JP2003011074A - Work marking device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To precisely and surely marking irrelevant to a type of a marking means by allowing the marking means to follow the surface shape of work and approximately constantly retaining an interval between the marking means and a marked part of the work. SOLUTION: This work marking device is provided with the non-contact type line ruling means 12 ruling the lines on the work W and capably of relatively moving in the front/rear direction to the work W, its left/right direction, and the vertical direction perpendicular to the reference plane, motors 4, 7, and 9 relatively moving the marking means 12 in the respective directions, a non-contact type measuring means 13 measuring the interval between the marking means 12 and the marked part of the work, and a motor control means 80 controlling the motor 4, 7, and 9 based on the signal form the measuring means 13 so that the marking means 12 moves in approaching/separating direction to/from the work W so as to approximately fix the interval therebetween.

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a work scoring apparatus used for scoring a workpiece such as a cast product or a forged product before machining. 2. Description of the Related Art When machining a workpiece such as a cast product or a forged product, it is necessary to measure the dimensions of the workpiece as a pre-work and to draw a score line at a required position. Conventionally, this scoring work has been performed manually by a skilled person. However, the work is very troublesome, requires a high degree of skill, and has a problem that the work efficiency is significantly reduced. Therefore, recently, a head provided with a dimension measuring means and a scoring means is provided so as to be movable in a three-dimensional direction,
An automatic scoring apparatus has been considered in which the head is relatively moved with respect to a workpiece to perform a series of operations from measurement of dimensions to creation of a scoring line. [0005] In order to automate the scoring work, the configuration of the scoring means is very important in determining and securing the scoring accuracy. That is, as the scoring means, a non-contact type in which a scoring line is formed by using an ink jet, a laser beam or the like without making contact with the surface of the work, or a scoring device is provided on the surface of the work. A contact type in which a score line is formed by making contact and making use of mechanical vibration, electrical resistance, or the like is conceivable. However, regardless of the contact type or the non-contact type, in order to actually make a score line on the work, the score means is made to follow the surface shape of the work, and the scoring means and the scored part of the work are determined. Must always be kept substantially constant. [0008] This is because, for example, in the case of a non-contact type using an ink jet, there is a problem of a distance of the ink jet. This is because a problem such as an increase in size occurs. Further, when a score line is cut on the surface of a work by mechanical vibration of the score, or a heat change is applied by using electrical resistance of a contact portion between the score and the work to form the score line. This is because, in the case of a contact type, for example, when the contact pressure is applied, the magnitude of the contact pressure affects the thickness of the scored line, and the frictional resistance applied to the scored means varies greatly, making it difficult to draw a line smoothly. Therefore, the interval between the scribing means and the scoring portion of the work must always be substantially constant. In view of the above problem, the present invention makes the scoring means follow the surface shape of the work so as to always maintain a substantially constant interval between the scoring means and the scoring portion of the work. It is an object of the present invention to provide a work scoring device capable of performing a scoring work accurately and reliably regardless of the work. A work scoring device according to the present invention includes a non-contact type scoring means 12 for writing a scoring line on a work W to a work mounting device 14 on a reference plane. In addition to being provided to be relatively movable in the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the vertical direction perpendicular to the reference plane with respect to the mounted work W,
Motors 4, 7, and 9 for relatively moving the scribing means 12 in the respective directions are provided, and a non-contact type measuring means 13 for measuring an interval between the scoring means 12 and a scoring portion of the work W is provided. A motor control means 80 for controlling the motors 4, 7, 9 so as to move the scoring means 12 in the distance direction with respect to the workpiece W so that the interval is substantially constant by a signal from the measuring means 13;
Is provided. When the work W is scored, the motors 4, 7, 9 are operated to move the non-contact type scoring means 12 to the work mounting device.
The work W mounted on 14 is moved relatively in the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the up-down direction perpendicular to the reference plane, and a scribe line is formed on the surface of the work W by the scribe means 12. At this time, the scribing means 12 is
The distance between the scribed portion of the workpiece W and the scribed portion of the work W is measured, and the motors
Is moved in the perspective direction with respect to the workpiece W, the scoring means 12 follows the surface shape of the scoring portion of the workpiece W, and the interval between them is always maintained substantially constant. Therefore, regardless of the scoring means 12, constant scoring accuracy can always be obtained. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 3 and 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a surface plate having an upper surface serving as a reference plane, on which a front-rear direction guide rail 2 is mounted. Reference numeral 3 denotes a slide table. The slide table 3 is slidably supported and guided by a guide rail 2 in the front-rear direction (hereinafter referred to as the X-axis direction). The X-axis motor 4 rotates balls and screws in a forward / reverse direction. It is reciprocally movable in the X-axis direction through the intermediary. Reference numeral 5 denotes a column which is provided upright on the slide 3 so as to be perpendicular to the surface plate 1. A column 6 on which the lift 6 slides in the vertical direction (hereinafter referred to as the Z-axis direction). It is freely supported and guided. The lift 6 has a Z-axis motor 7. The Z-axis motor 7 rotates forward and backward through a ball screw or the like to rotate the Z-axis motor 7.
Reciprocable in the axial direction. Reference numeral 8 denotes a left-right supporting arm, which is slidably supported in the left-right direction (hereinafter referred to as the Y-axis direction) by the lift 6 and reciprocates in the Y-axis direction by the forward / reverse rotation of the Y-axis motor 9. It is free. At the tip of the support arm 8, the support arm
The angle of the head can be changed between the axis 8 and the horizontal axis 10
The head 11 has scoring means 12 and measuring means 13
And are attached. Therefore, the scribing means 12 and the measuring means 13
The angle can be set in the required direction by changing the angle of the head 11 about the horizontal axis 10, and the X-axis and the Y-axis orthogonal to each other can be set by moving the slide 3, the lift 6 and the support arm 8. It is reciprocally movable in the axis and Z-axis directions. Reference numeral 14 denotes a work mounting device, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, comprising a receiving table 15, a rotary table 16, a work mounting table 17, an inclination adjusting means 18, and the like. 1 is placed on top. The pedestal 15 is fixed on the surface plate 1. On the upper surface of the pedestal 15, a ring-shaped bearing holding portion 19 and a projection 20 at the center thereof are formed concentrically. I have. The turntable 16 is composed of a bottomed cylindrical main body 21 and a receiving plate 22 mounted on the upper end opening of the main body 21, and a ring-shaped bearing holding portion formed on the bottom lower surface of the main body 21. It is rotatably supported by a bearing holding portion 19 of the pedestal 15 via a bearing 23 and an outer peripheral bearing 24 around the axis in the Z-axis direction. On the upper surface of the bottom of the main body 21, a rotary motor 26 with a speed reducer 25 is mounted downward at the center, and its output shaft
26a is connected to the projection 20 of the cradle 15. Therefore,
The turntable 16 is rotatable forward and backward at low speed around the axis in the Z-axis direction by forward and reverse rotation of the rotary motor 26. The work mounting table 17 is a disk having substantially the same diameter as the receiving plate 22 of the rotary table 16. Two V blocks 27 and 28 on which the work W is detachably mounted are mounted on the work mounting table 17.
Is provided. The tilt adjusting means 18 is for adjusting the work mounting table 17 up and down in an arbitrary direction.
It is interposed between 22 and the work mount 17. The tilt adjusting means 18 includes a front support portion 29 disposed at three points that are not on a straight line, for example, each vertex position of an equilateral triangle, and a pair of left and right rear support portions 30 and 31. It is configured to support 17 from below. The front support portion 29 includes a pair of upper and lower spherical support members 33 and 34 mounted on the pedestal 32 on the receiving plate 22 and the work mount 17.
And a pair of upper and lower spherical receiving members which are rotatably fitted on the respective spherical support members 33 and 34 and abut on the upper and lower surfaces, and a cylindrical body 35 screwed to the outside of the spherical receiving members. Within the relative rotation range allowed between the spherical supports 33, 34 and the spherical receiver, the inclination of the work mount 17 and the relative movement in the horizontal direction caused by the vertical movement of the rear supports 30, 31 And forgive. Each of the rear support portions 30 and 31 is composed of female screw members 38 and 39 guided by four guide rods 36 and 37 fixed on the receiving plate 22 so as to be slidable up and down. , 39, the fork brackets 42, 43 mounted on the upper surfaces of the female screw bodies 38, 39, and the fork shafts 44, 45 on the fork brackets 42, 43.
And spherical joints 46 and 47 pivotally mounted via the joints. The spherical joints 46 and 47 are mounted on the lower side of the work mount 17. Each of the screw shafts 40, 41 is linked to the output shafts of the vertical adjustment motors 50, 51 via reduction gears 48, 49, and the vertical rotation of the vertical rotation motors 50, 51 causes the screw shafts 40, 41 to rotate around the center of the vertical axis. It is designed to be driven forward and reverse. The support shaft 44 of the rear support portion 30 is oriented in the front-rear direction, and the support shaft 45 of the rear support portion 31 is oriented in the left-right direction. Also, the rear support portion 30 is fitted to the bifurcated bracket 42 so that the spherical joint 46 hardly moves in the axial direction of the support shaft 44, whereas the rear support portion 31 has the spherical joint 47 of the support shaft 45. It is fitted to the bifurcated bracket 43 so that it can move in the axial direction. Therefore, on the rear support portion 30 side, the work mounting table 17 is provided.
While only the vertical adjustment and the accompanying inclination of the surface can be adjusted, the rear support portion 31 allows the work mount 17 to move in the left / right direction due to the left / right inclination. ing. The scoring means 12 is for making a scoring line on the surface of the work W. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a required direction set by the head 11 from the tip of the injection nozzle 52 is used. And an ink ejector 53 for ejecting the ink a. The measuring means 13 serves both for measuring the dimension of the work W and for measuring the distance between the scribed portion of the work W and the scribe means 12, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. And work W
A laser displacement meter 54 that emits a laser beam b to the surface of the device and receives a reflected beam c thereof. The laser displacement meter 54 has a reflection point of the laser beam b.
d is slightly inclined so as to be located near the landing point e of the ink a ejected from the ejection nozzle 52. The reflection point d of the laser beam b is slightly separated from the landing point e of the ink a, so that the reflection noise from the ink a is reduced. As shown in FIG. 1, the laser displacement meter 54
It is connected to a position calculating means 82 and a path calculating means 83 of a personal computer 81 constituting a motor control means 80 via an A / D converter 79, and an interval measured by the laser displacement meter 54 is used as a position setting means 84. The respective motors 4, 7, 9 are controlled via the XYZ axis selecting means 85 so as to be substantially constant with the interval set in the above. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 86 denotes a work mounting device.
Adjustment amount calculating means for 14 and 87 are attitude selecting means. 88 is an X-axis position reading means linked to the X-axis motor 4, 89 is a Z-axis position reading means linked to the Z-axis motor 7, 90 is a Y-axis motor 9
Y-axis position reading means interlocking with the rotation motor 91, rotation position reading means interlocking with the rotation motor 26, 92, 93 vertical movement motors 50, 51
This is a vertical position reading means linked to. The following is a description of the case where the work W is scored using the scorer having the above configuration. First, after the work W is mounted on the work mounting table 17 of the work mounting device 14 by the V blocks 27 and 28, the work mounting device 14 is adjusted so that the work W is in a predetermined posture. In this case, the position setting means 84 sets the position, order, direction, etc. of the main points, calculates the path by the path calculating means 83 via the position calculating means 82, and then sets the XYZ axis selecting means.
85, the motors 4, 7, 9 are operated, and these motors 4, 7, 9
The measurement means 12 of the head 11 is moved in a predetermined direction by the forward / reverse rotation of 7, 9 and the laser beam b is irradiated from the laser displacement meter 54 onto the surface of the work W at the main point. Then, the position of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the head 11 at each point is read by each of the position reading means 88, 89, and 90, and the position is obtained from the position signal and the measurement signal from the A / D converter 79. The calculation means 82 obtains the coordinate value. Next, based on these coordinate values, the adjustment amounts of the respective parts of the work mounting device 14 are calculated by the adjustment amount calculating means 86 from the conditions set by the position calculating means 82, and the posture selecting means is used.
The motors 26, 50, 51 are operated via 87, and the posture of the work W is adjusted by the forward / reverse rotation. At this time, while reading the adjustment amounts by the motors 26, 50, 51 by the position reading means 91, 92, 93, the position of each adjusted point is corrected by the position calculating means 82, and based on the correction,
Again, the motors 4, 7, and 9 are operated via the XYZ axis selection means 85 to perform measurement at the new position. By repeating this, the work mounting device 14 is adjusted so that the work W has a predetermined posture. Next, the distance between the scribing means 12 and the scoring portion of the work W, the starting point, the ending point, the bending point, etc. of the scoring line are set by the position calculating means 82, and the actual scoring work is performed. Move on.
That is, if the interval, the start point, the end point, the bending point, etc. of the ruled line are set, the path calculating means 83
Calculates the path position and activates the motors 4, 7, 9 via the XYZ axis selection means 85, so that the head 11 moves in a predetermined direction by the forward / reverse rotation of the motors 4, 7, 9 and the scribing means A score line is written on the surface of the score portion of the work W by 12. For example, if the upper side of the work W is to be marked,
After setting the head 11 downward, the slide base 3 is moved along the rail 2 by the X-axis motor 4 in the X-axis direction. At this time, if the ink jetting distance of the ink ejector 53 constituting the scribing means 12 is optimally about 12 mm, the distance setting means 84 sets the distance 12 mm. Then, the laser displacement meter 54 of the measuring means 13
b, the reflected light c is received, and the head 11, that is, the scoring means 12 and the measuring means 13 are moved in the X-axis direction while measuring the distance between the ink ejector 53 and the scoring portion of the work W. Move to. Therefore, if the interval between the scorer 12 and the scored portion of the work W changes from the set value to a large or small value,
The position calculating means 82 compares the measured signal with the set value, and adjusts the interval by rotating the Z-axis motor 7 forward and backward. For example, if the interval becomes large due to the surface shape of the work W, etc., the reverse rotation command from the position calculating
It is sent to the Z-axis motor 7 via the Z-axis selecting means 85, and the Z-axis motor 7 rotates in the reverse direction. As a result, the elevator 6 descends in the Z-axis direction along the column 5, so that the head 11 attached to the elevator 6 via the support arm 8, the scribing means 12, and the measuring means 13
And the distance between the workpiece W and the scribed portion is reduced. When the interval between the scribing means 12 and the scoring portion of the work W is reduced and the set value and the measured value match, the reverse rotation command from the position calculating means 82 stops and the Z-axis motor
7 stops. Accordingly, the scribing means 12 automatically follows the surface shape of the work W, and the interval between the scoring means 12 and the scoring portion of the work W can be always kept substantially constant. The flight distance of the ink a ejected from the ejection nozzles 52 of the nozzles 53 is substantially constant and stable, and a ruled line having a substantially constant thickness can be formed on the surface of the work W. When the ink ejector 53 is used, the ink a may be directly ejected onto the surface of the work W, but a paint or the like for promoting the curing and fixing of the ink is applied to the work W in advance. You can leave it. As the non-contact scoring means 12, a laser light generator may be used, and the energy of the laser light may be used to change the color of the paint applied on the surface of the work W to make the scoring line. . The scribing means 12 and the measuring means 13 correspond to those shown in FIG.
They may be arranged as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B or FIGS. 8A and 8B. That is, FIGS. 7A and 7B show a configuration in which the measuring means 13 is provided perpendicular to the surface of the work W, and the scribing means 12 is provided with a slight inclination. FIGS. 8A and 8B show a case where both the scribing means 12 and the measuring means 13 are provided perpendicular to the surface of the work W. The non-contact type measuring means 13 includes a capacitance type and an ultrasonic type in addition to the laser type displacement meter 54. Since the non-contact measuring means 13 outputs a continuous analog signal to a position within a certain range, A
If the unit is converted by A / D conversion by the / D converter 79, the measured value can be added to the read value of the position coordinate of the head 11, thereby speeding up the measurement. In each of the above embodiments, a non-contact type scribing means 12 is exemplified. However, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, a contact type which directly contacts the work W may be used. FIG. 9 shows scoring means 12 utilizing mechanical vibration.
Is exemplified. This scribing means 12 is a device in which a rod-shaped scribing element 62 is mounted at the tip of an electromagnetic type vibration generating apparatus 60 via a holding cylinder 61. By vibrating in the direction, the score line 62 is directly cut on the surface of the workpiece W by the mechanical vibration of the score element 62. The vibrating device 60 is mounted on the mounting base 63 and is scored by rails 65 via sliding bearings 64.
It is slidably supported and guided in the axial direction of 62 and is urged by a spring 78 so as to protrude toward the workpiece W. On the head 11 side including the rail 65 and the like, two proximity switches 66 and 67 for detecting the position of the mounting base 63 are mounted at predetermined intervals. The proximity switches 66, 67 constitute the measuring means 13, and apply the scribe 62 to the workpiece W at a predetermined pressure.
When performing the scoring work by contacting the head 11, the head 11 is moved closer to the work W until the proximity switch 66 detects the mounting base 63, and the head 11 is moved when the proximity switch 67 detects the mounting base 63. It is connected to the motor control means 80 so as to move in the direction away from W. FIG. 10 shows an example of the scribing means 12 in which a scribing line 69 is formed directly on the surface of the work W by a needle-like scribing element 69 having a sharp tip. The scorer 69 is a holding cylinder on the head 11 side
It is slidably inserted in the axial direction into 70, and is urged by a spring 71 so as to protrude toward the work W. Then, the proximity switches 66 and 67 constituting the measuring means 13 are
It is attached to the head 11 side corresponding to the rear end side. FIG. 11 shows scribing means 12 using electric resistance.
Is exemplified. The scoring means 12 applies an electric current to the work W via the scribing element 72 made of a good conductor, generates Joule heat at a contact portion between the scoring element 72 and the work W, and causes the surface of the work W to be heated by the Joule heat. By changing the color, a ruled line is inserted. The scorer 72 is slidably supported in the axial direction by a holding cylinder 75 via a support rod 74 made of an insulating material such as ceramic, and is urged by a spring 76 so as to project toward the workpiece W. ing. The support rod 74 is provided with a detection rod 77 made of metal on the side opposite to the scorer 72, and two proximity switches 66 and 67 are attached to the head 11 so as to detect this. Also in the cases shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the head 11 is connected to the scribes 62, 69, 72 via the motor control means 80 by the signals from the proximity switches 66, 67 constituting the measuring means 13. If the corresponding motor is controlled to be turned on / off so as to move in the axial direction of the
Following the surface shape of the work W
The contact pressure of 62, 69, 72 can be kept substantially constant, and a stable score line with a substantially constant thickness can be smoothly drawn. In the cases shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the scorers 62, 69, 72 themselves can move in the axial direction, so that not only the XYZ axis direction but also the tilt including one axis is included. There is an advantage that scoring work can be performed along the surface. Note that a differential transformer or a pulse encoder may be used instead of the proximity switches 66 and 67. According to the present invention, the non-contact scoring means 12 for writing a scoring line on the work W is provided for the work W mounted on the work mounting device 14 on the reference plane. Longitudinal direction,
Motors 4, 7, 9 for moving the scoring means 12 relatively in each of the above-mentioned directions are provided so as to be relatively movable in the left-right direction and the vertical direction perpendicular to the reference plane. A non-contact type measuring means 13 for measuring an interval between the W and the scoring portion is provided, and a signal from the measuring means 13 moves the scoring means 12 to and from the workpiece W so that the interval becomes substantially constant. Motor control means 80 for controlling the motors 4, 7, 9 to move the
Follows the surface shape of the scoring part of the work W, so that the distance between the scoring means 12 and the scoring part of the work W can always be controlled to be substantially constant, regardless of the scoring means 12 accurately and reliably. A scribing operation can be performed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a front view of a scribing unit and a measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a side view thereof. FIG. 3 is an overall front view showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an overall side view showing one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of a work mounting device showing one embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a view as viewed in the direction of arrows XX in FIG. 5; 7A is a front view of a scoring unit and a measuring unit according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a side view thereof. FIG. 8A is a front view of a scoring unit and a measuring unit according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8B is a side view thereof. FIG. 9 is a side view of a contact-type scoring means showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a contact-type scoring means and a measuring means showing still another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a contact-type scoring means and a measuring means showing still another embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Signs] W Workpiece 4 X-axis motor 7 Y-axis motor 9 Z-axis motor 12 Marking means 13 Measuring means 14 Work mounting device 62 Marker 69 Ruler 72 Ruler 80 Motor control means 82 Position calculating means 84 Position setting means

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A non-contact type scoring means (12) for writing a scoring line on a work (W) is provided on a work mounting device on a reference plane.
(14) is provided so as to be relatively movable in the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the vertical direction perpendicular to the reference plane with respect to the work (W) mounted on the work (W), and the scribing means (12) is relatively moved in each direction. Motors (4), (7), (9) to move the
2) A non-contact type measuring means (13) for measuring the distance between the scored portion of the work (W) and the work (W) is provided, and a signal from the measuring means (13) is provided so that the distance becomes substantially constant. Writing means (12)
A motor control means (80) for controlling the motors (4), (7), (9) so as to move the motor in the direction of the distance from the work (W).