CN112595247B - Intelligent measuring system for deep blind hole cavity - Google Patents

Intelligent measuring system for deep blind hole cavity Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112595247B
CN112595247B CN202011524302.0A CN202011524302A CN112595247B CN 112595247 B CN112595247 B CN 112595247B CN 202011524302 A CN202011524302 A CN 202011524302A CN 112595247 B CN112595247 B CN 112595247B
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measuring
platform
motor
displacement sensor
cavity
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CN112595247A (en
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刘�东
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Dragon Totem Technology Hefei Co ltd
Hefei Minglong Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Shaanxi University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/08Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent measuring system for a deep blind hole cavity, which comprises a measuring platform, a displacement sensor, a propelling mechanism and a positioning mechanism, wherein two sides of the measuring platform are contacted with the inner wall of the cavity; the pushing mechanism comprises a first motor and a first screw rod, the first motor is used for driving the first screw rod to rotate, one side of the measuring platform is fixed on a nut on the first screw rod, the positioning mechanism comprises a cylindrical linear guide rail, and the other side of the measuring platform is fixed on a sliding block on the cylindrical linear guide rail. According to the intelligent measuring system for the deep blind hole cavity, the sensor can realize automatic centering, the measuring system can continuously measure displacement data of a surface to be measured, and the measuring system has high measuring precision.

Description

Intelligent measuring system for deep blind hole cavity
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blind hole cavity measurement, in particular to an intelligent measuring system for a deep blind hole cavity.
Background
The same life of the undercarriage and the aircraft body is a common requirement of modern long-life aircrafts, and for a main bearing part of the undercarriage, a welding part is structurally replaced by an integral die forging part; inner holes of the outer cylinder of the landing gear and the piston rod parts are mostly of deep-hole variable-section complex cavity structures, and therefore machining and detection of the deep-hole variable-section complex cavity become key technologies for manufacturing the landing gear. At present, in the mechanical processing of large-specification integral forgings of landing gears, some process researches are carried out on the processing aspects of deep holes and long holes of the landing gears and crossed shafts, but the detection aspects of deep hole variable cross sections and complex cavities of large parts are blank.
The bottom of the inner hole of the outer cylinder of the landing gear of a certain model is provided with a spherical cavity, the depth is 1500 cm, an annular groove is formed at the distance of 1200 cm from an orifice, the section is complicated, and the landing gear is a blind hole cavity. The accuracy of this hole structure processing will directly influence undercarriage performance and flight safety. At present, the forming size of the structure cannot be directly measured on machine, so that after the inner hole of a part is machined and formed, if the inner hole is unqualified, the inner hole cannot be repaired, and huge loss is caused. How to accurately detect the deep-hole variable-section complex cavities of the outer cylinder and the piston rod, realize NC program code verification and process parameter correction in the machining process, and have important research significance for improving the machining precision of the undercarriage parts.
The existing deep hole measurement is divided into contact measurement, non-contact measurement and embedded measurement, wherein the contact measurement is usually carried out by adopting a three-coordinate measuring machine and a measuring arm, a workpiece to be measured is placed in a measuring space (space which can be reached by a measuring head) of the three-coordinate measuring machine or the measuring arm, the measuring head is automatically or manually operated to contact with a surface to be measured, the coordinate of the measuring head in the three-dimensional space is obtained through the feedback of a driving mechanism, and the three-dimensional coordinate of the surface point to be measured can be obtained after the radius compensation of the measuring head. The traditional contact measurement has low efficiency, and only a small number of measurement points can be obtained; the measurement precision is limited by the machining and manufacturing precision of a mechanical device by depending on a complex driving and positioning device; flexibility and general new and low, need to change devices such as gauge head to the deep hole die cavity of different size structures.
The non-contact measurement mainly adopts a pneumatic measuring machine or an optical measuring instrument. The optical measurement is represented by laser triangulation method measurement, but no oil stain and iron cutting exist inside the workpiece to be measured, the surface of an inner hole cavity is clean, the actual workpiece to be measured of an enterprise is a product which is processed or maintained, the clean environment of the surface of the inner hole cannot be achieved, and the measurement accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The pneumatic measuring machine has strict requirements on environmental conditions, and can be used after different calibration gauges are manufactured when parameters such as different apertures are measured, so that the pneumatic measuring machine is difficult to manufacture into a universal measuring device.
In addition, an embedded measuring device configuration is adopted, and a measuring cavity is embedded into the measuring device, so that the structure of the device configuration is considered, the contact area between the device configuration and a workpiece to be measured is reduced as much as possible, and the workpiece is prevented from being scratched by a detection device; secondly, the problem of universality of the measuring device is considered, and the difficulty of measuring the cavities of workpieces with different apertures is solved by the configuration of the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent measuring system for a deep blind hole cavity, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, the sensor can realize automatic centering, and the measuring system can continuously measure the displacement data of a surface to be measured and has higher measuring precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides an intelligent measuring system for a deep blind hole cavity, which comprises a measuring platform, a displacement sensor, a propelling mechanism and a positioning mechanism, wherein two sides of the measuring platform are in contact with the inner wall of the cavity; the pushing mechanism comprises a first motor and a first screw rod, the first motor is used for driving the first screw rod to rotate, one side of the measuring platform is fixed on a nut on the first screw rod, the positioning mechanism comprises a cylindrical linear guide rail, and the other side of the measuring platform is fixed on a sliding block on the cylindrical linear guide rail.
Preferably, the positioning mechanism further comprises a triangular linear slide rail, and the triangular linear slide rail is mounted on a central axis of the measuring platform; and a grating ruler for measuring the propelling progress of the displacement sensor is arranged on one side of the triangular linear slide rail.
Preferably, a camera is arranged on the measuring platform and used for feeding back visual pictures to the industrial personal computer.
Preferably, a third motor, a vertical cylindrical linear guide rail, a second lead screw and a lifting fine adjustment platform are arranged in the measurement platform, and the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail and the lead screw which are perpendicular to the measurement platform symmetrically penetrate through two sides of the lifting fine adjustment platform; and a third motor arranged above the measuring platform is used for driving the second lead screw to rotate, and the lifting fine adjustment platform parallel to the measuring platform can move up and down along the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail and the second lead screw.
Preferably, a clamping device is fixed at the center line position of the front end of the lifting fine adjustment platform and used for clamping the displacement sensor.
Preferably, a second motor is further arranged in the measuring platform, the second motor is a linear screw motor, a screw accessory sleeve at one end of a screw is connected with the clamping device, and a grating ruler is arranged between the second motor and the clamping device.
Preferably, still be provided with left triangle linear slide and right triangle linear slide in the measuring platform, left triangle linear slide and right triangle linear slide set up respectively in measuring platform's both sides, just the both ends sliding fit of lift fine setting platform is in on left triangle linear slide and the right triangle linear slide.
Preferably, displacement sensor adopts resilience formula displacement sensor, just displacement sensor's precision is 1um.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The intelligent measuring system for the deep blind hole cavity disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the structural parameters of the measuring device are reasonably configured, and the measuring platform is designed and manufactured, so that the intelligent measuring system can be suitable for measuring tasks of cavities with various sizes and apertures. The measuring platform has linear motion and accurate displacement and has a cavity inner hole contact type measuring function.
(2) A measurement coordinate system of the measurement platform is established, the cross section of the workpiece to be measured is scanned and contacted, a space function relation between the measurement device and the workpiece to be measured is established, and data such as the arc radius, the depth of the annular groove, the chamfering height and the like of the workpiece to be measured can be measured.
(3) The fitting method and the precision compensation algorithm of the measured data are researched, and the compensation precision of the measuring device is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deep blind hole cavity intelligent measurement system structure;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the measurement platform;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the measuring platform in operation;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the measuring platform in an operating state;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the measurement platform;
wherein, 1, a displacement sensor mounting surface; 2, the axis of a cylinder of a workpiece to be measured; 3 measuring a platform placing plane; 4, a triangular linear slide rail; 5, a displacement sensor; 6, a camera; 7, a first lead screw; 8, a first motor; 9, a second motor; 10, a third motor; 11 a measuring platform; 12 a clamping device; 13 cylindrical linear guide rails; 14, a left triangular linear slide rail; 15 vertical cylindrical linear guide rails; 16 measuring heads; 17, a second lead screw; 18 right triangular linear slide rail; 19 lifting and lowering the fine adjustment platform.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an intelligent measuring system for a deep blind hole cavity, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, the sensor can realize automatic centering, and the measuring system can continuously measure the displacement data of a surface to be measured and has higher measuring precision.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the present embodiment provides an intelligent measuring system for a deep blind hole cavity, including a measuring platform 11, a displacement sensor 5, a pushing mechanism and a positioning mechanism, where two sides of the measuring platform 11 contact with an inner wall of the cavity, the displacement sensor 5 is installed at a front end of the measuring platform 11, and an installation position of the displacement sensor is overlapped with an axis of the measuring platform 11, the displacement sensor 5 is disposed on a vertical plane of a secant in the cavity, and a measuring head 16 of the displacement sensor 5 contacts with a cavity wall of a workpiece to be measured; the propelling mechanism comprises a first motor 8 and a first lead screw 7, the first motor 8 is used for driving the first lead screw 7 to rotate, one side of the measuring platform 11 is fixed on a nut on the first lead screw 7, the positioning mechanism comprises a cylindrical linear guide rail 13, and the other side of the measuring platform 11 is fixed on a sliding block on the cylindrical linear guide rail 13.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a blind hole measuring system, a measuring platform 11 is placed inside a cylindrical cavity to be measured, a measuring platform placing plane 3 in fig. 1 is a transverse plane in the cavity, and the measuring platform 11 is located at the position; the measuring head 16 or the displacement sensor 5 is provided with the displacement sensor mounting surface 1 in fig. 1, which is provided on a longitudinal vertical plane of the secant line in the cavity. This configuration enables the automatic centering operation of the displacement sensor 5 (finding the over-centre measurement point of the cylinder).
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the measuring device is composed of a propelling mechanism, a measuring platform 11 and a positioning mechanism. The propulsion mechanism is composed of a motor I8 and a screw rod I7 and can realize propulsion of the measuring platform 11. Positioning mechanism comprises cylinder linear guide 13 and triangle linear slide 4, cylinder linear guide 13 and lead screw 7 make measuring platform 11 keep parallel with measuring platform place plane 3, triangle linear guide 4 settles on the axis of measuring platform place plane 3, play auxiliary positioning measuring platform 11, make displacement sensor 5 be in all the time on the displacement sensor installation face 1 in figure 1, secondly, reduce the rocking in the measuring platform 11 motion process, make its smooth motion, triangle linear slide 4 is other to have arranged the grating chi and is used for measuring displacement sensor 5 and impels the progress. The measuring platform 11 is composed of a camera 6, a second motor 9, a third motor 10 and a clamping device 12, and the camera 6 is used for feeding back a visual picture of the industrial personal computer, observing an internal actual measuring state by an operator and adjusting the posture of the sensor. The second motor 9 provides a displacement sensor 5 to achieve a 20cm propelling and stretching function (the second motor 9 is a linear lead screw motor, a lead screw accessory sleeve at one end of a lead screw of the second motor 9 is connected with a clamping device 12, the linear lead screw motor is arranged on a central axis, the clamping device 12 is arranged in a rectangular sliding track inside the lifting fine adjustment platform 19, the second motor 9 provides stretching kinetic energy, a grating ruler is arranged between the second motor 9 and the clamping device 12 to feed back stretching dimensions), a complex cavity measurement task can be provided, and the third motor 10 is a micro motor and can provide a lifting function of the displacement sensor 5. When the third motor 10 is used for measurement, the displacement sensor 5 is lifted or lowered for the convenience of the measurement task suitable for the cavities with various types of inner diameters due to contact measurement. The displacement sensor 5 adopts a miniature resilience type high-precision displacement sensor, and the precision reaches 1um. The measurement adopts contact measurement, a measuring head 16 of the high-precision displacement sensor is in contact with a cavity of a workpiece to be measured, and displacement data of the sensor and the surface to be measured are continuously measured by being pushed by a first motor 8.
Specifically, a vertical cylindrical linear guide rail 15, a second lead screw 17 and a lifting fine adjustment platform 19 are arranged in the measuring platform 11, the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail 15 and the second lead screw 17 penetrate through the lifting fine adjustment platform 19, and the third motor 10 is located above the measuring platform 11 and drives the second lead screw 17. The clamping device 12 is arranged at the central line position in the lifting fine-tuning platform 19, the displacement sensor 5 is fixed at the front end, the second motor 9 and the moving component are connected at the rear end, and the clamping device 12 and the second motor 9 lift along with the lifting fine-tuning platform 19.
As shown in FIG. 3, the measuring platform 11 can be pushed to the end part by the first motor 8, and the second motor 9 can continue to carry out secondary pushing on the displacement sensor 5, so that the measurement of the internal complex cavity structure is facilitated. This dark blind hole die cavity intelligence measurement system because of motor 8, motor two 9, motor three 10 provide tertiary regulatory function. The first motor 8 provides a propelling platform function, the second motor 9 provides a 20cm propelling telescopic function of the displacement 5 sensor, and a small space measuring function can be provided. The third motor 10 is used for contact measurement during measurement, and is convenient for measurement tasks suitable for multi-type inner diameter cavities, and a measuring sensor is lifted or lowered.
As shown in fig. 5, the measuring platform 11 is a measuring core device of the whole measuring apparatus, and achieves the operations of fine lifting and telescopic propulsion of the sensor. In fig. 5, the camera comprises a motor III 10, a camera 6, a left triangular linear slide rail 14, a right triangular linear slide rail 18, a vertical cylindrical linear guide rail 15 and a lead screw II 17. The sensor mounting must be on the perpendicular to the circle-cut line in fig. 1 and the platform positioning in motion relies on the triangular linear slide 4 in fig. 2. The three motors 10, the second lead screw 17, the left and right triangular linear slide rails and the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail 15 form a fine adjustment lifting mechanism of the measuring sensor, the three motors 10 and the second lead screw 17 form lifting power, a plane formed by the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail 15 and the second lead screw 17 is perpendicular to a plane of the measuring device and used for positioning the clamping device 12, and the left and right triangular linear slide rails are used for preventing shaking in the movement process and improving accurate positioning movement. A grating ruler is arranged behind the left triangular linear slide rail and used for measuring the fine adjustment movement distance.
The left triangular linear slide rail 14 and the right triangular linear slide rail 18 only see the side surfaces and are embedded in the measuring platform 11, and the selected miniature slide rails are small in size. The left triangular linear slide rail 14 is not needed, and the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail 15 is arranged on the left side, so that the measurement accuracy error caused by the fact that the sensor is not perpendicular to the measurement platform 11 in the lifting process is avoided. The clamping device 12 is moved with the fine adjustment platform 19. When the displacement sensor 5 is pushed in, it slides in the fine adjustment platform 19.
The fine adjustment lifting mechanism has the following functions that 1, the contact type displacement sensor can move up and down, and the measuring device can be suitable for measuring cavities with various diameters; 2 can realize the measurement of some special complex structures, such as: the annular groove in the cylinder controls the measuring head to stretch out and draw back from the measuring groove, and the measuring head is prevented from being damaged due to horizontal movement.
In this embodiment, the two sides of the base platform of the measuring device are designed to be arc-shaped, so as to be convenient for contacting with the cavity to be measured. And the groove is designed to be provided with the ball, so that the ball can conveniently slide into the cavity, the contact surface with the cavity is reduced, the contact damage of the cavity is reduced, and the service life of the measuring device is prolonged.
The measuring process of the intelligent measuring system for the deep blind hole cavity comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and placing the measuring system into a cavity to be measured.
The second step: through the industrial computer, through three 10 lift adjustments of motor, make displacement sensor 5 contact the die cavity inner wall that awaits measuring, carry out contact measurement.
The third step: the industrial personal computer controls a motor I8 to push a measuring platform 11 to move forward, a displacement sensor 5 returns data of the displacement sensor in real time, the front progress of a grating horse ruler is synchronously read, and a camera 6 returns an internal real-time state.
The fourth step: in the motion process of the displacement sensor 5, the industrial personal computer fits an axis equation of the contact surface of the cavity to be measured, which is measured by the displacement sensor 5, stably through a least square fitting algorithm in real time, and calculates the parallelism of the axis and the central axis of the measuring device. The distance data between the measuring platform 11 and the inner hole of the workpiece to be measured is obtained by longitudinally moving and measuring the displacement sensor 5 on the measuring platform 11, the parallelism (theoretically parallel, actually due to the processing error, the placement position and the like of the measuring device) and the functional relation of the measuring platform 11 and the inner hole vertical section of the workpiece to be measured can be obtained, and a measuring coordinate system with the measuring device as the origin can be established.
The fifth step: at specific measurement locations of the cavity, such as: and the positions of the arc chamfer, the boss and the like are controlled by the industrial control machine control motor II 9 to extend out of the displacement sensor 5 to be in contact with the measurement position, real-time data are fed back, the measured data are combined with the parallelism in the step four to carry out measurement compensation calculation, the measurement precision is improved, and the measurement data of the key position are obtained.
The measured data are sent back to the industrial personal computer, a large amount of data are measured by adopting contact scanning, and the industrial personal computer calculates the arc radius of the measuring point of the measuring cavity, the height of the circular truncated cone and the like by adopting a least square fitting algorithm. By calculating the degree of balance with respect to the measuring platform, the accuracy of the measuring device can be improved.
And a sixth step: and (6) outputting a measurement report and recovering the measurement device.
The invention relates to an intelligent measuring system for a deep blind hole cavity, which researches the measurement of a large-diameter deep hole, and a three-coordinate measuring machine and a measuring arm cannot go deep into the cavity to carry out measurement. The invention can comprehensively improve the measurement precision; the scanning type measurement can improve the data quantity of the contact type measurement point, and provide a large amount of data for data fitting in the later period, thereby improving the compensation precision of the measurement; the contact measurement does not require the excessive cleanliness of the interior of the workpiece, and is convenient and rapid to measure; the portable device is designed, and the problem of measuring universality of the multi-size workpiece aperture cavity is solved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the foregoing, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a dark blind hole die cavity intelligence measurement system which characterized in that: the measuring device comprises a measuring platform, a displacement sensor, a propelling mechanism and a positioning mechanism, wherein two sides of the measuring platform are in contact with the inner wall of a cavity, the displacement sensor is arranged at the front end of the measuring platform, the installation position of the displacement sensor is superposed with the axis of the measuring platform, the displacement sensor is arranged on a longitudinal vertical plane of a secant in the cavity, and a measuring head of the displacement sensor is in contact with the wall of the cavity of a workpiece to be measured; the pushing mechanism comprises a first motor and a first screw rod, the first motor is used for driving the first screw rod to rotate, one side of the measuring platform is fixed on a nut on the first screw rod, the positioning mechanism comprises a cylindrical linear guide rail, and the other side of the measuring platform is fixed on a sliding block on the cylindrical linear guide rail;
the positioning mechanism further comprises a triangular linear slide rail, and the triangular linear slide rail is mounted on the central axis of the measuring platform; a grating ruler for measuring the propelling progress of the displacement sensor is arranged on one side of the triangular linear slide rail;
a third motor, a vertical cylindrical linear guide rail, a second lead screw and a lifting fine tuning platform are arranged in the measuring platform, and the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail and the lead screw which are perpendicular to the measuring platform symmetrically penetrate through two sides of the lifting fine tuning platform; a third motor arranged above the measuring platform is used for driving a second screw rod to rotate, and the lifting fine adjustment platform parallel to the measuring platform can move up and down along the vertical cylindrical linear guide rail and the second screw rod; and a clamping device is fixed at the central line position of the front end of the lifting fine tuning platform and is used for clamping the displacement sensor.
2. The intelligent measuring system for the deep blind hole cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the measuring platform is provided with a camera which is used for feeding back visual pictures to the industrial personal computer.
3. The intelligent deep blind hole cavity measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the measuring platform is further internally provided with a second motor, the second motor is a linear lead screw motor, a lead screw accessory sleeve at one end of a lead screw in the linear lead screw motor is connected with the clamping device, and a grating ruler is arranged between the second motor and the clamping device.
4. The intelligent measuring system for the deep blind hole cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: still be provided with left triangle linear slide and right triangle linear slide in the measuring platform, left triangle linear slide and right triangle linear slide set up respectively in measuring platform's both sides, just the both ends sliding fit of lift fine setting platform is in on left triangle linear slide and the right triangle linear slide.
5. The intelligent deep blind hole cavity measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the displacement sensor adopts resilience formula displacement sensor, just displacement sensor's precision is 1um.
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