JP2002522323A - Roll of tissue sheet with improved properties - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] The properties of the rolls of tissue sheets may be provided by providing a generally machine transverse rod-like projection on the air side of the tissue with a specially woven carrier cloth and / or having offset seams It is improved by shifting the repetition of the surface shape of the sheet relative to the surface shape of the adjacent sheet in the roll, such as by using a through-drying cloth. Both techniques provide the resulting tissue sheet with improved performance in providing an improved combination of roll bulk and roll stiffness.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to rolls of tissue sheets having improved properties, and more particularly, to rolls made from relatively soft sheets having both high bulk and firmness.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Through-air drying tissues have been recently developed to provide a unique combination of bulk and softness. In part, the method of making such tissues involves the use of through-drying fabrics having high and long machine direction ridges, and the resulting tissue sheets are given a high texture. When the sheets are used to make bath tissue or paper towels, they are wound into rolls for sale to consumers. However, regardless of the high bulk and texture of the resulting tissue sheet, when wound up into a roll, the sheet is "nested" because the protrusions of the sheet fit into the corresponding recesses of the adjacent sheet in the wound roll. Tend to occur. As a result, the wound roll has good stiffness, but does not exhibit excellent roll bulk which matches the high texture exhibited by the sheet itself. Therefore, there is a need for a method that imparts good hardness and high bulk to a roll made of a tissue sheet having high bulk and texture.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It has now been found that the bulk / hardness characteristics of tissue sheet rolls, including through-dried tissue sheets, can be improved by changing the fabric used to make the tissue sheets. The resulting roll has both high bulk and firmness, especially for rolls made from relatively soft sheets. In one aspect, the invention is a method of making a through-dried tissue sheet, comprising: (a) depositing an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers on a forming fabric to form a wet web; b) dewatering the wet web to a concentration of about 20 to about 30 percent; and (c) removing the dewatered web from about 10% to about 8% of the forming cloth.
Transferring to the sheet side of the transporting cloth moving at 0% slower speed; (d) lifting the web from about 5 to about 300 pieces per square inch at least about 0.005 inches above the cloth surface; Transferring the web to a through-drying fabric having a textured ridge and macroscopically rearranging the web to conform to the surface of the through-drying fabric; (
e) through-drying the web, wherein the sheet side of the carrier fabric provides a generally machine-wise rod-like projection on the air side of the tissue sheet (CD).
).

As used herein, the “dryer side” of a tissue sheet is the side facing the through-drying cloth during through-drying, and the “air side” of the sheet is the through-drying cloth during through-drying. On the side of the sheet away from the surface. When the sheet is wound on a roll of product, it is often preferred that the air side of the sheet be the side facing the roll core and the dryer side be the side facing the outside of the sheet.

[0005] Also, as used herein, the term "generally cross-machine" refers to a bar-like protrusion or valley that is about 44 degrees or less relative to the cross-machine direction of the sheet or fabric, or less. Means extending at an angle of about 20 ° or less, and even more specifically, 10 ° or less. The bar-like projections may be parallel to the cross machine direction of the sheet or fabric. Similarly, "generally machine direction" means that the shape is about 44 degrees or less, more specifically about 20 degrees or less, and even more clearly 10 degrees or less, relative to the machine direction of the sheet or fabric. At an angle of Also, the shape in the general machine direction can be parallel or substantially parallel to the machine direction of the sheet or fabric.

[0006] The bar-like protrusions may extend continuously over the width of the sheet, but due to slight displacement of the filaments of the woven fabric, the length of the bar-like protrusions in a given sheet is actually longer. It changes randomly. Accordingly, the length of the bar-like protrusions is about 3 mm or more, more specifically about 3 mm to about 300 mm, and more specifically about 5 mm.
mm to about 50 mm, and more specifically about 5 mm to about 25 mm, and may include combinations of each of these ranges. The width of the bar-like projections corresponds to the filament spacing in the general machine direction (CD) of the transport cloth,
It can be about 0.3 mm or more, more specifically about 0.3 mm to about 3 mm, and even more specifically about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm. In addition, a single general machine direction (CD) filament in the carrying fabric is replaced by multiple stacked general machine direction (CD) filaments, thereby creating a deeper general machine direction (CD) valley in the fabric. It can be formed to form a higher bar-like protrusion on the air side of the sheet.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a tissue sheet having an air side and a dryer side, wherein the dryer side of the sheet comprises parallel discontinuous rows of pillow-like raised areas in a generally machine direction. This row can be provided to the sheet by the space between high and long ridges in the drying fabric in the general machine direction, with discontinuities in the rows of the pillow-like ridge areas in the valleys in the general machine direction. Yes, appearing on the air side of the sheet as a bar-like projection generally in the cross machine direction. The discontinuities in the rows of the pillow-like ridges substantially reduce the tendency of the pillow-like ridges in the sheet to nest when the sheet is wound into a roll.

In another aspect, the invention is a method of making an air-dried tissue sheet, comprising: (a) depositing an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers at a concentration of about 1 percent or less on a forming cloth. (B) dewatering the web to a concentration of about 20 to about 30 percent; and (c) removing the dewatered web from the forming fabric by about 10 to about 80 more than the forming cloth. Transferring the web to a carrier cloth moving at a percent slower speed; and (d) transferring the web from about 5 to about 300 per square inch.
Transferring the pieces to a throughdrying fabric having an embossed ridge that is raised at least about 0.005 inches above the fabric surface, and macroscopically rearranging the web to conform to the surface of the throughdrying fabric. And (e) through-drying the web, wherein the through-drying fabric has an offset seam, whereby the machine-direction yarn of the through-drying fabric comprises:
About 2 ° or less relative to the machine direction of the fabric, more specifically 1 ° or less, more specifically from about 0.05 ° to about 1 °, and even more specifically about 0.1 °
゜ to about 0.6 ゜. As used herein, the term "offset" means that the seam is spliced by offsetting the edge of the fabric in the cross machine direction beyond possible inadvertent misalignment during normal seaming operations. The concept of the offset seam is more fully expressed in the description of FIG.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a tissue sheet having a generally parallel row of pillow-like raised areas extending at an acute angle to the machine direction of the sheet. The angle is
It can be between about 0.05 ° and about 2 °, more specifically between about 0.05 ° and about 1 °, and more specifically between about 0.1 ° and about 0.6 °. This corner is obtained from the offset seam in the through-drying fabric and substantially suppresses the tendency of the sheet to nest when rolled. A similar effect can be achieved by using a commonly spliced fabric, rocking the rolls at a certain amplitude and period, and wrapping the web over it, which tends to align and create a nest. Suppressed, the roll bulk / roll stiffness ratio can be increased compared to a roll of the same sheet material without rocking.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a tissue roll having a roll bulk of 16 cubic centimeters or more per gram and a roll stiffness of 8 millimeters or less. In another aspect, the invention relates to a tissue roll having a roll bulk / roll stiffness ratio of 20 square centimeters per gram or more, and a sheet thickness of about 0.02 to about 0.05 inches. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a tissue roll having a roll bulk / roll stiffness ratio of 20 square centimeters per gram or more, and a geometric average stiffness of about 8 or less. In another aspect, the invention relates to a tissue roll having a roll bulk / roll stiffness / single sheet thickness ratio of about 350 centimeters per gram and a geometric average stiffness of about 8 or less.

[0011] The roll bulk of a tissue roll made in accordance with the present invention may be 16 cubic centimeters or more per gram of fiber, more specifically about 17 cubic centimeters or more per gram of fiber, and even more specifically per gram. It can be from about 17 to about 20 cubic centimeters. The roll hardness of a tissue roll made in accordance with the present invention is about 11 millimeters or less, more specifically about 8 millimeters or less, more specifically about 7 millimeters or less, and more specifically about 6 millimeters. Alternatively, it may be less, even more specifically about 4 to about 7 millimeters. Tissue rolls made in accordance with the present invention have a roll bulk / roll stiffness ratio of 20 square centimeters per gram or more, more specifically about 25 square centimeters per gram or more, and even more specifically 1 to 2 square centimeters or more per gram.
It can be from about 25 to about 55 square centimeters per gram.

The single sheet thickness of a tissue sheet useful for the purposes of the present invention may be from about 0.02 to about 0.05 inches (0.51 to about 1.27 millimeters), and more specifically, from about 0.025 to about 0.05 inches. It can be about 0.045 inches (0.64 to about 1.14 millimeters). The geometric average stiffness of tissue sheets useful for the purposes of the present invention is about 8 or less, more specifically about 5 or less, and even more specifically about 2 to about 5
It can be.

The tissue roll according to the invention has a roll bulk / roll firmness / single sheet thickness ratio of about 350 centimeters per gram or more, more specifically about 390 centimeters per gram or more. More specifically, about 430 centimeters per gram or more, and even more specifically, about 350 to about 550 centimeters per gram.

[0014] In addition to the above properties which directly relate to or affect the properties of the wound roll of the product, the absorbent capacity of a sheet useful for the purposes of the present invention is about 5 grams or more water per gram of fiber, More specifically, about 5 to about 8 grams of water per gram of fiber, and even more specifically, about 5.5 to about 7 grams of water per gram of fiber. Also, the sheet absorption rate useful for the purposes of the present invention is about 4 seconds or less,
More specifically from about 1 to about 4 seconds, and even more specifically from about 2 to about 3 seconds.

As used herein, “roll bulk” is the volume of a rolled product, excluding the core volume, and is very easily understood with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows a typical roll product having a core and a paper product wound therearound. Roll product diameter is "R"
, Whereas the diameter of the core is denoted by “r”. The width of the roll is indicated by "L". All dimensions are expressed in "centimeters". Product roll volume "RV
Is expressed in cubic centimeters (cc) and is the product volume minus the core volume, ie, RV = (πR ² L) − (πr ² L). Product roll mass
"W" is the roll mass minus the core mass and is measured in grams (g). Alternatively, the roll mass "W" can be calculated by multiplying the basis weight of the sheet in grams per square meter by the area of the sheet in square meters (length x width). In either case, "roll bulk" is expressed in cubic centimeters per gram (cc / g) and is obtained by dividing "RV" by "W".

As used herein, “roll stiffness” is a measure of the extent to which a probe enters a roll under controlled conditions, and shows the apparatus used to measure roll stiffness.
It is easily understood by referring to. This device is available from Kershaw Instrumentation, Id. Of Swedsboro, NJ.
nc. And is known as the RDT-101 roll density tester. FIG. 3 shows a measured towel roll 80 supported by a spindle 81. When the test is started, the moving table 82 starts to move in the direction of the roll. A detection probe 83 is attached to the moving table. The movement of the moving table brings the detection probe into contact with the towel roll. When the detection probe comes into contact with the roll, the force acts on the load cell. When the force exceeds the lower limit set point of 6 g, the displacement display device is set to zero and the display of the probe penetration is started. When the force acting on the detection probe exceeds the upper limit set point of 687 g, the moving table stops and the displacement display device displays the degree of approach in millimeters. The tester records this reading. The tester then rotates the towel roll on a 90 ° spindle and repeats the test. Roll stiffness is the average of the two readings, expressed in millimeters. 73 tests
. It is performed in an environment controlled at 4 ± 1.8 ° F. (23 ± 1 ° C.) and 50 ± 2% relative humidity. The roll is left in this environment for at least 4 hours before testing.

As used herein, “geometric mean stiffness” is the geometric mean slope divided by the geometric mean tensile strength; where the geometric mean tensile strength is the machine direction tensile strength and the cross machine direction tensile strength. The square root of the product of strength, expressed in grams per 3 inches (7.62 cm); and the geometric mean gradient is the square root of the product of the machine direction gradient and the cross machine gradient, which is 3 inches (7.62 cm). And the machine direction gradient and the machine direction gradient are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,898 issued to Wendt et al. On May 5, 1998, entitled "Method of Manufacturing Soft Tissue Products". No. 5,746,887, which is incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein, “single sheet thickness” refers to TAPPI test method T402 “Standard conditions and test environment (Stan) for paper, board, pulp handsheets and related products.
ard Conditioning and Testing Atmosp
here For Paper, Board, Pulp Handsheet
and Related Product) "per sheet
Measured using an EMVECO 200-A microgauge (EMVECO, INC., Oregon) with automated micrometer. This micrometer has an anvil diameter of 2.22 inches (56.4 millimeters) and an anvil pressure (2.0 kPa) of 132 grams per square inch (6.45 square centimeters).
Having.

As used herein, the “absorbing capacity” of a tissue sheet refers to a tissue sheet cut into 4 inch × 4 inch squares, 20 of which are bundled with a square face in the same machine direction, and Each corner is stapled and measured as a 20 sheet pad. The pad is placed in a wire mesh basket with the stapled point down, and lowered into a water bath maintained at a temperature of 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C. When the pad is completely wet, raise the pad and leave in a wire mesh basket for 30 seconds to drain. The amount of water remaining in the pad after 30 seconds is the amount absorbed. This value is divided by the mass of the pad to determine the absorption capacity and is expressed for the purposes of this specification as grams of water absorbed per gram of fiber. As used herein, the "absorption rate" of a tissue sheet is measured in a manner similar to the absorption capacity, except that the dimensions of the pad are 2.5 "x 2.5". The time taken from the time the pad is dropped into the aquarium until it becomes completely wet is the absorption rate, expressed in seconds. Higher numbers mean that the rate of water absorption is lower.

A method of making through-air dried tissue, generally in accordance with the present invention, is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,656,132 issued to Faminton et al. On Aug. 12, 1997 under the name "Soft Tissue." And US Pat. No. 5,672,248, issued Sep. 30, 1997 to Wendt et al., Entitled "Method of Manufacturing Soft Tissue Products", both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Which is incorporated herein by reference.

The tissue sheet useful for the purposes of the present invention can have one, two, three or more layers, and can be wet pressed, air dried, air dried without graining or wet molded dry. Can be done. They are facial tissue,
Although it can be used as bath tissue, paper towels, dinner napkins and the like, it finds greatest utility in roll product forms such as bath tissue and paper towels.

[0022] With reference to (DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE) detailed description drawing figures, the present invention will be described in more detail. FIG. 1 shows a method for producing a non-grained through-dry tissue sheet according to the invention. A twin-wire forming machine having a layered papermaking headbox 10 is shown which jets or deposits an aqueous suspension stream 11 of papermaking fibers between forming fabrics 12 and 13. The web adheres to the forming fabric 13 and carries the newly formed wet web downstream of the process, where the web is partially dewatered to a concentration of about 10 dry matter percent. While the web is held on the forming cloth, additional dewatering can be performed, such as by vacuum suction.

Next, the wet web is transferred from the forming cloth to the transfer cloth 17, and is transferred to the transfer cloth 1.
7 moves at a slower speed than the forming cloth to increase the machine direction (MD) elongation of the web. Light contact transfer is preferably performed with the aid of vacuum shoe 18 to avoid compression of the wet web. Based on the method used to provide the desired roll properties in accordance with the present invention, the carrier fabric is a tall and long embossed ridge, as generally described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,248 to Wen et al. The fabric can be Asen 934, 937, 939, 959, Al
It can have a smoother surface, such as a bay 94M or Appleton Mills 2164-B33. If a transport fabric is used to provide the sheet with a generally cross-machine bar, the transport fabric may be 199
On June 15, 3rd, under the name "Multilayer Paper Fabric with Bonded Warp", Chiu
Nos. 5,219,004 to U.S. Pat. No. 5,219,004, which are incorporated herein by reference. More specifically, referring to the transport fabric as shown in FIG. 6 of the Chu patent, the sheet side of the transport fabric is the side of the fabric having a long, generally cross-machine, elevated head created by the filaments 144. Yes, and the cross-machine rods of the sheet provided by the transport fabric coincide with the valleys formed between the cross-machine filaments 144.

Next, the web is transferred from the transfer cloth to the through-drying cloth 19 using a vacuum transfer roll 20 or a vacuum transfer shoe. The through-drying fabric can move at the same speed or at a different speed relative to the carrier fabric. If desired, the throughdrying cloth can be run at a slower speed to provide greater MD elongation.
The transfer is preferably performed with the aid of a vacuum, which ensures that the sheet conforms to the through-drying cloth and provides the desired bulk, flexibility, CD elongation and appearance. The through-drying fabric is preferably of the type having a tall and long embossed ridge as outlined by Wen et al.

The degree of vacuum used for web transfer can be about 3 to 15 inches of mercury (about 75 to about 380 millimeters of mercury), preferably about 10 inches of mercury (254 millimeters). The vacuum shoe (negative pressure) can be assisted or replaced by the use of positive pressure from the other side of the web, assisting the web to be sucked onto the next fabric in a vacuum, or alternatively, Sprayed on the cloth. A vacuum roll can also be replaced by a vacuum shoe.

While held on the through-drying cloth, the web is finally dried by a through-dryer 21 to a concentration of about 94 percent or more, and then transferred to a carrying cloth 22. The dried base sheet 23 is made of the transport cloth 22 and the transport cloth 2 used as needed.
5 to the reel 24. An optional pressure roll 26 can be used to facilitate the transfer of the web from the transport cloth 22 to the transport cloth 25. A suitable transport cloth for this purpose is Albany International.
onal 84M or 94M and Asten 959 or 937,
They are all relatively smooth cloths with fine patterns. Although not shown, reel calendering or subsequent off-line calendering can be used to improve the smoothness and softness of the base sheet.

2 and 3 have been described above in relation to roll bulk and roll stiffness. FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are plots comparing the properties of some of the commercially available products with the products of the present invention according to the examples described below.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are photographs of the dryer side of a non-grained through-dried tissue sheet (8A) manufactured according to the present invention and a similar sheet (8B) manufactured without using the present invention. . Referring to FIG. 8A, in the tissue sheet of the present invention, it is shown that parallel rows of raised pillow-like regions 85 running in the machine direction are interrupted by valleys 86 generally in the cross machine direction. In FIG. 8B, there is no structure substantially corresponding to the valley in the machine lateral direction. 9A and 9B are photographs of the sheet of FIGS. 8A and 8B on the air side, respectively. A rod-like projection 91 of a general CD is provided on the air side of the tissue sheet by a transport cloth.

FIG. 10 is a photograph of the sheet side of the Appleton Mills 2054-A33 transport cloth, which shows the air side of the sheet shown in FIGS. 8A and 9A according to one embodiment of the present invention. Used to provide a generally machine transverse rod-like projection.

FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are schematic diagrams illustrating steps of fabricating a fabric having an offset seam for the purposes of the present invention. First, as shown in FIG. 11A, the cloth 100 is laid flat to determine the degree of offset. As shown here, parallel offset lines 102 and 103 are drawn near the edge of the cloth. The angle of these lines with respect to the fabric edge represents the angle of offset of the fabric with respect to the machine direction.
The fabric is then formed into a continuous loop with the offset lines aligned as shown in FIG. 11B. Adjacent edges of the cloth are seamed. Excess fabric material is removed using a hot knife or other suitable means, leaving an offset fabric as shown in FIG. 11C. As a result of this method, the resulting fabric seam 104 is not orthogonal to the machine direction of the fabric.

[0031] EXAMPLES Example 1 creping without throughdrying tissue sheet is in connection with FIG. 1 were prepared as described above in accordance with the present invention. More specifically, a single layer of unlaminated towel tissue is made up of 50 dry matter percent northern softwood kraft fiber (NSWK);
Manufactured with a furnish containing 5% northern softwood bleached chemical heat treated fiber (BCTMP); 25% southern hardwood kraft fiber.

The NSWK fibers are pulped at a concentration of approximately 4% for 30 minutes, and after pulping approximately 3.
Diluted to 2%. The BCTMP and SHWK fibers were combined in a ratio of 50:50, pulped at a concentration of approximately 4% for 30 minutes, and diluted to approximately 3.2% after pulping. Kymene 557LX was added to both pulp streams in an amount of 10 kilograms per metric ton based on the total pulp flow. The NSWK fiber was refined at 1.0 horsepower-day per metric ton (0.75 kW day). These pulp streams were then mixed and diluted to a concentration of approximately 0.18%. The diluted suspension was used for Asten 867A and Applton Mills (AM, respectively).
C) wrap, twin wires comprising molding cloths 12 and 13 which are 2164 cloths;
The suction molding roll was led to the molding machine. The speed of both forming fabrics is 15 per minute.
62 feet (7.93 meters / second). The newly formed web is then evacuated to about 24% using vacuum suction from below the forming cloth before being transferred to a moving transfer cloth (17) at 1250 fpm (25% rush transfer). Dehydrated to a concentration. The transfer cloth is Appl using a coarse schematic machine transverse filament on the sheet side.
eton Mills 2054-A33 (see FIG. 10). A vacuum shoe suctioning at 6 inches (152 millimeters) of mercury was used to transfer the web to the carrier cloth.

The web was then transferred to an Appleton Mills t1205-1 through-air drying cloth (19). The through-drying cloth is approximately 1250 feet per minute (
(6.35 m / s). The web is about 350 ° F (177 ° C)
And dried to a final dryness of about 97% strength. The resulting non-wrinkled tissue sheet is 0.011 inch (0.2 mm) between two 20 inch (508 mm) diameter steel rolls.
8 mm) with a fixed gap and a diameter of 1.6
The final product roll was wound on an inch (40.6 millimeter) core.

The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.8 pounds (38.6 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2480 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2370 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 2
0.1 percent; CD extension, 9.0 percent; MD gradient, sample width 3 inches (
6.05 kilograms per 76.2 millimeters); CD gradient, 9.29 kilograms per 3 inches sample width (76.2 millimeters); geometric mean stiffness, 3.10
Single sheet thickness, 0.033 inches (0.84 millimeters); roll bulk, 16.7 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.16 millimeters;
Roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 40.1 square centimeters per gram; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, divided by single sheet thickness; 480 centimeters per gram; absorption capacity, fiber 6.1 grams of water per gram;
Absorption speed, 1.9 seconds; roll diameter, 5.19 inches (132 millimeters); roll length, 60.0 feet (18.3 meters).

Example 2 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 1. However, 50% NSWK, 25% BCTMP, and 25% northern hardwood kraft fiber (
1.5 hp per metric ton (1.1 kW)
Refined in a day, the through-drying cloth is Appleton Mills t1
205-2 fabric, and the resulting base sheet is 0.007 inch (0.1
(78 mm) with a fixed gap.

The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.4 pounds (38.1 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2540 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
1680 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
8.7 percent; CD extension, 10.3 percent; MD gradient, 5.43 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD gradient, 6.36 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width 2.8 geometric mean stiffness
4; single sheet thickness, 0.034 inches (0.86 mm); roll bulk, 17.1 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 7.1 millimeter; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 24.1 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness 2 per gram
80 centimeters; absorption capacity, 6.56 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 3.3 seconds; roll diameter, 5.20 inches (132 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters) ).

Example 3 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 2. However, the conveying cloth is Appleton Mills t1605-2 cloth, and the through-drying cloth is Applet which is staggered at a finish offset angle of 0.273 °.
ton Mills t1205-2.

The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
1.8 pounds (37.1 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2130 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
1970 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
7.5%; CD extension, 13.0%; MD gradient, 9.13 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD gradient, 5.06 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width ; Geometric mean stiffness, 3.3
1; single sheet thickness, 0.034 inch (0.86 mm); roll bulk, 19.4 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 5.85 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 33.2 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness; 390 centimeters per gram; absorption capacity, 6.78 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 2 .2 seconds; roll diameter, 5.43 inches (138 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters).

Example 4 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 3. However, the resulting base sheet was calendered with a fixed gap of 0.005 inches (0.127 millimeters). The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
1.6 pounds (36.7 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2250 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
1660 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
8.5%; CD extension, 11.8%; MD gradient, 8.98 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD gradient, 4.47 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width. ; Geometric mean stiffness, 3.2
8; single sheet thickness, 0.032 inch (0.81 mm); roll bulk, 19.1 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 6.20 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 30.8 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness; 380 centimeters per gram; absorption capacity; 6.83 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 2 Roll diameter, 5.35 inches (136 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters).

Example 5 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 3. However, NSWK is refined at 3.0 hp-day per metric ton (2.2 kW-day), Kymene 557LX is added at a rate of 12 kilograms per metric ton, and the transport cloth is Appleton Mills t216-3 cloth. And the resulting basesheet was calendered with a fixed gap of 0.005 inches (0.127 millimeters).

The resulting final product had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.2 pounds (37.8 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2870 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD tensile strength.
2460 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
8.3 percent; CD extension, 11.3 percent; MD gradient, 11.1 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD gradient, 6.20 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width. ; Geometric mean stiffness, 3.1
2; single sheet thickness, 0.029 inch (0.74 mm); roll bulk, 18.1 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.85 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 37.3 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness; 500 centimeters per gram; absorption capacity, 6.0 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 2 5.5 seconds; roll diameter, 5.32 inches (135 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters).

Example 6 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 5. However, the resulting base sheet was calendered with a fixed gap of 0.007 inches (0.178 millimeters). The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.3 pounds (37.9 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 3330 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2610 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 2
0.3%; CD extension, 11.7%; MD gradient, 10.9 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD gradient, 6.85 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width. ; Geometric mean stiffness, 2.9
2; single sheet thickness, 0.032 inch (0.81 mm); roll bulk, 19.3 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 5.0 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 38.6 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness 4 per gram
80 centimeters; absorption capacity, 6.14 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 2.5 seconds; roll diameter, 5.47 inches (139 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters) ).

Example 7 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 5. However, the transfer cloth was Appleton Mills 2054-A33. The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.1 pounds (37.6 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 3260 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2120 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
9.1 percent; CD extension, 9.4 percent; MD gradient, sample width 3 inches (
5.98 kilograms per 76.2 millimeters); CD gradient, 9.4 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; geometric mean stiffness, 2.85;
Single sheet thickness, 0.031 inches (0.79 mm); roll bulk, 17.6 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.90 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 35 per gram 0.9 square centimeters; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness; 46 per gram
0 cm; absorption capacity, 5.86 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 2.74 seconds; roll diameter, 5.24 inches (133 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters) ).

Example 8 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 7. However, the resulting base sheet was calendered with a fixed gap of 0.007 inches (0.178 millimeters). The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.3 pounds (37.9 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 3330 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2270 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
7.4%; CD extension, 10.5%; MD gradient, 6.6 kg per 3 inch (76.2 mm) sample width; CD gradient, 8.8 kg per 3 inch (76.2 mm) sample width. Geometric mean stiffness, 2.8; single sheet thickness, 0.032 inch (0.81 mm); roll bulk, 1 per gram
8.4 cubic centimeters; roll hardness 4.45 millimeters; roll bulk divided by roll hardness; 41.3 square centimeters per gram; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness. 510 per gram
Centimeter; absorption capacity, 5.98 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate,
3.0 seconds; roll diameter, 5.35 inches (136 millimeters); roll length;
62.5 feet (19.1 meters).

Example 9 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 7. However, the density of the molding machine was approximately 0.25%. The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.2 pounds (37.8 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2940 grams per 3 inch (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD tensile strength.
2210 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
6.5 percent; CD extension, 10.0 percent; MD gradient, 6.65 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD gradient, 8.50 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width. ; Geometric mean stiffness, 3.0
0; single sheet thickness, 0.030 inches (0.76 mm); roll bulk, 17.8 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.55 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 39.1 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness; 520 centimeters per gram; absorption capacity; 6.0 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate; .8 seconds; roll diameter, 5.28 inches (134 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters).

Example 10 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 9. However, the resulting base sheet was calendered with a fixed gap of 0.007 inches (0.178 millimeters). The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.3 pounds (37.8 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 3220 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2370 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
8.5%; CD extension 10.5%; MD gradient, sample width 3 inches (
6.06 kilograms per 76.2 millimeters); CD gradient, 8.67 kilograms per 3 inches sample width; geometric average stiffness, 2.63
Single sheet thickness, 0.033 inches (0.84 mm); roll bulk, 18.4 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.9 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, per gram 37.6 square centimeters; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness, 45 per gram
0 cm; absorption capacity, 5.89 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption speed, 2.8 seconds; roll diameter, 5.35 inches (136 millimeters); roll length, 62.5 feet (19.1 meters) ).

Example 11 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 2. However, the obtained base sheet was not calendered. The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
3.6 pounds (40.1 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2570 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2290 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
9.9 percent; CD extension, 12.6 percent; MD gradient, 8.98 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD gradient, 10.2 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width ; Geometric mean stiffness, 3.9
3; single sheet thickness, 0.045 inches (1.14 mm); roll bulk, 20.9 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.35 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 48.1 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness; 420 centimeters per gram; adsorption capacity, 6.56 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 3 Roll diameter, 5.95 inches (151 millimeters); roll length, 65.0 feet (19.7 meters).

Example 12 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 3. However, the obtained base sheet was not calendered. The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.5 pounds (38.3 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2600 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2410 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
9.6 percent; CD extension, 13.2 percent; MD gradient, 12.3 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD gradient, 8.74 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) sample width. ; Geometric mean stiffness, 4.1
3; single sheet thickness, 0.043 inches (1.09 mm); roll bulk, 23.2 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.9 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 47.3 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness 4 per gram
30 cm; adsorption capacity, 6.41 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 2.2 seconds; roll diameter, 6.1 inches (155 millimeters); roll length, 65.1 feet (19.7 meters) ).

Example 13 A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 7. However, the obtained base sheet was not calendered. The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.7 pounds (38.6 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 3430 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD tensile strength.
2620 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 2
1.6 percent; CD extension, 10.7 percent; MD gradient, 7.67 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; CD gradient, 14.2 kilograms per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width. ; Geometric mean stiffness, 3.4
6; single sheet thickness, 0.042 inches (1.07 mm); roll bulk, 2,7 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 4.40 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, 1 gram 49.2 square centimeters per unit; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness; 460 centimeters per gram; adsorption capacity; 5.98 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate; .8 seconds; roll diameter, 5.90 inches (150 millimeters); roll length, 63.5 feet (19.2 meters).

Example 14 (Control) A single layer towel was prepared as described in Example 1. However, the conveying cloth is AM2164-B33, and the obtained base sheet is 0.011 inch (
It was calendered with a fixed gap of 0.279 mm). The final product obtained had the following properties: basis weight, 2 per 2880 square feet
2.4 pounds (38.1 grams per square meter); MD tensile strength; 2670 grams per 3 inch (76.2 millimeters) sample width; CD tensile strength.
2170 grams per 3 inches (76.2 millimeters) of sample width; MD extension, 1
9.1 percent; CD extension, 9.0 percent; MD gradient, sample width 3 inches (
19.6 kilograms per 76.2 millimeters); CD gradient, 10.6 kilograms per 3 inches sample width (76.2 millimeters); geometric mean stiffness, 5.98.
Single sheet thickness, 0.033 inch (0.84 mm); roll bulk, 17.0 cubic centimeters per gram; roll hardness, 10.4 mm; roll bulk divided by roll hardness, per gram 16.3 square centimeters; roll bulk divided by roll hardness divided by single sheet thickness, 2 per gram
00 cm; adsorption capacity, 6.0 grams of water per gram of fiber; absorption rate, 2.0 seconds; roll diameter, 5.19 inches (132 millimeters); roll length, 60.0 feet (18.2 meters) ).

The foregoing embodiments have been set forth for the purpose of illustration and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. It should be understood that it is done.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for producing a through-dried tissue without graining according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical roll product, illustrating “roll bulk”.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus used for measuring “roll hardness”.

FIG. 4 shows a product of the invention (designated “I1”-“I13” corresponding to Examples 1-13), manufactured according to the method of the invention as described in Example 14 Control points (designated "Control") and various commercially available paper towels (designated "C1" or "C2", respectively, based on whether they are one- or two-ply products) 5 is a plot of roll bulk versus roll firmness for ()), showing the combination of high roll bulk and high roll firmness obtained with the product of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a plot of roll bulk / roll firmness versus single sheet thickness for the product of the present invention and various commercial paper towels at the data points shown in FIG.
9 illustrates the effect of the method of the present invention for obtaining a hard, large-volume roll with a tissue sheet of a given thickness.

FIG. 6 is a plot of roll bulk / roll stiffness versus geometric average stiffness, similar to FIGS. 4 and 5 above, where the soft (small stiffness) sheet can provide high bulk and stiffness. Shows the efficacy of the method.

FIG. 7 is a plot of the ratio of roll bulk / roll hardness / single sheet thickness to geometric average stiffness, similar to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 above, showing a high quality soft tissue sheet of a predetermined thickness. Figure 3 further illustrates the effect of the method of the present invention in which bulk and firmness are provided.

FIG. 8A is a photograph of the dryer side (top) of a non-grained through-dry tissue sheet made in accordance with the present invention, showing parallel rows of raised pillow-like regions in the machine direction, the rows of which are shown. Are interrupted by a generally machine valley provided to the sheet by the transport cloth.

FIG. 8B is a photograph of the dryer side (upper side) of a non-grained through-dried tissue sheet similar to that of FIG.

FIG. 9A is a photograph of the air side (lower side) of the sheet of FIG. 8A, and furthermore, a rod-like stamping die which is a bar-like protrusion on this side of the sheet provided by a conveying cloth to the tissue sheet. It is shown.

9B is a photograph similar to FIG. 9A on the air side (lower side) of the sheet of FIG. 8B.

FIG. 10 is a photograph on the sheet side of a transport cloth used to provide a bar-like protrusion on the air side of the sheet.

FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram of the steps involved in a method of making an offset seam for a fabric used in one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram of the steps following FIG. 11A involved in the method of making a fabric offset seam used in one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 11C is a schematic diagram of the step following FIG. 11B involved in the method of making an offset seam of a fabric used in one aspect of the present invention.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) // D21H 27/00 D21H 27/00 F (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE) , DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML) , MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, SD, SL, SZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD) , RU, TJ, TM), AE, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, E , ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA , UG, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW (72) Inventor Van Langen Edward Joseph 54914 Appleton Lamplighter Court, Wisconsin, USA 31F term (reference) 3F058 AA02 AB01 AC11 BB02 CA11 CA13 DB05 4L055 AA02 AA03 AC03 AC06 AJ05 BB03 BD03 BD06 BD07 BD20 BE20 CE36 CE83 CF23 CF26 EA10 FA16 GA29

Claims (32)

[Claims] A tissue roll having a roll bulk of 16 cubic centimeters or more per gram and a roll hardness of 8 millimeters or less per gram. 2. The tissue roll of claim 1, wherein said roll stiffness is about 7 millimeters or less. 3. The roll of tissue according to claim 1, wherein said roll stiffness is about 6 millimeters or less. 4. The roll of tissue according to claim 1, wherein the roll stiffness is from about 4 to about 7 millimeters. 5. The roll of tissue according to claim 1, wherein said roll bulk is about 17 cubic centimeters per gram or more, and said roll stiffness is about 6 millimeters or less. 6. The tissue of claim 1, wherein the roll bulk is about 17 cubic centimeters per gram to about 20 cubic centimeters per gram, and the roll stiffness is about 4 millimeters to about 7 millimeters. Roll. 7. A roll of tissue having a roll bulk / roll stiffness ratio of 20 square centimeters per gram or more and a single sheet thickness of about 0.02 to about 0.05 inches. 8. The roll of tissue according to claim 7, wherein the roll bulk / roll firmness ratio is about 25 square centimeters per gram or more. 9. The roll of tissue according to claim 7, wherein said roll bulk / roll firmness ratio is from about 25 to about 55 square centimeters per gram. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said single sheet thickness is between about 0.025 and about 0.040 inches. 11. A roll of tissue having a roll bulk / roll stiffness ratio of 20 square centimeters per gram or more and a geometric average stiffness of about 8 or less. 12. The roll of tissue according to claim 11, wherein the roll bulk / roll firmness ratio is about 25 square centimeters per gram or more. 13. The tissue roll of claim 11, wherein the roll bulk / roll firmness ratio is from about 25 to about 55 square centimeters per gram. 14. The roll of tissue according to claim 13, wherein said geometric average stiffness is about 5 or less. 15. The roll of tissue according to claim 13, wherein said geometric average stiffness is from about 2 to about 5. 16. A roll of tissue having a roll bulk / roll stiffness / single sheet thickness ratio of about 350 centimeters or more per gram, and a geometric average stiffness of about 8 or less. . 17. The tissue roll of claim 16, wherein the roll bulk / roll stiffness / single sheet thickness ratio is about 390 centimeters per gram or more. 18. The tissue roll of claim 16, wherein the roll bulk / roll stiffness / single sheet thickness ratio is about 430 centimeters per gram or more. 19. The roll of claim 1 wherein the roll bulk / roll stiffness / single sheet thickness ratio is from about 350 to about 550 centimeters per gram.
A roll of the tissue according to 6. 20. The tissue roll of claim 19, wherein said geometric average stiffness is from about 2 to about 5. 21. The tissue of claim 1, wherein said tissue has an absorption capacity of 5 grams or more of water per gram of fiber.
A roll of tissue according to any one of claims 1 and 16. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the tissue has an absorption rate of about 4 seconds or less. Tissue roll. 23. A through-dried tissue sheet having an air side and a dryer side, wherein the dryer side has a parallel discontinuous row of raised pillow-like regions in a generally machine direction, wherein the raised side has a raised side. A tissue sheet wherein the discontinuities in a row of pillow-like regions are general machine-lateral valleys that appear as general machine-lateral rod-like protrusions on the air side of the sheet. 24. A through-dried tissue sheet comprising substantially parallel rows of raised pillow-like regions extending at an angle of about 0.05 ° to about 2 ° with respect to the machine direction of the sheet. 25. The tissue sheet according to claim 24, wherein the angle is between about 0.05 ° and about 1 °. 26. The tissue sheet according to claim 24, wherein the angle is between about 0.1 ° and about 0.6 °. 27. A method of making a through-dried tissue sheet, comprising: (a) depositing an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers on a forming cloth to form a wet web; Dewatering the web to a concentration of about 20 to about 30 percent; and (c) transporting the dewatered web from the forming fabric at a speed that is about 10 to about 80 percent slower than the forming cloth. Transferring the web to a fabric; and (d) a through-drying fabric having an embossed ridge lifting the web from about 5 to about 300 per square inch by at least about 0.005 inches above the surface of the fabric. Transporting the web up and macroscopically rearranging the web to conform to the surface of the through-drying fabric; and (e) through-drying the web. Previous The method of claim 1 wherein the sheet side includes a cross-machine valley that provides a cross-machine bar-like protrusion on the air side of the tissue sheet. 28. A method of producing an air-dried tissue sheet, comprising: (a) depositing an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers on a forming cloth to form a wet web; Dewatering the web to a concentration of about 20 to about 30 percent; and (c) transporting the dewatered web from the forming fabric at a speed that is about 10 to about 80 percent slower than the forming cloth. Transferring the web to a fabric; and (d) a through-drying fabric having an embossed ridge lifting the web from about 5 to about 300 per square inch by at least about 0.005 inches above the surface of the fabric. Transporting the web up and macroscopically rearranging the web to conform to the surface of the through-drying fabric; and (e) through-drying the web; Has an offset seam at an angle of about 2 degrees or less with respect to the cross machine direction of the fabric. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein an angle of the offset seam is about 1 degree or less with respect to the cross machine direction of the sheet. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the angle of the offset seam is between about 0.05 and about 1 degree relative to the cross machine direction of the sheet. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein an angle of the offset seam is between about 0.1 and about 0.6 degrees with respect to the cross machine direction of the sheet. 32. A method of winding a roll of tissue from a tissue sheet having a normally shaped surface protrusion, wherein the rolls are wound while the surface protrusions of adjacent sheets in the roll are offset from each other. Rocking the roll from side to side, thereby reducing nesting and reducing the roll bulk / roll stiffness ratio compared to a roll of the same sheet material wound without rocking the roll. A method characterized by increasing.