JP2002503760A - Two-phase or multi-phase molded tablet - Google Patents

Abstract

  (57) [Summary] The present invention discloses a compact granular detergent / detergent two- or multi-phase detergent / detergent compact comprising a builder, a bleach, a bleach activator and optionally other detergent / detergent components. According to the present invention, optimal stability of the oxidizable substance can be achieved by physically separating the bleach activator from the oxidizable substance in the defined area of the molding.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates generally to detergent / cleaning tablets containing bleach. More particularly, the present invention relates to tablets containing bleach, such as laundry detergent tablets, dishwasher detergent tablets, bleach tablets, water softener tablets and the like.

[0002] Detergent / cleaning compositions in the form of tablets are well known in the art and have been widely disclosed in the prior art. However, tablets have not been particularly successful in the market. The reason for this is that, despite the various advantages of tablets, they have drawbacks that adversely affect the manufacture and use thereof, and the feeling of use by consumers. The key advantages of tablets are that they eliminate the need for consumers to weigh product doses, and that high density reduces packaging and shipping costs, as well as aesthetics. (This advantage should not be underestimated), but these advantages are offset by the following disadvantages: That is, tablets have conflicting problems that exist between acceptable hardness and sufficient disintegration / dissolution rates, and there are a number of technical problems in tablet manufacturing and packaging.

[0003] For example, special problems arise when mixing bleaches into detergent / detergent tablets, especially when introducing oxidation-sensitive active substances and auxiliaries into the tablets together with the bleaches. That is, the production of granular premix materials that are immiscible with one another with high compression forces results in high density tablets, but the components of such high density tablets are less than those of loosely packed powders. Contact more closely. Thus, on closer contact, the chemical immiscibility between the components can result in significantly less action than conventional powdered detergents.

For tablets containing bleach, the solution proposed in the prior art is to separate the bleach from other components that can affect its stability. This solution often addresses the separation of bleach and bleach activator.

[0005] For example, EP 481 792 (Unilever) discloses a detergent tablet comprising a persalt and a bleach activator, the bleach activator having a certain pseudo-primary setting of the perhydrolysis constant. It is necessary. The patent also teaches that the bleach should preferably be separated from components that would impair the stability of the bleach. This criterion is essential if the bleach is a peracid and a diacylated or polyacylated amine is used as the bleach activator.

[0006] EP 481 793 (Unilever) also discloses a detergent tablet comprising sodium percarbonate as a bleaching agent. Sodium percarbonate bleach is spatially separated from substances that can adversely affect its stability. The document mentions, in particular, the separation of bleach from bleach activators or substances which can react with the bleach in the washing process and cause a loss of bleaching activity.

[0007] EP 395 333 (Unilever) discloses a tablet detergent composition comprising sodium perborate and one or more substances selected from the group consisting of: diacylated or polyacylated Amine bleach activators, enzymes and optical brighteners. Note that the peracid is not separated from the above substances. The tablets disclosed in this document show stability without loss of bleach or enzyme activity.

[0008] According to the above prior art documents, the problem with the bleach stability of detergent tablets and the stability of oxidizable components is attributed to the contact of the bleach with the components. As a solution to such a problem, it has repeatedly been proposed to separate the bleach from the bleach activator or oxidizable components. However, none of the prior art documents discloses or suggests a method that simultaneously solves the problem of stability of oxidizable components and at the same time solves the loss of bleach activity in detergent tablets.

(Problem to be solved by the present invention) [0009] Therefore, a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a detergent / cleaning agent tablet capable of solving the above problems. In particular, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problem of stability of easily oxidizable components such as, for example, dyes, optical brighteners, fragrances and enzymes, and to reduce the loss of bleaching activity over a long period of time. It is to provide a detergent / cleaner that can even solve it.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, oxidizable substances are oxidized and destroyed in contact with the bleaching agent during the washing process, and the bleaching agent does not lose its activity. Has been found to result from contact between the bleach activator and oxidizable materials.

Accordingly, the present invention is a compressed granular detergent / detergent two- or multi-phase detergent / detergent tablet comprising a builder, a bleach, a bleach activator and optionally other detergent / detergent components. The bleach activator provides a tablet characterized by being spatially spaced from a substance that is easily oxidized (oxidation-sensitive substance) in a partitioned area of the tablet.

[0012] The detergent / detergent tablets of the present invention suffer from the problem of poor stability of both bleach and oxidisable materials, as they are destroyed and "consumed" by the bleach during the washing process. The problem can be solved by spatially separating the easily oxidizable components from the bleach activator.

In the tablet of the invention, the bleach activator and, if desired, other components which are less susceptible to oxidation are present in at least one spatially defined area. Such non-oxidation sensitive materials are selected, for example, from the group consisting of builders, cobuilders, surfactants, binders, disintegrants, complexing agents, and other components of the cleaning / cleaning composition.

[0014] Spatial partitioning of the bleach activator can be achieved in various ways.
That is, the compartmental area can assume the form of a separate layer, coating or a separate insert, while the oxidisable substance is deposited on another layer, another coating or core or main matrix of the tablet. Can exist. According to another possible method, relatively large granules or extrudates can be produced, which are protected by a coating and distributed over the tablet.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the compartment containing the bleach activator does not contain the bleach activator alone, but rather in the form of a mixture with other non-oxidation sensitive substances. I do. Suitable detergent / detergent tablets contain a bleach activator and other non-oxidation sensitive components of the detergent / detergent in the compartment area.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compartment the bleach activator is present and the builder and the ionic surfactant are present in at least the total amount of these substances present in the tablet. Present in some amounts. Particularly preferred detergent / detergent tablets are compartments containing, in addition to the bleach activator, one or more components selected from the group consisting of builders, cobuilders, surfactants, binders, disintegrants and complexing agents. Having. The present invention is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention to the following theory, but by separating the oxidizable material from the bleach activator according to the present invention, It is believed that such compounds will not significantly decompose in the absence of a bleach activator, despite the permeation of water or hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, if the bleach activator and the oxidizable substance are present in one and the same area, the transfer of water or hydrogen peroxide under the influence of this bleach activator will result in a significantly more active bleach chemical. (Eg, peracetic acid), and as a result, easily oxidizable substances will decompose. In this way, because hydrogen peroxide is consumed,
By the time the equilibrium concentration of hydrogen peroxide is re-established in the tablet, more hydrogen peroxide will decompose. According to the present invention, such a process can be prevented by separating the bleach activator from the easily oxidizable substance, so that the bleach activator itself does not move in the tablet, and It appears that the tendency to transfer even more active bleach chemicals, such as those produced by contact of bleach activators with hydrogen peroxide, is significantly reduced.

Suitable tablets are not formed from a mixture of powders, but are formed, at least in part, from mixtures of several granular types (compounds). First, the primary particles of the constituent components are aggregated to form secondary particles, which are then compressed to form tablets. The secondary particles containing the bleach activator are separated from the oxidizable material, thus preventing the formation of highly active bleach chemicals near the oxidizable material.

As used herein, the term “oxidizable material” refers to a material that can be oxidatively decomposed by hydrogen peroxide or a highly active bleach compound formed from hydrogen peroxide and a bleach activator. Substance. Such substances are
Specifically, dyes that can cause complete fading or unacceptable discoloration, fluorescent brighteners that can lose the whitening effect due to molecular decomposition, fragrances that can be oxidatively decomposed into odorless or even malodorous compounds, and oxidized When performed, it is an enzyme that no longer exhibits catalytic activity.

According to the present invention, such oxidizable substances are forcibly separated from the bleach activator by the presence of the bleach activator in the compartments of the tablet, while the oxidizable substances are: It can easily be in intimate contact with bleach without damage. The compartment containing the bleach activator
According to the present invention, the compartments (containing the bleach activator) preferably do not contain the bleach (s), although they may also contain bleach.

It should be noted that the fact that the compartment (containing the bleach activator) is preferably free of bleach means that the bleach is present in the compartment where the bleach is separated from substances other than the bleach activator. It doesn't mean you have to. As mentioned above, bleach is
Detergent / detergent tablets, which can be easily mixed with oxidizable substances, and thus where the bleach and oxidizable substance (s) are present together in one area of the tablet, It is suitable.

The essence of the present invention assumes that the tablet contains a substance that is easily oxidized. This is because the decomposition of such substances and the resulting loss of bleach activity must be prevented. Although these easily oxidizable substances have been described in detail as described above, the easily oxidizable substances can be selected from a group other than the above substances. However, dyes,
Suitable are detergent / cleaner tablets which contain one or more substances selected from the group consisting of optical brighteners, fragrances and enzymes.

Bleaching activators, bleaching catalysts and bleaching agents According to the present invention, bleaching activators are incorporated into tablets to improve their bleaching action when washing at a temperature of 60 ° C. or less. Can be. According to the present invention, the bleach activator can be present in a tablet area. Bleach activators which can be used are the perhydrolysis (perhydro lysis) conditions, aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids, preferably C _{1 ~ 10} (preferably C _{2 ~ 4)} aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids and And / or compounds that form unsubstituted or substituted perbenzoic acids. Substances containing O- and / or N-acyl groups and / or unsubstituted or substituted benzoyl groups having the stated number of carbon atoms are preferred. Suitable bleach activators include polyacylated alkylenediamines, especially tetraacetylethylenediamine (
TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycoluril, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N -Acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonates (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylation Polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-hydrofuran and the like.

In addition to or instead of the usual bleach activators, so-called bleach catalysts can be introduced into the tablets according to the invention. A bleach catalyst refers to a transition metal salt or a complex of a transition metal that enhances the bleaching action, such as a manganese-, iron-, cobalt-, ruthenium- or molybdenum-selenium complex or carbonyl complex. In addition, manganese complexes, iron complexes, cobalt complexes, ruthenium complexes, molybdenum complexes, titanium complexes, vanadium complexes, copper complexes and the like containing a nitrogen-containing tripod ligand, and cobalt-, iron-, copper- and ruthenium- Amine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.

According to the present invention, the bleach activator can also be present with a substance selected from the group consisting of catalytic metals. That is, the bleach catalyst can be present in a tablet compartment. The tablet of the present invention comprises 0.5 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight of one or more bleach activators or bleach catalysts, based on the total amount of the tablet. contains. Such dosages can vary depending on the use envisioned for the detergent tablet. That is, in a typical heavy duty detergent tablet, the content of the bleaching activator is usually 0.5 to 5% by weight,
Preferably it is 1 to 4% by weight, more preferably 2 to 3.5% by weight, but in bleach tablets it is present in higher amounts, for example 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 25% by weight, more preferably In an amount of 10 to 20% by weight. Those skilled in the art can freely carry out the formulation without limitation, and by changing the content of the bleaching activator and the bleaching agent, a relatively strong bleaching action to a relatively weak bleaching action can be achieved. Laundry detergent tablets, detergent tablets or bleach tablets can be produced as having.

A particularly suitable bleach activator is N, N, N ′, N′-tetraacetylethylenediamine, which is widely used as a detergent component. Accordingly, suitable detergent / detergent tablets contain such a tetraacetylethylenediamine as a bleach activator in the amounts described above.

To provide the required bleaching performance, the detergent tablets of the present invention contain one or more bleaching agents. Among the bleaching compounds that produce hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are:
Of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphate, citrate perhydrate and hydrogen peroxide producing persalts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, Diperazellaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdocanedioic acid. Further, according to the detergent tablet of the present invention, the content of the bleaching agent can be changed according to a desired product. The typical content is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight, more preferably 15 to 35% by weight, based on the total amount of the tablet. The bleach content in the tablet depends on the intended use for the tablet, as described above. That is, in a typical heavy duty detergent tablet, the bleach content is between 5 and 30 wt%, preferably between 7.5 and 25 wt%, more preferably between 12.5 wt% and 22.5 wt%. On the other hand, for bleach tablets or bleach accelerator tablets, the bleach content is between 15 and 50% by weight, preferably 22%.
. The amount is 5 to 45% by weight, more preferably 30 to 40% by weight.

Substances that are easily oxidized As described above, the substances that are easily oxidized are preferably selected from the group consisting of dyes, optical brighteners, fragrances and enzymes. Hereinafter, these substances will be described in more detail.

Dyes According to the present invention, the detergent tablets of the present invention can be colored with a suitable dye to improve the aesthetic appearance of the tablets. Suitable dyes can be selected without difficulty by those skilled in the art, which exhibit high storage stability, are not adversely affected by other ingredients and light in the tablet detergent, and have a It does not show significant dyeability and therefore does not dye such fibers. Since the tablet of the present invention is a multi-phase tablet, it is important to color each phase to emphasize the difference in the active properties between each phase. The effect of such coloring is
For example, it is widely known as a dental cleaning composition.

According to the present invention, any dye which can be oxidatively decomposed in the washing process and a mixture of such a dye and a blue dye (so-called bluing agent) are preferably used in the tablet of the present invention. Can be used. Soluble in water-soluble or liquid organic substances (
It has been found to be advantageous to use a dye (at room temperature). Suitable dyes are, for example, anionic dyes, for example anionic nitroso dyes. One possible dye is, for example, naphthol green (Color Index (CI), Part 1: Acid Green 1, Part 2: 10020) (commercially available, for example, BASF (Ludwig)
Shafen) (commercially available as Basacid® Gruen 970) and mixtures of the dyes with suitable blue dyes. Other suitable dyes are shown below: Pigmosol® Blau 6900 (CI74160), Pigmosol® Gruen 8730 (CI74260), Basonyl (
(Registered trademark) Rot 545FL (CI45170), Sandolan (registered trademark) Rhodamin EB400 (CI45100), Ba
sacid® Gelb 094 (CI47005), Sicovit® Patentblau 85E131 (CI42
051), Acid Blue 183 (CAS12217-22-0, CI Acid Blue 183), Pigment Blue 15 (CI741
60), Supranol® Blau GLW (CAS12219-32-8, CI Acid Blue 221), Nylosan® Gelb N-7GL SGR (CAS61814-57-1, CI Acid Yellow 218), and / or S
andolan® Blue (CI Acid Blue 182, CAS 12219-26-0).

In choosing a dye, it is important to ensure that the dye does not have excessive affinity for the surface of the textile, especially for the surface of synthetic fibers. Another factor to consider in choosing an appropriate dye is that the dyes have different stability to oxidation. Generally speaking, water-insoluble dyes are more stable to oxidation than water-soluble dyes. The concentration of the dye in the detergent varies according to its solubility, and thus oxidation sensitivity. Was dissolved in water easily dyes, e.g., the above-mentioned Basacid (R) Gruen and Sandolan (TM) For Blue, a dye concentration in the range of a few 10 ^-2 to 10 ^-3% by weight is generally chosen. In contrast, in the case of pigmentary dyes which are particularly preferred in terms of lightness but are not readily soluble in water, such as the Pigmosol® dyes mentioned above, suitable dye concentrations in detergents / cleaners are typically Is on the order of several 10 ^-3 to 10 ^-4 % by weight.

Fluorescent Whitening Agent The tablet of the present invention can contain a fluorescent whitening agent selected from the group consisting of a derivative of diaminostilbene disulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof as a substance that is easily oxidized. Suitable optical brighteners are, for example, salts of 4,4′-bis- (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, Or a compound having a similar structure and having a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group, or a 2-methoxyethylamino group instead of the morpholino group. Substituted diphenylstyryl type brighteners can also be used, for example, 4,4'-bis- (2-
Examples thereof include alkali metal salts of sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis- (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '-(2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Is done. Mixtures of the above whitening agents can also be used.

In the tablet of the present invention, the optical brightener is used in an amount of 0.01% based on the total amount of the tablet.
It can be used at a concentration of 11% by weight, preferably 0.05-0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.1-0.25% by weight.

According to the perfume present invention, perfume is added to the detergent tablet improves the aesthetic effect that is formed by the product, thereby consumers to not only wash characteristics required,
Visually and sensorially "typical, non-failure" products can be provided. Suitable perfume oils or fragrances are exemplified by perfuming compounds such as esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbon-based compounds. Typical ester-based flavoring compounds are benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, acetic acid
pt-butylcyclohexyl, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbyl acetate,
Phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styralyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. Benzyl ethyl ether is exemplified as an ether-based flavoring compound. As perfuming compounds of the aldehyde, the linear alkanals of C _{8 ~ 18,} citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxy citronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, and the like. Suitable ketone-based compounds are ionone, α-isomethylionone, and methylseryl ketone. Examples of the alcohol compound include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol, terpineol, and the like. Examples of the hydrocarbon compound include terpenes such as limonene and pinene, among others. Preferably, however, a mixture of different fragrances is used, which together produce an attractive aroma. Such perfume oils can include natural flavor mixtures such as those obtained from plant sources, examples of which include pine oil, citrus oil, jasmine oil, patchouli oil, rose oil, ylang ylang oil and the like. . Preferred are sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, balsam oil, mint oil, cinnamon oil, lime-blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olive oil, galvanum oil, labodanum oil, orange brossam oil , Neroli oil, orange peel oil,
Sandalwood oil and the like are exemplified.

The detergent / detergent tablet perfume content of the present invention is usually up to 2% by weight of the total tablet. Perfumes can be directly incorporated into the tablets of the present invention. In another advantageous embodiment, the fragrance is applied to a carrier which enhances the attachment of the fragrance to the laundry, and the slow release of the fragrance ensures long-lasting perfume on the laundry. An example of a suitable carrier material is cyclodextrin, in which case the cyclodextrin / perfume complex can optionally be coated with other auxiliaries.

Enzymes Suitable enzymes are selected from the group consisting of proteolytic enzymes (proteases), lipolytic enzymes (lipases), starch hydrolases (amylases), cellulases and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred enzymatically active ingredients are those obtained from bacterial or fungal strains, such as Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis).
Subtilis), Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus, and the like. Subtilisin-based proteolytic enzymes are preferably used, and Bacillus lentus (Bacillus) is used.
lentus) are particularly preferred. Of particular interest in this connection are enzyme mixtures, such as mixtures of proteolytic enzymes and starch hydrolases, mixtures of proteolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes, mixtures of proteolytic enzymes and cellulases, and cellulases and fats. Examples thereof include a mixture with a protease, a mixture of a protease, a starch and a lipolytic enzyme, and a mixture of a protease, a lipolytic enzyme and a cellulase. Particularly preferred is a mixture containing cellulase. In some cases, peroxidases (peroxidases) and oxidases (oxidases) have also proven suitable.

[0036] The enzyme can be absorbed by a carrier substance and / or encapsulated by a membrane material, thereby protecting the enzyme from premature degradation. The proportion content of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules may be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the tablet weight.

Spatial Separation As used herein, the term "spatial separation" means that a separate layer, coating, or individual insert containing the bleach activator is capable of completely eliminating oxidizable materials as described above. Means not included. As mentioned above, this forms, for example, independent secondary granules containing only non-oxidation sensitive substances independently of the bleach activator;
This can be achieved by tableting such secondary granules, then after being mixed with other components and / or compounds. It is also possible to produce two-layer or multi-layer tablets in which only one layer contains the bleach activator. In this case, a substance that is easily oxidized can be used in other layers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tablet compartments can be in the form of different layers, coatings or individual inserts, with multilayer tablets being particularly suitable. Therefore, various three-dimensional forms can be considered as each phase of the tablet of the present invention. As already mentioned, the simplest form is a two-layer or multi-layer tablet in which each layer of the tablet is a phase. However, it is also possible in accordance with the invention to produce multi-phase tablets, where the individual phases are considered to be contained in other phases.
For example, so-called "ring / core tablets", jacket tablets or combinations of the embodiments described above are possible. An example of a polyphasic tablet can be found in the drawing of EP-A-0 055 100 (Jeyes) which describes a toilet cleaning block. Currently, the most widespread form of multiphase tablets are bilayer or multilayer tablets.

Builders, Surfactants and Disintegrants In addition to the ingredients described above, the detergent tablets of the present invention may contain other ingredients in amounts determined by the intended use of the tablet. That is, substances selected from the group consisting of surfactants, builders and polymers are particularly suitable for use in the tablets of the present invention. One skilled in the art can easily select each component and its dose without difficulty. For example, heavy duty detergents contain relatively high amounts of surfactant, while bleach tablets may not contain any surfactant. Builder doses can also vary depending on the intended use.

Builders According to the detergent / detergent tablets of the present invention, any builder commonly used in detergents / detergents can be used, especially zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders. Phosphates can be used as well, as long as they are not ecologically damaging.

A suitable crystalline layered sodium silicate has the formula: Na ₂ MSi _x O _{2x + 1} yH ₂ O Wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, y is a number from 0 to 20, and a preferred value for x is 2, 3 or 4. Crystalline sheet silicates of this kind are described, for example, in European Patent Application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the above formula are those wherein M is sodium and x is a number of 2 or 3. Particularly preferably, both β- and δ-sodium silicates of the formula Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ yH ₂ O are used, and β-sodium silicate can be obtained by methods described in the literature. (See, for example, WO-A-91 / 08171).

Other useful builders include a coefficient (ratio of Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ ) of about 1: 2 to about 1: 3.3, preferably about 1: 2 to 1: 2.8, more preferably about 1: 2. Amorphous sodium silicate having a 2-1: 2.6, which exhibits multiple wash cycle properties due to delayed dissolution. In the prior art amorphous sodium silicate, delayed dissolution can be obtained in various ways, such as surface treatment, compounding treatment, compression or overdrying. The term "amorphous" as used herein refers to X-ray amorphous. That is, the silicate is X
In a line diffraction experiment, it did not show any sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline materials,
At best, they show only one or more maxima of scattered X-rays with a range of diffraction angles of several degrees. However, particularly good builder properties can be achieved in electron diffraction experiments, even when the silicate particles form a bent or sharp diffraction maximum. This means that the size of the product crystallite area is 10 to several hundred n
m (up to 50 nm), the dimensions of which are particularly preferably up to 20 nm. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates exhibiting dissolution properties which are slower than ordinary water glass are described in DE-A-44 00 024. Compressed amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.

The synthetic zeolite containing microcrystals and bound water that can be used in the present invention is preferably zeolite A and / or P. Commercially available zeolite MAP® (Crosfield)
Is a particularly preferred zeolite P. However, zeolites X and mixtures of zeolites A, X and / or P are also suitable. A eutectic of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) is also suitable for the present invention, for example, as a commercial product (VEGOBOND AX®, CONDEA Augusta S. p. A.) And the formula:
_{nNa 2 O · (1-n} ) k 2 O · Al 2 O 3 · (2-2.5) SiO 2 · (3.5-5.5) represented by H ₂ O.

Zeolites can be used as builders in granular compound compositions and also as powdering agents for the mixtures themselves to be compressed. Usually, zeolites are incorporated into the premix in these two aspects. Suitable zeolites are
It has an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution measured by the Coulter Counter Method) and preferably contains 18 to 22% by weight, more preferably 20 to 22% by weight of bound water.

The known phosphates can of course be used as builder substances, provided they are ecologically sound. Preferred phosphate builders are sodium salts such as orthophosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid, and particularly preferred phosphate builders are sodium salts of tripolyphosphoric acid.

The dose of the builder is generally between 10 and 70% by weight, preferably between 15 and 60% by weight, more preferably between 20 and 50% by weight. As mentioned above, the amount of builder used depends on the intended use, and bleach tablets are used, for example, at the dose of detergent tablets (usually 10-50% by weight).
Builder (e.g., 20-70% by weight, preferably 25-65% by weight, more preferably 30-55% by weight), preferably 12.5-45% by weight, more preferably 17.5-37.5% by weight. %
).

Useful organic builders, provided that they are ecologically safe for use, for example,
Useful polycarboxylic acids (eg in the form of the sodium salt), examples of carboxylic acids include citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, benzenehexacarboxylic acid, saccharide acids such as gluconic acid, aminocarboxylic acid Acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and mixtures thereof. Suitable salts are those of polycarboxylic acids, examples of carboxylic acids include citric, adipic, succinic, glutaric, tartaric, saccharide acids and mixtures thereof.

Surfactant The detergent / detergent tablet of the present invention exhibits an anionic,
Non-ionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof can be included. From the viewpoint of performance, a mixture of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant is preferred. The total surfactant content of the tablet is
It is 5 to 60% by weight, preferably more than 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the tablet.

Anionic surfactants Suitable anionic surfactants are, for example, sulfonate type surfactants and sulfate ester type surfactants. Suitable anionic surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C ₉ -C ₁₃ alkylbenzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates (ie a mixture of alkene sulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates),
And a disulfonic acid salt, which may, for example, using a C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ monoolefins having a double bond at the internal and terminal, which was sulfonated with sulfur trioxide gas, then the resulting sulfonation products The product can be obtained by alkali hydrolysis or acid hydrolysis. Other suitable sulfonate-type surfactants, with C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ alkanes,
This is, for example, an alkane sulfonate obtained by sulfochlorination or sulfonation followed by hydrolysis or neutralization. Further, esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates) such as hydrogenated coconut oil, palm kernel oil or tallow fatty acid α
-Sulfonated methyl esters are also suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulphonated fatty acid glycerol esters. As used herein, the term "fatty acid glycerol ester" is obtained by esterifying monoglycerol with 1-3 mol of fatty acids or transesterifying triglycerol with 0.3-2 mol of glycerol. Such monoesters, diesters and triesters and mixtures thereof. Suitable sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of C _{6 ~ 22} saturated fatty acids, as the saturated fatty acids include caproic acid, caprylic acid,
Examples thereof include capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and behenic acid.

Suitable alkyl (alkenyl) sulfates are the alkali metal salts, especially the sodium salts, of sulfuric acid semiesters of fatty alcohols,
C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example, coconut oil fatty alcohols, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol and the like,
Further, C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and secondary alcohols having the same chain length are exemplified.
Other suitable alkyl (alkenyl) sulphates are those having the above-mentioned chain length and containing synthetic straight-chain alkyl chains of petrochemical systems and exhibiting similar disintegration behavior to the corresponding compounds of fat and oil chemistry raw material systems. It is. C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates, C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are especially preferred in view of the washing performance. Other suitable anionic surfactants are 2,3-alkyl sulfates, for example,
It can be manufactured by the method described in US 3,234,258 or US 5,075,041 and has the registered trademark DAN (S
hell Oil Company).

Also, a linear or branched chain ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide (EO)
Sulfuric acid monoesters of C ₇ -C ₂₁ alcohols, such as sulfuric acid monoesters of 2-methyl branched C ₉ -C ₁₁ alcohols (EO average 3.5 mol) or C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols (EO1
~ 4 mol) are also suitable. Due to their high foaming capacity, such surfactants are used only in relatively small doses in detergents, for example in doses of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are salts of alkyl sulfosuccinates, which are also known as sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinates. The surfactant comprises a sulfosuccinic acid and an alcohol (preferably a fatty alcohol, especially an ethoxylated fatty alcohol).
And a monoester and / or a diester. Suitable sulfosuccinates, C ₈ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof are exemplified. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates comprise fatty alcohol residues derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which, by themselves, can also be referred to as nonionic surfactants (see description below). And). Of these sulfosuccinates, those whose fatty alcohol residues are obtained from a narrow range of ethoxylated fatty alcohols are particularly preferred. Alkyl (alkenyl) succinic acids having preferably an alkyl (alkenyl) chain having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and salts thereof can also be used.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are, in particular, soaps. Particularly suitable soaps are those of saturated fatty acids, such as salts of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, hydrogenated erucic and behenic acids, and especially natural fatty acids,
For example, soap mixtures obtained from coconut oil, palm kernel oil or tallow fatty acids.

Anionic surfactants, including soaps, can be present in the form of sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and can be present in the form of soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono, di or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactant can preferably be present in the form of a sodium and / or potassium salt, particularly preferably in the form of a sodium salt.

Nonionic surfactants Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated (preferably ethoxylated) alcohols, especially primary alcohols. It consists preferably of alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) per mol of alcohol,
The alcohol residue may be straight-chain or suitably 2-methyl-branched, or may have a mixture of straight-chain and methyl-branched groups as in conventional oxo alcohol residues. However, alcohol ethoxy having linear groups of naturally occurring _C12-18 alcohols (eg coconut fatty alcohol, palm oil fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol or oleyl alcohol) and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol Rates are particularly preferred. Suitable ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohol + 3EO or 4EO, C _9-11 alcohol + 7EO,
C _13-15 alcohol + 3EO, 5EO, 7EO or 8EO, C _12-18 alcohol + 3EO, 5 EO or 7 EO, and mixtures thereof (e.g., a C _12-14 alcohol + 3EO, a mixture of C _12-18 alcohol + 7 EO) is exemplified Is done. The degree of ethoxylation is a statistical mean, which may be an integer or a fraction for a particular product. Suitable alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NR
E). In addition to such nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols having an EO greater than 12 as described above may also be used. An example is (tallow) fatty alcohol + 14EO
, 16EO, 20EO, 25EO, 30EO or 40EO.

In addition, examples of further nonionic surfactants include alkyl glycosides represented by the formula: RO (G) _x . In the formula, R is a primary, linear or methyl-branched (particularly, 2-methyl-branched) aliphatic group (having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms);
It is a glucose unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably a glucose unit). The degree of oligomerization x indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, and is a numerical value of 1 to 10, preferably 1.2 to 1.4.

Other suitable non-ionic surfactants can be used alone or in combination with other surfactants and can be alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated / propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters (preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain), particularly fatty acid methyl esters (for example, esters described in Japanese Patent Application No. 58/217598, preferably esters prepared by the method described in WO-A-90 / 13533). .

Further, amine oxide type nonionic surfactants are also suitable, and examples thereof include N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, In addition, nonionic surfactants of the fatty acid alkanolamide type are also suitable. The dose of such non-ionic surfactant is preferably lower than the dose of ethoxylated fatty alcohol, more preferably less than half.

Another suitable surfactant is a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide represented by the following formula (I).

Embedded image In the above formula, RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ is hydrogen, an alkyl group or a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and [Z] is 3 to 10 carbon atoms / the number of hydroxyl groups.
3 to 10 linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl groups. Polyhydroxyfatty acid amides can be obtained by reductive amination of reducing sugars with ammonia, alkylamines or alkanolamines, followed by acylation with fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters or fatty acid chlorides.

As a group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, compounds represented by the following formula (IV) are exemplified.

Embedded image In the above formula, R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms,
R ¹ is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or aryl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms,
R ² is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or aryl group or oxyalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably a C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl group or a phenyl group, and [Z] is an alkyl chain A linear polyhydroxyalkyl group substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or an alkoxylated (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) derivative thereof.

[0061] Suitably, [Z] may be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar (eg, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose). The N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy-substituted compound is then converted to the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amide by reacting it with a fatty acid methyl ester in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst, for example according to International Patent Application WO-A-95 / 07331. can do.

According to the present invention, suitable detergent / detergent tablets are tablets containing anionic and non-ionic surfactants. From a performance point of view, these surfactants are advantageously used in a predetermined ratio.

For example, in a particularly preferred detergent / detergent tablet, the ratio of anionic surfactant / nonionic surfactant is from 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably 7.5: 1 to 1: 5, More preferably, it is 5: 1 to 1: 2.

Advantageously, from a performance point of view, certain surfactants are not present in certain phases of the tablet or in the whole tablet (ie all phases). According to one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one phase of the tablet does not comprise a non-ionic surfactant.

In the opposite mode, a positive effect can be obtained by allowing a predetermined surfactant to be present in each phase of the tablet, that is, in all phases. The introduction of the above-mentioned alkylpolyglycosides has proven to be particularly advantageous. Thus, preferred detergent / detergent tablets have at least one phase containing an alkyl polyglycoside.

As with the non-ionic surfactants, the absence of the anionic surfactant in each or all phases can result in tablets that are more suitable for certain applications. Thus, according to the invention, detergent / detergent tablets in which at least one phase is free of anionic surfactant are also possible.

[0067] According to the disintegrant present invention, disintegrant (for so-called tablet disintegrators) was incorporated into the high-compression tablet, to promote disintegration of the tablet, it is possible to shorten the disintegration time. Reference [Roempp (9th edition, Vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voight "Lehrbuch der pharma
According to Zeutischen Technologie "(6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184), tablets or disintegrants can rapidly disintegrate tablets into water or gastric juice to absorb pharmaceutically active ingredients. It is an auxiliary agent for releasing in a suitable form.

The disintegrant as described above can increase its capacity by invasion of water. That is, on the one hand the volume of the disintegrant itself is increased (swelling) and on the other hand a pressure is created by the release of gas, which causes the tablet to disintegrate and form relatively small particles. A well-known disintegrant is the carbonate / citric acid system, but other organic acids can be used. Swellable disintegrants are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers and / or modified natural substances, such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginate or casein derivatives.

Suitable tablets for laundry detergents or cleaning products contain one or more disintegrants, the dosage of which is 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3%, based on the tablet weight. 77% by weight, especially 4-6% by weight.

According to the invention, suitable disintegrants mean cellulosic disintegrants. Accordingly, suitable detergent / detergent tablets comprise this type of cellulosic disintegrant, the dosage of which is 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight, in particular 4 to 6% by weight. is there. Pure cellulose has the empirical formula: (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n , formally called cellobiose β-1,4-polyacetal, and is composed of two glucose molecules. Suitable celluloses are composed of about 500 to 5,000 glucose units, and thus have an average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000. According to the present invention, cellulose derivatives starting from cellulose and obtained by a polymerization analog reaction can also be suitably used as the cellulosic disintegrant. Examples of such a chemically modified cellulose include an esterification or etherification reaction product obtained by substituting a hydrogen atom of hydroxy. However, cellulose in which a hydroxy group is substituted by a functional group to which an oxygen atom is not bonded can also be used as a cellulose derivative. Examples of this group of cellulose derivatives include alkali metal cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocellulose.

The above-mentioned cellulose derivative is preferably used alone in a form of a mixture with cellulose without using it as a cellulosic disintegrant. The content of the cellulose derivative in the mixture is preferably less than 50% by weight, more preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the cellulosic disintegrant. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, pure cellulose without cellulose derivatives is used as cellulosic disintegrant.

The cellulose used as disintegrant is preferably not used in particulate form, but instead may be granulated or compressed before mixing into the premix to be compressed. To a relatively coarse particle form. The detergent / detergent tablets contain the disintegrant in granular form or optionally in co-granulated form as described in the following literature: DE 197 09 991 (Stefan Herzog), DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and
PCT / EP 98/1203 (Henkel). These references disclose details about the preparation of granulated, compressed or co-compressed cellulose disintegrants. The particle size of such disintegrants is
At least 90% by weight thereof usually exceeds 200 μm, preferably 300 to 1,600 μm, especially 400 μm.
It is in the range of 1,1,200 μm. The relatively coarse particle cellulose-based disintegrants described in the present specification and the above-mentioned patent documents are suitable for use as the disintegrant of the present invention, and these are commercially available products (for example, registered trademark: Arbocel TF-30). -HG, Rettenmaier).

Further, microcrystalline cellulose can be used as the cellulosic disintegrant or one component of the disintegrant. This microcrystalline cellulose can only attack the amorphous regions and completely dissolve the amorphous regions, while partially hydrolyzing the cellulose under conditions that do not alter the crystalline regions (about 70%) ( About the total weight of cellulose
30%). Subsequent non-agglomeration of the microcrystalline cellulose formed by the hydrolysis results in microcrystalline cellulose having a primary particle size of about 5 μm, which can be compressed to particles having an average particle size of 200 μm, for example.

The detergent / detergent tablets of the present invention comprise a disintegrant, preferably a cellulosic disintegrant, preferably in granular, co-granulated or compressed form, the dosage of the disintegrant being that of the tablet weight. Based on 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight, especially 4 to 6% by weight.

Other Detergent / Detergent Components In addition to the bleach activators, bleaches, oxidizable materials, surfactants, builders and disintegrant components described above, the detergent / detergent tablets of the present invention can be used in detergent / detergent applications. For the agent composition, other representative components can be included, the other representative components consisting of a foam control agent, silicone oil, a redeposition inhibitor, a discoloration inhibitor, a dye transfer inhibitor, and an anticorrosive. Selected from the group.

Soil Release Agent In addition, the detergent / detergent tablets of the present invention can contain components that facilitate the removal of grease from textiles by washing (so-called soil release agents). This accelerating effect is particularly evident when textiles already containing such an oil-soluble component and already repeatedly washed with the tablets according to the invention become soiled. Suitable anti-redeposition agents include nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose (15-30% by weight of methoxy groups and 1-15% by weight, respectively, based on the amount of nonionic cellulose ether). (Including hydroxypropyl groups), and known phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid polymers and their derivatives, especially polymers of ethylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalate and their anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives. Is exemplified. Of these, the sulphonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.

General Tablet Manufacturing Method The detergent / cleaning tablets of the present invention are manufactured by placing the mixture to be tableted into a cavity of a press and compressing it. Tablet manufacturing (hereafter,
It is simply called “tablet”. In the simplest case), the mixture to be compressed is compressed directly (ie, without prior granulation). This so-called direct compression method is simple and cost-effective. This is because no other steps (and thus no additional equipment) are required. However, such advantages are offset by the following disadvantages. For example, a powder mixture to be compressed directly needs sufficient plastic deformation properties and good flow properties. In addition, the powder mixture should not show any tendency for phase separation during storage, transport, filling of dies, and the like. Unfortunately, for many mixtures, these three requirements can only be achieved with significant difficulty. For this reason, the direct compression method, especially for the production of detergent / cleaning tablets, is hardly adopted. That is, the usual method of manufacturing detergent / detergent tablets starts with a fine powder component ("primary particles"), which is conventionally agglomerated or granulated to form larger size secondary particles. I do. The granules or granule mixture obtained are then mixed with the respective powder-form additives and the mixture is compressed. Depending on the composition of the multiphase detergent / detergent tablet, the die is filled with different premixes in several stages. In multiphase tablet production, between each premix filling operation,
Light pressing is advantageous for the next step. In the manufacture of ring / core or jacket tablets, such pre-compression and forming / molding steps are almost essential.

The preferred detergent / detergent tablets of the present invention are obtained by tableting a granular premix comprising at least one surfactant-containing granule and at least one post-added powder-forming component. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant-containing granules can be produced by standard granulation methods, for example mixers, pan granulation, fluid bed granulation, extrusion, pelletizing or compression. . For later detergent / detergent tablets, it is advantageous for the bulk density of the premix to be compressed to approach that of a conventional compressed detergent. Particularly preferably, the bulk density of the premix to be tableted is at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l, especially 700 g / l.
It is a numerical value exceeding l. Another advantage can be obtained by using surfactant granules having a relatively narrow particle size distribution. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
The particle size of the surfactant-containing granules is 100 to 4,000 μm, preferably 100 to 2,000 μm, more preferably 600 to 1,400 μm.

Premix Powdering According to the present invention, the premix can be "pulverized" with a particulate surface treatment prior to compressing the granular premix to form a detergent / cleaner tablet. . This is advantageous for the quality / physical properties of both the premix (storage, tableting) and the final detergent / detergent tablet. Fine particle powdering agents have been conventionally known, and usually, inorganic salts such as zeolite and silicate are employed. Preferably, however, the premix is pulverized with fine-particle zeolites, preferably faujasite-type zeolites.

Faujasite- type zeolite As used herein, the term “faujasite-type zeolite” refers to all three zeolites that constitute the faujasite subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 [Don
ald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", Jhon Wieley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974, p. 92]. Thus, according to the invention, in addition to zeolite X, zeolite Y and faujasite and mixtures of these compounds can also be used, but zeolite X alone is preferred. The co-crystallized mixture of the hojasite-type zeolite and another zeolite does not necessarily belong to the zeolite structure group 4, but can be used in the present invention. In this case, it is advantageous for at least 50% of the zeolite component to consist of faujasite-type zeolites.

According to the present invention, preferably, the detergent / detergent tablet is composed of a granular premix, which comprises the granule component and the post-mix powder formation. In this case, the post-mixed powder-forming component is a faujasite-type zeolite, the particle size of which is less than 100 μm, preferably less than 10 μm, especially less than 5 μm, and the dose of the premix to be compressed It is at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, in particular more than 1% by weight.

Post-treatment component The fine-particle post-treatment component having the above-mentioned particle size can be dry-mixed with the premix to be tableted. However, it is also possible and preferred that the component can be deposited on the surface of relatively coarse particles by adding a small amount of a liquid component. Such pulverization methods are described in numerous documents and are well known to those skilled in the art.
A liquid component suitable as an adhesion promoter for the powdering agent is, for example, a surfactant such as a nonionic surfactant or an aqueous solution thereof. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as a liquid component for promoting adhesion between the powdering agent and the coarse particle component,
Perfumes can be used.

Method for Preparing Tablets The tablets of the present invention are prepared by first dry-mixing the components of the phases (all or some of which may be pre-granulated) and then shaping / forming, especially punching, the resulting mixture. Manufactured by locking. To make the tablets of the present invention, the premix is compressed between two punches in a die to form a solid compact. Hereinafter, this step is referred to as a tableting step for simplicity, and comprises four steps (weighing, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation, and ejection).

The tableting process can be carried out on a commercial tableting press, which is generally equipped with single or double punches. In the latter case, not only is the upper punch used to form the compression force, but the lower punch also moves toward the upper punch during the tableting process, and the upper punch compresses downward. For small-scale production, an eccentric press for tablets is preferably employed. In this press, a punch is fixed to an eccentric disk, which is mounted around a shaft that rotates at a predetermined speed. Such a punch movement is comparable to the operation of a normal four-stroke engine.
Tableting can be performed by upper punch and lower punch, but some punches
It can be fixed to a single eccentric disk, in which case the number of die holes is correspondingly increased.
Depending on the type of eccentric press, the throughput varies from several hundred up to 3,000 tablets / hour.

For large-scale production, a rotary tablet press is generally employed. In a rotary tablet press, a relatively large number of dies are arranged on a circular die table. The number of dies varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, but more dies are commercially available. The upper punch and the lower punch communicate with each die on the die table, and the tablet compression force is effectively formed by both the punches as well as the upper punch or the lower punch as described above. The die table and punch move about a common vertical axis, and the punch is carried by curved guide rails to the location of the filling, compression, plastic deformation and discharge process. In locations where a long up / down movement of the punch is required (
Such curved guide rails are supported by additional depressing members, pull-down rails and discharge channels. The die is filled from a fixed feeding device (so-called filling shoe), which is connected to a storage container for the premix. The compression force on the premix can be adjusted independently by the components for the upper and lower punches, and the compression force is formed by rotation of the shaft head of the punch past an adjustable pressure roller.

If increased throughput is needed, a rotary press with two or more filling shoes can be used. These filling shoes suffice in a circle that moves only half to make one tablet. When producing a two-layer or multi-layer tablet, the first layer, formed by arranging several filling shoes in series and pressing lightly,
It is not discharged before further filling. With certain suitable process controls, inlay tablets having a structure similar to the laminated tablet and onion skin can be formed in this way. In the case of an inlay (bullseye) tablet, the top surface of the core, the core layer, remains visible because it is not covered. Rotary tablet presses can also be equipped with single or multiple punches, so that, for example, an outer circle of 50 holes and an inner circle of 35 holes can be used simultaneously for tableting. Modern rotary tablet presses have a throughput of over one million tablets per hour.

A tableting machine suitable for the present invention can be obtained, for example, from the following production companies. Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wihelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenb
ec, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KIKIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Press
en GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (Switzerland) and Couroy N
.V. Halle (BE / LU). An example of a particularly suitable tablet press is the HPF 630 hydraulic double press (LA
EIS, D).

Tablet Form and Dimension The tablet of the present invention can be manufactured in a predetermined form and a predetermined size.
It is composed of several phases, namely layers, inclusions or cores and rings. Suitable forms can be virtually any form that can be easily handled, for example, slabs, bars, cubes, blocks, corresponding forms with flat sides, especially circular cross sections or lengths It is a cylindrical form having a circular cross section. This last embodiment encompasses from tablet form to compact cylindrical form with a height / diameter ratio of more than one.

In addition, it is possible to form a divided press body composed of elements separated from each other,
Each element corresponds to a predetermined dose of a detergent / cleaner. However, it is possible to form a press body in which several such elements are combined in a single press body, and in this case, a smaller split unit is used, particularly from a predetermined weak spot setting portion,
Can be easily separated. In a standard horizontal washing machine in Europe, in order to use laundry detergent, it is advantageous to manufacture the above-mentioned split press body as a tablet in a cylindrical shape or a block shape, and preferably, The diameter / height ratio is from about 0.5: 2 to about 2: 0.5. Commercially available hydraulic presses, eccentric presses and rotary presses are particularly suitable for the production of such press bodies.

For the tablet of the present invention, a three-dimensional form of another embodiment is such that its dimensions are adapted to the detergent input chamber of a commercial household washing machine, whereby the tablet can be directly
That is, the tablet can dissolve during the water dispensing operation without the use of a weighing tool and can be weighed into the detergent dispensing chamber. However, it is, of course, possible to use a laundry detergent tablet using a measuring instrument, and this embodiment is suitable for the present invention.

Other suitable multi-phase tablets that can be produced are tablets having a sheet-like or rod-like structure with alternating long and thin sections and thin and short sections. Each part breaks at a predetermined break point (thin and short part) and is cut off from the "rod",
Can be introduced into the machine. Also, the principle of this "bar" of laundry detergent can be embodied in other geometries, for example, a vertical triangle which joins each other only at one of their longitudinal sides. In this case, for visual reasons, the parts are preferably interconnected as one phase, while the vertices form the base of the triangle by forming the second phase. In this embodiment, two different colors are particularly attractive.

Destruction resistance of cylindrical tablets After compression, the detergent tablets show high stability. The fracture resistance of the cylindrical tablet can be determined from the diametral fracture stress. This is given by the equation: σ = 2P / πD
It can be calculated by t. In the formula, σ is the fracture stress in the diameter direction (DFS, Pa), P is the force (N) at which the tablet is broken by compression, D is the diameter of the tablet (m), and t is its height It is.

Example Two-phase laundry detergent tablets in the form of a two-layer tablet were produced by tableting. Through the selection of a granular premix, one or two phases were colored blue and the other phases were colored white. The TAED-containing phase was colored blue (C1, C2), and in the case of Comparative Example 2, TAED was further colored. In Example 1 (E1) of the invention, the bleach-containing phase was colored and the remaining bleach-activator-containing phase was colored white. A comparison of detergent tablets based on a particular phase is shown in Table 1 below.

[0094]

[Table 1]: Composition of detergent tablet [% by weight] ^* : 0.03% by weight of Supranol® Blau GLW (anthraquinone dye, Bayer A
TAED ^** colored with G trademark): Compressed cellulose (particle size: 90% by weight> 400 μm) PEG: Polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 4,000 or about 400 gmol ⁻¹

As described above, the contact between the dye and the bleaching activator is the strongest at C1 and C2, and the contact between the dye and the bleaching agent is the strongest at E1. Each tablet manufactured is packed in a polypropylene bag (flow pack) and
Stored at 4 ° C. for 4 weeks. After storage, the blue hues of Comparative Examples C1 and C2 clearly show uneven fading and white spots, while Example E1 shows a homogeneous blue hue without substantial lightening. Was. Regarding the color retention, the examples of the present invention are clearly better than the comparative examples.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Heinz-Manfred Wilsberg, Germany Day 40589 Düsseldorf, Am Falder 87 (72) Inventor Heinke Jevens Germany, Day 40589 Düsseldorf, Itterstraße 35 (72) Inventor Fret Shamville Germany-Day 40789 Monheim, Niederstrasse 96 F-term (reference) 4H003 BA17 DA01 DA19 EA16 EA24 EB08 EB12 EB36 EB42 EC01 EE05 EE06 FA12 FA16 FA32 FA38 FA43 FA43

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A builder, a bleach, a bleach activator and optionally other detergents /
A compressed granular detergent / detergent two-phase or multi-phase detergent / detergent tablet comprising a detergent component, wherein the bleaching activator is spatially spaced from oxidizable material in a compartment of the tablet. A tablet characterized by being present at a location. 2. A tablet according to claim 1, wherein in the compartment area the bleach activator and other non-oxidatively sensitive components of the detergent / washing agent are present. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bleaching activator and one or more substances selected from the group consisting of builders, cobuilders, surfactants, binders, disintegrants and complexing agents are present in the compartment. Tablet according to 2. 4. The tablet according to claim 1, wherein no bleaching agent is present in the compartment. 5. A tablet according to claim 1, wherein the bleaching agent and the oxidisable substance are present in one area of the tablet. 6. The tablet according to claim 1, wherein the easily oxidizable substance includes a dye, an optical brightener, a fragrance, and an enzyme. 7. The tablet according to claim 1, wherein tetraacetylethylenediamine is used as the bleaching activator. 8. The tablet according to claim 1, wherein the compartment is in the form of a separate layer, coating or insert. 9. A disintegrant, preferably a cellulosic disintegrant, more preferably a disintegrant in granular, cogranular or compressed form (particularly a cellulosic disintegrant) is added in an amount of from 0.5 to 0.5% based on the weight of the tablet. 10% by weight, preferably 3-7% by weight, more preferably 4%
A tablet according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising in an amount of up to 6% by weight.