JP2002335665A - Linear motor and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a magnetic attraction force generated between an armature and a rotor by reducing the leakage of flux passing through a clearance between magnetic pole teeth of the armature. SOLUTION: An armature winding 4 is wound around an iron core 5 of the armature, the armature has two magnetic poles 1, 2, and the protruding magnetic pole teeth 11a, 12b, 21b and 22a toward the mated magnetic pole on the upper surfaces of the two magnetic poles, the (2n-1)-th (n=1, 2 and so on), protruding magnetic pole tooth and the (2n)-th (n=1, 2, and so on) protruding magnetic pole tooth of one magnetic pole 1 are extended so as to be divided into two stages; an upper part and a lower part respectively, and the (2n-1)-th (n=1, 2 and so on), protruding magnetic pole tooth and the (2n)th (n=1, 2 and so on), protruding magnetic pole tooth of the other magnetic pole 2 are extended so as to be divided into two stages; a lower part and an upper part respectively so as to form an armature unit in which the flux runs between the upper and the lower magnetic poles alternately and in the vertical direction, so that the rotor 6 having a permanent magnet relatively moves through the clearance 8 between the upper and the lower magnetic pole surfaces of the armature unit.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a linear motor and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a linear motor having two magnetic poles, in which one coil is wound around an armature and magnetic pole teeth facing each other are alternately arranged. And its manufacturing method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, it has been known that if the field of a linear motor is given by a permanent magnet, a high thrust can be obtained with a compact structure, and linear motors of various structures have been considered. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 63-310361 discloses a linear pulse motor having a structure in which lead wire processing is simplified and can be manufactured at low cost. Although the structure of the linear motor is described in detail in the publication, as shown in FIG. 12, the structure is generally as follows. A straight armature 3 having a U-shaped cross section and having an open top is fixed with two parallel yokes having the same U-shaped cross section inside, and a coil 4 is provided at the bottom of the yoke in the longitudinal direction. It is wound. 2
Each yoke has two poles extending upward. A pole plate is fixed on the upper surface of each of the magnetic poles, and protruding pole teeth 20 extend at regular intervals toward the other pole plate, and the facing pole teeth 20 are alternately formed to form a claw-pole-shaped pole face. I have. A mover 6 movably supported in the longitudinal direction of the armature 3 is provided with two sets of permanent magnets 7 parallel to each other so as to face the magnetic pole surface via an air gap. It is magnetized so that the polarity is reversed at the same interval as. In such a configuration, when a two-phase sinusoidal current with a phase shift of 90 degrees is supplied to the coil 4 wound around the two yokes, the mover 6 is moved to the armature by a well-known linear motor mechanism. 3 can be moved longitudinally.

[0003]

According to the prior art, the linear motor can be manufactured at a low cost with a simple structure and simple lead wire processing, but has the following problems.
That is, since the two magnetic poles and the magnetic pole plate provided on the armature 3 have the above-described structure, the magnetic flux passing through the gap between the pole teeth 20 of the magnetic pole plate extending from the upper surface of the two magnetic poles and alternated with each other. Since the leakage is large as a whole, the thrust of the motor with respect to the exciting current is small. Further, since the magnetic attraction force acts in one direction between the armature 3 and the mover 6, a large load is applied to the support mechanism of the mover 6, and the structure is distorted, causing various adverse effects.

[0004] It is an object of the present invention to provide a linear motor and a method of manufacturing the same, in which the magnetic attraction generated between the armature and the mover is reduced by reducing the leakage of magnetic flux passing through the gap between the pole teeth of the magnetic pole plate. Is to do.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a linear motor comprising an armature and a movable element having magnetism, wherein the armature has a first polarity magnetic pole having at least a first opposed portion. And a magnetic pole of a second polarity having a second facing portion, wherein the mover is sandwiched by the first facing portion, and the mover is sandwiched by the second facing portion. Further, in the method of manufacturing the near motor, the armature unit in which the coil is wound, the magnetic poles on both sides, the upper magnetic pole teeth and the lower magnetic pole teeth of the opposing part are integrated, and the armature unit is divided and manufactured by a laminated steel plate. An armature having a first polarity magnetic pole having a first facing portion and a second polarity magnetic pole having a second facing portion is configured by combining the manufactured armature units.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a linear motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a cross-sectional view thereof is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a magnetic pole, 11a is an upper magnetic pole tooth of the magnetic pole 1, 12b is a lower magnetic pole tooth of the magnetic pole 1, 2 is a magnetic pole, 21
b is a lower magnetic pole tooth of the magnetic pole 2, 22a is an upper magnetic pole tooth of the magnetic pole 2, 3 is an armature, 4 is an armature winding, 5 is an armature core, 6
Is a mover, 7 is a permanent magnet, 8 is an upper magnetic pole tooth 11 of the magnetic pole 1
a and the lower magnetic pole teeth 21b of the magnetic pole 2 (the lower magnetic pole teeth 1 of the magnetic pole 1)
The gap between the magnetic pole 2b and the upper magnetic pole teeth 22a) of the magnetic pole 2, Ps, is the pole pitch between the centers of adjacent magnetic pole teeth on the magnetic pole surface of the magnetic pole.
The armature 3 has magnetic poles 1 on both sides of an armature core 5 at the bottom thereof.
2, the armature winding 4 is wound in the longitudinal direction on a linear elongated armature core 5 having a U-shaped cross section and opened upward. The armature 3 has two magnetic poles 1 and 2. The magnetic pole 1 has upper magnetic pole teeth 11a and lower magnetic pole teeth 12b projecting toward the magnetic pole 2 on the upper surface thereof, and the magnetic pole 2 has lower magnetic pole teeth 21b projecting toward the magnetic pole 1 on the upper surface thereof. It has upper magnetic pole teeth 22a,. That is, the (2n-1) -th (n = 1, 2, 3,...) Magnetic pole teeth of the projection of the magnetic pole 1 are upper, and the (2n) -th (n = 1, 2, 3,. Divide it into two lower and upper sections so that it is at the bottom. In contrast to the magnetic pole 1, the protruding (2n-1) -th magnetic pole teeth of the magnetic pole 2 are at the lower part, and the (2n) -th (n = 1, 2, 3,...) Magnetic pole teeth are at the upper part. And stretch it in two steps. If the entire upper magnetic pole teeth from the magnetic poles 1 and 2 are defined as an upper magnetic pole surface and the entire lower magnetic pole teeth are defined as a lower magnetic pole surface, the magnetic magnetic poles 1 and 2 are defined.
The magnetic head has a structure in which the magnetic pole teeth facing each other are alternately provided at the upper and lower two locations. Here, the first upper magnetic pole tooth 11a and the lower magnetic pole tooth 12b are defined as a first opposing portion, and the second lower magnetic pole tooth 21b and the upper magnetic pole tooth 22a are defined as a second opposing portion. Therefore, the armature structure is such that the (2n-1) th is the first facing portion and the (2n) th is the second facing portion. Further, when a fixed gap 8 is provided between the upper magnetic pole teeth and the lower magnetic pole teeth of each of the opposing portions, and a movable element having magnetism is passed through the gap 8, the movable element is sandwiched between the first opposing portions, and The child forms a structure sandwiched by the second facing portion. By performing the above, the armature unit in which the magnetic flux alternates between the upper and lower magnetic pole teeth and flows vertically in the gap between the upper magnetic pole teeth and the lower magnetic pole teeth of each opposing portion of the linear motor of the present embodiment. Then, the mover moves relatively through the gap.

In FIG. 2, a support mechanism (armature side) 14
Is a mechanism that supports the mover 6 that relatively moves toward the armature 3, and a support mechanism (the mover side) 15 is a mechanism that supports the mover 6 that relatively moves toward the mover 6. The mover 6 includes a support mechanism 14,
The gap 8 is relatively moved so as to pass through the tunnel supported by the gap 15. In the linear motor of the present embodiment, the armature 3
The upper and lower magnetic pole teeth, and the mover 6 moves relatively between the upper magnetic pole tooth and the lower magnetic pole tooth. If the distance from the center of the mover 6 to the upper and lower magnetic pole teeth is the same, the movable Child 6
Since the magnitude of the attraction force acting on the upper magnetic pole teeth and the magnitude of the attraction force acting on the movable element 6 and the lower magnetic pole teeth are the same, and the directions in which the attraction force acts are opposite, the total attraction force is canceled to zero. . For this reason, the attraction force between the magnetic pole teeth of the mover 6 and the armature 3 can be reduced, and the load on the support mechanisms 14 and 15 can be reduced.

FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of the magnetic flux flow of the linear motor of the present embodiment. When the armature winding 4 is excited, if the upper and lower magnetic pole teeth attached to the magnetic pole 1 are N poles, the upper and lower magnetic pole teeth attached to the magnetic pole 2 become S poles.
In this case, the magnetic flux flows from the upper magnetic pole teeth 11a of the magnetic pole 1 to the magnetic pole 2
Magnetic flux flows from the lower magnetic pole teeth 21b of the magnetic pole 1 to the upper magnetic pole teeth 22a of the magnetic pole 2, so that the magnetic flux flows in the gap 8 between the upper magnetic pole face and the lower magnetic pole face at every pole pitch. Direction is reversed. For this reason, the flow of magnetic flux in the linear motor of the present embodiment flows from the upper magnetic pole teeth to the lower magnetic pole teeth through the permanent magnet N poles and S poles of the mover 6, and from the lower magnetic pole teeth to the mover 6 The magnetic flux of the magnetic circuit of the effective magnetic flux is shortened, the magnetic resistance is reduced, the effective magnetic flux is increased, and the leakage magnetic flux is reduced by flowing through the permanent magnet S pole and N pole to the upper magnetic pole teeth. Incidentally, the conventional claw-pole type linear motor has one magnetic pole surface, and the magnetic flux flows from the north pole teeth of the armature 3 to the permanent magnet S pole and the north pole of the mover 6 sideways. 3 S
Flows back to the pole teeth. Therefore, the magnetic path of the magnetic circuit of the effective magnetic flux becomes longer. For this reason, the conventional claw pole type has a large magnetic resistance, and the leakage magnetic flux directly flowing from the N pole teeth of the armature 7 to the S pole teeth of the adjacent armature without passing through the permanent magnet of the mover 6 increases.

Next, a linear motor in which a plurality of the armature units shown in FIG. 1 are arranged in series or in parallel will be described. FIG.
2 shows a linear motor in which two armature units of FIG. 1 are arranged in series. In FIG. 4, generally, the armature unit A
Magnetic pole teeth a and the magnetic pole teeth b of the armature unit B adjacent thereto
Is (kP + P / M) ｛(k = 0,1,2,2
..), (M = 2, 3, 4,...)}, The armature units A and B are arranged in series. here,
P is the pole pitch (the pole pitch P selects either the armature pole pitch Ps or the armature pole pitch Pm), and M represents the number of phases of the motor. That is, in FIG. 4, k = 3 and M = 2. In FIG. 4, the values of the armature magnetic pole pitch Ps and the armature pole pitch Pm may be the same or different. If the values of the armature magnetic pole pitch Ps and the mover pole pitch Pm are made different, there is an effect of reducing thrust pulsation acting between the permanent magnet 7 and the magnetic pole teeth. A plurality of permanent magnets 7 are arranged on the mover 6 so that adjacent magnetic poles have different polarities.
Magnetize in the direction. As shown in FIG.
5, the armature unit A and the armature unit B are supported in the gap 8 between the upper and lower magnetic pole surfaces, and the armature windings 4 of the armature unit A and the armature unit B are alternately excited. In the gap 8 between the magnetic pole surface and the lower magnetic pole surface, magnetic flux flows in the opposite direction at every pole pitch, and P /
2 generates a thrust, and the mover 6 relatively moves. Thus, by arranging two armature units in series, a linear motor is obtained in which the mover 6 relatively moves so as to pass through the gap 8 between the upper and lower magnetic pole surfaces of the armature units A and B. Here, in FIG. 4, a description has been given of arranging two armature units in series. However, the same applies when a plurality of armature units are arranged in series.

FIG. 5 shows a linear motor in which two armature units of FIG. 1 are arranged in parallel. In FIG. 5, the armature unit A and the armature unit B are arranged in parallel and arranged in parallel, and a plurality of permanent magnets 7 are arranged as movers so that adjacent magnetic poles have different polarities. It is formed integrally. At this time, the mover 6a and the mover 6b are shifted by P / 2 pitch. The mover 6a and the mover 6b are relatively
And armature unit A and armature unit B are P / 2
The pitch may be shifted only. Also, in the parallel arrangement of FIG. 5, similarly to the serial arrangement of FIG.
s and the value of the mover pole pitch Pm may be the same or different. 4, the support mechanisms 14, 1 shown in FIG.
5, the armatures 6a and 6b are supported in the gaps 8 between the upper and lower magnetic pole teeth of the armature unit A and the armature unit B, and the armature windings 4 of the armature unit A and the armature unit B are alternately arranged. When excited, magnetic flux flows in the gap 8 between the upper magnetic pole surface and the lower magnetic pole surface in the opposite direction for each pole pitch, a thrust is generated by P / 2 essential for movement, and the mover 6 relatively moves. Thus, by arranging two armature units in parallel and integrating two movers,
The linear motor moves relatively so that the mover 6a and the mover 6b pass through the gap 8 between the upper magnetic pole surface and the lower magnetic pole surface of the armature units A and B, respectively. Here, in FIG. 5, it has been described that two armature units are arranged in parallel and two movers are integrated. However, a plurality of armature units are arranged in parallel and a plurality of movers are integrated. It is the same as above. As described above, when arranging a plurality of armature units in series or in parallel, the pitch of the magnetic pole teeth of either the adjacent armature unit or the adjacent mover is (k
・ P + P / M) ｛(k = 0, 1, 2,...), (M = 2,
(3, 4,...)}, The armature units or the movers can be moved relative to each other if they are integrally arranged. Here, P represents the pole pitch, and M represents the number of phases of the motor.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an in-line arrangement of armature units according to another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, when four armature units are arranged and two armature units have one phase and the pole pitch is P, the pitch of the magnetic pole teeth of adjacent armature units in the same phase is (kP). ｛(K = 0,
1, 2,...), And the pitch of the magnetic pole teeth of adjacent armature units between different phases is (k · P + P / M) ｛(k = 0, 1,
2,...), (M = 2, 3, 4,...) {K is a number that can be freely selected within the range in which adjacent armature units can be arranged, and M is the number of motor phases}. Shows a serial arrangement. (A) shows the arrangement of the A phase, B phase, A phase, and B phase of the armature unit, and (b) shows the A phase, A phase, B phase, and the like of the armature unit.
This is the arrangement of the B phase. By arranging a large number of armature units as one phase as shown in FIG. 6, a linear motor that can obtain a large thrust can be obtained. Here, FIG. 6 shows a linear motor in which four armature units are arranged and two armature units have one phase, but the same applies when a plurality of armature units are arranged in series. The same applies to a case where a plurality of armature units are arranged in parallel and a plurality of movers are integrated.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the mover of the present invention. The mover 6 shown in FIG. 1 has a plurality of permanent magnets 7 arranged so that adjacent magnetic poles have different polarities. However, the mover 6 shown in FIG. The ferromagnetic material is provided with convex magnetic pole teeth 13 at regular intervals on both surfaces. Magnetic pole teeth 1 convex on both sides of a flat ferromagnetic material
When 3 is provided, the magnetic resistance changes between the armature and the magnetic pole surface. That is, the magnetic resistance between the convex magnetic pole teeth 13 and the magnetic pole surface of the armature is smaller than the magnetic resistance between the ferromagnetic flat plate portion 16 and the magnetic pole surface of the armature. By utilizing this change in magnetic resistance, a movable element can be obtained. Here, it is possible to form a composite mover by making the convex magnetic pole teeth 13 a ferromagnetic material and providing the plate portion 16 with a permanent magnet.
Further, the combination may be such that the convex magnetic pole teeth 13 are made of a ferromagnetic material and the flat plate portion 16 is made of a non-magnetic material.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which the plate-like movable element of FIG. 7 is replaced with a cylindrical movable element. In FIG. 8, a combination of a ferromagnetic material 36 and a non-magnetic material 37 is provided on a shaft 35. Also, a permanent magnet may be used.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the mover of the present invention. In FIG. 9, the mover 6 has a structure in which a ferromagnetic material 34 is embedded as an endless belt or a chain. A permanent magnet may be provided instead of the ferromagnetic material.

The method of manufacturing the linear motor according to the present invention will be described below. FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of the linear motor of FIG. 1, wherein the magnetic poles 1 and 2 and the magnetic pole teeth 11 a, 12 b, 2
1b and 22a are separately manufactured, and the magnetic pole 1 and the magnetic pole teeth 11 are manufactured.
a, 12b, the magnetic pole 2 and the magnetic pole teeth 21b, 22a are combined to manufacture an armature unit. In this case, the magnetic pole on one side and the magnetic pole teeth above and below the same magnetic pole can be combined by press working integrally. Furthermore, it is also possible to combine the magnetic poles and the magnetic pole teeth on both sides by pressing. The support mechanism (armature side) 14 is fixed to the armature unit, and supports the mover vertically and horizontally.

FIG. 11 shows another method of manufacturing the linear motor of the present invention. This manufacturing method is a method of manufacturing a magnetic pole unit 31A in which the armature core around which the coil 4 is wound, the magnetic poles on both sides, the upper magnetic pole teeth 11a, and the lower magnetic pole teeth 21b of the opposing portion are integrated with a laminated steel plate. Magnetic pole unit 31A
If it is arranged left and right, it becomes another magnetic pole unit 31A '. Magnetic pole unit 31A and other magnetic pole unit 31A '
A support mechanism 32 and a duct 33 are provided between them. Therefore,
The (2n-1) -th armature structure becomes the magnetic pole unit 31A corresponding to the first opposing portion, and the (2n) -th armature structure becomes another magnetic pole unit 31A 'corresponding to the second opposing portion. A method is also possible in which the magnetic pole units 31A and 31A 'are manufactured by dividing the magnetic pole units 31A and 31A' into left and right halves to form a unit, and the coil 4 is assembled so as to be sandwiched from the left and right.

Although the linear motor has been described as an embodiment of the present invention, the mover and the armature unit of this embodiment can be moved relative to each other by supplying an alternating current to the coil of the armature unit. It can be used as a moving vibration type linear actuator.

[0018]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The magnetic path of the magnetic circuit of the effective magnetic flux is shortened, and the leakage magnetic flux of the magnetic pole teeth can be reduced. In addition, the total attractive force between the armature and the armature acting perpendicular to the traveling direction of the mover is offset to zero, so that the attractive force between the magnetic pole faces of the armature and the armature can be reduced, The load on the support mechanism can be reduced. Further, the armature of the present invention is manufactured by separately manufacturing an armature core in which a coil is wound, a magnetic pole unit on both sides, an upper magnetic pole tooth and a lower magnetic pole tooth of an opposing portion integrated with a laminated steel plate. It can be manufactured easily and efficiently.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a linear motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the linear motor of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a magnetic flux flow of the linear motor of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a linear motor in which two armature units of the present invention are arranged in series.

FIG. 5 is a linear motor in which two armature units of the present invention are arranged in parallel.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a series arrangement of armature units according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment (No. 1) of the mover of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment (No. 2) of the mover of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment (part 3) of the mover of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a method for manufacturing the linear motor of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another manufacturing method of the linear motor of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a conventional linear pulse motor.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Magnetic pole, 11a ... Upper magnetic pole tooth of magnetic pole 1, 12b ... Lower magnetic pole tooth of magnetic pole 1, 2 ... Magnetic pole, 21b ... Lower magnetic pole tooth of magnetic pole 2, 22a ... Upper magnetic pole tooth of magnetic pole 2, 3 ... Armature, 4 ... armature winding, 5 ... armature iron, 6 ... mover, 7 ... permanent magnet, 8 ... gap, 13 ... convex magnetic pole, 14 ... relative movement support mechanism (armature side), 15 ... relative movement Supporting mechanism (mover side), 16: ferromagnetic flat plate part, 31A: magnetic pole unit, 33: duct

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Koji Maki 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term in Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. F-term (reference) 5H615 AA01 BB01 BB07 PP01 PP06 QQ19 SS03 SS05 5H641 BB06 BB19 GG02 GG04 GG06 HH03 HH07 HH10 HH12 HH13 HH14 HH20 JA02 JA09

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A linear motor comprising an armature and a mover having magnetism, wherein the armature has at least a first magnetic pole having a first opposing portion and a second motor having a second opposing portion. A linear motor having a magnetic pole having a polarity, wherein the mover is sandwiched between the first opposed portions, and the mover is sandwiched between the second opposed portions. 2. A linear motor comprising an armature and a mover having magnetic poles, wherein an interaction between the armature and the mover maintains a relative position in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the mover. A linear motor. 3. When the plurality of armature units are arranged and the pole pitch is P, the pitch between adjacent armature units and the magnetic pole teeth of the armature unit is (k).
・ P + P / M) ｛(k = 0, 1, 2,...), (M = 2,
3, 4,...) {K is a number that can be freely selected within a range where adjacent armature units can be arranged, and M is the number of motor phases}. 4. The electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the armature units are arranged, and a large number of the armature units have one phase, and the pole pitch is P. The pitch between the magnetic pole teeth of the slave unit and (k
P) {(k = 0, 1, 2,...)}, And the pitch between magnetic pole teeth of adjacent armature units between different phases is (k · P + P / M)
{(K = 0, 1, 2, ...), (M = 2, 3, 4, ...)}
A linear motor wherein {k is a number that can be freely selected within a range where adjacent armature units can be arranged, and M is the number of motor phases}. 5. The linear motor according to claim 1, wherein the pitch of the magnetic pole teeth of the armature unit and the magnetic pole pitch of the mover have the same value or different values. . 6. The linear motor according to claim 1, further comprising a support mechanism that supports a mover that relatively moves within a gap of the armature unit. 7. A method for manufacturing a linear motor comprising an armature and a mover having magnetic poles, wherein an armature core on which a coil is wound, magnetic poles on both sides, upper magnetic pole teeth and lower magnetic pole teeth on an opposing portion are integrated. Armature unit is manufactured by dividing the magnetic pole unit into a laminated steel sheet, and the divided armature unit is combined to form a first magnetic pole having a first facing portion and a second magnetic pole having a second facing portion. A method for manufacturing a linear motor, comprising forming an armature having the following.