JP2002310078A - Oil cooling type screw compressor - Google Patents
Oil cooling type screw compressorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002310078A JP2002310078A JP2001112838A JP2001112838A JP2002310078A JP 2002310078 A JP2002310078 A JP 2002310078A JP 2001112838 A JP2001112838 A JP 2001112838A JP 2001112838 A JP2001112838 A JP 2001112838A JP 2002310078 A JP2002310078 A JP 2002310078A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- temperature
- valve
- air
- suction
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、油冷式スクリュ圧
縮機に関し、より詳しくは、分離した油中に空気中の水
分が混入するのを効果的に防止することを可能ならしめ
るようにした油冷式スクリュ圧縮機の技術分野に属す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an oil-cooled screw compressor, and more particularly to an oil-cooled screw compressor capable of effectively preventing moisture in the air from being mixed into separated oil. It belongs to the technical field of oil-cooled screw compressors.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】周知のとおり、空気中には水分が含まれ
ている。プロセスに供給する圧縮空気を得るために、油
冷式スクリュ圧縮機の圧縮機本体により水分が含まれて
いる空気を吸込んで圧縮すると水分の蒸気圧が上昇し、
吐出空気の露点が高くなる。吐出空気の温度がこの露点
よりも低温である場合には、空気中から水分が析出して
吐出空気から分離回収されて潤滑油として活用される油
中に混入してしまうので、圧縮機本体の軸受が潤滑不良
になったり、また錆が発生したりするという不具合が発
生する原因になる。そのため、このような油冷式スクリ
ュ圧縮機の場合には、吐出空気の温度がある設定温度以
下にならないように、温度調節弁により吐出空気の温度
を制御するようにしている。この吐出空気の設定温度
は、普通、露点＋１０℃である。しかしながら、吐出空
気の露点は吸込み空気の温度、湿度によって変化するの
で、変化する露点を求めて吐出空気の温度を制御するよ
うにした油冷式容積型回転圧縮機（油冷式スクリュ圧縮
機）が、例えば特開昭６１−２９４１８８号公報に開示
されている。2. Description of the Related Art As is well known, air contains moisture. In order to obtain compressed air to be supplied to the process, when the air containing moisture is sucked and compressed by the compressor body of the oil-cooled screw compressor, the vapor pressure of the moisture increases,
The dew point of the discharge air increases. If the temperature of the discharge air is lower than this dew point, moisture will precipitate out of the air and will be separated and recovered from the discharge air and mixed into the oil used as lubricating oil. This may cause the bearing to be defective in lubrication or rust. Therefore, in the case of such an oil-cooled screw compressor, the temperature of the discharge air is controlled by a temperature control valve so that the temperature of the discharge air does not become lower than a certain set temperature. The set temperature of the discharged air is usually the dew point + 10 ° C. However, since the dew point of the discharge air changes depending on the temperature and humidity of the suction air, an oil-cooled positive displacement rotary compressor (oil-cooled screw compressor) that controls the temperature of the discharge air by finding the changing dew point. Is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-294188.
【０００３】上記従来例に係る油冷式容積型回転圧縮機
を、その潤滑油の循環系統図の図３を参照しながら、同
公報に記載されている同一名称ならびに同一符号を以て
説明すると、図に示す符号１は圧縮機本体であり、この
圧縮機本体１の空気を吸込む管路ａに圧力検出器８、湿
度検出器１０、温度検出器１１が取付けられている。前
記圧縮機本体１から管路ｃを介して油回収器（油分離回
収器）２に油分を含む吐出空気が供給されるようになっ
ており、油分が分離された吐出空気は、圧力検出器８が
取付けられてなる管路ｄから供給先側に供給されると共
に、油回収器２で吐出空気から分離回収された油は潤滑
油として、管路ｅ、三方弁４、オイルクーラ３が介装さ
れた管路ｆおよびこの管路ｆに並行配設されたバイパス
する管路ｇ、フィルタ６およびポンプ７が介装されてな
る管路ｂを介して圧縮機本体１の図示しない軸受、軸封
部に循環されるようになっている。[0003] The oil-cooled positive displacement rotary compressor according to the conventional example will be described with the same names and the same reference numerals described in the publication with reference to FIG. 3 of a lubricating oil circulation system diagram. Reference numeral 1 denotes a compressor main body, and a pressure detector 8, a humidity detector 10, and a temperature detector 11 are attached to a pipe a of the compressor main body 1 for sucking air. Discharge air containing oil is supplied from the compressor body 1 to an oil recovery unit (oil separation and recovery unit) 2 via a pipe c, and the discharge air from which the oil is separated is supplied to a pressure detector. 8 is supplied to a supply side from a pipe d in which oil is attached, and oil separated and recovered from the discharged air by the oil recovery unit 2 is passed through a pipe e, a three-way valve 4, and an oil cooler 3 as lubricating oil. Bearings and shafts (not shown) of the compressor main body 1 are provided through a mounted pipe f, a bypass pipe g disposed in parallel with the pipe f, and a pipe b in which the filter 6 and the pump 7 are provided. It is designed to be circulated to the sealed part.
【０００４】前記三方弁４は、圧縮機本体１から油回収
器２に連通する管路ｃを流れる油を含む吐出空気の温度
を検出し、検出した温度に応じて前記管路ｆ，ｇに対す
る油の配分率を調整する温度調節計５で制御されるよう
になっている。そして、この温度調節計５の設定温度
は、前記各検出器により検出される吸込み空気の温度、
湿度、圧力、吐出空気の圧力に基づき演算器９で演算さ
れた露点に設定される。また、この温度調節計５により
検出された温度に基づいて前記三方弁４を制御し、圧縮
機本体１に循環させる潤滑油の温度を調整することによ
り、前記吐出空気の温度が露点以上になるように制御し
ている。[0004] The three-way valve 4 detects the temperature of the discharge air containing oil flowing through a pipe c communicating from the compressor body 1 to the oil recovery unit 2, and responds to the pipes f and g in accordance with the detected temperature. The temperature is controlled by a temperature controller 5 that adjusts the oil distribution rate. The set temperature of the temperature controller 5 is the temperature of the intake air detected by each of the detectors,
The dew point calculated by the calculator 9 based on the humidity, the pressure, and the pressure of the discharge air is set. In addition, the three-way valve 4 is controlled based on the temperature detected by the temperature controller 5 to adjust the temperature of the lubricating oil circulated through the compressor body 1 so that the temperature of the discharge air becomes equal to or higher than the dew point. Control.
【０００５】ところで、吸込み空気の吸込み条件が最悪
である場合を条件にして吐出空気の設定温度を決めるこ
と（この方法が最も現実的で、一般に用いられてい
る。）ができる。しかしながら、吐出空気の温度が低温
であるほど、油冷式スクリュ圧縮機の性能がよいので、
油冷式スクリュ圧縮機にとって支障がない範囲で、可能
な限り吐出空気の温度を低温にするのが好ましい。By the way, it is possible to determine the set temperature of the discharge air under the condition that the suction condition of the suction air is the worst (this method is most practical and generally used). However, the lower the temperature of the discharge air, the better the performance of the oil-cooled screw compressor,
It is preferable to keep the temperature of the discharge air as low as possible within a range that does not hinder the oil-cooled screw compressor.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来例に係る油冷
式容積型回転圧縮機（油冷式スクリュ圧縮機）は、上記
のとおり、吸込み空気の変化する湿度から吐出空気の露
点を求めて、この吐出空気の温度が露点以下の温度にな
らないように制御するように構成されている。従って、
潤滑油となる油中への水分の混入に起因する軸受の潤滑
不良や錆の発生防止に効果があるので、この従来例に係
る油冷式スクリュ圧縮機はそれなりに優れていると考え
られる。しかしながら、吐出空気の温度を制御する高価
な演算器や湿度検出器を使用しなければならないので、
圧縮機自体が高コストになって経済的に不利になるのに
加えて、演算器はノイズによる影響を受け易く、しかも
故障が多く、信頼性に欠けるという解決すべき課題があ
って、なかなか普及しないというのが現実である。As described above, the oil-cooled positive displacement rotary compressor (oil-cooled screw compressor) according to the prior art described above obtains the dew point of the discharge air from the humidity at which the intake air changes. The discharge air is controlled so that the temperature of the discharged air does not fall below the dew point. Therefore,
The oil-cooled screw compressor according to this conventional example is considered to be somewhat excellent because it has an effect of preventing poor lubrication of the bearing and generation of rust due to the incorporation of water into the lubricating oil. However, expensive computing units and humidity detectors that control the temperature of the discharge air must be used.
In addition to the high cost of the compressor itself, which is economically disadvantageous, the computing unit is also susceptible to noise, has many failures, and lacks reliability. The reality is not to.
【０００７】従って、本発明の目的は、低コストであっ
て、しかも信頼性に優れた油冷式スクリュ圧縮機を提供
することである。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an oil-cooled screw compressor which is low in cost and excellent in reliability.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】発明者らは、吸込み空気
の温度が４０℃以下の場合には、経験則からすると吐出
空気の湿度は一般に７５％以上にはならないので、この
点をうまく活用すれば湿度検出器を設ける必要がなくな
り、そして圧縮空気の需要の急激な変動がない限り吐出
空気の吐出圧力は油冷式スクリュ圧縮機の仕様によって
決まるので圧力検出器を設ける必要がなくなる結果、湿
度検出器、圧力検出器、温度検出器からの検出値によっ
て吐出空気の露点を演算する演算器も不要になると考え
て本発明をなしたものである。According to the empirical rule, when the temperature of the suction air is 40 ° C. or less, the inventors have found that the humidity of the discharge air generally does not exceed 75%. As a result, there is no need to provide a humidity detector, and as long as there is no sudden change in the demand for compressed air, the discharge pressure of the discharge air is determined by the specifications of the oil-cooled screw compressor. The present invention has been made on the assumption that an arithmetic unit for calculating the dew point of the discharge air based on the detection values from the humidity detector, the pressure detector, and the temperature detector becomes unnecessary.
【０００９】従って、上記課題を解決するために、本発
明の請求項１に係る油冷式スクリュ圧縮機が採用した手
段は、圧縮機本体を備え、この圧縮機本体から吐出され
る吐出空気中の油分を分離回収する油分離回収器を備
え、オイルクーラが介装され、前記油分離回収器で分離
回収された油を前記圧縮機本体の軸受、軸封部に戻す油
流路を備えた油冷式スクリュ圧縮機において、前記油流
路を分岐させ、分岐させた分岐流路のそれぞれに開閉弁
を介装し、これら分岐流路の開閉弁の下流側のそれぞれ
に、第１油出口がオイルクーラの上流側に連通すると共
に、第２油出口がオイルクーラの下流側に連通し、分岐
流路に流入する油の油温が予め設定した設定温度よりも
高温であれば第１油出口への油量を増大させ、低温であ
れば第２油出口への油量を増大させる機能を備えた自動
温度調節弁を設け、前記圧縮機本体の吸込み側に、吸込
み空気の温度を検出する温度検出手段を設け、この温度
検出手段で検出された吸込み空気の温度に基づいて決定
される吐出空気の露点よりも高温の設定温度に設定され
た前記自動温度調節弁のうち、設定温度が最も低温の自
動温度調節弁の上流側の開閉弁を開弁させると共に他の
開閉弁を閉弁させるように構成したことを特徴とするも
のである。Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the means adopted by the oil-cooled screw compressor according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises a compressor main body, and the discharge air discharged from the compressor main body includes a compressor main body. An oil separation and recovery device for separating and recovering the oil component, an oil cooler is interposed, and an oil flow path for returning the oil separated and recovered by the oil separation and recovery device to a bearing of the compressor body and a shaft sealing portion. In the oil-cooled screw compressor, the oil flow path is branched, and an on-off valve is interposed in each of the branched flow paths. Communicates with the upstream side of the oil cooler, the second oil outlet communicates with the downstream side of the oil cooler, and if the oil temperature of the oil flowing into the branch passage is higher than a preset temperature, the first oil Increase the amount of oil to the outlet, and if the temperature is low, An automatic temperature control valve having a function of increasing the amount is provided, and a temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature of the suction air is provided on a suction side of the compressor main body, and a temperature of the suction air detected by the temperature detecting means is provided. Among the automatic temperature control valves set to a set temperature higher than the dew point of the discharge air determined based on the above, the open / close valve on the upstream side of the automatic temperature control valve having the lowest set temperature is opened and the other The on-off valve is configured to be closed.
【００１０】本発明の請求項２に係る油冷式スクリュ圧
縮機が採用した手段は、請求項１に記載の油冷式スクリ
ュ圧縮機において、前記温度検出手段は、前記圧縮機本
体の吸込み側の吸込み空気の温度によってＯＮ−ＯＦＦ
する複数の温度スイッチであることを特徴とするもので
ある。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the oil-cooled screw compressor according to the first aspect, the temperature detecting means is a suction side of the compressor body. ON-OFF depending on the temperature of the suction air
A plurality of temperature switches.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る
油冷式スクリュ圧縮機を、その模式的構成説明図の図１
と、その自動温度調節弁の作動説明図の図２（ａ），
（ｂ），（ｃ）とを順次参照しながら説明する。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic structural explanatory view of an oil-cooled screw compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 (a) and FIG.
Description will be made with reference to (b) and (c) sequentially.
【００１２】先ず、図１を参照しながら、本発明の実施
の形態に係る油冷式スクリュ圧縮機の構成を説明する
と、図に示す符号２は、互いに噛合する雌雄一対のスク
リュロータ（図示省略）が内蔵された圧縮機本体であ
る。この圧縮機本体２の空気吸込み口２ａには、吸込み
空気の温度が１５℃を超えるとＯＮになり、１５℃以下
でＯＦＦになる温度検出手段である第１温度スイッチ１
ａ、および吸込み空気の温度が３０℃を超えるとＯＮに
なり、３０℃以下でＯＦＦになる温度検出手段である第
２温度スイッチ１ｂが取付けられてなる吸込み管路１が
連通している。また、前記圧縮機本体２の吐出口２ｂか
ら、吐出される吐出空気中の油分を分離回収する油分離
回収器４に吐出管路３が連通しており、この油分離回収
器４の空気出口４ａから図示しない空気供給先側に、こ
の油分離回収器４で油分が除去された圧縮空気を供給す
る空気供給管路５が連通している。First, the configuration of an oil-cooled screw compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. Reference numeral 2 shown in the figure denotes a pair of male and female screw rotors (not shown) that mesh with each other. ) Is the built-in compressor body. A first temperature switch 1 serving as temperature detecting means is turned on when the temperature of the suction air exceeds 15 ° C. and turns off when the temperature of the suction air exceeds 15 ° C.
a, and the suction line 1 to which a second temperature switch 1b, which is a temperature detecting means that turns on when the temperature of the suction air exceeds 30 ° C. and turns off when the temperature of the suction air is 30 ° C. or less, is connected. Further, a discharge pipe 3 communicates with an oil separation and recovery device 4 for separating and recovering oil in discharge air discharged from a discharge port 2b of the compressor main body 2, and an air outlet of the oil separation and recovery device 4 An air supply line 5 for supplying compressed air from which oil has been removed by the oil separation / recovery device 4 communicates with the air supply destination (not shown) from the side 4a.
【００１３】ところで、吸込み空気の温度が４０℃以下
の場合には、経験則からすると吐出空気の湿度は一般に
７５％以上にはならない。そこで、吐出空気の湿度が７
５％であり、圧縮機本体２の定常運転における吐出空気
の圧力が０．６８６５ＭＰａ（７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 ）であ
るとすると、前記第１温度スイッチ１ａと前記第２温度
スイッチ１ｂとのＯＮ−ＯＦＦによる吸込み空気の温度
における吐出空気の最高露点は下記のとおりとなる。By the way, when the temperature of the suction air is 40 ° C. or lower, the empirical rule is that the humidity of the discharge air generally does not exceed 75%. Therefore, when the humidity of the discharge air is 7
Assuming that the pressure is 5%, and the pressure of the discharge air in the steady operation of the compressor body 2 is 0.6865 MPa (7 kgf / cm 2 ), ON-OFF of the first temperature switch 1 a and the second temperature switch 1 b is performed. The maximum dew point of the discharge air at the temperature of the suction air is as follows.
【００１４】(1) 第１温度スイッチ１ａと第２温度スイ
ッチ１ｂとが共にＯＦＦで、吸込み空気の温度が１５℃
以下の場合の圧縮空気の最高露点は４６℃である。 (2) 第１温度スイッチ１ａがＯＮで、かつ第２温度スイ
ッチ１ｂがＯＦＦであって、吸込み空気の温度が１５℃
を超え、かつ３０℃以下の場合の圧縮空気の最高露点は
６５℃である。 (3) 第１温度スイッチ１ａと第２温度スイッチ１ｂとが
共にＯＮで、吸込み空気の温度が３０℃（４０℃以下）
を超える場合の圧縮空気の最高露点は７８℃である。(1) Both the first temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1b are OFF and the temperature of the intake air is 15 ° C.
The maximum dew point of the compressed air is 46 ° C. in the following cases. (2) When the first temperature switch 1a is ON and the second temperature switch 1b is OFF, the temperature of the intake air is 15 ° C.
And the maximum dew point of the compressed air is 65 ° C. when the temperature exceeds 30 ° C. (3) Both the first temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1b are ON and the temperature of the intake air is 30 ° C. (40 ° C. or less)
The maximum dew point of the compressed air is more than 78 ° C.
【００１５】前記油分離回収器４の底部の油出口４ｂか
ら、圧縮機本体２に、この油分離回収器４で吐出空気か
ら分離回収された油を潤滑油として、この圧縮機本体２
に循環させる油流路である油循環管路６が連通してい
る。この油循環管路６にはオイルクーラ９、フィルタ１
０、ポンプ１１が介装されている。そして、この油循環
管路６は、前記油分離回収器４の油出口４ｂの直後か
ら、分岐流路である第１循環分岐管路６ａ、第２循環分
岐管路６ｂ、および第３循環分岐管路６ｃに分岐してい
る。前記第１循環分岐管路６ａには電磁式の第１開閉弁
７ａが、前記第２循環分岐管路６ｂには電磁式の第２開
閉弁７ｂが、前記第３循環分岐管路６ｃには電磁式の第
３開閉弁７ｃが介装されている。From the oil outlet 4b at the bottom of the oil separator / collector 4, the oil separated and collected from the discharged air by the oil separator / collector 4 is used as lubricating oil.
An oil circulation pipe line 6, which is an oil flow path for circulating the oil, communicates with the oil circulation passage. The oil cooler 9 and the filter 1
0, the pump 11 is interposed. The oil circulation line 6 is connected to the first circulation branch line 6a, the second circulation branch line 6b, and the third circulation branch, which are branch passages, immediately after the oil outlet 4b of the oil separation and recovery unit 4. It branches to the pipe 6c. The first circulation branch line 6a has an electromagnetic first on-off valve 7a, the second circulation branch line 6b has an electromagnetic second on-off valve 7b, and the third circulation branch line 6c has an electromagnetic second on-off valve 7b. An electromagnetic third on-off valve 7c is interposed.
【００１６】前記各循環分岐管路６ａ，６ｂ，６ｃの各
開閉弁７ａ，７ｂ，７ｃの下流側のそれぞれには３つの
後述する構成になる自動温度調節弁８が取付けられてい
る。この自動温度調節弁８は、図２（ａ），（ｂ），
（ｃ）に示すように、前記オイルクーラ９の上流側に油
を流入させる第１油出口８１と、前記オイルクーラ９の
下流側に油を流入させ第２油出口８２と、前記油分離回
収器４から油が流入する油入口８３とを有するバルブボ
デイ８０を備えている。このバルブボデイ８０の内側に
は、後述する設定温度のサーモスタット８５の作動によ
り第１油出口８１側の開度と第２油出口８２側の開度と
を制御する弁体８４が設けられている。この弁体８４
は、油入口８３から流入する油の油温が設定温度よりも
高温であれば第１油出口８１（オイルクーラ９の上流
側）への油量を増大させるべく第１油出口８１側の開度
を大きく〔図２（ａ）参照。〕し、低温であれば第２油
出口８２（オイルクーラ９の下流側）への油量を増大さ
せるべく第２油出口８２側の開度を大きく〔図２（ｃ）
参照。〕する働きをするものである。At each of the circulation branch pipe lines 6a, 6b, 6c, on the downstream side of each of the on-off valves 7a, 7b, 7c, three automatic temperature control valves 8, which will be described later, are mounted. This automatic temperature control valve 8 is shown in FIGS. 2 (a), (b),
As shown in (c), a first oil outlet 81 for flowing oil upstream of the oil cooler 9, a second oil outlet 82 for flowing oil downstream of the oil cooler 9, and the oil separation and recovery A valve body 80 having an oil inlet 83 into which oil flows from the vessel 4 is provided. Inside the valve body 80, there is provided a valve body 84 for controlling the opening degree on the first oil outlet 81 side and the opening degree on the second oil outlet 82 side by operating a thermostat 85 of a set temperature described later. This valve element 84
If the oil temperature of the oil flowing from the oil inlet 83 is higher than the set temperature, the opening of the first oil outlet 81 side to increase the amount of oil to the first oil outlet 81 (upstream of the oil cooler 9). Increase the degree (see FIG. 2A). If the temperature is low, the degree of opening on the side of the second oil outlet 82 is increased to increase the amount of oil to the second oil outlet 82 (downstream of the oil cooler 9) (FIG. 2C).
reference. ].
【００１７】これら３つの自動温度調節弁８は何れも同
構成であるが設定温度が相違する。即ち、第１循環分岐
管路６ａに介装されてなる第１自動温度調節弁８ａの設
定温度は５６℃であり、第２循環分岐管路６ｂに介装さ
れてなる第２自動温度調節弁８ｂの設定温度は７５℃で
あり、また第３循環分岐管路６ｃに介装されてなる第３
自動温度調節弁８ｃの設定温度は８８℃である。そし
て、各自動温度調節弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃそれぞれの第１
油出口８１からオイルクーラ９の上流側に連通すると共
に、それぞれの第２油出口８２からオイルクーラ９の下
流側に連通している。なお、前記第１，２，３自動温度
調節弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの設定温度５６℃、７５℃、８
８℃は、前記第１温度スイッチ１ａと第２温度スイッチ
１ｂとのＯＮ−ＯＦＦによって定まる圧縮空気の最高露
点４６℃、６５℃、７８℃のそれぞれに１０℃を加算し
たものである。Although these three automatic temperature control valves 8 have the same configuration, the set temperatures are different. That is, the set temperature of the first automatic temperature control valve 8a interposed in the first circulation branch line 6a is 56 ° C., and the second automatic temperature control valve interposed in the second circulation branch line 6b. The set temperature of 8b is 75 ° C., and the third temperature is set in the third circulation branch pipe 6c.
The set temperature of the automatic temperature control valve 8c is 88 ° C. Then, the first of each of the automatic temperature control valves 8a, 8b, 8c
The oil outlet 81 communicates with the upstream side of the oil cooler 9, and the second oil outlets 82 communicate with the downstream side of the oil cooler 9. The first, second, and third automatic temperature control valves 8a, 8b, and 8c have set temperatures of 56 ° C, 75 ° C, and 8 ° C.
8 ° C. is obtained by adding 10 ° C. to each of the maximum dew points 46 ° C., 65 ° C., and 78 ° C. of the compressed air determined by ON / OFF of the first temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1b.
【００１８】前記第１，２，３各開閉弁７ａ，７ｂ，７
ｃは、何れも前記第１温度スイッチ１ａおよび前記第２
温度スイッチ１ｂのＯＮ−ＯＦＦによって、下記のよう
に開閉制御されるように構成されている。The first, second and third on-off valves 7a, 7b, 7
c is the first temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1a.
The opening and closing of the temperature switch 1b is controlled as follows by ON / OFF of the temperature switch 1b.
【００１９】(1) 第１温度スイッチ１ａと第２温度スイ
ッチ１ｂとが共にＯＦＦで、吸込み空気の温度が１５℃
以下の場合は、第１開閉弁７ａが開弁されると共に、第
２開閉弁７ｂおよび第３開閉弁７ｃが閉弁されるもので
ある。つまり、第１循環分岐管路６ａだけに潤滑油が流
れる。 (2) 第１温度スイッチ１ａがＯＮで、かつ第２温度スイ
ッチ１ｂがＯＦＦであって、吸込み空気の温度が１５℃
を超え、３０℃以下の場合は、第２開閉弁７ｂが開弁さ
れると共に、第１開閉弁７ａおよび第３開閉弁７ｃが閉
弁されるものである。つまり、第２循環分岐管路６ｂだ
けに潤滑油が流れる。 (3) 第１温度スイッチ１ａと第２温度スイッチ１ｂとが
共にＯＮで、吸込み空気の温度が３０℃を超える場合
は、第３開閉弁７ｃが開弁されると共に、第１開閉弁７
ａおよび第２開閉弁７ｂが閉弁されるものである。つま
り、第３循環分岐管路６ｃだけに潤滑油が流れる。(1) Both the first temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1b are OFF and the temperature of the intake air is 15 ° C.
In the following cases, the first on-off valve 7a is opened, and the second on-off valve 7b and the third on-off valve 7c are closed. That is, the lubricating oil flows only in the first circulation branch pipe line 6a. (2) When the first temperature switch 1a is ON and the second temperature switch 1b is OFF, the temperature of the intake air is 15 ° C.
When the temperature exceeds 30 ° C., the second on-off valve 7b is opened, and the first on-off valve 7a and the third on-off valve 7c are closed. That is, the lubricating oil flows only in the second circulation branch pipe line 6b. (3) When both the first temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1b are ON and the temperature of the intake air exceeds 30 ° C., the third on-off valve 7c is opened and the first on-off valve 7c is opened.
a and the second on-off valve 7b are closed. That is, the lubricating oil flows only in the third circulation branch pipe line 6c.
【００２０】従って、上記油冷式スクリュ圧縮機によれ
ば、圧縮機本体２が駆動されて、吸込み管路１から空気
を吸い込むと、吸込み空気の温度が１５℃以下の場合に
は、この圧縮機本体２の吐出口２ｂから、吐出管路３を
介して油分離回収器４に圧力が０．６８６５ＭＰａ（７
ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 ）の吐出空気が吐出される。一方、第１
温度スイッチ１ａと第２温度スイッチ１ｂとがＯＦＦに
なり、この最高露点が４６℃より設定温度が高温に設定
された第１乃至第３自動温度調節弁８ａ，８ｂ，８ｃの
うち、最も設定温度が低温の第１自動温度調節弁８の上
流側の第１開閉弁７ａが開弁されると共に、設定温度が
５６℃よりも高温の第２、第３自動温度調節弁８ｂ，８
ｃの上流側の第２開閉弁７ｂと第３開閉弁７ｃとが閉弁
され、設定温度が５６℃の第１自動温度調節弁８ａだけ
に潤滑油が流入する。Therefore, according to the oil-cooled screw compressor, when the compressor body 2 is driven to suck air from the suction pipe 1, when the temperature of the sucked air is 15 ° C. or less, the compression is performed. A pressure of 0.6865 MPa (7) is applied from the discharge port 2 b of the machine body 2 to the oil separation / recovery device 4 through the discharge line 3.
kgf / cm 2 ) of discharged air is discharged. Meanwhile, the first
The temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1b are turned off, and the highest set temperature among the first to third automatic temperature control valves 8a, 8b, 8c whose maximum dew point is set higher than 46 ° C. The first open / close valve 7a on the upstream side of the first automatic temperature control valve 8 whose temperature is low is opened, and the second and third automatic temperature control valves 8b and 8 whose set temperature is higher than 56 ° C.
The second on-off valve 7b and the third on-off valve 7c on the upstream side of the valve c are closed, and the lubricating oil flows only into the first automatic temperature control valve 8a having the set temperature of 56 ° C.
【００２１】そして、この第１自動温度調節弁８ａは油
分離回収器４から流入する潤滑油の温度が設定温度が５
６℃よりも高温であればオイルクーラ９の上流側に流入
させる潤滑油量を増大させて、潤滑油の多くを冷却する
一方、設定温度が５６℃よりも低温であればオイルクー
ラ９の下流側に流入させる潤滑油量を増大させて、冷却
する潤滑油量を少なくする。そのため、圧縮機本体２の
軸受、軸封部には５６℃に近い温度の潤滑油が供給さ
れ、吐出空気の温度は最高露点４６℃以上の温度に保持
される。The temperature of the lubricating oil flowing from the oil separation / recovery unit 4 is set at a temperature of 5 ° C.
If the temperature is higher than 6 ° C., the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the upstream side of the oil cooler 9 is increased to cool much of the lubricating oil. By increasing the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the side, the amount of lubricating oil to be cooled is reduced. Therefore, lubricating oil at a temperature close to 56 ° C. is supplied to the bearings and shaft seals of the compressor body 2, and the temperature of the discharge air is maintained at a maximum dew point of 46 ° C. or higher.
【００２２】また、吸込み空気の温度が１５℃を超え、
かつ３０℃以下の場合には、第１温度スイッチ１ａがＯ
Ｎになると共に、第２温度スイッチ１ｂがＯＦＦにな
り、最高露点が６５℃より設定温度が高温に設定された
第２、第３自動温度調節弁８ｂ，８ｃのうち、最も設定
温度が低温の第２自動温度調節弁８ｂの上流側の第２開
閉弁７ｂが開弁されると共に、設定温度が６５℃よりも
高温の第３自動温度調節弁８ｃの上流側の第３開閉弁７
ｃと、設定温度が６５℃よりも低温の第１自動温度調節
弁８ａの上流側の第１開閉弁７ａとが閉弁され、設定温
度が７５℃の第２自動温度調節弁８ｂだけに潤滑油が流
入する。The temperature of the suction air exceeds 15 ° C.
If the temperature is 30 ° C. or lower, the first temperature switch 1a
N, the second temperature switch 1b is turned off, and among the second and third automatic temperature control valves 8b and 8c whose maximum dew point is set to be higher than 65 ° C., the lowest set temperature is the lowest. The second on-off valve 7b on the upstream side of the second automatic temperature control valve 8b is opened, and the third on-off valve 7 on the upstream side of the third automatic temperature control valve 8c whose set temperature is higher than 65 ° C.
c, and the first on-off valve 7a upstream of the first automatic temperature control valve 8a whose set temperature is lower than 65 ° C. is closed, and only the second automatic temperature control valve 8b whose set temperature is 75 ° C. is lubricated. Oil flows in.
【００２３】そして、この第２自動温度調節弁８ｂは油
分離回収器４から流入する潤滑油の温度が設定温度が７
５℃よりも高温であればオイルクーラ９の上流側に流入
させる潤滑油量を増大させる一方、設定温度が７５℃よ
りも低温であればオイルクーラ９の下流側に流入させる
潤滑油量を増大させる。そのため、圧縮機本体２の軸
受、軸封部には設定温度７５℃に近い温度の潤滑油が供
給され、吐出空気の温度は最高露点６５℃以上の温度に
保持される。The temperature of the lubricating oil flowing from the oil separation / recovery unit 4 is set at a predetermined temperature of 7
If the temperature is higher than 5 ° C., the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the upstream side of the oil cooler 9 is increased, while if the set temperature is lower than 75 ° C., the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the downstream side of the oil cooler 9 is increased. Let it. Therefore, lubricating oil at a temperature close to the set temperature of 75 ° C. is supplied to the bearings and shaft seals of the compressor body 2, and the temperature of the discharge air is maintained at a maximum dew point of 65 ° C. or higher.
【００２４】さらに、吸込み空気の温度が３０℃を超え
る場合には、第１温度スイッチ１ａと第２温度スイッチ
１ｂとが共にＯＮになり、この最高露点が７８℃より設
定温度が高温に設定された第３自動温度調節弁８ｃの上
流側の第３開閉弁７ｃが開弁されると共に、設定温度が
７８℃よりも低温の第１自動温度調節弁８ａの上流側の
第１開閉弁７ａと、第２自動温度調節弁８ｂの上流側の
第２開閉弁７ｂとが閉弁され、設定温度が８８℃の第３
自動温度調節弁８ｃだけに潤滑油が流入する。Further, when the temperature of the intake air exceeds 30 ° C., both the first temperature switch 1a and the second temperature switch 1b are turned ON, and the maximum dew point is set to a temperature higher than 78 ° C. The third on-off valve 7c on the upstream side of the third automatic temperature control valve 8c is opened, and the first on-off valve 7a on the upstream side of the first automatic temperature control valve 8a whose set temperature is lower than 78 ° C. The second on-off valve 7b on the upstream side of the second automatic temperature control valve 8b is closed, and the third temperature of 88 ° C.
Lubricating oil flows only into the automatic temperature control valve 8c.
【００２５】そして、この第３自動温度調節弁８ｃは油
分離回収器４から流入する潤滑油の温度が設定温度が８
８℃よりも高温であればオイルクーラ９の上流側に流入
させる潤滑油量を増大させる一方、設定温度が８８℃よ
りも低温であればオイルクーラ９の下流側に流入させる
潤滑油量を増大させる。そのため、圧縮機本体２の軸
受、軸封部には設定温度８８℃に近い温度の潤滑油が供
給され、吐出空気の温度は最高露点７８℃以上の温度に
保持される。The temperature of the lubricating oil flowing from the oil separation / recovery unit 4 is set at a temperature of 8 degrees.
If the temperature is higher than 8 ° C., the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the upstream side of the oil cooler 9 is increased. On the other hand, if the set temperature is lower than 88 ° C., the amount of lubricating oil flowing into the downstream side of the oil cooler 9 is increased. Let it. Therefore, lubricating oil at a temperature close to the set temperature of 88 ° C. is supplied to the bearings and shaft seals of the compressor body 2, and the temperature of the discharge air is maintained at a maximum dew point of 78 ° C. or higher.
【００２６】本実施の形態に係る油冷式スクリュ圧縮機
によれば、上記のとおり、従来例のように高価な演算器
や湿度検出器を使用するまでもなく、潤滑油中への水分
の混入を防止することができる。従って、油冷式スクリ
ュ圧縮機自体が低コストになるのに加えて、故障が少な
くなり、油冷式スクリュ圧縮機の信頼性が向上する。さ
らに、本実施の形態に係る油冷式スクリュ圧縮機によれ
ば、吐出空気の設定温度が、上記のとおり、吸込み空気
の吸込み条件に応じて３段階に区分されており、各段階
における最悪の吸込み条件を想定しているが、吸込み空
気の吸込み条件が最悪である場合を条件にして吐出空気
の設定温度を決める一般的な方法よりも、高性能にな
り、高効率で圧縮空気を得ることができる。According to the oil-cooled screw compressor according to the present embodiment, as described above, there is no need to use an expensive arithmetic unit or humidity detector as in the conventional example, and the water in the lubricating oil can be reduced. Mixing can be prevented. Therefore, in addition to the low cost of the oil-cooled screw compressor itself, failures are reduced and the reliability of the oil-cooled screw compressor is improved. Further, according to the oil-cooled screw compressor according to the present embodiment, the set temperature of the discharge air is divided into three stages according to the suction condition of the suction air as described above, and the worst Suction conditions are assumed, but the performance is higher and the compressed air is obtained with higher efficiency than the general method of determining the set temperature of the discharge air under the worst case conditions for the suction air. Can be.
【００２７】ところで、吸込み温度が１５℃付近のとき
には外乱等に起因して、第１温度スイッチ１ａがチャタ
リングを起こし、安定した温度制御が出来なくなる可能
性がある。そのため、第１温度スイッチ１ａにヒシテリ
シスを付与したり、またこの第１温度スイッチ１ａが働
いてもある一定時間の間は自動温度制御弁が開閉しない
ように遅延タイマを採用することが好ましい。When the suction temperature is around 15 ° C., there is a possibility that the first temperature switch 1a may chatter due to disturbance or the like, and stable temperature control may not be performed. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a hysteresis to the first temperature switch 1a or employ a delay timer so that the automatic temperature control valve does not open and close for a certain period of time even when the first temperature switch 1a operates.
【００２８】なお、以上では、第１乃至３の３本の循環
分岐管路が設けられている場合を例として説明したが、
例えば潤滑油の全油量をオイルクーラ９の上流側に流入
させても、油温が５６℃以上になる場合には、第１循環
分岐管路６ａは不要であるから、循環分岐管路、開閉
弁、自動温度調節弁の数に限定されるものではない。In the above, the case where the first to third circulation branch pipes are provided has been described as an example.
For example, even if the total amount of the lubricating oil flows into the upstream side of the oil cooler 9, if the oil temperature becomes 56 ° C. or higher, the first circulation branch line 6 a is unnecessary. The number of on-off valves and automatic temperature control valves is not limited.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明の効果】以上詳述したように、本発明の請求項１
または２に係る油冷式スクリュ圧縮機では、温度検出手
段または温度スイッチで検出された吸込み空気の温度に
基づいて決定される吐出空気の露点よりも高温の設定温
度に設定された自動温度調節弁のうち、設定温度が最も
低温の自動温度調節弁の上流側の開閉弁を開弁させると
共に他の開閉弁を閉弁させる構成であるため、圧縮機本
体の軸受、軸封部に、吐出空気の露点よりも高温の潤滑
油を供給することができるので、吐出空気の温度は露点
以上の温度に保持される。As described in detail above, claim 1 of the present invention
In the oil-cooled screw compressor according to the second aspect, the automatic temperature control valve set to a set temperature higher than the dew point of the discharge air determined based on the temperature of the suction air detected by the temperature detection means or the temperature switch. Of these, the open / close valve on the upstream side of the automatic temperature control valve having the lowest set temperature is opened and the other open / close valve is closed, so that the discharge air Since the lubricating oil having a temperature higher than the dew point can be supplied, the temperature of the discharge air is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the dew point.
【００３０】従って、本発明の請求項１または２に係る
油冷式スクリュ圧縮機によれば、従来例のように高価な
演算器や湿度検出器を使用するまでもなく、潤滑油中へ
の水分の混入を防止することができるから、油冷式スク
リュ圧縮機自体が低コストになるのに加えて、故障が少
なくなり、油冷式スクリュ圧縮機の信頼性が向上すると
いう優れた効果がある。Therefore, according to the oil-cooled screw compressor according to claim 1 or 2 of the present invention, it is not necessary to use an expensive arithmetic unit or humidity detector as in the conventional example, and the oil-cooled screw compressor can be used in the lubricating oil. Since water can be prevented from being mixed in, the excellent effects of lowering the cost of the oil-cooled screw compressor itself, reducing failures, and improving the reliability of the oil-cooled screw compressor are achieved. is there.
【００３１】さらに、本発明の請求項１または２に係る
油冷式スクリュ圧縮機によれば、油流路が分岐した複数
の分岐流路のそれぞれに自動温度調節弁が設けられてい
て、吐出空気の設定温度が、吸込み空気の吸込み条件に
応じて複数段階に区分されている。そして、各段階にお
ける最悪の吸込み条件を想定しているが、吸込み条件が
複数に区分されているため、吸込み空気の吸込み条件が
最悪である場合を条件にして吐出空気の設定温度を決め
る一般的な方法よりも、高性能を発揮することができる
から、高効率で圧縮空気を得ることができるという効果
もある。Further, according to the oil-cooled screw compressor according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality of branch passages in which the oil passage branches is provided with an automatic temperature control valve. The set temperature of the air is divided into a plurality of stages according to the suction condition of the suction air. Then, the worst suction condition in each stage is assumed, but since the suction condition is divided into a plurality, the set temperature of the discharge air is generally determined on the condition that the suction condition of the suction air is the worst. Therefore, the compressed air can be obtained with high efficiency because the high performance can be exhibited as compared with the simple method.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態に係る油冷式スクリュ圧縮
機の模式的構成説明図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural explanatory view of an oil-cooled screw compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の実施の形態に係り、図２（ａ），
（ｂ），（ｃ）は油冷式スクリュ圧縮機の自動温度調節
弁の作動説明図である。FIG. 2 relates to the embodiment of the present invention and relates to FIG.
(B), (c) is an explanatory view of the operation of the automatic temperature control valve of the oil-cooled screw compressor.
【図３】従来例に係る油冷式容積型回転圧縮機の潤滑油
の循環系統図である。FIG. 3 is a circulation system diagram of lubricating oil of an oil-cooled positive displacement rotary compressor according to a conventional example.
１…吸込み管路，１ａ…第１温度スイッチ，１ｂ…第２
温度スイッチ ２…圧縮機本体，２ａ…吸込み口，２ｂ…吐出口 ３…吐出管路 ４…油分離回収器，４ａ…空気出口，４ｂ…油出口 ５…空気供給管路 ６…油循環管路，６ａ…第１循環分岐管路，６ｂ…第２
循環分岐管路，６ｃ…第３循環分岐管路 ７ａ…第１開閉弁，７ｂ…第２開閉弁，７ｃ…第３開閉
弁 ８…自動温度調節弁，８０…バルブボデイ，８１…第１
油出口，８２…第２油出口，８３…油入口，８４…弁
体，８５…サーモスタット，８ａ…第１自動温度調節
弁，８ｂ…第２自動温度調節弁，８ｃ…第３自動温度調
節弁 ９…オイルクーラ １０…フィルタ １１…ポンプDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Suction line, 1a ... 1st temperature switch, 1b ... 2nd
Temperature switch 2 Compressor body 2a Suction port 2b Discharge port 3 Discharge pipe 4 Oil separator / collector 4a Air outlet 4b Oil outlet 5 Air supply pipe 6 Oil circulation pipe , 6a ... first circulation branch line, 6b ... second
Circulating branch line, 6c Third circulation branch line 7a First open / close valve, 7b Second open / close valve, 7c Third open / close valve 8 Automatic temperature control valve, 80 Valve body, 81 First
Oil outlet, 82 second oil outlet, 83 oil inlet, 84 valve body, 85 thermostat, 8a first automatic temperature control valve, 8b second automatic temperature control valve, 8c third automatic temperature control valve 9 ... oil cooler 10 ... filter 11 ... pump
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 中村 元 兵庫県加古郡播磨町新島41 株式会社神戸 製鋼所播磨工場内 Ｆターム(参考） 3H029 AA03 AA17 AA21 AB02 BB00 BB01 BB11 BB12 BB41 BB45 BB51 CC12 CC22 CC46 CC57 CC61 Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Gen Nakamura 41 Niijima, Harima-cho, Kako-gun, Hyogo F-term in Kobe Steel, Ltd. Harima Plant (reference) 3H029 AA03 AA17 AA21 AB02 BB00 BB01 BB11 BB12 BB41 BB45 BB51 CC12 CC22 CC46 CC57 CC61
Claims (2)
吐出される吐出空気中の油分を分離回収する油分離回収
器を備え、オイルクーラが介装され、前記油分離回収器
で分離回収された油を前記圧縮機本体の軸受、軸封部に
戻す油流路を備えた油冷式スクリュ圧縮機において、前
記油流路を分岐させ、分岐させた分岐流路のそれぞれに
開閉弁を介装し、これら分岐流路の開閉弁の下流側のそ
れぞれに、第１油出口がオイルクーラの上流側に連通す
ると共に、第２油出口がオイルクーラの下流側に連通
し、分岐流路に流入する油の油温が予め設定した設定温
度よりも高温であれば第１油出口への油量を増大させ、
低温であれば第２油出口への油量を増大させる機能を備
えた自動温度調節弁を設け、前記圧縮機本体の吸込み側
に、吸込み空気の温度を検出する温度検出手段を設け、
この温度検出手段で検出された吸込み空気の温度に基づ
いて決定される吐出空気の露点よりも高温の設定温度に
設定された前記自動温度調節弁のうち、設定温度が最も
低温の自動温度調節弁の上流側の開閉弁を開弁させると
共に他の開閉弁を閉弁させるように構成したことを特徴
とする油冷式スクリュ圧縮機。1. An oil separation and recovery device that includes a compressor body and separates and recovers oil in discharge air discharged from the compressor body. An oil cooler is interposed and separated and recovered by the oil separation and recovery device. In the oil-cooled screw compressor provided with an oil flow path for returning the separated oil to the bearing of the compressor body and the shaft seal portion, the oil flow path is branched, and an on-off valve is provided for each of the branched flow paths. The first oil outlet communicates with the upstream side of the oil cooler and the second oil outlet communicates with the downstream side of the oil cooler at each of the downstream sides of the on-off valves of the branch flow paths. If the oil temperature of the oil flowing into the oil is higher than a preset temperature, the oil amount to the first oil outlet is increased,
If the temperature is low, an automatic temperature control valve having a function of increasing the amount of oil to the second oil outlet is provided, and a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the suction air is provided on the suction side of the compressor body,
Of the automatic temperature control valves set at a set temperature higher than the dew point of the discharge air determined based on the temperature of the suction air detected by the temperature detecting means, the automatic temperature control valve having the lowest set temperature is set. An oil-cooled screw compressor characterized in that it is configured to open an on-off valve on the upstream side and close another on-off valve.
吸込み側の吸込み空気の温度によってＯＮ−ＯＦＦする
複数の温度スイッチであることを特徴とする請求項１に
記載の油冷式スクリュ圧縮機。2. The oil-cooled screw compressor according to claim 1, wherein said temperature detecting means is a plurality of temperature switches that are turned on and off according to the temperature of the suction air on the suction side of said compressor body. Machine.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001112838A JP3899238B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Oil-cooled screw compressor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001112838A JP3899238B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Oil-cooled screw compressor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002310078A true JP2002310078A (en) | 2002-10-23 |
| JP3899238B2 JP3899238B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
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ID=18964167
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001112838A Expired - Fee Related JP3899238B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Oil-cooled screw compressor |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2005061900A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2007-07-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Screw compressor |
| CN104121199A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-29 | 阿耐思特岩田株式会社 | Oil cooling compressor |
| JP2018028290A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Screw compressor |
| CN113027766A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-25 | 重庆奇螺流体设备有限公司 | Oil gas cooler of variable-frequency oil injection screw air compressor and system thereof |
-
2001
- 2001-04-11 JP JP2001112838A patent/JP3899238B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2005061900A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2007-07-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Screw compressor |
| CN104121199A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-10-29 | 阿耐思特岩田株式会社 | Oil cooling compressor |
| JP2014214704A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-11-17 | アネスト岩田株式会社 | Oil-cooled compressor |
| JP2018028290A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Screw compressor |
| CN113027766A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-25 | 重庆奇螺流体设备有限公司 | Oil gas cooler of variable-frequency oil injection screw air compressor and system thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3899238B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
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