JP2002294656A - Concrete solid matter for cultivating ecosystem - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a concrete product having an effect to improve an ecosystem by utilizing a biodegradable plastics alone, or ion exchange substance, water holding substance, or characteristics of the water holding substance. SOLUTION: Pores are formed from the surface to the inside of concrete by utilizing that the biodegradable plastics mixable with cement can be degraded by bacteria, fungus, and alkali components. The biodegradable plastics alone, or ion exchange substance, water holding substance, or solid matter formed by mixing the water holding substance is mixed at the time of forming concrete beforehand, and the mixed substance is disposed in the concrete.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is based on the fact that voids are formed together with decomposition of biodegradable plastics arranged and consolidated from the surface to the inside of a solidified concrete product. Further, it is also possible to add and use a biodegradable plastic obtained by mixing an ion-exchange substance, an adsorptive substance, a water-retaining substance, etc., and then solidifying the mixture at the time of concrete molding. During use, these concrete solids decompose and lose only the internal biodegradable plastics, resulting in voids, which cause ion exchange substances,
Adsorbable substances, water retention substances, etc. remain. For this reason, it is a technology to add harmful substances trapping, water retention, and adsorptive properties required for the function of cultivating permanent ecosystems to concrete concrete.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the case of marine environment improvement works, river works, various revetment works, slope works, etc., natural concrete protection for soil retaining walls, fish reefs, algae reefs, or solidified concrete for riverbeds, etc. Consideration for landscape improvement is extremely small, and only workability, physical properties and cost have been emphasized. As a result, it has been well known and problematic that ecosystem destruction in rivers, lakes, marshes, and oceans has progressed, resulting in an extremely undesirable situation. In general, concrete molded products are molded by a mold, and the surface is almost smooth or almost irregular to some extent depending on the purpose. The reason is that production using a mold is generally performed for the purpose of mass production, and it has been difficult to form pore-shaped independent voids from the surface to the inside of the molding.

[0003] As a countermeasure, a method of mixing a hydrophobic concrete or a block by selecting an aggregate, a method of directly mixing an ion-exchange substance, an adsorbent substance, a water-retaining substance, and the like into cement to obtain a concrete solidified substance, and the like are taken. But
These had a continuous waterway, it was difficult to control the hydrophobicity, and the ecosystem cultivation function was insufficient. A method of bonding a water-retentive substance or the like to the surface of the solidified concrete with an adhesive has also been proposed, but there was a problem in selecting an adhesive having no pollution and durability.

[0004] On the other hand, it is well known that the surface of the solidified concrete is preferably uneven or has pores for the establishment and prosperity of underwater plants, land plants, moss or seaweeds. Large cavities have been favored for habitat for aquatic life. It is well known that concrete products with water retention properties are particularly desired in the land area, and it is also well known that, if they have water retention properties, water replenishment to animals and plants and the effect of preventing concrete temperature rise can be exhibited if they have water retention properties. It was the fastest way to improve vegetation.
However, in the conventional technology, there is no concrete solidified material having a cavity inside the solidified concrete and having a water retention function and a water purification function or the inside thereof, and such a technology also exists. Did not.

[0005] Conventionally, as having a cavity inside,
There were light aggregates or synthetic resin foams, etc., and there was a method of dispersing them inside solidified concrete. However, these materials could not form pores that facilitate water retention inside, hardly have water permeability, and concrete It was intended only to reduce the weight of the solidified product.

[0006] In addition, there is a porous concrete product obtained by selecting a coarse aggregate. However, the porous concrete product has a continuous hollow portion and is excellent in hydrophobicity, but cannot be expected to retain water. It was absorbed by the ground and was not very suitable for use in improving the environment for cultivating ecosystems on land.

[0007] The surface of a conventional concrete product does not have water retention, is not suitable as an environment for plant propagation, and ecosystem growth does not proceed. For this reason, the landscape was poor and environmental improvement was desired. As a countermeasure, painting the concrete surface or coloring and molding cement has been actively performed, but concrete products that are effective for environmental improvement are different from forming a full-scale plant growth environment. Was desired.

Furthermore, recent pollution of rivers, lakes, and oceans is remarkable, and this is often caused by domestic wastewater, agricultural and livestock wastewater, industrial and mining wastewater flowing into rivers, lakes, and oceans. It is not uncommon for these wastewaters to contain large amounts of harmful heavy metals, organic matter, pesticides, fertilizers, environmental hormones, etc. Conventional concrete products have the function of trapping and purifying these environmental pollutants and harmful substances. There were no concrete products.

It is well known that the growth of plants on the surface of a concrete product or block forms a habitat for insects, and also creates an environment for animals aiming at the plants as a plant chain. There is no inexpensive production method that can achieve this object, and there has been a demand for the emergence of a concrete solidified material production method that hardly changes the conventional concrete product production method and does not pollute the environment.

[0010]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that a biodegradable plastic portion disposed from the surface to the inside of a concrete product is decomposed by the action of bacteria, fungi or alkaline components in nature. Then, by forming pores according to the purpose from the concrete surface to the inside, or by placing ion-exchange substances, adsorptive substances, water-retentive substances, etc. in the interior, it absorbs fertilizers or retains water for ecosystems. It means to improve the condition suitable for breeding and to prepare the growth environment for plants and organisms. Another object of the present invention is to provide a concrete solidified for ecosystem cultivation which purifies water by absorbing harmful substances and contributes to the growth of the environment, plants and animals. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to improve the growth environment of plants, insects, and animals by applying to the modification of concrete products such as soil retaining wall construction, fish reef algae reef construction, seawall construction, housing-related environmental materials, and the like. And

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems A method of the present invention is to produce a concrete molded product by kneading biodegradable plastics or a composite material thereof together with an aggregate from the surface to the inside thereof, and from the surface of the concrete to the inside. If the product is installed at a later date, the biodegradable plastics part will be hydrolyzed by bacteria, fungi in soil or water, alkaline components of concrete, etc. The basic principle is that pores are formed by eluting outside or becoming fertilizer. In addition, as a method of removing harmful substances, trapping materials, and water retention materials inside the formed holes, mixing one or more ion exchange functional materials, water retention materials, or adsorptive materials into biodegradable plastics and molding By doing so, the surface of these substances is molded into a composite material covered with biodegradable plastics, and this composite material is used for a concrete molding. It has been discovered that it can be easily left inside the pores formed after biodegradable plastics decomposition. The pores formed on the surface of the concrete molded product are effective for the growth of aqueous plants and moss, and the growth environment is adjusted by the effect of the ion-exchange functional substance, the water-retaining substance or the adsorptive substance. The speed of decomposition of biodegradable plastics is determined by the shape of the molded product.
Unfoamed or foamed materials such as granules and powders can be used.
Eventually, the biodegradable plastics components are completely decomposed and released mainly as water and carbon dioxide. further,
Since concrete products have a lime component as a main component, exhibiting extremely strong and persistent alkalinity is particularly suitable for use for this purpose since it decomposes biodegradable plastics.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A method for manufacturing a concrete product in which biodegradable plastics, which is the basis of the present invention, is placed inside, is used for general blending using cement, aggregate, AE agent, water reducing agent and the like. What is necessary is just to add degradable plastics or its composite material, and it is possible by a general manufacturing method using a mold. FIG. 1 shows a state in which biodegradable plastics (2) are dispersed in a concrete product (1) immediately after solidification. What is important here is that the degradable plastics or composites may be dispersed throughout the concrete product, but preferably it is desirable to concentrate on the surface layer of the concrete product. The reason is that the decomposition by the action of bacteria, underwater animals and the like after the construction of the concrete product starts from the surface and spreads toward the inside. The surface layer consists of concrete soil retaining walls and blocks for ecosystem cultivation, fish reefs for ecosystem cultivation,
It is a very important part of the surface of algae reef blocks and ecosystem cultivation slope construction blocks. On the other hand, it is well known that concrete products are alkaline,
Inside, biodegradable plastics are easily decomposed due to lime alkali component caused by cement. The form of the present invention is characterized in that a degradable biodegradable plastics or a composite material thereof is kneaded and solidified inside the solidified concrete, and further, the solidified concrete is decomposed later to form a hole, and When a composite material is used, an ion-exchange substance, an adsorptive substance, a water retention substance, and the like are left inside the pores.

The biodegradable plastics used in the present invention is a biodegradable substance that can be decomposed by the action of bacteria, aquatic animals, and acidic components, does not emit harmful substances after decomposition, and is a typical example. Are polyhydroxybutyrate, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate as a microorganism production system, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol as a chemically synthesized system, cellulose acetate as a natural product utilization system, denatured cellulose, Examples include starch and the like, and a mixture of one kind or a combination of two or more kinds can be used. The shape of these biodegradable plastics can be used depending on the purpose of concrete products such as lump, granule, balloon, thread, powder,
Moreover, those foams can be used particularly effectively. or,
It is most effective to select and use those shapes and sizes according to the purpose of the concrete product. In the use of these biodegradable plastics, especially,
In the case of concrete products for revetment of rivers and lakes, it is effective to use a mixture of those having a diameter of 1 to 10 mm from the viewpoint of vegetation. In the case of algae reefs, it is effective to use one having a diameter of 10 to 50 mm.

The biodegradable plastics used in the present invention is characterized in that it does not immediately decompose when used in kneading with concrete, and is a substance that can be decomposed by the action of bacteria, aquatic animals, and alkaline components. Therefore, any material that hardly decomposes inside the concrete at the time of molding the concrete product can be used.
The curing of concrete depends on the environment to reach the full equilibrium strength, but 2-3 months is sufficient, and the biodegradable plastics decomposed by bacteria, underwater animals, and alkali components are reduced to low molecular weight and externalized. Since it elutes, it does not impair the strength of the concrete product. Therefore, it is preferable that the biodegradable plastics be completely decomposed in two to three months for early performance.

The ion exchange substance used in the present invention is:
It is an inorganic ion-exchange substance, and examples thereof include quasi-crystalline or crystalline aluminosilicates such as natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, and artificial zeolite, or phosphorus and aluminum condensed oxyacid salts, or silicalite. These substances can be mixed into the biodegradable plastics and do not dissolve in water, so that they remain in the pores after the biodegradable plastics is decomposed, and can achieve the water purifying and water retaining effects of the intended use. In particular, it is suitable for removing harmful heavy metals in ecosystems, and it is also possible to use ion-exchange substances suitable for the purpose in removing pesticides, herbicides, and the like. In particular, the ion exchange capacity (cation exchange capacity = CE
An inorganic ion-exchange functional material having a large size C) is suitable, and those having a large number of voids are preferred. The method of using the biodegradable plastics in the present invention may be used alone, but the inorganic ion-exchange substance and the biodegradable plastics are kneaded and solidified, and the mass, granular, balloon,
It is characterized in that a composite material is formed into a composite material according to the purpose of use, such as a thread or a pellet, or a foam is formed into a composite material by foaming after mixing. A product in which a composite material consisting of inorganic ion-exchangeable substances and biodegradable plastics is placed from the surface of the concrete product to the inside of the product, the decomposition of the product begins by the action of bacteria, aquatic animals, and alkaline components in sequence, and the number of days The decomposition of the biodegradable plastics is completed. At that time, a basic method of the present invention is a rational method in which the inorganic ion-exchange substance is left unaffected by biodegradation inside the pore. Furthermore, at this time, the decomposition product of the biodegradable plastics does not penetrate into the surrounding concrete part and does not cause deterioration in the strength of the concrete part. Instead, a hollow part is simply formed and the inorganic ion exchange material is stored inside. It is possible to do.

Regarding the water retention in the present invention, it is well known that the inorganic substance having an aluminosilicate crystal is a porous crystal and has water retention and adsorption as well as ion exchange properties. However, in order to sufficiently achieve the objectives of the present invention relating to water retention and adsorptivity, it is possible to further use auxiliary materials. Examples of those auxiliary materials include:
Activated carbon, peat moss, balm curite, perlite,
Examples thereof include diatomaceous earth and the like that have generally known water retention and adsorption properties. The method of using these substances is the same as the method of producing a composite material molded article made of an inorganic ion-exchange substance and biodegradable plastics, and can be used in combination with an inorganic ion-exchange substance. Furthermore, the state after decomposition of the biodegradable plastics is the same as the case where the inorganic ion-exchange substance is used alone. Properties or adsorptivity.

[0017]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist is not exceeded. Example 1 An example is described in which biodegradable plastics are arranged from the surface to the inside of a concrete product and a number of holes are formed after the decomposition. 100 parts by weight of Portland cement (made by Taiheiyo Cement), 40 parts by weight of inorganic aggregate, 45 parts of water
Parts by weight and 15% by volume of biodegradable plastic pellets were used. The biodegradable plastics pellets were manufactured by extrusion molding, and used were cylindrical with a diameter of 7 mm and a length of 10 mm. Furthermore, as a raw material of the biodegradable plastics pellets, a polylactic acid type (manufactured by Cargill Japan, trade name Ecoplay) was used. For the production of concrete products, Portland cement, inorganic aggregate, and water were put into a concrete mixer and kneaded for 15 minutes. Then, biodegradable plastic pellets were put and kneaded for another 10 minutes. This kneaded product was 10 cm thick and 10 cm wide. 30cm, length 6
It was filled in a rectangular mold of 0 cm, left in a place exposed to direct sunlight at 18 to 25 ° C. for 3 days, cured, and then demolded. After one month, the test was carried out after standing under the same conditions. For comparison, a biodegradable plastic pellet-free pellet was also prepared and used as a sample for the comparative test. Concrete products mixed with biodegradable plastic pellets manufactured in this way and concrete products not mixed are constructed under the same conditions in the river water and on the water surface, and the formation of pores on the concrete surface and plant,
The effect of the breeding status of insects was compared. In the test observation, the ecosystem changes in the underwater part and in the rising part from the water surface were compared at intervals of one month, three months, and five months. Table 1 shows the results. From these results, it was confirmed that the biodegradable plastic pellets were decomposed and pores were formed, and the ecosystem was improved.

Algae, land plants, insects

[Table 1]

Example 2 An example relating to the production of a concrete product for algae reefs using a biodegradable plastics foam and having many irregularities on the surface and holes formed from the surface to the inside is described. 100 parts by weight of Portland cement (made by Taiheiyo Cement)
40 parts by weight of inorganic aggregate, 45 parts by weight of water, and 10% by volume of biodegradable plastic foam were used. The biodegradable plastic foam is blown into the mold with a diameter of 2
This is a spherical foam having a foaming ratio of 0 mm and a foaming ratio of 25 times. The raw material used was modified starch (manufactured by Nippon Corn Starch). Portland cement, inorganic aggregate, and water were put into a concrete mixer and kneaded for 15 minutes, and then a biodegradable plastic foam was added and kneaded for another 10 minutes. This kneaded material is 30 cm thick, 30 cm wide and 60 cm long.
cm in a rectangular mold, left in a place exposed to direct sunlight at 18 to 25 ° C for 3 days, allowed to cure, and then removed from the mold.
After leaving it under the same conditions for one month, it was subjected to a test for algae reef. Furthermore, a concrete product of the same shape without mixing biodegradable plastic foam was prepared and subjected to a test for algae reef. In the test for algae reefs, they were fixed by anchors so as not to move from a fixed place 3 meters below the sea floor, and the effects of the breeding state of seagrass and aquatic organisms were compared.
The effect of the test observation was determined by observation after 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years. Table 2 shows the results. The results show that biodegradable plastics foam degrades more slowly in seawater than fresh water, but has a positive effect on ecosystem development compared to those without biodegradable plastics foam, and improved. It turned out that it was done. It can be judged that the reason for this is that after the biodegradable plastic foam was decomposed and eluted, a large number of projections and depressions were formed on the surface of the concrete for algal reef, making it optimal for the adhesion of seaweed. FIG. 39 shows the formation of uneven portions and pores after leaving the algae reef using the biodegradable plastics foam in the sea for one year.

Occurrence of seaweeds and marine animals

[Table 2]

Example 3 In order to manufacture a concrete product which is porous from the surface to the inside and incorporates a natural zeolite for the purpose of imparting water purification and water retention inside the pores, the surroundings of the natural zeolite are biodegraded. A concrete product is manufactured by using a composite material coated with a conductive plastic foam (hereinafter, referred to as a foam composite material 1) at the time of molding, and an example regarding ecological improvement using the composite product will be described. 100 parts by weight of Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement), 40 parts by weight of inorganic aggregate, 45 parts by weight of water, and 15% by volume of a foam composite were used. Foamed composite material is denatured starch (Nippon Corn Starch)
A foaming material and a natural zeolite were added to the mixture, and the mixture was molded in a mold to obtain a spherical shape having a diameter of 20 mm and an expansion ratio of 25 times. The inside contained natural zeolite having an average diameter of 12 mm. The concrete product containing the foamed composite material 1 is prepared by adding Portland cement, inorganic aggregate, and water to a concrete mixer and kneading for 15 minutes, then adding the foamed composite material and kneading for another 10 minutes. Fill a rectangular mold of 10cm, 30cm in width and 60cm in length, leave it in a place exposed to direct sunlight at 18-25 ° C for 3 days, cure it, remove it, and leave it under the same conditions for another month It was subjected to a post-test. Further, for comparison, a concrete product having the same shape without mixing the foamed composite material was prepared and used as a sample for a comparative test. The concrete product containing the foamed composite material 1 manufactured as described above and the concrete product not containing the foamed composite material 1 were subjected to the same construction and observation as in Example 1 to form pores on the concrete surface and the remaining state of the natural zeolite, plants, A comparison was made on the effects of the reproductive status of insects. Table 3 shows the results. From these results, the modified starch component of the expanded composite material was decomposed and eluted after three months, and natural zeolite remained inside the formed pores except for a part of the pores, thereby enhancing the environmental purification and water retention effects. The data judged to have been obtained.

Algae, insect occurrence

[Table 3]

Example 4 In this example, a water-retaining concrete product was manufactured by constructing a porous structure from the surface to the inside, and incorporating peat moss for the purpose of imparting water-retaining property into the inside of the hole to produce a water-retaining concrete product and to conduct a test. did. A test was conducted to assist the growth of plants and insects on the slope, and to improve the environment and aesthetics. The fibrous peat moss-containing biodegradable plastic foam to be used is a composite material in which fibrous peat moss and biodegradable plastics are kneaded and molded in advance, and the peat moss is included in the biodegradable plastics and covered (hereinafter referred to as foam Composite material 2). The fibrous peat moss used is from Sakhalin derived from moss and is artificially dried. As a concrete product, 100 parts by weight of Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement), 40 parts by weight of inorganic aggregate, 45 parts by weight of water, and 15% by volume of foam composite 2 were used. The foamed composite material is formed by adding a foaming material and fibrous peat moss to a modified starch (manufactured by Nippon Cornstarch), kneading and molding, and has a foaming ratio of 25 times, a diameter of 7 mm and a length of 10 mm.
It was extruded into a cylindrical mold, cut and manufactured. The concrete product containing the foamed composite material was charged with Portland cement, inorganic aggregate, and water into a concrete mixer and kneaded for 15 minutes, and then added with the foamed composite material 2 and kneaded for another 10 minutes. This kneaded material is thickness 10c
m, width 30 cm, length 60 cm, filled in a rectangular mold, left in a place exposed to direct sunlight at 18 to 25 ° C. for 3 days, cured, then demolded, and left under the same conditions for another month It was subjected to a post-test. Further, for comparison, a concrete product having the same shape without mixing the foamed composite material was prepared and used as a sample for a comparative test. In the concrete product containing the foamed composite material 2 used in this example, the foamed composite material 2 was concentrated and solidified on the surface during molding due to the low specific gravity of the foamed composite material. Therefore, it was easily decomposed by the influence of bacteria and fungi from the outside and the alkali content from the concrete and eluted to the outside or became fertilizer for plants, and peat moss remained inside the pores and was incorporated. The concrete product containing the foamed composite material manufactured in this way and the concrete product not containing the concrete were subjected to the same construction and observation as in Example 1 to form holes on the concrete surface and the remaining state of peat moss, plants and insects. The effect of the breeding status on the breeding was compared. Table 4 shows the results. From these results, it was determined that the modified starch component of the expanded composite material 2 was decomposed and eluted after three months, and peat moss remained in the formed pores except for a part of the pores, and the water retention effect was enhanced. .

[0024] Plant development status

[Table 4]

[0025]

According to the present invention, the biodegradable plastics alone or the biodegradable plastics and an ion-exchange substance,
Use a composite material consisting of a single or multiple combinations of water-retaining substances or adsorptive substances, dispose and disperse them inside a concrete product to make a product, and use the holes generated by the decomposition of biodegradable plastics after construction Or by leaving ion-exchange, water-retaining or adsorbing substances inside the pores to give concrete products the function of trapping environmental water, retaining water, and adsorbing harmful substances, greatly improving ecosystems. A concrete product for ecosystem cultivation that can be improved was provided.

[0026]

[Brief description of the drawings]

Fig. 1 Cross-sectional view of the arrangement of biodegradable plastics in a concrete product

[Fig. 2] Sectional view of concrete product construction example

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a biodegradable plastics composite material disassembly process.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the state of remaining ion-exchange substances, adsorbents, and water retention materials after biodegradable plastics composite material decomposition.

[0027]

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ecological cultivation concrete 2 Biodegradable plastics 3 Hole connection way 4 Soil part 5 Retaining concrete 6 Water flow part 7 Underwater part after ecological cultivation concrete construction 8 Land part after ecological cultivation concrete construction 9 Raw Degradable plastics Post-decomposition hole 10 Ion-exchange substance 11 Water-absorbing material 12 Water-retaining material

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme coat ゛ (Reference) E02D 17/20 104 E02D 17/20 104Z 29/02 311 29/02 311

Claims (3)

[Claims] Claims 1. Bacteria, fungi,
A biodegradable substance that can be decomposed by an alkali component (hereinafter referred to as biodegradable plastics) is placed and consolidated. Solidified concrete for ecosystem cultivation, characterized in that pores are formed. 2. The concrete solidified product for cultivating an ecological system according to claim 1, wherein a biodegradable plastics is used as a biodegradable plastics, which is a microorganism-producing system, a chemical synthesis system, or a natural product utilizing system. 3. The concrete according to claim 1, wherein a solid composite material obtained by mixing one or more of an ion-exchange inorganic substance, an adsorbent substance and a water-retentive substance with the biodegradable plastics is added at the time of cement kneading. A concrete solidified for ecosystem cultivation characterized by being placed and consolidated inside.