JP2002281847A - Seedbed structure for water culture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seedbed structure for a water culture, increasing the harvested amount of crops in the water culture, improving their quality and enabling an easy treatment of the seedbed structure after its use. SOLUTION: This seedbed structure for a water culture constituted by a burn-treatable and/or biodegradable seedbed material for the water culture, and a burn-treatable and/or biodegradable packing material for packing the above seedbed material for the water culture, is characterized by that the seedbed material for the water culture is constituted by a cotton like material of a natural or synthetic fibrous organic compound singly or a mixture of it with a particle state carbonized material, and the above packing material is a water-penetrating sheet state material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a nursery structure for hydroponic cultivation, and more particularly, to the efficiency of hydroponic cultivation of crops and to a remarkable improvement in crop yield and quality.
The present invention relates to a nursery structure for hydroponics that is easy to treat after use and is environmentally friendly.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a hydroponic cultivation method has been practiced as a system for efficiently controlling and supplying fertilizer for the purpose of improving the yield and quality of vegetable crops such as vegetables. There are various types of nurseries used for hydroponic cultivation, and the nurseries are made of sponge-like porous plastics such as polyethylene resin and polyurethane resin, or inorganic fibers such as glass fiber and rock wool. Aggregates of wet and dry nonwovens are used. However, these have a problem that a large amount of fossil energy resources are consumed in manufacturing, molding, drying steps, and the like. In addition, hydroponics is generally performed at room temperature covered with glass or vinyl film, and is not affected by the season at a relatively high temperature. It cannot be used, and those generally used at present are poorly decomposable and require energy for disposal. Especially, those made from inorganic fibers are difficult to treat nursery waste after use,
When discarded in soil as it is, it does not disappear and may cause soil contamination. Because it is an inorganic substance, it cannot be incinerated, and it is necessary to recycle or change its shape and reuse or dispose of it by heat melting treatment. There was a drawback that the consumption of the waste was forced.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention improves the cultivation efficiency of crops and makes it easy to incinerate, and more desirably, biodegradable water in the treatment of nursery waste after the use of hydroponic nurseries. An object of the present invention is to provide a nursery structure for cultivation.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a nursery bed material for hydroponic cultivation and a packaging material for packaging the nursery bed material. The present invention has led to the invention of a nursery structure for hydroponic cultivation, comprising a nursery material composed of a substance which can be incinerated and / or biodegradable after use and a packaging material for packaging the nursery material.

[0005] The present invention includes the following inventions. (1) Hydroponic cultivation nursery material that can be incinerated and / or biodegradable and a hydroponic and / or biodegradable wrapping material obtained by packaging the hydroponic nursery material A nursery structure, wherein the nursery material for hydroponics is composed of a cotton-like substance of a natural or synthetic fibrous organic compound alone or a mixture with a particulate carbonized substance, and the packaging material is a water-permeable sheet-like substance. Nursery structure for cultivation.

(2) The nursery structure for hydroponics according to (1), wherein the cotton-like substance of the natural fibrous organic compound is a cellulose-containing substance.

(3) The cellulose-containing substance according to (2), wherein the cellulose-containing substance is wood pulp, waste paper pulp, and / or a cellulose-containing substance of screen lees and pulper lees discharged from the production process thereof alone or in a mixture thereof. Nursery bed structure for hydroponics.

(4) The nursery structure for hydroponics according to (1), wherein the granular carbonized substance is a granular carbonized substance obtained by carbonizing a cellulose-containing substance selected from woody or non-woody plants.

(5) The water-permeable sheet material is at least one selected from the group consisting of natural fiber, wood pulp, waste paper pulp, regenerated cellulose, cellulose derivative, and thermoplastic resin fiber. Alternatively, the nursery structure for hydroponics according to (1), which is a woven fabric or a porous film of a thermoplastic resin.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As a nursery material for hydroponic cultivation used in the present invention, natural materials include wood fibers, non-wood fibers such as cotton and hemp, and wood pulp produced from the woody and non-woody plants. , Non-wood pulp, and vegetable fiber such as waste paper pulp, and furthermore, wood pulp and / or
Alternatively, cellulose-containing fibers such as screen waste and pulper waste discharged in the production process of waste paper pulp and the like are included. Further, animal fibers such as silk and wool are also included.

Examples of the synthetic material include regenerated cellulose fibers such as viscose rayon and copper ammonia rayon; cellulose derivative fibers such as cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose;
And polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene,
There are melt-spun fibers of thermoplastic resins such as polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane and polylactic acid, alone or in combination, or copolymers of these monomers. In addition, a mixture of these natural products and synthetic products is also included, and one that does not generate toxic gas such as chlorine at the time of incineration and is biodegradable is particularly preferable.

These seedling materials for hydroponic cultivation are used to settle cultivated plants, have a softness suitable for seed germination and rooting, allow a hydroponic culture medium to be easily distributed, and supply water to the crops. Water retention is required. From these points, a cotton-like substance of a fibrous organic compound is suitable, and in particular, a cotton-like substance of a cellulose-containing substance is suitable.

[0013] The fibrous organic compound is preferably a flocculence of a single fiber or a flocculent substance in which a plurality of single fibers are entangled and partially aggregated in the air to have a different fiber concentration. These flocculent substances can be produced by repeatedly colliding the fiber aggregate with a solid in an air stream at high speed, thereby applying a shearing force to the fiber aggregate to make it substantially monofilament. In addition, in order to easily distribute the culture solution for hydroponics to the nursery bed for hydroponics, the apparent density of the fibrous organic compound flocculent material is important. If the apparent density is low, the independence of the crop becomes unstable, and if it is too high, the distribution of the hydroponic culture solution is hindered. The apparent density of the fibrous organic compound is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.20 g / cm < ³ > in terms of the solid content on a dry basis in terms of the apparent density of the cotton-containing material of the cellulose-containing fiber in the air. It is not necessary to dry the fibrous material of the fibrous organic compound, and it is better that the fibrous organic compound contains appropriate water.However, the fibrous organic compound contains such a large amount of water that it cannot maintain a flocculent shape in the air. If so, it is necessary to dehydrate appropriately.
As such a water content, for a cellulose-containing substance, the water content is preferably from 15% to 85%, and more preferably from 30% to 70%. If it is less than 15%, the fluidity of the hydrate of the cellulose-containing substance is lost, and if it exceeds 85%, the maximum concentration reached by mechanical compression is exceeded, so this range can be said to be an appropriate moisture range. When mixing carbides, if the water content is low, static electricity is likely to be generated, and it is difficult to mix due to the repulsion of static electricity. When appropriate moisture is present in the fibers, the carbides easily adhere to the fibers via the water, and the fibers are easily mixed uniformly.

In growing crops, planting a crop by plowing a small amount of carbide as a soil improving material is
It is known that charcoal has a property of adsorbing and holding a fertilizer component applied to a crop and gradually releasing the fertilizer component, and thus has an effect on the growth of the crop. The charcoal of the nursery material for hydroponics used in the present invention includes fossil fuel-based charcoal such as coal and petroleum, such as coke and petroleum coke, and also uses organic charcoal such as plastic such as polyacrylonitrile. It is possible. However, the use of a cellulose-containing substance, which is renewable biomass, as a raw material for carbides is recommended from the viewpoints of global environmental conservation and global resource conservation, rather than carbonizing limited fossil resources.

Examples of the cellulose-containing substance include by-products of agricultural products such as rice straw and straw, non-woody fiber plants such as bagasse, hemp, and kenaf, and wood, bark, branches, fruits, leaves, and the like.
Includes fragments, strips and / or powders composed solely or as a mixture of two or more of the various constituents of trees such as roots. In addition, wood pulp and non-wood pulp produced from woody or non-woody plants, paper and paperboard products produced from these pulp, waste paper, and waste paper pulp produced from this waste paper, and these Broken paper, screen lees, pulper lees, pulp sludge, paper sludge, activated sludge obtained by treating wastewater with activated sludge, and the like generated in the production process of the above. Also, regenerated cellulose, cellulose derivatives and the like are included. In particular, wood, wood bark, and charcoal of bamboo have harmful substance adsorption and antibacterial properties, and have an effect of suppressing the occurrence of mold and the like in hydroponic cultivation in a hot and humid state.

A single substance or a mixture of these cellulose-containing substances is dried as it is, a water-containing substance is dehydrated to an appropriate concentration, and the mixture is stirred in a fluidized-bed furnace, a fluidized-bed moving furnace, a rotary kiln, a screw-moved furnace, a multistage stirred furnace, or the like. 300-10
Includes carbides carbonized at a temperature of 00 ° C. further,
Activate these carbides in an inert gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon or the like that activates these carbides, or steam in a high temperature atmosphere of about 400 to 1100 ° C., or zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, or phosphoric acid. The substance is added and carbonized in a carbonization furnace or activated in an activation furnace. The particle size of the granular carbide is about 5 μm to 10 mm,
If the particle size is too small, it will flow out into the culture solution for hydroponic cultivation, polluting the culture station, and may hinder plant growth.If the particle size is too large, uniform mixing with fibrous organic matter becomes difficult,
There is a problem that it affects the establishment of plants and that the effect of adding carbide to the hydroponic cultivation nursery is reduced.

A water-permeable porous sheet is used as the packaging material for the hydroponic nursery bed material used in the present invention. This means that the nursery material for hydroponics must be packaged, the culture solution for hydroponics must be easily circulated, and air must also be circulated. Further, when planting and growing seedlings and seeds, growing the roots, harvesting, and then disposing, it is desired that the same shape as that at the start of use is maintained. During use, the packaging material should not be damaged, and the flocculent material or char of fibrous organic compounds must not dissipate in the hydroponic culture.
Suitable packaging materials include natural fibers, wood pulp, waste paper pulp, and / or regenerated cellulose, cellulose derivatives, wet or dry nonwoven fabrics or woven fabrics of thermoplastic resin fibers alone or in combination, and water permeable materials such as porous films of thermoplastic resins. A sheet material having a property is used. As the thermoplastic resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane, polylactic acid alone or a mixture of two or more thereof, or a copolymer of these monomers and the like. .

The packaging material can be set to a desired wet strength by a hydroponic cultivation apparatus. However, if the packaging material is exposed in a flat manner, the packaging material is not damaged during hydroponic cultivation and the fiber is not damaged. In order that the flocculent substance or the carbide of the organic compound is not dissipated in the culture solution for hydroponic culture, the sheet substance preferably has a wet strength of 0.8 kg / 100 m or more.

A nursery structure in which a nursery material composed of the above-mentioned fibrous organic compound alone or a mixture with a particulate carbonized material is packed with a water-permeable sheet-like material is formed according to the shape of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus. When the packaging material is formed in a bag shape, the seedbed material does not dissipate in the hydroponic cultivation device and can be easily attached to and detached from the hydroponic cultivation container. In addition, it can be used in a three-dimensional or mobile manner, and furthermore, the disposal of the nursery structure itself is easy.

[0020]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but it should not be construed that the present invention is limited thereto.

Example 1 A nursery material was discharged from a screen process in a deinked pulp manufacturing process for used newspaper and the pulp concentration was 3 using a screw press.
The screen residue dehydrated to 5% is passed through a wet pulp fibrillation machine (manufactured by Kumagaya Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the screen residue is fibrillated. A basis weight of 18 g / m ² produced from PET / PE composite fiber by a card air-through method as a packaging material
Non-woven fabric (Kuraflex, manufactured by Kuraray) with a diameter of 8
Into a bag heat-sealed into a bag having a size of 40 cm, a mixture of 40 g equivalent of dried flour and 40 g of ceramic charcoal (manufactured by Carboace Cooperative Carbotech Hida) is sufficiently mixed and filled, and compressed to a height of 8 cm. Then, a nursery structure for hydroponics was prepared. This was subjected to three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation of tomato.

Example 2 Aliphatic polyester resin (Bionole,
Except for using a biodegradable spunbonded nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 30 g / m ² manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd., the same procedure as in Example 1 was used. Using this, a nursery structure for hydroponics was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and used for three-dimensional hydroponics of tomato.

A nursery structure for hydroponic cultivation was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a dry nonwoven fabric (Kinocloth, manufactured by Oji Kinocross) having a basis weight of 40 g / m ² made of wood pulp was used as a packaging material. The tomato was used for three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation.

Comparative Example 1 As in the conventional product, a rock wool laminate as a nursery material was rounded into a cylinder having a diameter of 8 cm and a height of 8 cm to obtain a nursery for hydroponics. This was subjected to three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation of tomato in the same manner as in Example 1.

Table 1 shows the results of hydroponic cultivation of the tomatoes of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1. (Harvested Amount) The harvested amount is shown as a ratio when the harvested amount of the comparative example is set to 100%. (Sugar content) Handheld refractometer N-20E manufactured by Adago Co., Ltd. (measurement range 0 to 20%, minimum scale 0.1%)

[0026]

[Table 1]

As is apparent from Table 1, in the case of the embodiment in which the nursery structure for hydroponics according to the present invention is used as a nursery for hydroponics, hydroponics using rock wool of a comparative example, which is a conventional method. Compared with the cultivated nursery, the yield is increased, the sugar content of the harvest is also improved, indicating that the quality is improved. In addition, the workability of the rock wool of the comparative example for attaching and detaching to and from the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device was poor, and labor was required for disposal after use. The treatability of the hydroponic nursery waste after hydroponic cultivation is used is that the hydroponic nursery structure of the present invention uses an incineration treatment and / or a biodegradable treatment, and the lock of the comparative example is used. It can be said that the processing property is superior to wool.

[0028]

According to the present invention, not only the yield of hydroponic crops can be increased, but also the quality of the crops can be improved, and the disposal of hydroponic nursery waste after use is improved. Provides the effect of being good.

Claims (5)

[Claims] The present invention relates to a hydroponics nursery material capable of incineration and / or biodegradation, and a packaging material capable of being incinerated and / or biodegradable for packaging the hydroponic nursery material. A nursery structure for cultivation, wherein the nursery material for hydroponic cultivation is composed of a cotton-like substance of a natural or synthetic fibrous organic compound alone or a mixture with a particulate carbonized substance, and the packaging material is formed of a water-permeable sheet. A nursery structure for hydroponics, which is a substance. 2. The nursery structure for hydroponics according to claim 1, wherein the hydroponic nursery material is a cellulose-containing substance. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose-containing substance is wood pulp,
The nursery structure for hydroponic cultivation according to claim 2, which is a waste paper pulp and / or a screen lees discharged from the production process thereof or a cellulose-containing substance of the pulper lees alone or a mixture thereof. 4. The seedbed structure for hydroponics according to claim 1, wherein the granular carbonized substance is a granular carbonized substance obtained by carbonizing a cellulose-containing substance selected from woody or non-woody plants. object. 5. The water-permeable sheet material comprises natural fibers,
Claims: At least one selected from wood pulp, waste paper pulp, regenerated cellulose, cellulose derivatives, and thermoplastic resin fibers, alone or in combination, as a wet or dry nonwoven fabric or woven fabric, or a porous film of a thermoplastic resin. Item 6. The nursery structure for hydroponics according to Item 1.