JP4209049B2 - Carbonaceous plant cultivation floor and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbonaceous plant cultivation floor which is a carbonized material such as waste paper, wood pieces, bamboo pieces, etc. and can be used for cultivation of plants in place of soil, rock wool, etc. and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in addition to normal soil, moss such as rock wool, citrus moss, and peat moss are often used as a culture medium for plant seeds, seedling raising beds, hydroponics, house cultivation, and the like.
[0003]
Of these, rock wool is difficult to recycle, and disposal after use is a problem. In addition, most of the moss is dependent on imports, so there is no prospect that it can be supplied in large quantities in the future. Therefore, instead of the medium material as described above, there is a demand for an inexpensive material that is free from disposal problems and resource-related restrictions.
[0004]
In recent years, many attempts to effectively use waste as a plant cultivation material have been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-2224044 proposes a plant cultivation base material made of paper powder discharged in paper and / or corrugated cardboard cutting, or wet, molded and dried and solidified. Yes. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-23769 discloses a plant cultivation tool formed by pressurizing soft foam waste and molding it into a desired shape with an adhesive. Furthermore, JP-A-9-98681 discloses a culture medium for hydroponics, in which crushed wood grains are heat-compressed without adding an adhesive.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The recycling of fiber waste such as waste paper, wood waste, and bamboo waste is a problem. Waste paper has been used for recycling, but there are problems with paper quality and price. Efforts have also been made to find some uses for wood waste, bamboo waste, etc., but it is still difficult to say that appropriate means of reuse have been obtained.
[0006]
As one of the uses of such fibrous waste, it is conceivable to use it as a material for plant cultivation. However, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-2224044 is a paper generated at the time of cutting processing such as cardboard. It uses powder and cannot be used as it is. Also, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-98681 uses crushed wood grains and cannot use waste paper.
[0007]
As a result of various investigations on the use of such fibrous waste as a material for plant cultivation, the present inventors have carbonized this under appropriate conditions to obtain a cultivation bed having pores suitable for plant growth. It was found that formation was possible.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is a means for reusing fiber waste such as waste paper, wood waste and bamboo waste as a plant cultivation floor, and can be widely used regardless of the type and shape of waste, for the growth of plants. An object of the present invention is to provide a suitable carbonaceous plant cultivation floor and a method for producing the same.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
Paper clay or clay-like material kneaded with fiber plant fragments such as wood chips, bamboo scraps, rice husks, etc. is molded into a solid molded body with a flower pot shape, planter shape, hanging pot shape or plate shape, and the molding It is a carbonaceous plant cultivation bed formed by carbonizing the body to form pores with a porosity of 40 to 80% .
[0010]
Further, in the method for producing a cultivation floor as described above , water or water and a thickener are added to shredded waste paper and kneaded into a paper clay shape, which is then molded into a predetermined shape cold or hot. A method for producing a carbonaceous plant cultivation floor, wherein the molded body is heated to 600 ° C. or more in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and carbonized.
[0011]
Furthermore, in the manufacturing method described above, when waste paper is kneaded into a paper clay shape, by adding fibrous plant fragments such as wood chips, bamboo scraps, rice husks, etc. to the growth of plants in the carbonized molded body It is a method for producing a carbonaceous plant cultivation bed characterized by forming a suitable pore.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the property of the carbonaceous plant cultivation floor of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the main cultivation floor) will be described. The main cultivation floor is made of paper clay or clay-like material kneaded with fiber plant fragments, molded into a predetermined shape and carbonized, and has innumerable pores inside. It is a feature.
[0013]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the state of generation of pores in a main cultivation floor molded into a flower pot shape. As can be seen in the figure, numerous pores 2 are formed in the entire cross section of the molded body 1, the pore diameter is about 0.1 to 2 mm, and the pore length is 0.5 to 10 mm.
[0014]
The porosity is about 40 to 80%, depending on the molding pressure, and the bulk density of the main cultivation floor is about 0.5 to 1.5 g / cm ³ . In general, when only paper clay is used, the pores are small and the porosity is low, but when dried fiber plant fragments such as wood chips, bamboo scraps, rice husks, etc. are mixed, the pores are large and the porosity is high. Become more suitable for plant growth.
[0015]
Further, when the generation state of pores is observed in detail, relatively large pores are formed in the outer portion of the molded body 1 (outside the broken line in FIG. 1) and the number of pores is small, but the inside (inside the broken line) has no pores. Small and has many pores. This is presumed that the gas generated in the carbonization process coalesces, and the outer portion of the molded body has a larger amount of passing gas, so that large pores are formed.
[0016]
Furthermore, the carbonaceous material that is a continuous phase also has higher hardness and strength on the outer side and lower strength on the inner side. Therefore, when the root of a plant grows inside the main cultivation floor, it is considered that the continuous phase is easily destroyed and the effect of not inhibiting the growth of the root is obtained.
[0017]
Furthermore, if the density of the molded body 1 is too low, it may not be able to withstand handling. At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to form the high density portion 3 on the outside and carbonize it so that the low density portion 4 exists on the inside.
[0018]
As the shape of the main cultivation floor, various shapes can be selected depending on the purpose of use. For example, when it is used as a nursery bed for seeding and growing seedlings, a plate shape such as a rectangle having a thickness of about 3 to 10 cm may be used. Moreover, what is necessary is just to shape | mold in the planter shape, such as a flower pot shape, a rectangle, or a hanging pot shape, when using it for the ornamentation of the flower in a room | chamber interior or a veranda. What is necessary is just to select the magnitude | size suitably by the flower which becomes object.
[0019]
Next, the manufacturing method of the carbonaceous plant cultivation floor of this invention is demonstrated.
First, shred the used paper using a shredder or mixer. Water or water and a thickener (for example, pulp waste liquid, thermosetting resin liquid, etc.) are added to this and kneaded sufficiently to form a paper clay. The amount of water added at this time may be adjusted as appropriate while judging the deformability of the paper clay by touch or the like, but it is usually added about 2 to 50 times by weight with respect to the waste paper.
[0020]
Next, this paper clay is molded cold or hot using a predetermined formwork. Usually, it can be easily molded in the cold, but in the case of mass production, it can be molded in the hot and directly connected to the carbonization step. In the case of cold forming, it is not necessary to use a special material for the mold, and for example, a normal unglazed pot may be used.
[0021]
Because the porosity and strength of the main cultivation floor after carbonization are greatly different depending on the molding pressure, this can be used as a means for controlling the porosity and strength, but usually only by pressing the compression plate manually. Those having appropriate porosity and strength can be obtained.
[0022]
Furthermore, this molded body is carbonized using a carbonization furnace after being dried in the sun or a drier as required. The carbonization furnace needs to be heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (an inert atmosphere having an O ₂ concentration of about 1% or less). If the heating rate is too high during heating, the product may be cracked. Therefore, the heating rate is preferably 20 ° C./min or less between 250 ° C. and 450 ° C.
[0023]
The carbonization temperature needs to be 600 ° C. or higher, and is kept in this temperature range for a predetermined time so that almost no volatile gas is generated. The carbonization temperature is preferably a higher temperature, for example, 800 ° C. or higher, but is 600 ° C. or higher, and can be sufficiently carbonized by extending the holding time to some extent.
[0024]
In the production method of the present invention, as means for making the pore size and porosity more suitable for plant growth, in the step of making the above-mentioned waste paper into a paper clay state, dried fibers such as wood chips, bamboo chips, rice husks, etc. It is effective to add quality plant strips. Sawdust may be used as it is for wood waste and bamboo waste, or processed waste other than sawdust and waste wood bamboo material crushed to an appropriate size (about 1 to 10 mm) may be used.
[0025]
For example, it has been confirmed that by adding about 10% by weight of such fiber plant fragments to the waste paper, the pore diameter is increased by about 1.5 times and the porosity is increased by about 30%.
[0026]
Next, the usage method and effect of the main cultivation floor will be described.
Innumerable pore openings and small irregularities are formed on the surface of the main cultivation floor. Therefore, when seeded in this, plant seeds stay in the pores and recesses and germinate. The germination rate is good because it is more sterile than normal soil at the time of germination and is less susceptible to the influence of wrinkles, germs, pests and the like even during growth.
[0027]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the growth status of plant roots on the main cultivation floor. The plant root 5 initially grows along the pores 2 of the molded body 1, but when the root becomes thick to some extent, it breaks down the carbonaceous material that is a continuous phase and grows. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, a carbonaceous collapsed portion 6 (inside the broken line in the figure) is formed in a portion where the roots are dense, and the root can grow relatively freely in this portion. .
[0028]
A large number of pores are formed inside the main cultivation floor, and the air permeability is good. Moreover, since it has moderate water retention and drainage, the growth of roots in the main cultivation floor is as good as or better than that of conventional cultivation media. In addition, since the main cultivation floor itself does not include nutrients, it is necessary to supply nutrient solution as in hydroponics. Watering may be performed in the same manner as in the case of a conventional cultivation medium. As described above, the main cultivation floor can be cultivated from plant germination to growth without replanting.
[0029]
The main cultivation bed can also be used as a nursery bed that grows from germination to a seedling of a predetermined size. In this case, when replanting the seedling, as shown in FIG. 4A, if the surface of the cultivation floor around the main stem 7 of the seedling (shaded portion in the figure) is scraped off with a knife or the like, carbon around the root Since the quality decay part is formed, the seedling can be taken out without damaging the roots. Although this collapsed part has been pulverized to some extent, most of it maintains the state of adhering to the roots, so it is possible to trade seedlings in this state without storing it in a plastic container etc. .
[0030]
Further, the main cultivation floor can be used as a growth bed for seedlings grown in another place. In this case, as shown in FIG.4 (b), the recessed part 8 of a predetermined magnitude | size is previously formed in the surface of a main cultivation floor, and the seedling 10 to which the nursery bed culture medium material 9 adhered to this should be planted.
[0031]
The main cultivation floor can be used repeatedly. That is, if the main cultivation floor is reheated in an inert atmosphere after removing the plant body, the roots clogged in the pores are decomposed and the air permeability is restored. Therefore, it can be used again as a cultivation bed by filling the concave portions generated on the surface with an appropriate material as necessary. Eventually, burning as charcoal will not cause any problems.
[0032]
In addition, when the main cultivation floor is used for indoor horticulture, it has an effect of helping to purify the indoor environment. That is, since the main cultivation floor has an adsorption action as charcoal, it is effective as an indoor deodorant. Moreover, since it has the effect | action which adsorb | sucks the fine floating substance in a room and wash | cleans this at the time of irrigation, the effect which reduces an indoor spider, fungi, a micro pest, etc. can be anticipated with the cleaning of air.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it has become possible to effectively use fiber waste such as waste paper, wood waste, bamboo waste, etc., and reuse it as a plant cultivation floor. Moreover, when this is used for indoor horticulture, the effect of purifying the indoor environment is great.
[0034]
The plant cultivation floor of the present invention is inexpensive, can be used repeatedly without resource restrictions, and can be used not only for indoor horticulture but also as a plant cultivation floor for general agriculture.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the production status of pores in a carbonaceous plant cultivation floor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a cross-sectional structure in the case where the outer portion is made dense in the carbonaceous plant cultivation floor of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the growth status of plant roots on the carbonaceous plant cultivation floor of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a method of using the carbonaceous plant cultivation bed of the present invention, FIG. 4 (a) shows a method of taking out seedlings when used as a nursery bed, and FIG. 4 (b) shows replanting of seedlings. It is a figure explaining a method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Molded body 2 Pore 3 High density part 4 Low density part 5 Plant root 6 Carbonaceous decay part 7 Main stem of seedling 8 Recessed part of cultivation bed 9 Nursery bed medium material 10 Seedling

Claims (3)

A clay-like product obtained by kneading paper clay or a fibrous plant fragment such as wood waste, bamboo waste, rice husk, etc. is molded into a solid molded body having a flower pot shape, planter shape, hanging pot shape or plate shape , A carbonaceous plant cultivation floor obtained by carbonizing a molded body to form pores having a porosity of 40 to 80% . It is a manufacturing method of the cultivation floor of Claim 1 , Comprising: Water or water and a thickener are added to the shredded waste paper, and it knead | mixes in paper clay shape, and this is made into a predetermined shape cold or hot. A method for producing a carbonaceous plant cultivation floor, comprising molding and heating the molded body to 600 ° C. or more in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to carbonize. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the used paper is kneaded into a paper clay shape, fiber plant fragments such as wood chips, bamboo scraps, rice husks, etc. are added thereto to adapt to the growth of the plant in the carbonized molded body. A method for producing a carbonaceous plant cultivated floor, characterized in that formed pores are formed.

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