JP2002281813A - Method and machine for harvesting beans - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for harvesting beans, capable of keeping highly qualified bean seeds in early-season harvesting, capable of preventing the seeds from being lost, and capable of harvesting the seeds without being influenced by the weather. SOLUTION: In this method for harvesting the beans, bean pods are scraped by remaining stems C in a farm field, then only full-ripe seeds C1 are threshed from the pods, and further the full-ripe seeds C1 and immature seeds C2 are each separated from seed vessels and leaves C3.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a machine for harvesting legumes, and more particularly to a method for harvesting only pods while leaving stems in a field, and a harvester specifically implementing the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Beans are harvested by cutting down the stems, leaving them as they are, drying them to some extent, picking them up, stacking them, drying them further, ripening them, and then removing the pods and harvesting the seeds. Although the methods have been implemented, these operations are extremely time consuming and labor intensive and are highly dependent on the weather.

[0003] Recently, due to a decrease in the producer population, an early harvesting method has been performed in which harvesting is performed before drying is complete. It is difficult to remove the pods and separate them from the stem, and the pods may be discharged from the depoding machine in the pod state or on the stem. In other words, although the early harvesting method is a method to cope with the decrease in the producer population, on the other hand, there are deterioration in grain quality, seed removal, and contaminants. .

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a high quality grain in early harvesting, to suppress loss, and to achieve a beans harvest that is not largely affected by the weather. The purpose is to provide a pulse harvester.

[0005]

The technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is to scrape off the pods while leaving the stems C in the field, and to remove the ripe grains C from the pods.
This is a harvesting method in which only 1 is removed from the pods, and the mature pods C1, the immature pods C2, and the others are selected. (Claim 1) That is, in the early stage of harvesting, only the pods are harvested at all, and only the ripe pods are removed from the pods, thereby protecting the immature grains containing much water as pods. Can be. Then, the dematured ripe grain C1, the unripe pod C2, the other bean pods, and the leaves C3 are selected, respectively.
The fully matured grain C1 may be harvested as it is, the immature pod C2 may be further dried and depoded, and the pods and leaves C3 may be discarded.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In order to concretely realize the first aspect of the present invention, a traveling type bean harvester is provided. Sorting section 3
The harvesting unit 1 scrapes the pods while leaving the stems C in the field, and removes only the fully matured seeds C1 from the pods,
The selection unit 3 can be achieved by the harvester A, which sorts the matured grain C1, the unripened pod C2, and the others. (Claim 2)

[0007] The harvesting unit 1 is provided with a rotator 11 having a depoding means capable of scraping the pods while rotating on both sides of the stem C and removing the pods. (Claim 3) For example, as shown in FIG.
2, the brush-like portion peels off the pods and removes the pods as the rotating body 11 rotates. (Claim 4) In other words, by rubbing the stem while the brush-like portion 12 rotates, the pods are separated from the stalks C, and at the same time, the ripe pods are depoded. Bean pods and leaves C3 are sent to the sorting unit 3, and immature pods C2 are sent to the sorting unit 3 without being removed. The brush-like portion 12 has a hardness that does not damage the pod and grain, and is preferably made of, for example, a synthetic resin represented by nylon.
The depoding means is, for example, a screw-shaped projection as shown in FIG. 4, and the screw-shaped projection removes the pod and removes the pod with the rotation of the rotating body. (Claim 5) That is, similarly to the brush-like portion 12, the screw-like projection 12 'rotates and rubs the stem C, thereby separating the pod from the stalk C and removing the ripe pod. Then, the dematured mature grain C1, the pods and leaves C3 are sent to the sorting section 3, and the immature pods C2 are sent to the sorting section 3 without being unhulled.

The stalk C from which the pods have been stripped is cut down after harvesting and used as fertilizer in the field as it is, or collected. However, in the present invention, it is necessary to cut down the stalks simultaneously with the harvesting operation. And a cutter 21 for cutting down the harvested stem C. (Claim 5) That is, by cutting down the stem C while performing the harvesting operation, the cutting operation after harvesting can be omitted. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the present invention includes a fixing means 2 for fixing the stem C to leave it in the field, in order to scrape only the pods. (Claim 6) That is, since the fixing means 2 prevents the stem C from coming off by fixing the stem C and prevents the pods from being harvested together with the stalks, it is more reliable to harvest only the pods. Can be done.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, a harvester A according to the present embodiment travels while being towed by a towing vehicle B (for example, a tractor). Harvests beans. In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates a harvesting unit,
Numeral 2 is a fixing means, 3 is a sorting unit, and a grain tank 4 and a pod tank 5 for storing the separated matured seeds C1 and immature pods C2, respectively. It is provided with a practical lifting machine 6 for transporting actual C2 and a practical lifting machine 7 for pods, and a blower 8 for blowing off beans and leaves outside the machine. The harvesting process will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIG. 2, the pods are scraped off from the stem C in the harvesting unit 1, and only the fully-ripened pods are removed from the pods. Pod C
2 and the bean pods and leaves C3 are sent to the sorting unit 3, and the fully matured seeds C1 selected by the sorting unit 3 are transferred to the seed tank 4 via the practical lifting machine 6, and the immature pods C2 are transferred via the practical pod lifting machine 7. The bean pods and the leaves C3 are conveyed to the seed pod tank 5, and are discharged outside the machine by the blower 8 in the sorting unit 3. In this embodiment, a drawing for explaining the harvester A is schematically shown.

[0010] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3,
It has two upper and lower rotating bodies 11 located on the left and right of the stem C, respectively. It should be noted that the number of rotating bodies is not limited to the illustrated number, but is arbitrarily determined according to the type of beans. Rotating body 11
A large number of brush-shaped parts 12 as a depoding means are protruded from the outer periphery of the pod, and the brush-shaped part 12 rubs the stem C with the rotation of the rotating body 11 so that the pod attached to the stem is formed. At the same time, the ripe pods are split and the pods are removed. The brush-like portions 12 are arranged in a screw-like manner, so that the scraped pods and the de-shelled berries are sent backward. The brush-like portion 12 is made of a synthetic resin typified by nylon, and has a hardness that does not affect the grain or pod. The rotation direction of the rotating body 11 is outward rotation in FIG.
And the left and right rotating bodies 1 while preventing the immature pod C2 from falling.
1 and on a feed conveyor 91 which is a part of a feed section located between the upper and lower rotating bodies.
In this embodiment, the removing means is illustrated as a brush-like part, but the present invention is not limited to the brush-like part.
For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a screw-shaped projection 12 'protrudingly formed on a rotating body 11 which rotates in the direction of an arrow in the drawing may be used, or a comb-shaped (like a brush-like part) arranged in a screw shape. (Not shown) and may be arbitrarily selected according to the type of beans. FIG. 4 shows only the configuration of the depoding means.

The fixing means 2 is located immediately below the rotating body 11, and is fixed so as not to be pulled out by a force pulled upward when the pods are peeled off while holding the stem C. is there. In the present embodiment, a rotatable chain is positioned on the left and right sides of the stem C while holding a gap enough to sandwich the stem C, and the chain C rotates and fixes the stem C from the left and right. Note that the fixing means 2 is not limited to the illustrated chain, and a belt or a rope functions similarly to the chain. Reference numeral 21 denotes a cutter for cutting down the stem C, which is located behind the fixing means 2,
The pods are scraped off and the stem C coming out of the fixing means 2 is cut down.

[0012] Then, the mature grain C1, the unripe pod C2, the bean pods and the leaves C3 are sent from the feeding conveyor 91 to the sorting section 3 via the raising conveyor 92 which is a part of the feeding section 9. From the raising conveyor 92 to the sorting unit 3, the mature grain C1, the immature pod C2, the pods, and the leaves C3 are dropped on the sorting unit 3,
The blower 8 blows off the bean pods and leaves C3 outside the machine in the middle of dropping, and sends only the fully matured seeds C1 and the unripe pods C2 to the sorting unit 3.

The sorting section 3 is a so-called loosening auger used in a current bean dehulling machine, and will not be described in detail. However, the sorting section 3 has a large number of holes 31 having a size that allows only the mature grain C1 to pass through. Only the fully matured grain C1 is dropped from the part 32 by the rocking of the shaking auger, and is moved on the part 32 through the unripe pod C2. The mature grain C1 that has fallen from the hole 31 of the through portion 32 is placed on the grain feed conveyor 61, reaches the practical grain elevator 6 located on the left side in FIG. 3, and is transported to the grain tank 4 by the elevator. . The immature pods C2 moving on the through portion 32 are dropped from the through portion 32 onto the pod feeding auger 71, and reach the pod practical lifting machine 7 located on the right side in FIG. 3 by the auger. 5 transported.

Ripe grain C1 stored in grain tank 4
Are harvested as they are, and all the immature pods C2 stored in the pod tank 5 are collected, dried, and depoded to harvest the berries. The stem C remaining on the field may be left as it is, or may be collected. The pods and leaves C3 discharged outside the machine may be collectively collected later. For example, a receiving portion (not shown) for receiving the discharged pods and leaves C3 is provided behind the harvester A. Then, the pods and leaves C3 may be collected while performing the harvesting operation.

According to this embodiment, only the pods can be scraped off with the stem C remaining in the field, and at the same time, only the mature pods can be removed. And the mature grain C1 and the immature pod C
2. Bean pods and leaves C3 are sorted out, and mature pods C1 and immature pods C
2 can be separately collected, and the pods and leaves C3 can be discharged outside the machine.

In this embodiment, a conveyer is used to transport the fully matured grain that has passed through the hole of the through portion to the practical use elevator. This is because the conveyor can transport the grains without agitation like an auger, so that the mature grains may be damaged or contaminated during transportation. Can be prevented. Conversely, an auger is used to transport immature pods to the pods, but the shells are used to protect the inner grains. This is because it is not so much a problem. However, even in the transportation of immature pods, there is no obstacle to using the conveyor, and it can be arbitrarily selected. In the towing type harvester of the present embodiment, each part that moves, such as the harvesting unit, the sorting unit, and the fixing unit, is driven by using a well-known transmission unit that transmits the drive of the towing vehicle to these units. (Not shown) Further, in the present embodiment, the towed harvester is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a harvester having a self-propelled structure may be used. (Not shown)

[0017]

As described above, according to the present invention, all the pods are scraped off from the stem, only the ripe pods are removed from the stalks, and then the ripe seeds, the immature pods and the bean pods are removed. , So that there is no generation of immature pods that are not separated from the stem. or,
Since the pods are harvested while the stems are raised, the amount of sediment attached to the pods becomes very small, and the possibility of the generation of contaminants due to this sediment is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is possible to significantly suppress the loss of grain during early harvesting, and thus the method and the harvester have extremely effective effects for the producer. In addition, since the most difficult work of stacking can be omitted, high-quality grain can be harvested without being greatly affected by the weather, and a large amount of labor due to the recent decrease in the producer population. It has an extremely large effect in reducing time and labor. Moreover, as a result, the mature grain and the immature grain are sorted out, so that both grain grains are not mixed and harvested. Therefore, the work process of sorting the matured and unripe grain after harvesting can be omitted, which is extremely effective for shortening working hours and further reducing labor.

According to the third to fifth aspects of the present invention, since the scraping and dehulling can be performed without damaging the pods and the grains, a great effect is achieved in suppressing the loss of the grains. is there. According to the invention of claim 6, since the stem is cut down while the harvesting operation is being performed, the cutting operation after harvesting can be omitted. Has a great effect. According to the invention of claim 7, since the stem is fixed, the stem is prevented from entering the machine, and the reliability of stripping only the pod is improved. Has a great effect on

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a harvester of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view of FIG. 2 as viewed from the front side.

FIG. 4 is a view schematically showing another depoding means.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A: Harvester C: Stem C1: Ripe grain C2: Immature pod C3: Bean pod, leaf 1: Harvesting part 2: Fixing means 3: Sorting part 11: Rotating body 12: Brush-like part 21: Cutter

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hisao Matsugasaki 15-1 Kino Odori Nishi, Otofuke-cho, Kato-gun, Hokkaido F-term (reference) 2B075 AA10 FA01 FA02 FA10

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) removing the pods from the pods while leaving the stems in the field, removing only the mature seeds from the pods,
Harvesting method for sorting immature pods and bean pods. 2. A traveling type bean harvester, comprising: a harvesting unit for both depoding and a sorting unit in front of the harvester, and a sorting unit behind the harvesting unit, wherein the harvesting unit leaves the stem in a field. The harvesting characterized in that the part removes the pods and removes only the mature seeds from the seeds, and the sorting part sorts the mature seeds, the unripe seeds and the bean pods respectively. Machine. 3. The harvesting section is provided with a depoding means capable of peeling the pods and removing the pods while rotating the stems on both sides without damaging the pods and grains. The harvester according to claim 2, further comprising a rotating body having the same. 4. The depoding means is a brush-like part, which brushes off the pods with the rotation of the rotating body.
4. The harvester according to claim 3, wherein the harvester is dehulled. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the depoding means is a screw-shaped projection, and the screw-shaped projection removes the pod and removes the pod with the rotation of the rotating body. Harvester described. 6. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a cutter for cutting down the harvested stem.
Harvester described in section 7. The fixing device according to claim 2, further comprising fixing means for fixing the stem so as to remain in the field when the harvesting unit removes the pods. Harvester.