JP2002275475A - Apparatus for organic material drying and carbonization - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for organic material drying and carbonization, with which a water-containing organic material such as garbage, etc., can be uniformly and smoothly heat-treated while being efficiently stirred and mixed. SOLUTION: This apparatus for organic material drying and carbonization has a basic structure having screws (B1 and B2) horizontally arranged in cylindrical parts (A1 and A2) of a double-barrel horizontal outer cylinder 1, respectively. The revolving shafts of the screws are rotated mutually in different directions in such a way that the tip parts of the screw blades 4 are rotated from the bottom parts in the cylindrical parts along in inner walls in the outside direction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for drying and / or carbonizing an organic material, and more particularly to an apparatus for efficiently drying organic waste such as garbage containing water. The present invention also relates to an organic material drying and carbonizing apparatus suitable for efficiently carbonizing dried organic waste and recovering it as a resource.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In many cases, organic waste such as garbage discharged from households is collected by a local government or the like,
They have been incinerated or landfilled. However, environmental pollution problems associated with waste incineration and landfill are spreading nationwide.

[0003] Since garbage contains a large amount of water,
There is a problem that it is heavy, and it takes time and effort to collect and transport. Therefore, even if a high-performance garbage disposal facility that does not generate harmful substances such as dioxins is built, garbage is frequently collected and transported from households and other places in depopulated areas and wide-area areas, and concentrated at garbage disposal facilities. It is difficult to let.

Since garbage is an organic material, if it is carbonized, it can be effectively used as, for example, activated carbon, a filler for rubber or resin, a snow melting agent, and the like. However, efficiently drying garbage containing a large amount of water,
Furthermore, it is not easy to heat-treat the dried product efficiently to carbonize it.

As a method of drying and / or carbonizing organic waste such as garbage, it is conceivable to use an existing stirring device provided with a heating means. However, organic waste such as garbage is irregular, contains miscellaneous components, and contains a large amount of water, so that it is difficult to perform a uniform heat treatment even with stirring. In a typical stirring device, when the stirring speed of the stirrer is increased, organic wastes such as garbage are separated into ones that adhere to the rotating blades and rotate together and those that are not stirred. When the stirring speed of the stirrer is reduced, the organic waste falls along the inner wall of the stirrer without moving and is not sufficiently stirred.

When a horizontal stirring device equipped with a screw is used, the organic waste only moves in one direction, and it is difficult to uniformly heat the organic waste during that time. In a horizontal stirring device provided with a screw, if the rotation direction of the screw is changed halfway, it is expected that the degree of uniformity of the heat treatment due to the mixing of the organic waste will be increased. However, the mechanism for switching the direction of rotation of the screw is complicated, and the sudden stop and sudden start of the high-speed rotating screw blades with the organic waste contained in them, such as smooth operation and durability of the equipment. In fact, it is difficult in reality.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for drying and / or carbonizing an organic material containing water such as garbage while efficiently mixing and stirring the charged organic material. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic material drying and carbonizing apparatus capable of performing a heat treatment uniformly and smoothly.

The present inventor has conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, came to an apparatus in which two screws are horizontally arranged in a twin-body horizontal outer cylinder. Using this device, the rotation direction of the two screws is changed to different directions, the input organic material is scraped from the bottom by the screw blades of each screw, and collides / mixes with each other in the communicating part of the twin-body horizontal cylinder, When the organic material is moved forward by one screw, and the organic material is moved backward by the other screw in the opposite direction, and as a whole, heat treatment is performed while circulating, sufficient stirring and mixing is performed, and uniform Drying and / or carbonization can be performed smoothly.

The device of the present invention does not require a complicated mechanism such as switching of the rotation direction of the screw, has excellent durability of the device, and can be manufactured from small to large products. If the device of the present invention is arranged in each region,
This contributes to weight reduction due to drying of garbage, which in turn can contribute to reduction of costs for collecting and transporting waste. In addition, a carbide useful as a resource can be produced from organic waste such as garbage using the apparatus of the present invention. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

[0010]

Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a drying and carbonizing apparatus for heating and drying and / or carbonizing an organic material, wherein (1) two cylinders are arranged in a longitudinal direction. A twin-barreled outer cylinder having a cross-sectional shape that partially overlaps along and communicates with each other at the overlapping portion, and is horizontally disposed in each of the cylindrical portions (A1, A2) that constitute the twin-shelled horizontal outer cylinder. (2) The twin-body horizontal type outer cylinder is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and as a heating means,
A heating gas inlet or a jacket for introducing a heating medium or both are provided. (3) Each screw (B1, B2) has a shape in which screw blades are provided on a rotating shaft. And the rotational radius of the screw blade is r (m), the rotational angular velocity is ω (radian / second),
When the acceleration due to the gravitational force of the earth is g (9.8 m / sec ² ), the screw blade can be rotated so that the peripheral end speed rω ² / g is 0.3 or more, and ( 4) The tip of the screw blade is cylindrical (A1, A
2) Organic material characterized by being configured to rotate the rotation axes of the screws (B1, B2) in different directions from each other so as to rotate from the bottom inside to the outside along the inner wall. Is provided.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drying and carbonizing apparatus in which two screws are arranged in a twin-body horizontal outer cylinder of the present invention. The housing of the apparatus of the present invention includes a twin-barreled horizontal outer cylinder 1 having a cross-sectional shape in which two cylinders partially overlap each other in the longitudinal direction and communicate with each other at the overlapping portion. A jacket 2 is arranged on the outer periphery of the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder 1 so that a heating medium can be introduced to heat the inside of the apparatus from the outside.

The twin-body horizontal type outer cylinder 1 is in a state where two cylindrical portions (A1) and (C2) are crossed with each other, and the inside of the overlapped portion has no inner wall and communicates. The degree of overlap is about 1/7 to 1/3 of the diameter of each cylinder.
Inside each of the cylinders (A1, A2), a screw (B1) and a screw (B2) are horizontally arranged along the longitudinal direction. The screw (B1) includes a rotating shaft 3 and a screw blade 4, and the screw (B2) includes a rotating shaft 5 and a screw blade 6. The screw blades are provided continuously or discontinuously along the longitudinal direction on the rotation axis.

As shown by arrows C and D in FIG. 1, the tips of the screw blades 4 and 6 are connected to the cylindrical portions (A1, A1).
2) The rotation shafts of the screws (B1, B2) are configured to rotate in different directions from each other so as to rotate from the bottom inside to the outside along the inner wall.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention as viewed from above. A screw (B1) having a screw blade 4 provided on a rotating shaft 3 is rotatably supported by bearings 7 and 8 in a twin-body horizontal type outer cylinder 1 by a driving shaft 11 inserted into the rotating shaft. Have been. Similarly, a screw (B2) having a screw blade 6 provided on a rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by bearings 9 and 10 by a drive shaft 12 inserted into the rotating shaft. Drive shaft of screw (B1) is motor 1
5 driven. Screw by motor 15
The rotation of the drive shaft 11 in (B1) is transmitted from the gear 13 through the gear 14 to the drive shaft 12 of the screw (B2). By the action of these gears 13, 14, the screw (B1) and the screw (B2) rotate in different directions. A jacket 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder 1.

FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of FIG. A screw (B1) is horizontally disposed within the cylindrical portion (A1) of the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder, and is configured to be driven by a motor 15. An inlet 16 and an outlet 17 are formed at one or several places in the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder. The inlet 16 is usually arranged at the upper part of the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder, and the outlet 17 is arranged at the lower part or the side part. In FIG. 3, the cylindrical portion (A2) and the screw (B2) are omitted. Although the inlet for the heated gas and the outlet for the waste gas are omitted in FIGS. 1 to 3, they can be provided at appropriate locations.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the screw blades 4 and 5 can be formed continuously along the longitudinal direction on the rotation axis, but are not limited to this.
The screw blades can be provided discontinuously on the rotating shaft. Although the shape of the screw blade is not particularly limited, the shape of each cylindrical portion is adjusted so that the organic material (object to be processed) falling on the bottom of each cylindrical portion (A1, A2) of the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder 1 can be scraped. It is preferable that the size is such that the clearance between the inner wall and the inner wall is small. This clearance is
Although it depends on the size of the device, it is usually about 1 to 50 mm, preferably about 2 to 30 mm.

When the screw blades are provided discontinuously on the rotating shaft, the shape is preferably a fan-shaped shape as shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, a screw (B2) arranged in the cylindrical portion (A2) is taken as an example. The screw (B2) has a structure in which a fan-shaped screw blade 6 is mounted on a rotating shaft 5. I have. Such screw blades are arranged in an appropriate number along the length direction of the rotating shaft. When the rotation direction is in the direction of arrow D, the workpiece moves in the direction of arrow E.

As shown in FIG. 1, an object to be processed placed in the twin-body horizontal type outer cylinder 1 is rotated by each of the screws (B1, B2) in the two cylindrical portions (A1, A2). It is scraped up from the bottom by 4 and 6, and collides and mixes with each other at the communicating portion between the cylindrical portions. In other words, the object scraped up by the screw blades moves while rotating along the inner wall, but is released from the centrifugal force at the communicating portion of the two cylindrical portions (A1, A2), and the cylindrical portion (A1 ) To the cylindrical portion (A2) and from the cylindrical portion (A2) to the cylindrical portion (A1), and violently collide and mix with each other. Each screw
(B1, B2) are arranged such that the respective screw blades have different three-dimensional phases when rotating. Therefore, the screw blades do not collide with each other in the communication portion.

Along with the action of the violent collision and mixing described above,
In one cylindrical portion (A1), the organic material is moved along the rotation axis by the rotation of the screw (B1), and in the other cylindrical portion (A2), the organic material is moved by the rotation of the screw (B2). Is moved in the opposite direction to the inside of the cylindrical portion (A1), whereby, as a whole, from the cylindrical portion (A1) to the cylindrical portion (A2) and from the cylindrical portion (A2) in the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder. The organic material is circulated and moved to the cylindrical portion (A1).

When each screw (B1, B2) is provided with a screw blade having a shape that can be moved in the direction opposite to the moving direction at the end of the direction in which the organic material moves along the rotation axis due to its rotation, The object to be processed can be prevented from staying at the ends of the cylindrical portions (A1, A2) in the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder. For example, a screw blade (retreat wing) that can be moved in a direction opposite to the total number of screw blades (forward wings) for moving an object to be processed in a predetermined direction along a rotation axis.
Is preferably about 1/20 to 3/10.

Each screw (B1, B2) has a rotation radius of the screw blade r (m) and a rotation angular velocity ω (radian /
Second) and the acceleration due to the gravitational pull of the earth is g (9.8 m / second ² )
In this case, the screw blade can be rotated so that the peripheral end speed rω ² / g is 0.3 or more. In order to satisfy this condition, the rotation radius and material of the screw blade are selected, and the rotation angular velocity is adjusted.
If the peripheral end speed is too low, it becomes difficult to scoop up an object containing a large amount of water against gravity. The upper limit of the peripheral end speed is not particularly limited, but is usually about 5. If the peripheral end speed is too high, problems such as idle rotation of the screw blades may occur. The peripheral speed is preferably 0.5 to 3
It is about.

In this way, the object to be processed is sufficiently uniformly stirred and mixed, and the heat treatment is performed in that state. In order to perform the heat treatment, for example, there is a method in which a high-temperature combustion gas generated by combustion of heavy oil or the like is directly introduced into a twin-body horizontal outer cylinder to heat an object to be processed therein. There is also a method in which such a combustion gas is introduced into a jacket and heated externally. In particular, when working efficiency is increased, it is preferable to use both of them. 350-700 ° C generated in a combustion chamber (not shown), often 400
It is preferable to use a medium-temperature combustion gas of about 600 ° C. Waste gas such as water vapor generated by the heat treatment is discharged from a gas outlet (not shown).

By using the apparatus of the present invention, even if the object to be treated contains a large amount of water, it does not stay at the bottom of the apparatus due to the action of gravity, but violent collision mixing and rapid circulation movement inside the apparatus. In addition, heat from the heating means can be sufficiently transferred and uniform heat treatment can be performed.

[0024]

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples.

[Example 1] A housing constituting a drying and carbonizing apparatus has an outer diameter of 400 mmφ and a length of 2000 m.
A two-body horizontal outer cylinder having a structure in which two cylinders of m were partially overlapped with each other and having a center-to-center distance between the cylinders of 300 mm was prepared, and a jacket was attached to the outer periphery. In each of the cylinders, a screw having 20 fan-shaped screw blades attached to a rotating shaft as shown in FIG. 4 was horizontally arranged. Of the 20 screw blades, 18 blades were used as forward blades, and 2 screw blades were used as backward blades, which were arranged at the terminal end where the workpiece moved. 90 kg of garbage (moisture about 60 k
g) was charged. The rotation speed of each screw was 120 rpm for both, and rω ² /g=0.18 m × (3.14
It was operated under the conditions of × 2 / sec) ² /9.8M/ s ² = 0.72. The rotation directions of the screws were different directions as shown in FIG.

Hot air at 400 ° C. using heavy oil A as a heat source (use of heavy fuel oil 10 L / h) about 1000 kg / h (about 800 N)
m ³ / h) were introduced into the apparatus. The temperature of the waste gas saturated with the released steam was about 60 ° C. The effective heat utilization rate was about 75%, including heat recovery from waste gas and heat loss from the drying and carbonizing equipment. The garbage was discharged 30 minutes after the garbage was introduced, and the water content of the object was measured. The time required to discharge 80% of the object is 1
It was just under a minute.

[0027]

According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for drying and / or carbonizing an organic material containing water such as garbage, wherein the organic material is uniformly and smoothly mixed while being efficiently stirred and mixed. And a device for drying and carbonizing an organic material, which can be subjected to a heat treatment. When the apparatus of the present invention is used, heat treatment of an organic material can be performed with uniform and smooth external heat supply and high effective utilization of heat. Further, according to the apparatus of the present invention, the required power can be reduced, and further, the workability such as controllability and quick discharge is excellent. When the discharge port is provided at an appropriate position, the object to be processed can be easily discharged by a circulation movement by a screw without providing a special mechanism.
The device of the present invention can contribute to the reduction of refuse in a region, and can produce a carbide that can be effectively used as various resources by carbonization.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a screw blade used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Twin barrel horizontal type outer cylinder 2: Jacket A1: Cylindrical part A2: Cylindrical part B1: Screw B2: Screw 3: Rotating shaft 4: Screw blade 5: Rotating shaft 6: Screw blade 7-10: Bearing 11, 12: Drive Shaft 13, 14: Gear 15: Motor 16: Input port 17: Output port C, D: Rotation direction E: Moving direction

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) C10B 57/10 B09B 3/00 ZAB F26B 11/16 303M F term (reference) 3L113 AA07 AC01 AC40 AC58 AC67 BA01 DA11 4D004 AA03 AB07 CA15 CA26 CA42 CB28 CB31 4G037 CA01 EA03 4G078 AA30 AB20 BA01 BA07 DA09 EA03 4H012 HA03 HA05 RA01

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A drying and carbonizing apparatus for heating and drying and / or carbonizing an organic material, wherein (1) two cylinders partially overlap each other in a longitudinal direction, and the overlapped portion is A twin-barreled outer cylinder having a cross-sectional shape communicating with each other, and each cylindrical portion (A
1, A2) has a basic structure consisting of each screw (B1, B2) arranged horizontally, (2) in the twin barrel horizontal type outer cylinder,
An inlet and an outlet are provided, and a heating gas inlet or a jacket for introducing a heating medium or both are provided as heating means,
(3) Each screw (B1, B2) has a shape in which a screw blade is provided on a rotation axis, and the rotation radius of the screw blade is r (m), and the rotation angular velocity is ω (radian / second). ), The acceleration due to the gravitational pull of the earth is g (9.8 m /
Second ² ), the peripheral speed rω ² / g of the screw blade
And (4) the tip of the screw blade extends outward from the bottom in each of the cylindrical portions (A1, A2) along the inner wall. An organic material drying / carbonizing device, wherein the rotating shafts of the screws (B1, B2) are rotated in different directions so as to rotate. 2. The organic material charged in the twin-body horizontal outer cylinder is scraped from the bottom by screw blades by the rotation of each screw (B1, B2) in each cylindrical part (A1, A2), In the cylindrical portion (A1), the organic material is moved along the rotation axis by the rotation of the screw (B1) while the organic material is moved and collided with each other at the communicating portion between the cylindrical portions, and the other cylindrical portion is rotated. Within (A2), screw (B2)
The organic material is moved in the opposite direction to the inside of the cylindrical portion (A1) by the rotation of the cylindrical portion (A1), thereby, as a whole, from the cylindrical portion (A1) to the cylindrical portion (A2) in the horizontal horizontal barrel, and Department
Circulation movement of the organic material is performed from (A2) to the cylindrical portion (A1),
The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a heat treatment is performed during the circulating movement. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each screw (B1, B2) is provided with screw blades continuously or discontinuously along a longitudinal direction on a rotation axis. 4. Each screw (B1, B2) is provided at the end of the direction in which the organic material moves along the rotation axis by its rotation,
The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a screw blade having a shape capable of being moved in a direction opposite to the moving direction is provided. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the organic material is garbage containing water.