JP2002257311A - Carbonizer for wood, etc., and pyrolytic furnace used for it, and cooling recovery system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device which can effectively carbonize wood pieces and recover the ingredients of generated wood vinegar, etc., by providing process regions of drying, carbonizing, and combustion within itself, and drying and carbonizing chip-form wood pieces under process, making use of the heat in a combustion process region. SOLUTION: A carbonizer consists of a pyrolytic furnace A, a cooling recovery system B, and a cyclone C. The pyrolytic furnace A is divided into a hopper 2 of the intake for the chip-form wood 1 to be processed, a drying process region 3, a carbonizing process region 4, and a combustion process region 5 from above. The chip-form wood 1 cast in the hopper 2 goes on to each process region 3, 4, and 5 mentioned above. The chip-form wood 1 is dried in the drying process region 3 by the hot blast sent from the combustion process region 5, and is carbonized in the carbonizing process region 4 to generate smoke gas. The carbide is combusted with an indispensable minimum oxygen in the combustion process region 5. The cooling recovery system B cools the smoke gas sent from the pyrolytic furnace A, liquefies the components of the smoke gas, and recovers the components of the wood vinegar, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for carbonizing wood and the like, and more particularly to an apparatus for crushing wood and the like into chips or a fixed shape and carbonizing the wood, and a pyrolysis furnace and a cooling and recovery apparatus used for the apparatus. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wood has been steamed to produce charcoal. When carbonizing wood, charcoal,
Decomposed into wood vinegar, wood tar, wood gas. In recent years, the demand for charcoal has been increasing due to the review of charcoal for its deodorizing effect and baking of ingredients, and the fact that wood vinegar is excellent in disinfecting, disinfecting, calming and extinguishing. .

[0003]

However, an apparatus for carbonizing wood is not suitable for transporting and procuring wood, which is a material, and because it smokes a large amount of smoke during work, and also steams wood as a material. Since it takes time, it was conventionally performed with small-scale facilities such as installing a charcoal kiln (charcoal hut) in the mountains. For this reason, it has been difficult to efficiently carry out dry distillation of wood in large quantities and to provide a device for collecting wood vinegar.

[0004] Therefore, in order to dry-distill, the present invention is to form an object to be treated such as wood taken into the apparatus into chips or a fixed shape, and to provide a drying step area, a carbonization step area, and a combustion step area inside the apparatus. Utilizing the heat generated in the combustion process area, the processing target such as wood chips or chips of a certain shape traveling inside the device can be dried and carbonized, and can be efficiently and effectively carbonized. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of recovering components such as wood vinegar.

[0005]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the carbonization apparatus comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a cooling and recovery apparatus, and a cyclone.
The pyrolysis furnace is configured such that the inside of a main body formed by erecting a cylindrical body is taken from an upper portion to an inlet for an object to be processed such as wood in a chip shape or a fixed shape, a drying process region, a carbonization process region, and a combustion process region. Provided separately, the object to be treated introduced from the intake port proceeds to the drying step area, the carbonization step area, the combustion step area, and the object to be treated in the drying step area by hot air sent from the combustion step area. Is dried, and the object is carbonized in the carbonization step area to generate smoke gas, and in the combustion step area, oxygen is required to be minimized to burn the carbide, and the cooling and recovery device is cylindrical. Inside the body in which the body is erected, the smoke gas sent from the pyrolysis furnace is cooled to liquefy or adsorb the components of the smoke gas, and components such as wood vinegar are collected from the adsorbed components, Cyclone stands up cylindrical body Inside the body of Te, it discharged and centrifuged and solids discharged exhaust gases from the pyrolysis furnace and the cooling recovery system, and a carbonization apparatus such as wood.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the carbonization apparatus is a pyrolysis furnace,
Cooling and recovery equipment, consisting of a cyclone, the pyrolysis furnace,
The inside of the main body formed by erecting a cylindrical body is divided from the upper part into an inlet for an object to be processed such as wood in a chip shape or a fixed shape, a drying step area, a carbonization step area, and a combustion step area. A plurality of plate bodies each having a tip that is inclined downward and protrude alternately are provided on each of the opposed inner walls of the process region and the carbonization process region, and devices for promoting the progress of the object to be processed are provided on these plate members, respectively. The plate body forms a path through which the object proceeds from the intake port to the drying process zone, the carbonization process zone, and then to the combustion process zone, and air blown by a separately provided blower passes through the combustion process zone. A cooling passage that is heated to provide an air passage leading to a discharge port provided at an upper portion in the drying process area, and that sucks and cools smoke gas generated in the carbonizing process area from a suction port provided above the carbonizing process area. Provide a recovery device, and The object to be processed introduced from the inlet is advanced to the combustion process area by a device for promoting the progress of the object to be processed of the plurality of plate bodies. The object to be treated is dried by the hot air rising from the combustion process area of the above, and in the carbonization step area, the object to be treated is carbonized by the hot air rising from the combustion process area to generate smoke gas and the suction port From the combustion process zone, burn the carbide with the minimum necessary amount of oxygen, cool the smoke recovery gas generated in the carbonization process zone by suction, and liquefy the components in the smoke gas. Among them, components such as wood vinegar are separated and collected, and the cyclone solidifies exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace and the cooling and collecting device inside a main body having a cylindrical body erected. And centrifuge And out, it was the dry distillation device, such as wood.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the inside of a main body having a cylindrical body standing from the top is taken in from a top to take in an object to be processed such as wood having a chip shape or a fixed shape, a drying process area, a carbonizing process area, A combustion process area is provided, and a plurality of plate bodies whose tips are inclined downward and protrude alternately are provided on the opposing inner walls of the drying step area and the carbonization step area, respectively. A transfer device is provided, and a path through which the object proceeds from the intake port to the combustion process region through the drying process region and the carbonization process region is formed by each of these transfer devices, and air blown by a separately provided blower is provided. Is provided with an air passage that is heated through the combustion process area and reaches a discharge port provided in an upper portion of the drying process area, and a suction port that sucks smoke gas generated in the carbonization process area above the carbonization process area. And take in the above The object to be processed introduced from the mouth advances to the combustion process area by the transfer device, and is dried by the hot air discharged from the discharge port and the hot air rising from the lower combustion process area in the drying process area. In the carbonization process area, carbonized by hot air rising from the combustion process area to generate smoke gas and collected from the suction port, and in the combustion process area, the carbide is burned with the minimum necessary amount of oxygen. And a pyrolysis furnace.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an intake port for smoke gas generated in a pyrolysis furnace in a carbonization apparatus is provided at an upper portion of a main body having a cylindrical body, and the main body is alternately opposed to the inside of the main body. A tray for receiving flowing water in the lateral direction is provided so as to protrude, and a plurality of trays are provided to provide an inflow path of smoke gas meandering from the upper part of the main body to the lower part, and a collecting tank is provided at a bottom part of the main body, A water pipe is provided from the collection tank to each discharge port provided at the top of each of the receiving trays, and water is supplied by a separately provided pump, and a wood vinegar collection container is provided in the middle of the water pipe, and is taken in from the intake port. The smoke gas travels along the inflow path while being cooled by the recovery tank and the flowing water circulating through each of the discharge ports, and comes into contact with the flowing water discharged from each of the discharge ports and the water surface of each of the trays, and The liquid liquefied or adsorbed components collected in the recovery tank by flowing down the body, the components of the wood vinegar etc. Among these are separated and recovered, and a cooling recovery device in the carbonization apparatus.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The dry distillation apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a pyrolysis furnace A shown in FIG. 1, a cooling and recovery apparatus B shown in FIG. 2, and a cyclone C shown in FIG. Pyrolysis furnace A
As shown in FIG. 1, a hopper 2 serving as an intake of a chip-like piece of wood 1 which is roughly divided from an upper portion, a drying process area 3, and a carbonization process area inside a main body having a rectangular cylinder standing upright. 4. The combustion process area 5 is provided separately. At the bottom of the hopper 2, a plurality of screws 6 are provided as a transport device for smoothly feeding the chip-shaped wood chips 1 by a fixed amount to the drying process area 3.

In the above-mentioned drying step area 3, five vibrating plates 7 which alternately protrude in the lateral direction are provided on the opposing inner walls, and similarly three in the carbonizing step area 4. The vibrating plates 7 are each provided with a tip 7a slightly lowered and inclined, and end portions 7b on the base side are protruded outward from the left and right sides of the main body, respectively, and end portions 7b of the protruding vibrating plates 7 are provided. Are vertically connected by a connecting plate 8 and connected to each other, and a part of the connecting plate 8 is connected to two separately provided left and right vibration motors 9. Further, the center of the lower surface of each of these diaphragms 7 is
0, and can be freely vibrated by the vibrating motor 9, and the chip-like wood pieces 1 introduced from the intake port 2 by the plurality of vibrating plates 7 can be used in the drying process area 3.
A traveling path 11 is formed through the carbonization process area 4 to the combustion process area 5. In addition, a suction port 12 is provided at the uppermost part of the drying process area 3 for sucking up the rising wood powder and fine particles of wood chips and sending the same to a cyclone C described later. A suction port 13 is provided at the last part to suck the smoke gas generated and raised in the carbonization process area 4 and send it to a cooling and recovery apparatus B described later.

[0011] The combustion process zone 5 is a place where the chip-like wood piece 1 sent through the drying process zone 3 and the carbonization process zone 4 is burned by taking in a minimum amount of oxygen. A hot air blowing path 20 extending horizontally from a separately provided blower 18 and reaching a discharge port 19 provided at an upper portion in the drying process area 3 through the heating cylinder 5 a is provided. The air passage 20 branches on the way and sends a part of the hot air to a cyclone C described later. The bottom surface of the combustion process area 5 is mortar-shaped and inclined toward the center, and a screw 14 is provided at the center and an ash receiving chamber 15 is provided immediately below. Is accumulated. Also, the inclined surface 5 of the bottom surface.
b has a lattice shape, and combustion air is supplied to the combustion process zone 5 from a gap provided in the lattice shape. The combustion air is supplied from an air passage 16 provided along the outside of the main body provided with the combustion process zone 5 to a blower 17 provided outside.
Powered by

As shown in FIG. 2, the cooling / recovering apparatus B is composed of a main body having an upright rectangular tube, and the upper part thereof is sent from a suction port 13 provided in the drying step area 4 of the pyrolysis furnace A. An intake 21 for smoke gas is provided, and a bottom portion is a recovery tank 22 for flowing water, and between them is a circulation path 23 for smoke gas and flowing water. The distribution channel 23 inside the main body is
On the inner wall, seven receiving trays 24 for receiving running water are provided so as to protrude laterally and alternately from right and left opposite to each other, and extend from the upper part of the main body to the collecting tank 22 at the bottom part. Further, below each of the trays 24, a tray 24a slightly larger than the tray 24 is provided, and the running water overflowing from the tray 24 is received by the receiving shelf 24a. Thereafter, the running water flows into the cool air path 25 and is collected. It is designed to be stored in a tank 22.

Each of the cool air passages 25 is provided from the upper portion of the recovery tank 22 to the upper portion of the main body of the cooling and collecting device B, and cool air is sent by two cooling blowers 26 provided separately. The cooling and recovery device B is being cooled. On the lower surface of the receiving tray 24, shield plates 27 each having a predetermined length are respectively suspended. Above the lowermost tray 24, a suction port 28 for sucking and sending gas into the cyclone C is provided.

From the recovery tank 22 provided at the bottom, along the left and right side surfaces of the main body, via valves 30a, respectively.
A water pipe 30 is provided to each discharge port 29 provided on the upper part of each tray 24, and these water pipes 30 are respectively supplied with water through strainers 32 by two separately provided pumps 31. Each of these water pipes 30 is branched on the way through a valve 30b, and a wood vinegar collection container 33 is provided at a branch end. Further, water is supplied to the collection tank 22 from a tap (not shown), and a surfactant and a neutralizing agent such as NaCH or Ca (OH) ₂ are added in some cases. The collection tank 22 includes the collection tank 2
The concentration in the collection tank 22 is controlled by a ph meter (not shown), and when the concentration in the collection tank 22 becomes a certain value or more, the liquid in the collection tank 22 is transferred to the wood vinegar collection container 33 via the valve 30b. It guides and transfers running water to another tank (not shown). Further, a level sensor for measuring the water level of the collection tank 22 is provided (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 3, the cyclone C is composed of a main body in which a circular cylinder is erected, and an exhaust port 34 for discharging gas after centrifugal separation is provided on the upper surface. A suction port 36 provided with a blower 35 is provided.
An intake port 37 is provided above the suction port 36 for taking in the smoke gas and exhaust gas sent from the cooling / recovery device B, and for taking in the hot air sent from the air passage 20 of the thermal decomposition furnace A.

Next, the wood pieces are carbonized using the carbonization apparatus. Here, as a material for dry distillation, a branch, a wood piece, a bark, etc. of cedar, cypress, pine, hiba, bamboo, or the like, or a material obtained by crushing these waste materials into a chip-shaped wood piece 1 of about 5 cm or less is used.
This chip-shaped wood piece 1 is placed in the hopper 2 at the top of the pyrolysis furnace A.
To Then, these chip-shaped wood chips 1 are sequentially dropped by the screw 6 provided at the bottom of the hopper 2 to the lower drying step area 3 at a constant speed.

The chip-shaped wooden piece 1 dropped on the first vibrating plate 7 in the drying process area 3 is sequentially moved toward the tip of the inclined vibrating plate 7 because the vibrating plate 7 vibrates up and down and right and left by the vibrating motor 9. Then, it is dropped on the second diaphragm 7. The chip-like piece 1 dropped on the second diaphragm 7
As in the case of the first vibrating plate 7, the vibration sequentially proceeds by the vibration and inclination of the vibrating plate 7, and is dropped to the next vibrating plate 7. In addition, at a suction port 12 provided at an upper portion of the drying process area 3, wood powder and fine particles of the wood chips accompanying the moving chip-shaped wood chips 1 are sucked and conveyed to the cyclone C.

In this manner, the chip-shaped wooden piece 1 is
The chip-like wood piece 1 that travels upward and reaches the combustion process area 5 through the drying step area 3 and the carbonization step area 4 is formed by the discharge port 19 provided in the drying step area 3 and the chip-like wood piece 1.
The hot air rising from the combustion process area 5 provided below progresses in the same traveling path 11 where the wood chips travel, and the chip-like wood piece 1 itself is also a small piece, and is rapidly dried. You. Further proceeding to the carbonization process area 4,
The chip-like wood piece 1 is decomposed from dry to carbonized by the hot air that rises without interruption and with very little oxygen. In the carbonization step area 4, wood vinegar and the like are generated from the chip-shaped wood pieces 1 together with wood gas, but are vaporized by the hot air, and are sucked from the suction port 13 and sent to the cooling and collecting apparatus B. After this, a chip-shaped piece of wood 1
Goes to the combustion process zone 5 where it is burned in the minimum required amount of oxygen. At this time, the amount of combustion air sent from the air passage 16 to the combustion process area 5 by the blower 17 is controlled to be small. The ash after combustion is sent to the ash receiving chamber 15 by the screw 14 and collected.

In the combustion process zone 5, carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon monoxide (gasification), and the carbon monoxide and oxygen combine (burn) to form carbon dioxide. That is, 2C + O ₂ → 2CO ↑ (gasification) ↓ 2CO + O ₂ → 2CO ₂ (combustion) Accordingly, gasification and combustion occur in the reduction zone, and no six-membered ring is generated, and therefore no dioxins are generated.

The smoke gas sent from the pyrolysis furnace A to the cooling / recovering device B is supplied to the intake 21
And cooled down by the cooling blower 26 and by the flowing water circulating in the cooling and collecting apparatus B as it proceeds along the flow path 23. Further, each of the discharge ports 29
The components in the smoke gas are adsorbed and flow down to the recovery tank 22 after coming into contact with the flowing water discharged from the tank and the water surface of each of the receiving trays 24. When the concentration exceeds a certain value, the valve 30b is operated, and the wood vinegar collection container 33 is removed from the collection tank 22.
Will be collected. Thereafter, this liquid is separated into wood vinegar and the like by an appropriate method.

Further, a large number of water walls and receiving trays 24 are provided by flowing water to increase the contact area with water. Further, a shielding plate 27 is hung below the lower surface of each receiving tray 24 to provide a cooling and recovery device B.
Adjust the pressure and flow velocity at which the smoke gas sent to
In addition to increasing the adsorption and dispersion of the smoke gas into the water, methanol and the like that are easily vaporized by the cooling effect of the heat of vaporization can be collected in the water. The methanol or the like is stable up to the order of 70% by utilizing the azeotropic point, and when this liquid is distilled (rectification separation), there is an effect that the removal of water becomes easy.

In the receiving tray 24 for receiving running water,
The water immediately overflows, but this overflowing water
Flows into the cooling air path 25a and travels down the cold air path 25 to be collected.
It is stored in the tank 22. Furthermore, as mentioned above,
After adsorbing the components, it is discharged from the upper part of the cold air passage 25.
The main components of the gas are gas containing a large amount of moisture and carbon dioxide.
Become. This exhaust gas is sent to a plant growing house, etc.
By assimilation, CO _TwoAnd reduce O_TwoIncrease normal
If released into the outside air in a state close to air, CO2_TwoTo increase
Also play a role in combating global warming and contain nitrate
A small amount of safe vegetables can be obtained. Another minute
Separated and collected solids such as dust and small pieces are transferred to Pyrolysis furnace A again.
It may be configured to be sent and incinerated.

Thereafter, in the cyclone C, the smoke gas containing the wood powder and the fine particles of the wood chips sent from the suction port 12 of the pyrolysis furnace A, and the smoke gas sent from the suction port 28 of the cooling and recovering device B are sent. The gas containing moisture is taken in from the suction port 36 of the cyclone C and centrifuged to separate and collect wood powder and fine particles of wood chips. The smoke gas is mixed with the hot air sent from the pyrolysis furnace A. The mixed gas is discharged at an increased temperature, so that even in a cold winter season, white smoke due to water vapor is eliminated, and the air is discharged from the exhaust port 34 as transparent and clean air to the outside.

Hot air is produced by passing air through the heating cylinder 5a in the pyrolysis furnace A. Hot air can be produced by taking in a large amount of outside air, and hot water can be produced by passing water. It can also be obtained in large quantities.
Furthermore, if bamboo or miscellaneous trees are put in the heating cylinder 5a to shut off the air, or carbonized using an inert gas such as nitrogen gas,
Uniform and good quality charcoal can be obtained. At this time, the heating cylinder 5a
If the temperature in the inside is raised in the final stage to about 650 to 800 ° C. and activated by adding water, charcoal having a high adsorptive power can be obtained.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the dry distillation apparatus of the second embodiment includes a pyrolysis furnace D and a carbonization process zone 5 of the pyrolysis furnace D.
A cooling and recovery device E provided by extending a suction pipe from a side surface at a position 4, a water cooling device F for hot air produced in a pyrolysis furnace D, and a cyclone G. The configuration of the second embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description of the same components as those of the first embodiment will be omitted, and different components will be mainly described. Will be described. In the pyrolysis furnace D, a hopper 52, which is an intake of the chip-like wood chips 1, which is a material roughly divided from the upper part, a drying process zone 53, a carbonization process zone 54, and a combustion, inside a main body formed by erected rectangular cylinders. The process area 55 is provided separately. At the bottom of the hopper 52, a plurality of screws 56 are provided as a transport device for smoothly feeding the chip-shaped wood chips 1 by a fixed amount to the drying process area. These structures are the same as those of the carbonization apparatus of the first embodiment.

In the drying step area 53, three plate bodies 57 alternately projecting in the lateral direction are provided on the opposing inner walls, and similarly, three plate bodies 57 are provided in the carbonizing step area 54. Each of these plate members 57 is provided with an inclined lower end portion 57 a, and a feed device for a workpiece is provided above an end on the inner wall side of each plate member 57. The workpiece feeder 57b passes a shaft in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of each plate 57, and has a plurality of agitating projections protruding around the shaft (not shown). It is rotatable by a separately provided motor (not shown). These plurality of plate members 5
7, the chip-like wood piece 1 supplied from the hopper 52 forms a traveling path 58 which reaches a combustion step area 55 through a drying step area 53 and a carbonization step area 54. At the top of the drying process zone 53, there is provided a suction port 59 for sucking up the ascending wood flour and fine particles of wood chips and sending it to a cyclone G described later. A discharge port 60 for discharging hot air sent from the area 55 is provided, and a cooling and collecting device described below is provided above the carbonization step area 54 by sucking smoke gas generated and rising in the carbonization step area 54. A suction port 61 for feeding to E is provided.

The combustion process zone 55 is a place where the chip-like wood chips 1 sent through the drying process zone 53 and the carbonization process zone 54 are burned by taking in a minimum amount of oxygen. The combustion air is supplied to the combustion process zone 55 from the gaps provided in the lattice shape. This combustion air is supplied from an air passage 62 provided outside the main body provided with the combustion process area 55 by a blower 63 provided outside. The bottom surface of the combustion process area 55 is inclined to one side, and a screw 65 is provided at the bottom, and an ash receiving chamber 66 is provided immediately below, and ash generated in the combustion process area 55 is accumulated. A water jacket 64 is provided on one side of the outer periphery of the combustion process area 55 to prevent overheating due to combustion in the combustion process area 55, and a steam outlet 64a is provided at an upper portion of the water jacket 64. ing. The steam outlet 64 a is connected to the air passage 62, and the steam discharged from the water jacket 64 is mixed with the combustion air supplied by the blower 63 through the air passage 62 and supplied to the combustion process zone 55. The water jacket 64 is supplied with water from a water supply or the like.

In the combustion process area 55, a cylindrical heating cylinder 67a and a combustion cylinder 67b connected to each other are provided horizontally at the center, and about 70% of the air sent from the blower 63 is supplied to an air passage. 62, the hot air is made by passing through the heating cylinder 67a, and the hot air is discharged from the discharge port 60 provided at the upper part in the drying process area 53.
To dry the chip-shaped wood pieces 1 that travel in the drying process area 53. The remaining hot air is sent to a water cooling device F, which will be described later, through a combustion tube 67b.
Sent to

The cooling / recovering apparatus E has a cylindrical shape and is provided with a large number of air cooling fins 68 on the outer peripheral side, and a suction port provided in the drying process area 54 of the pyrolysis furnace D at the upper part. It is an inlet for smoke gas sent from 61, and the bottom is a recovery tank 69 for cooled liquefied smoke gas. Further, a wood vinegar collection container 69a for collecting wood vinegar from the collection tank 69 is provided. Further, the exhaust gas after collecting the wood vinegar is sent to the combustion tube 67b, and a part of the air sent from the blower 63 to the combustion tube 67b via the heating tube 67a is added to the exhaust gas for combustion.

The water cooling device F to which the hot air burned in the combustion tube 67b is conveyed has an inlet 7 provided at the upper part.
0, an intermediate cylindrical cooling unit 71 and a water storage tank 72 provided at the lower part. A number of pipes are provided in the cooling unit 71 in the longitudinal direction, and tap water or the like is supplied to the outside of the pipes. When the temperature reaches a certain temperature or higher, the water is conveyed to a water storage tank 72. The hot water generated in the water jacket 64 is also transported to the water storage tank 72. An exhaust pipe 73 connected to the cyclone G is provided below the cooling unit 71 of the water cooling device F. The hot air from the combustion cylinder 67b enters through the inlet 70 of the water cooling device F,
It is guided downward through a number of pipes in 1 and communicates with the exhaust pipe 73.

The cyclone G is composed of a main body in which a circular cylinder is erected, an exhaust port 75 for discharging gas after centrifugal separation is provided on the upper surface, and a suction port having a blower 76 on one side. 77 is provided to take in gas sent from the suction port 59 of the pyrolysis furnace D and the exhaust pipe 73 of the water cooling device F.

Next, carbonization is performed using the pyrolysis furnace D, the cooling and recovery apparatus E, the water cooling apparatus F, and the cyclone G which are the carbonization apparatuses. Here, as the material for dry distillation, cedar, cypress, pine, hiba, branches of bamboo and the like, wood chips, bark, and the like, or these waste materials are crushed into approximately 5 cm or less as in the first embodiment. A chip-shaped piece of wood 1 is used. This chip-shaped piece of wood 1 is put into the hopper 52 at the top of the pyrolysis furnace A. Then, these chip-shaped wood pieces 1 are sequentially dropped into the lower drying process area 53 at a constant speed by a screw 56 provided at the bottom of the intake port 1.

In the chip-shaped wooden piece 1 dropped on the first plate 57 in the drying process area 53, each plate 57 is inclined, and a feeding device 57b provided above the plate 57 is driven by a motor. Since it rotates, it sequentially advances toward the tip of the plate body 57 and is eventually dropped on the second plate body 57.
The chip-like pieces 1 dropped on the second plate 57 are sequentially advanced by the feeding device 57b in the same manner as the first plate 57, and are dropped on the next plate 57. In addition, at a suction port 59 provided at an upper portion of the drying process area 53, wood powder and fine particles of the wood chips accompanying the moving chip-shaped wood chips 1 are sucked and conveyed to the cyclone G.

In this manner, the chip-shaped wooden piece 1 is
The chip-like wood piece 1 that travels upwards and reaches the combustion process area 55 through the drying step area 53 and the carbonization step area 54, and has a discharge port 60 provided in the drying step area 53 and the chip-like wood piece 1. As the hot air rising from the combustion process area 55 provided below progresses in the same traveling path 58 in which the chip proceeds, the chip-shaped wood piece 1 itself is also helped to be a small piece, and is rapidly dried. . Further, the carbonization process area 54
Then, the chip-shaped wood piece 1 is decomposed from drying to carbonization by the hot air that rises without interruption and in a state of extremely low oxygen. In the carbonization process area 54, wood vinegar and the like are generated together with the wood gas from the chip-shaped wood chips 1, but are vaporized by the hot air, and are sucked from the suction port 61 and sent to the cooling and collecting device E. Thereafter, the chip-shaped wood piece 1 proceeds to the combustion process zone 55, where it is burned in a minimum necessary amount of oxygen. At this time, the amount of combustion air sent from the air passage 62 to the combustion process area 55 by the blower 63 is controlled to be small. The ash after combustion is sent to the ash receiving chamber 65 by the screw 65 and collected. In the combustion process zone 55, carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon monoxide (gasification), and the carbon monoxide and oxygen combine (combust) to form carbon dioxide. Therefore, gasification and combustion occur in the reduction zone, and no six-membered ring is generated, and therefore no dioxins are generated.

Further, in the combustion process zone 55, smaller coal pieces are burned to raise the temperature, and at the same time, the larger coal pieces burn the gas adsorbed on the surface or inside thereof to make the temperature higher, so that the air is blown during combustion. Activation is performed by reacting with the water fed through the passage 62. Thereafter, the ash is taken out together with the ash burned earlier, dropped into the ash receiving chamber 66 below, covered with ash, and cut off heat and air to extinguish the fire and taken out. This gives a good quality charcoal with countless fine holes.

The smoke gas sent from the pyrolysis furnace D to the cooling / recovery device E is taken in from the upper intake of the cooling / recovery device E. At this time, the smoke gas has a temperature of 300 to 400 ° C. As the device E proceeds from the upper portion to the lower portion, it is cooled to 100 ° C. or lower and collected in the collection tank 69. Thereafter, only the wood vinegar is collected in the wood vinegar collection container 69a from this by an appropriate method. In the carbonization step zone 54 of the pyrolysis furnace D, carbonization is performed at a constant temperature of 450 ° C. or less, so that safe wood vinegar containing no carcinogenic harmful substances such as 2.3-benzpyrene can be obtained.

The remaining exhaust gas from which the wood vinegar has been collected is sent to the combustion tube 67b in the combustion process zone 55, where it is burned again. The temperature of this exhaust gas is 100 ° C.
After cooling, it is sent to cyclone G. Thereafter, in the cyclone G, the smoke gas sent from the suction port 59 of the pyrolysis furnace D and the gas sent through the exhaust pipe 73 of the water cooling device F are taken in from the suction port 77 and centrifuged. Wood powder and fine particles of wood chips are separated and collected, and the gas is discharged to the outside through an exhaust port 75 as transparent and clean air. Separated wood flour and fine particles of wood chips are sent again to the combustion process zone 55 of the pyrolysis furnace D.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The dry distillation apparatus of the third embodiment is almost the same as the first embodiment, except for the configuration of the pyrolysis furnace H, and differs from the first embodiment and the first embodiment. The description of the configuration that is the same as the configuration of the pyrolysis furnace A in the example is omitted, and the configuration that is characteristic of the pyrolysis furnace H will be mainly described. The pyrolysis furnace H has a hopper 82, which is roughly divided from an upper part inside a main body formed by erected round cylinders, and is an intake of the chip-shaped wood chip 1,
The drying process zone 83, the carbonization process zone 84, and the combustion process zone 85 are provided separately. In the pyrolysis furnace H, a rotating pipe 86 is erected from the upper part to the lower part, and the rotating pipe 86 is a rotating pipe 86a which is a part until the bottom part of the hopper 82 is inserted, and a rotating pipe 86a below the rotating pipe 86a. The rotating pipe 86a is separated from the rotating pipe 86b, and the rotating pipe 86a has a larger diameter than the rotating pipe 86b. The rotating pipe 86a is supported inside by fitting a part of the end of the rotating pipe 86b. The hopper 8 of the rotary pipe 86a
A screw 88 is provided as a transfer device for smoothly feeding the chip-shaped wood chips 1 by a fixed amount to the drying process area 83 at a position where the bottom of the second through-hole 2 is inserted, and the rotary pipe 86a is provided at the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace H. It is rotated by a motor (not shown), and by changing the rotation of the motor, the rotation of the screw 88 can be changed to adjust the transport amount of the chip-shaped piece of wood 1. The rotary pipe 86b is configured to be rotated by a motor 87 provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace H.

In the drying step area 83, four stirring pipes 86c are provided at 90 ° intervals on the plane at right angles to the rotating pipe 86 inserted therein.
A number of through-holes 86d are provided on the side surface, and a plurality of stirring rods 86e are hung on the lower surface. In addition, this rotating pipe 86
Is provided with a gentle cone-shaped tray 89a below the bottom. The stirring pipe 86c rotates on the receiving tray 89a together with the rotary pipe 86, and a fixed interval is provided between the inner peripheral wall of the pyrolysis furnace H and the receiving tray 89a.

In the drying process area 83, four sets of such a rotating pipe 86 and a receiving tray are provided. The receiving tray is provided with the above-mentioned conical receiving tray 89a and the inner peripheral wall of the pyrolysis furnace H provided next. , And two types of flat, substantially donut-shaped trays 89b provided alternately with the rotary pipe 86 at a constant interval from the rotary pipe 86.

In the carbonization process area 84, three sets of the rotating pipe 86 and the tray 89 (a or b) are provided.
The rotary pipe 86 here is not provided with a through hole 86d. In addition, a suction port 90 is provided at the uppermost part of the drying process area 83 for sucking the ascending wood powder and fine particles of the wood chips and sending the same to the cyclone. Is provided with a suction port 91 for sucking the smoke gas generated and rising in the carbonization process area 84 and sending it to the cooling and collecting device. Further, a water jacket 92 is provided outside the position where the carbonization process area 84 is provided in the pyrolysis furnace H. The water jacket 92 has a hot water outlet 92a for discharging warm water and a water inlet for supplying water. 92b are provided.

The combustion process zone 85 is a place where the chip-like wood chips 1 sent through the drying process 83 and the carbonization process zone 84 are burned by taking in a minimum amount of oxygen. At the center,
The rotary pipe 86 is inserted through the central portion. A screw 93 is provided around the rotary pipe 86 inserted through the central portion, and an ash receiving chamber 94 is provided immediately below the rotary pipe 86. Accumulates ash. Further, the inclined surface 85a on the bottom surface is formed in a lattice shape, and combustion air is supplied to the combustion process area 85 from gaps provided in the lattice shape. The combustion air is supplied from a blower passage 95 provided along the outside of the main body having the combustion process zone 85 and a blower 96 provided outside.

At the bottom below the ash receiving chamber 94, a machine room 97 is provided as described above, and a motor 87 for rotating the rotating pipe 86 is installed. Similarly, a blower 98 for supplying air to the rotating pipe 86 is provided. Provided.

Next, the wood chips are dried, carbonized, and burned using the carbonization apparatus of the third embodiment. As a material, a chip-shaped piece of wood 1 is used as in the first embodiment. This chip-shaped piece of wood 1 is put into a hopper 82 at the top of the pyrolysis furnace H. Then, these chip-shaped pieces of wood 1 are sequentially dropped at a constant speed onto a tray 89a provided in the lower drying process area 83 by a screw 88 provided in a rotary pipe 86 passing through the hopper 82.

The chip-shaped wooden piece 1 dropped on the first tray 89a in the drying process area 3 is heated by the stirring pipe 86c rotating together with the rotating pipe 86, and the tray 89a is inclined downward to the outside. After passing between the inner peripheral wall of the cracking furnace H and the outer peripheral edge of the tray 89a, it is dropped to the next second tray 89b. The chip-shaped wooden piece 1 dropped on the second tray 89b is stirred by the stirring pipe 86c rotating together with the rotary pipe 86 and the tray 89b is inclined downward toward the center. It passes between the inner peripheral edge of 89b and drops to the next third tray 89a. The chip-shaped wooden pieces 1 dropped in this way proceed sequentially and are dropped to the next tray. Further, a suction port 90 provided above the drying process area 83.
In the above, wood powder and fine particles of the wood chips accompanying the moving chip-shaped wood chips 1 are sucked and conveyed to the cyclone.

In this manner, the chip-shaped wooden piece 1 is
9 (a or b), and reaches a combustion process zone 85 through a drying process zone 83 and a carbonization process zone 84. The chip-like wood piece 1 that advances is a blower provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace H. 98, air is fed into the rotary pipe 86, and this air passes through the combustion process zone 85 and the carbonization process zone 8
4. As it proceeds to the drying step area 83, it is heated and becomes hot air, discharged from the through hole 86d of the stirring pipe 86c provided in the drying step area 83, and along the same traveling path in which the chip-shaped wood piece 1 travels. As the hot air rising from the combustion process area 85 provided below proceeds, the chip-shaped wood piece 1 itself is also a small piece, and is rapidly dried.

When the process further proceeds to the carbonization process zone 84, the chip-like wood pieces 1 are decomposed from drying to carbonization by hot air rising continuously and with a very small amount of oxygen. In this carbonization process area 84, the chip-shaped wood chips 1
Although wood vinegar and the like are generated together with the wood gas, they are vaporized by the hot air, and are sucked from the suction port 91 and sent to the cooling and collecting device. Thereafter, the chip-shaped wood piece 1 proceeds to the combustion process zone 85, where it is burned in a minimum necessary amount of oxygen. At this time, the amount of combustion air sent from the air passage 95 to the combustion process area 85 by the blower 96 is controlled to be small. The ash after combustion is sent to the ash receiving chamber 94 by the screw 93 and is collected. The smoke gas generated and rising in the carbonization process area 84 is sucked from the suction port 91 and sent to the cooling and collecting device to collect wood vinegar and the like.

As a fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the cyclone C 'is directly connected without connecting the cooling and recovery device B to the pyrolysis furnace A' in the first embodiment. , Used as an incinerator. This pyrolysis furnace A
′ Means the heating cylinder 5a and the combustion cylinder 5c in the combustion process zone 3.
The heating cylinder 5a is the same as the above-mentioned pyrolysis furnace A, but the heating cylinder 5c sucks the smoke gas collected in the carbonization step area 4 and removes the components of the smoke gas in the heating cylinder 5c. After reburning, it is transported to the cyclone C '. Further, wood powder and fine particles of wood chips, which are solid components separated by the cyclone C ', are collected, transported to the pyrolysis furnace A' again, and burned. Further, the cyclone C 'is provided with a tank 41 for storing water, a pump 42 for pumping water, and a water pipe 43 as a cooling device.

Turf, grass, garbage and the like have a very high water content, and are dried and incinerated at the same time in a usual incinerator or the like. When 'is used, a sufficiently carbonized material is burned, so that the thermal power is stable and the fuel can be efficiently burned.
When bactericides or pesticides remain on these turf, grass, etc., there is a high possibility that dioxins are generated. In this regard, if this pyrolysis furnace A 'is used, a coal having a high thermal power will be a reducing agent. Therefore, no dioxins are generated, the environment is not polluted, and it is safe.

In the above-described embodiment, wood is crushed into chips, but is not limited to wood, but may be turf, grass, garbage or the like. In the pyrolysis furnace A of the first embodiment, the traveling path 11 along which the chip-shaped wood chips 1 travel is provided by the vibrating plate 7 that vibrates up, down, left and right. The specific configuration of the traveling path 11 is as follows. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and may be transported by an appropriate transport device such as a conveyor or air. Further, the heating cylinder 5a is horizontally passed into the combustion process area 5 of the pyrolysis furnace A, and hot air is generated through the inside of the heating cylinder 5a or the combustion cylinder 5c is formed.
Although the gas is burned again in the above, these configurations are not essential requirements of the present invention. This cooling recovery device B
In the above, the flowing water is circulated between each of the discharge ports 29 provided at the upper part of the cooling and collecting apparatus B and the collecting tank 69 at the bottom, but a specific configuration for circulating the flowing water is not limited thereto. Absent. Further, the shield plate 27 provided on the lower surface of the tray 24 and the lower receiving shelf 24a in the cooling and recovery apparatus B are not essential requirements of the present invention.

[0051]

According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, a chip-shaped or fixed-shaped workpiece is used as a material, and the pyrolysis furnace is divided into a combustion process zone, a carbonization process zone, and a drying process zone. The object to be processed is dried in the drying step by the hot air sent from the combustion step, and the object is carbonized in the carbonization step to generate smoke gas. It can be used well and a large amount of stable carbonization can be ensured. In addition, since the cooling and recovery device cools the smoke gas sent from the pyrolysis furnace to adsorb the components of the smoke gas and recovers the wood vinegar from the adsorbed components, it is possible to obtain wood vinegar of high quality very stably. it can. Further, by passing the object to be processed through the drying step region to ensure a constant drying state and thereafter carbonizing, the concentration of the collected wood vinegar becomes constant, and a good-quality and uniform wood vinegar solution can be obtained. Accordingly, a large amount of polyphenols can be obtained.

In the pyrolysis furnace according to the third aspect of the present invention, a plurality of plates are provided in the drying step and the carbonization step, and the objects to be processed are sequentially transferred by a transfer device provided near these plates. Therefore, in the drying process area, the drying is surely performed by the discharged hot air and the hot air rising from the combustion process area, and in the carbonizing process area, the material to be treated is similarly surely carbonized to generate smoke gas, and the combustion process is performed. In the region, the object can be burned very efficiently. In this way, the decomposition target is once carbonized and then burnt, so that it is not oxidized but burned in the reduction zone, so that the pesticides are decomposed and no dioxins are generated.

Further, in the cooling and recovery apparatus according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a receiving tray for receiving flowing water is provided inside the main body to provide a flow path for smoke gas, and the smoke gas traveling along the flow path is cooled. Flow through the inflow path while being cooled by the blower and by the recovery tank and flowing water circulating through each discharge port, and contact the flowing water discharged from each discharge port and the water surface of each tray to adsorb the components in the smoke gas. Since the vinegar is collected downstream and collected in a collection tank to separate and collect the wood vinegar, the wood vinegar can be collected more reliably.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a pyrolysis furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a cooling and recovery apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a cyclone according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a state in which a pyrolysis furnace, a cooling and recovery device, and a cyclone according to a second embodiment of the present invention are connected.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a pyrolysis furnace according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a pyrolysis furnace according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a cyclone is directly connected to a pyrolysis furnace according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS A Pyrolysis furnace 1 Chip-shaped wood piece 2 Hopper 3 Drying process area 4 Carbonization process area 5 Combustion process area 7 Vibration plate 7b Base-side end of vibration plate 9 Vibration motor 11 Traveling path of chip-shaped wood piece 13 Suction port 18 Blower 19 Discharge port 20 Ventilation path B Cooling / recovering device 22 Recovery tank 23 Inflow path 24 Vibrating plate 25 Cold air path 26 Cooling blower 29 Discharge port 30 Water pipe 31 Pump 33 Wood vinegar collection container C Cyclone D Pyrolysis furnace E Cooling / recovering apparatus F Water cooling apparatus G cyclone

Claims (4)

[The claims] 1. A carbonization apparatus comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a cooling and recovery apparatus, and a cyclone. The pyrolysis furnace is configured such that a cylindrical body is erected from the top of a main body, such as chip-shaped or fixed-shaped wood or the like. Intake of the processed material, drying process area, carbonization process area,
Provided separately in the combustion process area, the object to be processed introduced from the intake port proceeds to the drying process area, the carbonization process area, the combustion process area, and in the drying process area by hot air sent from the combustion process area. The object to be dried is dried, and the object to be treated is carbonized in the carbonization step area to generate a smoke gas, and the carbide is burned by minimizing oxygen in the combustion step area; Inside the main body having a cylindrical body, the smoke gas sent from the pyrolysis furnace is cooled to liquefy or adsorb the components of the smoke gas, and the components such as wood vinegar are extracted from the adsorbed components. The cyclone is characterized in that exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace and the cooling / recovery device is centrifuged with solids and discharged inside a main body having a cylindrical body standing upright. , Dry wood, etc. Apparatus. 2. The carbonization apparatus comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a cooling and recovery device, and a cyclone. The pyrolysis furnace is configured such that a cylindrical body is erected from the top of a main body, such as a chip-shaped or fixed-shaped wood or the like. Intake of the processed material, drying process area, carbonization process area,
A plurality of plate members are provided separately in the combustion process region, and a plurality of plate members whose tips are inclined downward and protrude alternately are provided on the opposed inner walls of the drying process region and the carbonization process region, respectively. Providing a device for promoting the progress of each, forming a path through which the object proceeds from the intake through the drying process zone, the carbonization process zone to the combustion process zone by these plates,
Air blown by a separately provided blower is heated through the combustion process area to provide an air passage to a discharge port provided at an upper portion in the drying process area, and from a suction port provided above the carbonization process area. A cooling / recovery device is provided for sucking and cooling the smoke gas generated in the carbonization process area, and the object to be treated introduced from the intake is subjected to the combustion by the device for promoting the object to be treated of the plurality of plates. The process proceeds to the process zone, and in the drying process zone, the object to be processed is dried by the hot air discharged from the discharge port and the hot air rising from the lower combustion process zone, and rises from the combustion process zone in the carbonization process zone. The object to be treated is carbonized by the incoming hot air to generate smoke gas and is recovered from the suction port. In the combustion process area, the carbide is burned with the minimum necessary amount of oxygen, and the above-mentioned cooling and recovery apparatus is used to burn the carbide. Collected by liquefying components of the smoke gas smoke gases generated in the carbonization step ranges by cooling after the suction,
Among them, components such as wood vinegar are separated and collected, and the cyclone is configured to centrifugally separate the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace and the cooling / recovery device into a solid content inside a main body having a tubular body erected. A carbonization device for wood and the like, characterized in that it is discharged. 3. An inside of a main body having a cylindrical body provided from an upper portion is provided with an inlet for an object to be processed such as wood having a chip shape or a fixed shape, a drying process region, a carbonizing process region, and a combustion process region. A plurality of plate bodies whose tips are alternately inclined downward and protrude are provided alternately on the opposing inner walls of the drying step area and the carbonization step area, and a transfer device for the object to be processed is provided near these plate bodies. Each of these transfer devices forms a path through which the object proceeds from the intake port through the drying process area and the carbonization process area to the combustion process area, and air blown by a separately provided blower is used in the combustion process area. An air passage is provided which is heated through the region to reach a discharge port provided at an upper portion in the drying process region, and a suction port is provided above the carbonizing process region for sucking smoke gas generated in the carbonizing process region. Put in by mouth The object to be processed is advanced to the combustion process zone by the transfer device, and is dried by the hot air discharged from the discharge port and the hot air rising from the lower combustion process zone in the drying process zone. In the above, the hot air rising from the combustion process area carbonizes to generate smoke gas and is recovered from the suction port, and in the combustion process area, the carbide is burned with the minimum necessary amount of oxygen. , Pyrolysis furnace. 4. An intake port for smoke gas generated in a pyrolysis furnace in a dry distillation apparatus is provided on an upper portion of a main body having a cylindrical body standing upright, and alternately laterally flows in a lateral direction opposite to the inside of the main body. A receiving tray is provided so as to protrude therefrom, a plurality of trays are provided to provide an inflow path for smoke gas meandering from the upper part of the main body to the lower part, a collecting tank is provided at the bottom of the main body, and a separately provided pump is provided. Water is supplied, a water pipe is provided from the collection tank to each discharge port provided at the top of each of the receiving pans, a wood vinegar collection container is provided in the middle of the water pipe, and the smoke gas taken in from the intake port is While flowing through the recovery tank and the flowing water circulating through each of the discharge ports, the liquid flows through the inflow path, and contacts the flowing water discharged from each of the discharge ports and the water surface of each of the receiving pans to liquefy or absorb the components in the smoke gas. A cooling / recovery device in a carbonization apparatus, characterized in that the deposited liquid is caused to flow down in the main body and collected in a recovery tank, and components such as wood vinegar are separated and recovered.