JP2002249784A - Apparatus for converting waste plastic into oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for converting a waste plastic into an oil, capable of reducing the amount of the residue after thermal decomposition, and having good heat efficiency. SOLUTION: This apparatus 1 for converting the waste plastic into the oil has an ignition burner 5 installed in the lowest part of a thermally decomposing furnace 2 to thermally decompose the waste plastic P charged into the thermally decomposing furnace 2 by directly heating the plastic P, and many air-jetting holes 6 bored therein. The temperature of a thermally decomposed gas is detected by a temperature sensor 10 to control the increase and decrease of the amount of the thermally decomposed gas because the amount of the thermally decomposed gas discharged from a pipe 3 is increased and decreased in a progression process of a chemical change in the thermally decomposing furnace 2, and the amount of the thermally decomposed gas flowing into a condenser 4 is controlled by controlling the amount of the air to the jetting holes 6 from a blower 7 by opening and closing an opening and closing valve 8 based on the detected value. In the condenser 4, the heavy component having the higher boiling point in the thermally decomposed gas is formed into the oil and recovered from a lower output port of the condenser 4, and the light component having the lower boiling point is recovered as a gas from an upper output port of the condenser 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an oil converting apparatus useful for reducing the volume and recycling of waste plastic.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as shown in FIG. 2, in a conventional apparatus 100 for converting waste plastic into oil by pyrolysis, a pyrolysis pot 101 into which waste plastic is charged burns an oil burner 102 to raise the temperature. The waste plastic is placed in a heating furnace 103 where the waste plastic is indirectly heated through the pyrolysis oven 101, and the pyrolysis gas of the waste plastic that has been heated and decomposed flows into the condenser 104. ,
Here, heavy components having a high boiling point are condensed and condensed in the oil recovery tank 1
The gas components recovered at 05 but not condensed
Appropriate treatment is performed and released into the atmosphere. The oil collected in the oil recovery tank 105 is supplied to the oil burner 102 for raising the temperature of the heating furnace 103 or used for another purpose.

[0003]

However, when a conventional apparatus for indirectly heating and thermally decomposing waste plastics is used, undecomposed organic substances (residues of the waste plastics after thermal decomposition) are contained in the waste plastics. There is a problem that a lot of carbides remain. Further, from the viewpoint of the apparatus structure, in order to thermally decompose the waste plastic put into the pyrolysis tank, since the indirect heating method is used, it is necessary to supply more heat than the heat required for the pyrolysis. There is a problem.

[0004] It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste plastic liquefaction apparatus in which the amount of residue after pyrolysis is reduced and which has good thermal efficiency.

[0005]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste plastic oiling apparatus, comprising: a pyrolysis furnace into which waste plastic is charged; and a lower part of the pyrolysis furnace. And an ignition device such as an intake hole for air supplied from a blower or the like and an ignition burner for waste plastic, and a pyrolysis gas for waste plastic flowing out of a pipe attached to an upper part of the pyrolysis furnace. It is equipped with a condenser as a heat exchanger, and adopts a pyrolysis method that directly heats waste plastic, reducing the amount of residues because the residue is incinerated as a heating fuel and raising the temperature of the heating furnace. The heat efficiency is improved because the amount of heat for such as is not required. Furthermore, if such a direct pyrolysis method is adopted,
Since a heating furnace required in the conventional indirect method and a heating furnace such as an oil burner for raising the temperature are not required, the size and cost of the apparatus can be reduced. By the way, the pyrolysis furnace of the present apparatus is a dry-distillation type gas furnace that gasifies combustion chemical change.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for converting waste plastic into oil, wherein a temperature sensor is provided in the pipe line of the pyrolysis furnace, and, for example, an on-off valve is opened and closed based on a detection signal from the temperature sensor. By adjusting the air supplied to the intake hole to an appropriate amount in this manner, the pyrolysis gas of the light component is completely recovered by the condenser.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a waste plastic oil converting apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the present oil conversion apparatus 1 includes a pyrolysis furnace 2 into which waste plastic P is charged, and a pyrolysis gas of the waste plastic P flowing out of a pipe 3 attached to an upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace 2. And a condenser 4 as a heat exchanger for cooling the waste plastic P. At the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 2, an ignition burner (ignition device) 5 for igniting the waste plastic P charged is provided. A large number of air ejection holes (intake holes) 6 are formed, and these ejection holes 6 communicate with an air inlet 9 for air supplied from a blower 7 via an opening / closing valve 8. By the way, the condenser 4 separates the pyrolysis gas exchanged with the cooling water into heavy oil having a high boiling point into liquid oil and light component having a low boiling point into a gaseous substance. .

In the present oil converting apparatus 1, a temperature sensor 10 is provided near the inlet of the condenser 4 at the pipe 3 to detect the temperature of the pyrolysis gas. The detection signal is input to the controller 11, and the controller 11 issues an open / close command to the open / close valve 8. That is, when the amount of pyrolysis gas increases and the temperature increases,
The on-off valve 8 is closed to reduce the amount of air supplied to the pyrolysis furnace 2, while the amount of pyrolysis gas decreases and the temperature decreases, the on-off valve 8 is opened to supply air to the pyrolysis furnace 2. Is controlled to increase. If the temperature does not increase even if the supply amount of air is increased, it is determined that the thermal decomposition of the waste plastic P has ended. Incidentally, the gasification temperature of the waste plastic P in the pyrolysis is about 300 ° C., so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 10 is about 10 ° C.
The opening and closing valve 8 is opened and closed between 0 ° C and 200 ° C.

Next, waste plastic P using the present apparatus 1
The flow of gasification and oilification will be described. Since the waste plastic P put into the pyrolysis furnace 2 is itself a combustible material,
First, ignition is performed using the ignition burner 5. Once ignited, the waste plastic P in the lowermost layer of the pyrolysis furnace 2 becomes a fuel, and the supply of air from the ejection holes 6 causes the waste plastic P in the upper layer to be gasified. Meanwhile, pyrolysis furnace 2
As shown in FIG. 1, a red heat layer b, a fluidized layer c, a heat transfer layer d, and a gas layer e are formed above the incinerated layer a of the hearth by the chemical change in the furnace floor. As the chemical change proceeds, an ash layer is formed from the red-hot layer b to the heat transfer layer d. In the course of the chemical change, the amount of the pyrolysis gas flowing out of the pipe 3 increases and decreases. In order to adjust the amount, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is detected by the temperature sensor 10, and based on this, the open / close valve 8 is opened. Is opened and closed to control the amount of air supplied from the blower 7. Thereby, the amount of the pyrolysis gas flowing out of the pipe 3, that is, the amount of the pyrolysis gas flowing into the condenser 4 is adjusted. In the condenser 4, the pyrolysis gas is heat-exchanged with cooling water, and heavy components having a high boiling point are turned into oil and collected from a lower outlet of the condenser 4, while light components having a low boiling point are converted into a gaseous substance. It is collected from the upper outlet of the condenser 4. Among the recovered fuels, the liquefied fuel is reused, for example, as fuel oil, and the gas is released to the atmosphere after toxic components are removed and deodorized.

It is to be noted that waste plastics P may be additionally introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 2, but in this case, care must be taken since the air must be shut off and introduced. In addition, it is necessary to pay close attention to the temperature control in the pyrolysis furnace 2.

[0011]

According to the waste plastic oil converting apparatus of the present invention, since the direct pyrolysis method is employed, the amount of residues after pyrolysis can be reduced, and the heating furnace is heated. The heat efficiency is good without requiring the amount of heat to perform.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a waste plastic recovery system using a waste plastic liquefaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a waste plastic recovery system using a conventional waste plastic oiling device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 This oil-forming apparatus 2 Pyrolysis furnace 3 Pipe 4 Condenser 5 Ignition burner (ignition device) 6 Injection hole (intake hole) 10 Temperature sensor P Waste plastic

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F27D 21/00 F27D 21/00 GF Term (Reference) 4F301 CA09 CA25 CA26 CA43 CA52 4H029 CA08 CA12 CA14 CA15 4K045 AA01 BA10 DA04 GB08 GB10 4K056 AA00 BA01 BB01 CA14 CA20 DB05 FA03 FA08 FA13

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A pyrolysis furnace into which waste plastic is charged, an air intake hole provided at a lower portion of the pyrolysis furnace, an ignition device for the waste plastic, and an upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace. A condenser for cooling the pyrolysis gas of the waste plastic flowing out of the pipe. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor is provided in the pipe line, and an amount of air to the intake hole is adjusted based on a detection signal from the temperature sensor. apparatus.