JP2002243604A - Ultrasonic fatigue tester - Google Patents
Ultrasonic fatigue testerInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002243604A JP2002243604A JP2001044377A JP2001044377A JP2002243604A JP 2002243604 A JP2002243604 A JP 2002243604A JP 2001044377 A JP2001044377 A JP 2001044377A JP 2001044377 A JP2001044377 A JP 2001044377A JP 2002243604 A JP2002243604 A JP 2002243604A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- stress
- fatigue
- ultrasonic
- test piece
- strain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/02491—Materials with nonlinear acoustic properties
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、超音波により試験
片に歪みを与え、試験片の疲労強度を測定する超音波疲
労試験機に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultrasonic fatigue tester for measuring the fatigue strength of a test piece by applying a strain to the test piece by ultrasonic waves.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、試験片の疲労強度を測定する装置
として、超音波を導入して試験片に疲労破壊を起こさせ
て疲労強度を測定する超音波疲労試験機が知られてい
る。例えば、特開昭６０−１７３３９号公報で開示され
ている方法では、試験片変位の振幅を受光素子で受けて
一定振幅で疲労試験を行うようにしている。このような
超音波疲労試験機は、従来の機械式疲労試験機等に比べ
て応力変化の繰り返し速度を速くすることができ、短期
間に多量の疲労強度試験を行うことができる。また、従
来は時間がかかりすぎてデータを採るのが難しかった回
数が１０８〜１０９回に達する長寿命域での疲労強度試
験も短期間に行うことができる。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an apparatus for measuring the fatigue strength of a test piece, there has been known an ultrasonic fatigue tester for measuring the fatigue strength by introducing ultrasonic waves to cause the test piece to undergo fatigue fracture. For example, in a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-17339, the fatigue test is performed at a constant amplitude by receiving the amplitude of the displacement of a test piece by a light receiving element. Such an ultrasonic fatigue tester can increase the repetition rate of the stress change as compared with a conventional mechanical fatigue tester or the like, and can perform a large amount of fatigue strength test in a short time. In addition, a fatigue strength test in a long life region in which the number of times that it has conventionally been so long that it was difficult to collect data reaches 10 8 to 10 9 times can be performed in a short time.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のように超音波方
式の疲労試験機は、短期間に多量の疲労強度試験を行う
ことに適しているが、試験片に弾性限界以上の応力を負
荷すると、超音波疲労試験機で採取される疲労強度試験
データは、例えば、従来の機械式のような疲労試験機に
より採取された試験データと比べ、同一疲労限界繰返し
回数に対する応力値が１０〜３０％高めに出るという問
題がある。本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされた
ものであって、従来の機械式疲労試験機等とほぼ等しい
疲労強度試験データが得られる超音波疲労試験機を提供
することを目的とする。As described above, the ultrasonic type fatigue tester is suitable for performing a large amount of fatigue strength test in a short period of time, but when a stress exceeding the elastic limit is applied to the test piece. The fatigue strength test data collected by the ultrasonic fatigue tester is, for example, 10-30% of the stress value for the same fatigue limit repetition number as compared with the test data collected by the conventional mechanical type fatigue tester. There is a problem of going high. The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has as its object to provide an ultrasonic fatigue tester capable of obtaining fatigue strength test data substantially equal to those of a conventional mechanical fatigue tester or the like.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
め、本発明の超音波疲労試験機は、超音波の発生に必要
な電力を供給する発振器と、該発振器の出力を受けて試
験片に超音波による振動を与える超音波振動子とを備
え、試験片の疲労強度を試験する超音波疲労試験機にお
いて、予め試験片で測定された歪み応力特性データ又は
計算式を用いて、前記発振器出力及び試験データの補正
処理を行えるようにしたことを特徴とするものである。
本発明の超音波疲労試験機は上記の構成を用いることに
より、従来の機械式疲労試験機等とほぼ近い試験データ
を得ることができる。In order to achieve the above object, an ultrasonic fatigue tester according to the present invention comprises an oscillator for supplying electric power required for generating ultrasonic waves, and a test piece receiving the output of the oscillator. An ultrasonic vibrator that applies vibration by ultrasonic waves to an ultrasonic fatigue tester for testing the fatigue strength of a test piece, using strain stress characteristic data or a calculation formula previously measured on the test piece, and using the oscillator. The output and test data can be corrected.
By using the above configuration, the ultrasonic fatigue tester of the present invention can obtain test data almost similar to those of a conventional mechanical fatigue tester or the like.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の第１実施例による
超音波疲労試験機を図面を参照しながら説明する。図１
は、本超音波疲労試験機の構成を示す概略ブロック図で
ある。本超音波疲労試験機は、試験片Ｓに超音波振動に
よる所定の歪みを加える制御部１（点線で囲まれた部
分）とその歪み検出信号から該当する応力を求める応力
出力部２とから構成されている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an ultrasonic fatigue tester according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 1
1 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of the present ultrasonic fatigue tester. The ultrasonic fatigue tester includes a control unit 1 (a portion surrounded by a dotted line) for applying a predetermined strain to a test piece S by ultrasonic vibration, and a stress output unit 2 for obtaining a corresponding stress from the strain detection signal. Have been.
【０００６】前記制御部１は、入力される応力値に相当
する試験片Ｓの端面歪み振幅値に変換する応力入力部１
１と、その振幅値に相当する電圧設定信号１７ａを発生
する端面振幅設定部１７と、超音波振動を発生する超音
波振動子１３と、この超音波振動子１３と結合して超音
波振動を増幅するホーン１４と、前記超音波振動子１３
を駆動するための駆動部１２と、試験片Ｓの端面変位Ｘ
を測定する変位計１５と、この変位計１５の出力を前記
応力出力部２に必要な出力レベルにまで増幅する変位計
アンプ１６から構成されている。The control unit 1 includes a stress input unit 1 for converting an end surface distortion amplitude value of the test piece S corresponding to the input stress value.
1, an end face amplitude setting unit 17 for generating a voltage setting signal 17a corresponding to the amplitude value, an ultrasonic vibrator 13 for generating ultrasonic vibration, and an ultrasonic vibrator 13 coupled with the ultrasonic vibrator 13 to generate ultrasonic vibration. The horn 14 for amplification and the ultrasonic transducer 13
12 for driving the test piece, and the end face displacement X of the test piece S
, And a displacement meter amplifier 16 that amplifies the output of the displacement meter 15 to an output level required for the stress output unit 2.
【０００７】上記応力入力部１１は、設定された試験応
力値に該当する試験片Ｓの歪み値を補正変換するための
応力歪み変換・補正部１１ａと、この補正された歪み値
から試験片Ｓの端面における振幅値を算出するための歪
み端面振幅変換部１１ｂとから構成されている。The stress input unit 11 includes a stress-strain conversion / correction unit 11a for correcting and converting a strain value of the test piece S corresponding to the set test stress value, and a test piece S based on the corrected strain value. And a distortion end face amplitude conversion section 11b for calculating the amplitude value at the end face of.
【０００８】この応力歪み変換・補正部１１ａには予め
油圧式材料試験機等により測定された図２に示すような
試験片Ｓの応力歪み特性が記憶されている。図２に示さ
れるような応力値σ１は、弾性限界内に該当する応力値
であり、これに対応する歪み値ε１とは直線的な関係を
有している。これに対して応力値σ２は、弾性限界外に
該当する応力値であり、これに対応する歪み値ε２とは
非直線的な関係を有している。The stress-strain conversion / correction section 11a stores in advance the stress-strain characteristics of the test piece S as shown in FIG. 2 measured by a hydraulic material testing machine or the like. The stress value σ 1 as shown in FIG. 2 is a stress value falling within the elastic limit, and has a linear relationship with the corresponding strain value ε 1 . On the other hand, the stress value σ 2 is a stress value falling outside the elastic limit, and has a non-linear relationship with the corresponding strain value ε 2 .
【０００９】また、前記駆動部１２は、必要な超音波振
動に該当する発振波形（通常正弦波波形が用いられる）
を発生させる発振器１２ａと、その信号波形で、前記端
面振幅設定部１７の電圧設定信号１７ａに比例した強さ
の超音波振動を発生させるに必要な電力を、超音波振動
子１３に供給するドライブ回路１２ｂから構成されてい
る。The drive section 12 generates an oscillation waveform (usually a sine wave waveform) corresponding to the required ultrasonic vibration.
12a and a drive for supplying to the ultrasonic vibrator 13 the power required to generate ultrasonic vibration having a signal waveform corresponding to the voltage setting signal 17a of the end face amplitude setting section 17 with the signal waveform. It is composed of a circuit 12b.
【００１０】本装置において、応力歪み変換・補正部１
１ａに試験を行う応力値を設定すると、図２の応力歪み
特性データまたはそれから得られた近似式を用いて歪み
値が算出される。例えば、設定された応力値がσ２であ
るとすると、図２から補正のない場合であれば非直線性
が無視されて歪み値は点線上のε２０と見なされるのに
対し、本発明では非直線性による補正が行われるので歪
み値はε２と見なされる。この歪み値ε２は図２からも
見られるように一般的に歪み値ε２０より大きな値を取
るが、この歪み値ε２は歪み端面振幅変換部１１ｂにお
いて必要な端面振幅値に変換され、端面振幅設定部１７
から電圧設定信号１７ａとしてドライブ回路１２ｂに出
力される。In this apparatus, the stress-strain converter / corrector 1
When the stress value to be tested is set to 1a, the strain value is calculated using the stress-strain characteristic data of FIG. 2 or an approximate expression obtained from the data. For example, assuming that the set stress value is σ 2 , if there is no correction from FIG. 2, the nonlinearity is ignored and the distortion value is regarded as ε 20 on the dotted line, whereas in the present invention, strain values the correction due to nonlinearity is performed is considered epsilon 2. Although this distortion value ε 2 generally takes a value larger than the distortion value ε 20 as can be seen from FIG. 2, this distortion value ε 2 is converted into a required end face amplitude value by the strain end face amplitude conversion section 11b. End face amplitude setting unit 17
Is output to the drive circuit 12b as a voltage setting signal 17a.
【００１１】前記ドライブ回路１２ｂからは、所定の振
幅幅の歪みと、発振器１２ａの波形とを有する駆動信号
が超音波振動子１３に供給され、超音波振動が発生す
る。この超音波振動は、超音波振動子１３内を伝播し、
ホーン１４で増幅されて試験片Ｓに加えられ、試験片Ｓ
が伸縮してその端面と変位計１５間の変位Ｘが変化す
る。From the drive circuit 12b, a drive signal having a distortion of a predetermined amplitude and a waveform of the oscillator 12a is supplied to the ultrasonic vibrator 13 to generate ultrasonic vibration. This ultrasonic vibration propagates in the ultrasonic vibrator 13,
The sample is amplified by the horn 14 and added to the test piece S.
Expands and contracts, and the displacement X between the end face and the displacement meter 15 changes.
【００１２】前記変位Ｘは変位計１５により検出され、
変位計アンプ１６により応力出力部２に必要な信号レベ
ルに増幅される。このようにして、所定の応力値σ１、
σ２に対応した歪みが超音波振動により試験片Ｓに加え
られる。The displacement X is detected by a displacement gauge 15,
The signal is amplified to a signal level required for the stress output unit 2 by the displacement meter amplifier 16. Thus, the predetermined stress value σ 1 ,
A strain corresponding to σ 2 is applied to the test piece S by ultrasonic vibration.
【００１３】一方、実際に試験片Ｓに生じた応力を計測
するために前記応力出力部２が用いられる。この応力出
力部２は、変位計アンプ１６により試験片Ｓの端面変位
Ｘを増幅した出力信号１６ａから歪み値に変換する端面
振幅歪み変換部２１と、この歪み値を応力に補正変換す
る歪み応力変換・補正部２２より構成されている。On the other hand, the stress output unit 2 is used to measure the stress actually generated on the test piece S. The stress output unit 2 converts an output signal 16a obtained by amplifying the end surface displacement X of the test piece S by the displacement meter amplifier 16 into a distortion value, and converts the distortion value into a stress. It comprises a conversion / correction unit 22.
【００１４】上記応力変換・補正部２２には、図２と同
様、予め油圧式材料試験機等により測定された図３に示
すような試験片Ｓの応力歪み特性が記憶されている。図
３に示されるような歪み値ε３は弾性限界内に該当する
歪み値で、これに対応する応力値σ３とは直線的な関係
を有している。これに対して歪み値ε４は、弾性限界外
に該当する歪み値で、これに対応する応力値σ４とは非
直線的な関係を有している。As shown in FIG. 2, the stress conversion / correction section 22 stores stress-strain characteristics of the test piece S as shown in FIG. 3 which are measured in advance by a hydraulic material testing machine or the like. Distortion value epsilon 3 as shown in FIG. 3 is a strain value corresponding to the elastic limit, and has a linear relationship to the stress value sigma 3 corresponding thereto. On the other hand, the strain value ε 4 is a strain value falling outside the elastic limit, and has a non-linear relationship with the corresponding stress value σ 4 .
【００１５】試験片Ｓの変位Ｘは、変位計１５および変
位計アンプ１６で信号変換された後、前記端面振幅歪み
変換部２１により歪み値ε４に変換される。この歪み値
ε４は前記歪み応力変換・補正部２２において図３の応
力歪み特性データまたはそれから得られた近似式を用い
て応力値σ４が算出される。この応力値σ４は補正が行
われない場合の応力値、すなわち点線上の応力値σ４０
に比べて小さくなる。The displacement X of the specimen S, after being signal converted by the displacement gauge 15 and the displacement meter amplifier 16, is converted to strain values epsilon 4 by the end face amplitude distortion conversion portion 21. The distortion value epsilon 4 is stress-strain characteristic data or stress value sigma 4 by using the obtained approximate expression from those in FIG 3 is calculated in the distortion stress conversion and correction unit 22. The stress value σ 4 is the stress value when no correction is performed, that is, the stress value σ 40 on the dotted line.
Smaller than.
【００１６】以上のような制御部１および応力出力部２
を用いて試験片Ｓの疲労試験を行うことにより、弾性限
界以上の応力を加えて疲労試験を行う場合、補正は歪み
を増加させる方向に作用し、疲労寿命データは寿命が短
くなる方向に作用する。したがって、疲労強度は補正を
行わない場合に比べて、従来の疲労試験機で測定する疲
労強度に近い試験データを得ることができる。このよう
にして計測される応力を順次変更して疲労試験を行い、
疲労破壊した寿命（疲労試験繰り返し回数）を求め、こ
れを△印でプロットすることにより、図４のように○印
で示した補正が行われない場合に比べて疲労強度が低下
する。The control unit 1 and the stress output unit 2 as described above
When a fatigue test is performed by applying a stress equal to or more than the elastic limit by performing a fatigue test of the test piece S using the correction, the correction works in a direction to increase the strain, and the fatigue life data works in a direction to shorten the life. I do. Therefore, compared to the case where the fatigue strength is not corrected, test data close to the fatigue strength measured by a conventional fatigue tester can be obtained. A fatigue test is performed by sequentially changing the stress measured in this way,
By calculating the life of the fatigue failure (the number of repetitions of the fatigue test) and plotting this with a mark, the fatigue strength is reduced as compared with the case where the correction shown with a mark is not performed as shown in FIG.
【００１７】図５は本発明の第２実施例の構成を示す概
略ブロック図である。本超音波疲労試験機は、試験片Ｓ
に所定の振幅の歪みをより正確に発生させるために、前
記第１実施例（図１参照）において、前記端面振幅設定
部１７の代わりに、前記変位計アンプ１６からのフィー
ドバック信号１６ｂと前記歪み端面振幅変換部１１ｂか
らの偏差信号を検出して、前記ドライブ回路１２ｂに修
正信号を出力するための端面振幅比較部１８が用いられ
ている。FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention. This ultrasonic fatigue tester uses a test piece S
In the first embodiment (see FIG. 1), the feedback signal 16b from the displacement meter amplifier 16 and the distortion An end face amplitude comparing section 18 for detecting a deviation signal from the end face amplitude converting section 11b and outputting a correction signal to the drive circuit 12b is used.
【００１８】本装置において、応力入力部１１に試験を
行う応力値を設定すると、第１実施例と同様に、端面振
幅値が補正変換され、この端面振幅値は、端面振幅比較
部１８で変位計アンプ１６からの変位Ｘに比例したフィ
ードバック信号１６ｂと比較され、その偏差信号は電圧
信号１８ａとしてドライブ回路１２ｂに入力される。こ
の端面振幅比較部１８から変位計アンプ１６までのフィ
ードバック回路により、周囲温度などの環境変化や経年
変化の影響を除去して、試験片Ｓの端面振幅は、正確に
歪み端面振幅変換部１１ｂの出力値に制御される。In the present apparatus, when a stress value to be tested is set in the stress input section 11, the end face amplitude value is corrected and converted in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The difference signal is compared with a feedback signal 16b proportional to the displacement X from the amplifier 16, and the deviation signal is input to the drive circuit 12b as a voltage signal 18a. By the feedback circuit from the end face amplitude comparing section 18 to the displacement meter amplifier 16, the influence of environmental change such as ambient temperature and aging is removed, and the end face amplitude of the test piece S is accurately corrected by the distortion end face amplitude converting section 11b. Controlled by output value.
【００１９】また、前記変位計アンプ１６からの端面歪
み振幅は、第１実施例と同様にして応力出力部２で補正
変換され、歪み応力変換・補正部２２から応力値として
出力される。本発明の特徴は上記のように試験片Ｓに与
える応力と、試験片Ｓの歪みから求める応力を予め測定
された歪み応力データまたは近似式により補正すること
により、従来の疲労試験機による疲労試験データに近い
データが得られるようにした点にある。なお、前記応力
入力部１１及び応力出力部２の構成要素の演算機能はマ
イクロコンピュータにより実施することもできる。Further, the amplitude of the end face strain from the displacement meter amplifier 16 is corrected and converted by the stress output section 2 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and is output from the strain stress conversion / correction section 22 as a stress value. The feature of the present invention is that the stress applied to the test piece S and the stress obtained from the strain of the test piece S are corrected by a previously measured strain stress data or an approximate expression to thereby perform a fatigue test using a conventional fatigue tester. The point is that data close to the data can be obtained. The operation of the components of the stress input unit 11 and the stress output unit 2 may be performed by a microcomputer.
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の効果】本発明の超音波疲労試験機は、歪み応力
の非直線性の補正をすることで、超音波疲労試験機で採
取した疲労強度データを従来の試験機で採取したデータ
に近づけることができる。According to the ultrasonic fatigue tester of the present invention, the fatigue strength data collected by the ultrasonic fatigue tester is made closer to the data collected by the conventional tester by correcting the nonlinearity of the strain stress. be able to.
【図１】本発明の第１実施例による超音波疲労試験機の
ブロック構成図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic fatigue tester according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】超音波により加えた応力に対する歪みの関係を
表す歪み応力特性図である。FIG. 2 is a strain stress characteristic diagram showing a relationship between strain applied to stress applied by ultrasonic waves.
【図３】超音波により生じた歪に対する応力の関係を表
す歪み応力特性図である。FIG. 3 is a strain stress characteristic diagram showing a relationship between stress generated by ultrasonic waves and stress.
【図４】超音波疲労試験における応力歪み非直線性の補
正の有無しの影響を説明するための疲労寿命特性図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a fatigue life characteristic diagram for explaining the effect of the presence or absence of correction of stress-strain nonlinearity in an ultrasonic fatigue test.
【図５】本発明の第２実施例による超音波疲労試験機の
ブロック構成図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic fatigue tester according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
１…制御部 ２…応力出力部 １１…応力入力部 １２…駆動部 １３…超音波振動子 １４…ホーン １５…変位計 １６…変位計アンプ １６ａ…出力信号 １６ｂ…フィードバック信号 １７…端面振幅設定部 １７ａ…電圧設定信号 １８…端面振幅比較部 １８ａ…電圧信号 ２１…端面振幅歪み変換部 ２２…歪み応力変換・補正部 Ｓ…試験片 Ｘ…変位 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Control part 2 ... Stress output part 11 ... Stress input part 12 ... Driving part 13 ... Ultrasonic vibrator 14 ... Horn 15 ... Displacement meter 16 ... Displacement meter amplifier 16a ... Output signal 16b ... Feedback signal 17 ... End face amplitude setting part 17a: Voltage setting signal 18: End face amplitude comparison section 18a: Voltage signal 21: End face amplitude distortion conversion section 22: Strain stress conversion / correction section S: Test piece X: Displacement
Claims (1)
器と、該発振器の出力を受けて試験片に超音波による振
動を与える超音波振動子とを備え、試験片の疲労強度を
試験する超音波疲労試験機において、予め試験片で測定
された歪み応力特性データ又は計算式を用いて、前記発
振器出力及び試験データの補正処理を行えるようにした
ことを特徴とする超音波疲労試験機。An oscillator for supplying electric power necessary for generating ultrasonic waves, and an ultrasonic vibrator for receiving an output of the oscillator and applying ultrasonic vibration to a test piece to test the fatigue strength of the test piece. An ultrasonic fatigue tester, wherein the oscillator output and the test data are corrected by using strain stress characteristic data or a calculation formula measured in advance on a test piece. .
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| JP2001044377A JP4374785B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2001-02-21 | Ultrasonic fatigue testing machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001044377A JP4374785B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2001-02-21 | Ultrasonic fatigue testing machine |
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|---|---|
| JP2002243604A true JP2002243604A (en) | 2002-08-28 |
| JP4374785B2 JP4374785B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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