JP2002201291A - Method and apparatus for producing modified fluororesin - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for producing modified fluororesinInfo
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- JP2002201291A JP2002201291A JP2001001895A JP2001001895A JP2002201291A JP 2002201291 A JP2002201291 A JP 2002201291A JP 2001001895 A JP2001001895 A JP 2001001895A JP 2001001895 A JP2001001895 A JP 2001001895A JP 2002201291 A JP2002201291 A JP 2002201291A
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- fluororesin
- partial pressure
- producing
- oxygen partial
- gas
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は改質弗素樹脂の製造
方法および製造装置に関し、特に、低い酸素分圧のもと
で弗素樹脂に電離放射線を照射して弗素樹脂を架橋させ
る、改質弗素樹脂の製造方法および製造装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a modified fluororesin, and more particularly, to a modified fluororesin which is irradiated with ionizing radiation to crosslink the fluororesin under a low oxygen partial pressure. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a resin.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】改質弗素樹脂は、低い酸素分圧のもとで
弗素樹脂に電離放射線（以下、放射線という）を照射し
て、弗素樹脂を架橋させることにより製造される。従来
は、弗素樹脂を低い酸素分圧の下におくために、弗素樹
脂を大気と遮断された密閉容器中に置き、この気密容器
中で弗素樹脂に放射線を照射している。2. Description of the Related Art A modified fluororesin is produced by irradiating the fluororesin with ionizing radiation (hereinafter referred to as radiation) under a low oxygen partial pressure to crosslink the fluororesin. Conventionally, in order to keep the fluororesin under a low oxygen partial pressure, the fluororesin is placed in a closed container which is shielded from the atmosphere, and the fluororesin is irradiated with radiation in the airtight container.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、この方法で
は、改質弗素樹脂を製造するための放射線照射装置の全
体を気密にする必要がある。また、弗素樹脂を放射線照
射装置の中に収めてから、酸素分圧を所定の値まで低下
させるには、排気およびガス交換のため長い時間がかか
る。排気の所要時間は当然、真空ポンプ等の排気装置の
能力に左右される。However, in this method, it is necessary to make the whole radiation irradiation apparatus for producing the modified fluororesin airtight. In addition, it takes a long time for exhaust and gas exchange to reduce the oxygen partial pressure to a predetermined value after storing the fluororesin in the radiation irradiation apparatus. The time required for evacuation naturally depends on the capacity of an evacuation device such as a vacuum pump.
【０００４】また、気密を保った照射装置内に弗素樹脂
材料を送り込み、照射後の材料を装置から取り出すため
に特別な工夫を要し、材料の搬送手段や、装置の処理能
力が大きな制約を受ける。In addition, a special device is required to feed the fluororesin material into the airtight irradiation apparatus and take out the irradiated material from the apparatus, which greatly restricts the material transfer means and the processing capacity of the apparatus. receive.
【０００５】本発明の目的は、全体を気密にした放射線
照射装置内において弗素樹脂を架橋させる場合に必要と
される、酸素分圧を所定の値に低下させるまでの待ち時
間を、解消することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to eliminate the waiting time required for lowering the oxygen partial pressure to a predetermined value, which is required when cross-linking a fluororesin in a radiation-irradiating apparatus which is entirely airtight. It is in.
【０００６】また本発明の目的は、気密を保った放射線
照射装置内で弗素樹脂を架橋させる方法に伴う、搬送手
段や処理能力の制約を、解消することにある。Another object of the present invention is to eliminate restrictions on the transport means and the processing capacity associated with the method of cross-linking a fluororesin in an airtight radiation irradiation apparatus.
【０００７】本発明は、さらに、気密を保った放射線照
射装置において弗素樹脂を架橋させる場合に必要とされ
る、酸素分圧を所定の値に低下させるまでの待ち時間を
なくし、また搬送手段や処理能力の制約を解消した、効
率がよくてコストの安い、改質弗素樹脂の製造装置を提
供することを目的とする。[0007] The present invention further eliminates the waiting time required to reduce the oxygen partial pressure to a predetermined value, which is required when cross-linking the fluororesin in the hermetic radiation irradiating apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient and inexpensive apparatus for producing a modified fluororesin, which eliminates restrictions on processing capacity and is efficient and inexpensive.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】この目的を達するため本
発明では、電離放射線を照射して弗素樹脂を架橋させ
る、改質弗素樹脂の製造方法において、開放された空間
で所定の酸素分圧を有する気流の中で、弗素樹脂に電離
放射線を照射して弗素樹脂を架橋させることを特徴とす
る。In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a method for producing a modified fluororesin, which comprises irradiating ionizing radiation to crosslink a fluororesin. The method is characterized in that the fluororesin is irradiated with ionizing radiation in the gas stream to crosslink the fluororesin.
【０００９】また本発明の改質弗素樹脂の製造装置は、
所定の温度で、かつ大気中より低い所定の酸素分圧の下
で、弗素樹脂に電離放射線を照射して、弗素樹脂を架橋
させて改質する、改質弗素樹脂の製造装置において、弗
素樹脂を収容する、大気に開放された空間の区画と、大
気圧より高い所定の圧力で気体を収容する容器と、この
容器から気体を上記区画に放出して、気流を形成する手
段と、弗素樹脂を所定の温度に加熱する加熱手段とから
成り、所定の圧力の気体は、所定の酸素分圧を有する気
流を生ずるような組成であることを特徴とする。The apparatus for producing a modified fluororesin of the present invention comprises:
An apparatus for producing a modified fluororesin, which irradiates the fluororesin with ionizing radiation at a predetermined temperature and under a predetermined oxygen partial pressure lower than that in the atmosphere to crosslink and modify the fluororesin, A container for storing a gas at a predetermined pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure, a means for discharging a gas from the container to the above-mentioned section to form an air flow, and a fluorine resin. And a heating means for heating the gas to a predetermined temperature, wherein the gas at a predetermined pressure has a composition that generates an airflow having a predetermined oxygen partial pressure.
【００１０】電離放射線として、Ｘ線、γ線、電子線、
高エネルギーイオン束を用いることができる。これらの
代わりに、又はこれらと共に中性子線を用いてもよい。As ionizing radiation, X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams,
High energy ion fluxes can be used. A neutron beam may be used instead of or together with these.
【００１１】所定の酸素分圧とは１００ｔｏｒｒ以下で
ある。１００ｔｏｒｒを超えると、架橋反応が抑制さ
れ、熱分解により樹脂が劣化し、機械的強度や伸び量が
低下する。気流には不活性ガス、例えばアルゴン、ヘリ
ウム、窒素を、含んでもよい。必要に応じて、水素、二
酸化炭素、一酸化炭素、メタン、エタン、エチレン、ア
セチレン等の気体を含んでもよい。[0011] The predetermined oxygen partial pressure is 100 torr or less. If it exceeds 100 torr, the crosslinking reaction is suppressed, the resin is deteriorated by thermal decomposition, and the mechanical strength and elongation are reduced. The air stream may include an inert gas, for example, argon, helium, nitrogen. If necessary, a gas such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene may be contained.
【００１２】本発明の方法は、共重合体も包含されるテ
トラフルオロエチレン重合体に適用でき、有用である。
特に、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエ
チレン−パーフルオロ（アルキルビニルエーテル）共重
合体、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピ
レン共重合体に有用である。The method of the present invention is applicable and useful for tetrafluoroethylene polymers, including copolymers.
It is particularly useful for polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
【００１３】放射線の照射は、弗素樹脂の融点より１０
ないし３０℃高い温度で行なうことが好ましい。上記弗
素樹脂類の多くは、２７０℃ないし３３０℃の融点をも
つ。例えば融点が３１０℃のポリテトラフルオロエチレ
ンの場合、照射温度は３２０ないし３４０℃が適当であ
る。弗素樹脂をこのような温度に加熱するには、通常の
ようにヒータ等を用いる。Irradiation is performed at a temperature of 10 ° C. below the melting point of the fluororesin.
It is preferably carried out at a temperature higher by 30 ° C. Many of the above fluororesins have a melting point of 270 ° C to 330 ° C. For example, in the case of polytetrafluoroethylene having a melting point of 310 ° C., an irradiation temperature of 320 to 340 ° C. is appropriate. To heat the fluororesin to such a temperature, a heater or the like is used as usual.
【００１４】低酸素分圧の気流は、適当な組成の気体
を、内圧が１．０１ないし５．０気圧の容器から弗素樹
脂の上に吹き出させることにより得られ、これにより弗
素樹脂は装置外の大気から遮断される。The low oxygen partial pressure gas stream is obtained by blowing a gas of an appropriate composition from a container having an internal pressure of 1.01 to 5.0 atm onto the fluororesin, whereby the fluororesin is removed from the apparatus. Shielded from the atmosphere.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は、本発明の方法に用いる放
射線照射装置を示す。この装置は、架台１、ローラコン
ベア２、ヒータ４ａ，４ｂ、ガス配管５、チタン箔６
ａ，６ｂ、天板７、粒子加速器８から成る。ガス配管５
は枝管５ａを有する。この装置はシート状の弗素樹脂を
連続的に照射するのに適している。FIG. 1 shows a radiation irradiation apparatus used in the method of the present invention. This apparatus comprises a gantry 1, a roller conveyor 2, heaters 4a and 4b, a gas pipe 5, a titanium foil 6
a, 6b, a top plate 7, and a particle accelerator 8. Gas piping 5
Has a branch pipe 5a. This apparatus is suitable for continuously irradiating a sheet-like fluororesin.
【００１６】架台１の上で弗素樹脂材料３は、ローラコ
ンベア２により図中右から左へ搬送され、ヒータ４ａお
よび４ｂにより上下両面から加熱される（例えば３４０
±５℃）。弗素樹脂材料３の上面にはガス配管５の枝管
５ａから放出される酸素濃度の低いガスの流れが吹きつ
けられる。例えば、酸素分圧が１００ｔｏｒｒ以下の窒
素ガスを、内圧５気圧のガス配管５から枝管５ａを通し
て弗素樹脂材料３の上に吹き出させる。ガス気流により
大気から遮断され、低い酸素分圧下に置かれた弗素樹脂
材料３に、粒子加速器８から電子線を含むγ線がチタン
箔６ａ，６ｂを通して照射される。照射が行なわれる部
位では、装置の材料入口及び出口から最も遠いので、装
置内部の酸素分圧は最も低くなる。材料入口及び出口
は、装置内の酸素分圧を低く保つため、できるだけ小さ
く作られている。The fluororesin material 3 is conveyed on the gantry 1 from right to left in the figure by a roller conveyor 2 and is heated from both upper and lower surfaces by heaters 4a and 4b (for example, 340).
± 5 ° C). On the upper surface of the fluororesin material 3, a flow of a gas having a low oxygen concentration discharged from the branch pipe 5a of the gas pipe 5 is blown. For example, a nitrogen gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 100 torr or less is blown from the gas pipe 5 having an internal pressure of 5 atm through the branch pipe 5a onto the fluororesin material 3. Γ-rays including electron beams are irradiated from the particle accelerator 8 through the titanium foils 6a and 6b to the fluororesin material 3 which is shielded from the atmosphere by the gas flow and placed under a low oxygen partial pressure. At the site where the irradiation takes place, the oxygen partial pressure inside the device is lowest since it is farthest from the material inlet and outlet of the device. The material inlet and outlet are made as small as possible to keep the oxygen partial pressure in the device low.
【００１７】図２は、本発明の方法に用いる別の放射線
照射装置を示す。この装置は、厚さの大きい弗素樹脂材
料（例えばブロック状）の放射線架橋改質装置である。
この装置の主な部分は図１の装置と同様であり、架台
１、ローラコンベア１２、ヒータ４ａ，４ｂ、ガス配管
５、枝管５ａ、チタン箔６ａ，６ｂ、天板７、粒子加速
器８から成る。図２の装置は、この他に、容器１３と、
外気の侵入を少なくするための６個の仕切り板９Ａ，９
Ｂ，９Ｃ，９Ｄ，９Ｅ，９Ｆを有し、この点で図１の装
置と異なる。仕切り板９Ａ以下は弗素樹脂材料３の移送
のため開閉自在であるが、密閉するものではない。弗素
樹脂材料３は仕切り板９Ａないし９Ｆの間の５つの区画
Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅでそれぞれ停止して低酸素濃度下に
加熱され、区画Ｃで放射線照射される。すなわち、この
装置は半連続処理方式である。FIG. 2 shows another irradiation apparatus used in the method of the present invention. This apparatus is a radiation crosslinking reforming apparatus for a fluorine resin material having a large thickness (for example, a block shape).
The main parts of this apparatus are the same as those of the apparatus of FIG. 1, and the base 1, roller conveyor 12, heaters 4a and 4b, gas pipe 5, branch pipe 5a, titanium foils 6a and 6b, top plate 7, and particle accelerator 8 Become. The device of FIG. 2 additionally includes a container 13;
Six partition plates 9A and 9 for reducing invasion of outside air
B, 9C, 9D, 9E and 9F, and differs from the apparatus of FIG. 1 in this point. The partition plate 9A and below are openable and closable for transferring the fluororesin material 3, but are not sealed. The fluororesin material 3 is stopped at each of the five sections A, B, C, D, and E between the partition plates 9A to 9F, is heated under a low oxygen concentration, and is irradiated with radiation in the section C. That is, this apparatus is a semi-continuous processing method.
【００１８】架台１の上で弗素樹脂材料３はローラコン
ベア１２により図中右から左へ搬送される。仕切り板９
Ａがまず開かれ、弗素樹脂材料３は区画Ａに進入し、ヒ
ータ１４ａにより上から加熱される。仕切り板９Ａが閉
じられ、弗素樹脂材料３の上面には、ガス配管５の枝管
５ａから放出される酸素濃度の低いガスの流れが吹きつ
けられる。区画Ａ内の酸素濃度が充分低くなると、仕切
り板９Ｂが開かれ、弗素樹脂材料３は区画Ｂに移送さ
れ、仕切り板９Ｂは閉じられる。弗素樹脂材料３は、枝
管５ａから放出される酸素濃度の低い気流の下でヒータ
１４ａによりさらに加熱される。このようにして段階的
に加熱された弗素樹脂材料３は、区画Ｃに移送され、ヒ
ータ１４ａ，１４ｃにより、例えば３４０±５℃まで加
熱される。The fluororesin material 3 is conveyed on the gantry 1 by a roller conveyor 12 from right to left in the figure. Partition plate 9
A is first opened, the fluororesin material 3 enters the section A, and is heated from above by the heater 14a. The partition plate 9A is closed, and a flow of a gas having a low oxygen concentration discharged from the branch pipe 5a of the gas pipe 5 is blown onto the upper surface of the fluororesin material 3. When the oxygen concentration in the section A becomes sufficiently low, the partition plate 9B is opened, the fluororesin material 3 is transferred to the section B, and the partition plate 9B is closed. The fluororesin material 3 is further heated by the heater 14a under a low oxygen concentration airflow released from the branch pipe 5a. The fluorine resin material 3 thus heated stepwise is transferred to the section C and heated to, for example, 340 ± 5 ° C. by the heaters 14a and 14c.
【００１９】低い酸素分圧下に加熱された弗素樹脂材料
３に、区画Ｃで、粒子加速器８から電子線を含むγ線が
チタン箔６ａ，６ｂを通して照射される。照射が行なわ
れる区画Ｃでは、装置の材料入口および出口から最も遠
いので、酸素分圧は最も低くなる。架橋反応後、仕切り
板９Ｄが開き、弗素樹脂材料３は区画Ｃから区画Ｄに送
られ、低い酸素分圧下に加熱されながらさらに区画Ｅに
送られる。仕切り板９Ｆが開いて、最後の区画Ｅから弗
素樹脂材料３が送り出されると、仕切り板９Ｆは閉じら
れ、一旦大気に開放された区画Ｅ内は再び枝管５ａから
の気流により低い酸素分圧を回復する。In the section C, the particle accelerator 8 irradiates the fluorine resin material 3 heated under a low oxygen partial pressure with a γ-ray including an electron beam through the titanium foils 6a and 6b. In section C where the irradiation takes place, the oxygen partial pressure is lowest since it is furthest from the material inlet and outlet of the device. After the crosslinking reaction, the partition plate 9D opens, and the fluororesin material 3 is sent from the section C to the section D, and further sent to the section E while being heated under a low oxygen partial pressure. When the partition plate 9F is opened and the fluororesin material 3 is sent out from the last section E, the partition plate 9F is closed, and the inside of the section E once opened to the atmosphere has a low oxygen partial pressure due to the airflow from the branch pipe 5a. To recover.
【００２０】図２の装置は、弗素樹脂材料３が粉体であ
る場合にも利用できる。粉体は容器１３に入れてローラ
コンベア１２に載せ、放射線照射される。The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 can also be used when the fluororesin material 3 is a powder. The powder is placed in a container 13, placed on a roller conveyor 12, and irradiated with radiation.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明の改質弗素樹脂の製造方法による
と、弗素樹脂を架橋させる放射線照射装置全体を気密に
保つ必要がないので、酸素分圧を所定の値に低下させる
までの待ち時間を要しない。また、気密に保った放射線
照射装置で弗素樹脂を架橋させる従来の方法での、搬送
手段や処理能力の制約が、解消される。その結果、効率
よく、また安いコストで、改質弗素樹脂を製造できる。According to the method for producing a modified fluororesin of the present invention, it is not necessary to keep the entire radiation irradiating apparatus for crosslinking the fluororesin airtight, so that the waiting time until the oxygen partial pressure is reduced to a predetermined value is reduced. Does not require In addition, the restrictions on the transporting means and the processing capacity in the conventional method of cross-linking the fluorine resin with the radiation irradiating apparatus kept airtight are eliminated. As a result, the modified fluororesin can be produced efficiently and at low cost.
【００２２】本発明の改質弗素樹脂の製造装置による
と、気密を保った放射線照射装置において弗素樹脂を架
橋させる場合のような、酸素分圧を所定の値に低下させ
るまでの長い待ち時間を必要とせず、また搬送手段や処
理能力の制約が解消するので、効率よく、また安いコス
トで、改質弗素樹脂を製造できる。According to the modified fluororesin manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, a long waiting time until the oxygen partial pressure is reduced to a predetermined value, such as when the fluororesin is cross-linked in an airtight radiation irradiation apparatus, is provided. Since it is not necessary and the restrictions on the transport means and processing capacity are eliminated, the modified fluororesin can be produced efficiently and at low cost.
【図１】本発明の方法に用いる放射線照射装置の説明図FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a radiation irradiation apparatus used in the method of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の方法に用いる放射線照射装置の説明図FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a radiation irradiation apparatus used in the method of the present invention.
１ 架台 ２ ローラコンベア ３ 弗素樹脂材料 ４ａ，４ｂ ヒータ ５ ガス配管 ５ａ 枝管 ６ａ，６ｂ チタン箔、 ７ 天板 ８ 粒子加速器 ９Ａ，９Ｂ，９Ｃ，９Ｄ，９Ｅ，９Ｆ 仕切り板 １２ ローラコンベア １３ 容器 １４ａ，１４ｃ ヒータ Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ 区画 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mount 2 Roller conveyor 3 Fluororesin material 4a, 4b Heater 5 Gas pipe 5a Branch pipe 6a, 6b Titanium foil, 7 Top plate 8 Particle accelerator 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F Partition plate 12 Roller conveyor 13 Container 14a , 14c heater A, B, C, D, E section
Claims (10)
架橋させる、改質弗素樹脂の製造方法において、 開放された空間で所定の酸素分圧を有する気流の中で、
前記弗素樹脂に前記電離放射線を照射して前記弗素樹脂
を架橋させることを特徴とする、改質弗素樹脂の製造方
法。1. A method for producing a modified fluororesin, wherein a fluororesin is cross-linked by irradiating ionizing radiation, in an airflow having a predetermined oxygen partial pressure in an open space.
A method for producing a modified fluororesin, comprising irradiating the fluororesin with the ionizing radiation to crosslink the fluororesin.
中の酸素分圧より低い、請求項１の改質弗素樹脂の製造
方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined oxygen partial pressure is lower than a normal atmospheric oxygen partial pressure.
ｒｒ以下である、請求項２の改質弗素樹脂の製造方法。3. The predetermined oxygen partial pressure is 100 to
The method for producing a modified fluororesin according to claim 2, which is not more than rr.
記開放された空間に放出されることにより生じたもので
ある、請求項２又は３の改質弗素樹脂の製造方法。4. The method for producing a modified fluororesin according to claim 2, wherein the gas flow is generated by discharging a pressurized gas into the open space.
記電離放射線を照射して架橋される、請求項２又は３の
改質弗素樹脂の製造方法。5. The method for producing a modified fluororesin according to claim 2, wherein said fluororesin is cross-linked by irradiating said ionizing radiation at a predetermined temperature.
の融点より高く、前記融点に近い温度である、請求項５
の改質弗素樹脂の製造方法。6. The predetermined temperature is higher than a melting point of the fluororesin and close to the melting point.
A method for producing a modified fluororesin.
を加熱することにより得られる、請求項６の改質弗素樹
脂の製造方法。7. The method for producing a modified fluororesin according to claim 6, wherein said predetermined temperature is obtained by heating said fluororesin.
は前記加圧された気体を加熱することにより得られる、
請求項４の改質弗素樹脂の製造方法。8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature is obtained by heating the gas stream or the pressurized gas.
A method for producing the modified fluororesin of claim 4.
い所定の酸素分圧の下で、弗素樹脂に電離放射線を照射
して、この弗素樹脂を架橋させて改質する、改質弗素樹
脂の製造装置において、 前記弗素樹脂を収容する、大気に開放された空間の区画
と、 大気圧より高い所定の圧力で気体を収容する容器と、 この容器から前記気体を前記区画に放出して、気流を形
成する手段と、 前記弗素樹脂を前記所定の温度に加熱する加熱手段とを
具え、 前記気体は、前記所定の酸素分圧を有する前記気流を生
ずるような組成であることを特徴とする、改質弗素樹脂
の製造装置。9. A modified fluororesin, wherein the fluororesin is irradiated with ionizing radiation at a predetermined temperature and under a predetermined oxygen partial pressure lower than that in the atmosphere to crosslink and modify the fluororesin. In the manufacturing apparatus, a section of a space open to the atmosphere that contains the fluororesin, a container that contains a gas at a predetermined pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure, and that the gas is discharged from the container to the section, And a heating means for heating the fluororesin to the predetermined temperature, wherein the gas has a composition that generates the gas flow having the predetermined oxygen partial pressure. Equipment for producing modified fluororesin.
以下であり、前記所定の温度は、前記弗素樹脂の融点よ
り高く、前記融点に近い温度である、請求項９の改質弗
素樹脂の製造装置。10. The predetermined oxygen partial pressure is 100 torr.
10. The apparatus for producing a modified fluororesin according to claim 9, wherein the predetermined temperature is higher than and close to the melting point of the fluororesin.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9776289B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2017-10-03 | Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, Inc. | Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment, and method for producing them |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9776289B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2017-10-03 | Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, Inc. | Fluorocarbon resin composite, cookware, cooker, roller for office automation equipment, belt for office automation equipment, and method for producing them |
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