JP2002196664A - Optometric model - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optometric model which is equipped with a cornea section, a pupil section and ocular fundus chart slot which are constituted with lenses and enables a user to make natural optometric training accompanied by the expansion and contraction of the pupil. SOLUTION: The front in the central part of the ocular fundus chart slot 12 is projectingly provided with a guide ring and a lens 31 is arranged in front thereof apart a spacing. A movable body 22 extended with a soft rubber film 25 pierced with a small hole at its center is arranged on the outer side of the guide ring and the rubber film is made to abut on the front end of the guide ring. The model is provided with an operation means of moving the movable body forward and backward in the state of positioning the small hole on a line connecting the guide ring and the center of the lens.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optometry model provided with a cornea, a pupil, and a fundus diagram insertion portion formed of lenses, and is used when practicing a medical examination for a fundus disease using a direct image mirror. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When practicing examination of a fundus disease using a direct image mirror, it is most desirable to practice looking into the fundus of a patient having the disease. However, opportunities for trainees to encounter patients with the disease are extremely rare. Even if you can meet the patient,
Since the direct-view mirror must be used while explaining to the unskilled trainee, the light from the optometer will be inevitably applied to the eyeball for a long time. If the human eyeball is irradiated with light for a long time, the eyeball may be damaged, and the necessity of an accurate optometry model similar to the human eyeball has been called out. As this type of optometry model, a model disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-26941 is known. In this known optometry model, a through-hole is formed in a tip wall of two cylindrical bodies formed of paper or the like to make it look like a pupil, a convex lens is closely attached to the back surface thereof, and a fundus diagram for inserting a fundus diagram behind the cylindrical body. In this configuration, two slits are supported by a stand prepared separately. In this configuration, optometry practice is performed on a cylinder supported by standing a stand on a desk. The pupil is simply a perforated hole in the plane wall and is always the same size, and because it is located in front of the lens, it does not go out of the scope of the fundus view It has become. Optometry is difficult,
The image was completely different from the optometry practice for a normal patient, and was extremely unnatural as a practice for examining a patient with a fundus disease.

[0003]

The object of the present invention is to make it possible to perform natural optometry exercises involving pupil enlargement / reduction in an optometry model provided with a cornea, a pupil, and a fundus oculi insertion part constituted by lenses. Things.

[0004]

Technical means for solving this technical problem include (a) a guide ring protruding from the front surface of the central portion of the fundus drawing insertion part, and (b) providing a space in front of the guide ring. Place,
(C) A movable body having a soft rubber film having a small hole formed in the center is arranged outside the guide ring, and (d) the rubber film is brought into contact with the tip of the guide ring. And operating means for moving the movable body back and forth with the small hole positioned on the line connecting the center of the lens.

[0005] A soft rubber film having a small hole formed in the center is arranged between the fundus diagram insertion portion and the lens, and forms a pupil portion. The pupil is composed of a guide ring protruding from the front surface of the central portion of the fundus diagram insertion portion, and a movable body disposed outside the guide ring and having the soft rubber film stretched thereon. When the movable body is moved backward by contacting the tip of the rubber film, the rubber film is pulled and the small holes are slightly enlarged. At this time, since the rubber film is pulled through the circular guide ring, the small holes are evenly pulled in the radial direction, so that the diameter of the small holes can be increased while maintaining the circular shape. When the backward pulling force of the movable body is released, the rubber film reduces the diameter of the small hole while advancing the movable body by its own contraction force. When manipulating the movable body by operating means, the small hole is located on the line connecting the guide ring and the center of the lens, so the center of the pupil should always be located at the center of the eyeball and scaled become.

The guide ring is for enlarging or reducing the small hole of the rubber film while maintaining the circular shape, and any shape may be used as long as the outer shape of the contact portion with the rubber film is circular. Alternatively, it is possible to use a ring that is fixed to the fundus oculi view insertion portion by using a short rod, or that a cylindrical body protrudes from the fundus oculi insertion portion. In this case, if the diameter is increased toward the base end of the cylindrical body, the visual field at the time of optometry can be increased. As the rubber film, those made of natural rubber or silicon rubber can be preferably used,
Synthetic rubber, other rubbers, and resins can be used as long as they are tough and stretchable even if they are thin. It is desirable to draw an iris pattern around the small hole. In addition, diseases of the pupil,
For example, when practicing optometry for iris defects,
Forming missing parts or deformation in small holes drilled in the rubber membrane,
You have to color the rubber film and draw a disease diagram. Therefore, it is desirable that this rubber film be replaceable. It is desirable to use a ring or a cylinder having a circular cross section for the movable body having the rubber film stretched thereon in order to impart a completely uniform tensile force to the rubber.

The use of a plano-convex lens as the lens of the cornea has the advantage that a medical examination can be performed using the same distance (ocular axis) and eye diopter as the human eyeball (see claim 2). In addition,
If the antireflection coating is applied to the surface of the lens, the light from the optometer can reach deep into the fundus, so that the optometry can be performed with a brighter fundus diagram. When two or more insertion portions of the fundus diagram are provided, there is an advantage that the fundus diagram corresponding to the fundus disease can be observed by selecting an appropriate distance (see claim 3). In addition, the fundus map is printed matter,
By using a photograph, a positive film taken of an actual disease, or the like, it is possible to observe the disease in details. By alternately observing the fundus map of a healthy person and the diseased fundus diagram with respect to the fundus diagram insertion part, the disease state can be clearly distinguished and recognized, so that accurate judgment ability can be cultivated. .

As the operating means for moving the movable body back and forth for enlarging and reducing the pupil, known operating means such as a telescopic rod utilizing the rotation of a screw rod and the swinging of a lever, an air cylinder, a pinion rack mechanism and the like are used. It does not matter whether it is manual or automatic. If the light detecting means is arranged at the periphery of the lens, light from the outside passes through the lens, so that the detecting means can detect the brightness. In the case of adopting an automatic operation means, if the operation means is operated by using a signal which detects the brightness at the time of optometry (the presence or absence of illumination), the pupil is made to react to light in the same manner as a human body. Can be changed (see claim 4). In this case, it is desirable to control the operation of the operating means in accordance with the amount of light so that the degree of enlargement or reduction of the pupil can be adjusted. In addition, by forming eyelids formed of a material such as a soft resin that can be stretched at the left and right eyeball positions of the head model and storing the optometry model inside thereof, an optometry model closer to the human body is formed. Can be. Since the examination can be practiced for a series of operations from the opening of the eyelids to the optometry, there is an advantage that a more natural optometry can be performed as compared with the case of using the box-shaped optometry model described at the beginning ( See claim 5).

[0009]

According to the present invention, natural optometry practice involving enlargement / reduction of the pupil can be performed. As a result, the optometry image can be made closer to the real thing, and there is an advantage that the result of the practice can be enhanced.

[0010]

1 is a front view of a head model 1. FIG. This model imitates the front half of the head, that is, the face side,
In this embodiment, a structure in which a urethane resin film 3 having elasticity is coated on the outside of a core 2 made of a urethane foam is employed. The left and right eyelid portions 4, 4 are formed only of a urethane resin film and have elasticity in the vertical direction, so that the eyelids can be widely opened. A concave portion 5 is provided from the back side of the head to the eyelid 4 side, and a not-shown support means is inserted into the concave portion 5 in a state where an optometry model 11 described later is inserted and the lens 31 is in contact with the inside of the eyelid 4. Is fixed.

The optometry model 11 includes an optometry view insertion case 12.
And a pupil part 20 and a cornea part 30. Case 1
2 is a U-shaped spacer 14, 1 on the front surface of the back plate 13.
4 and the frame 15 are sequentially laminated three by three, and the thickness of the spacer 14 is approximately equal to the thickness of the fundus oculi fundus 10 described later, and the frame 14 is viewed from the side (see arrow a in FIG. 6). The fundus diagram 10 can be inserted and removed between the members 15 and 15 and between the frame 15 and the back plate 13. Note that FIG. 10 shows the fundus oculi fundus fixed to a positive film frame plate in which the fundus is photographed in FIG.

The corneal part 30 is formed by a plate 32 having a plano-convex lens 31 at the center with the convex part protruding outward.
In order to provide an interval with the frame 15 in the front row, it is fixed to the frame 15 via a connecting rod 33. In this embodiment, a lens in which a lens 31 and a plate 32 are integrally formed of a transparent resin is used, and a white paint is applied to the lens at a portion 34 corresponding to the sclera of the eyeball.

The pupil 20 is arranged between the case 15 and the plate 32. At the center of the frame 15 in the front row of the case, a cylindrical body 21 as a guide ring having an enlarged diameter at the base end is provided.
Is provided on the outside thereof, a hole is provided at the center thereof for penetrating the cylindrical body 21, and a short cylindrical body 23 is projected forward from a peripheral edge thereof. The movable plate 22 is arranged. The movable plate 22 penetrates the connecting rod 33 and is guided by the connecting rod 33 to enable movement in the front-rear direction. At the tip of the cylindrical body 23, a membrane 25 made of natural rubber having a small hole 24 formed in the center is stretched. The cylindrical body 23 is located outside the cylindrical body 21 in a state where the film body 25 is in contact with the tip of the cylindrical body 21. In addition, the center of the small hole 24 and the lens 31 is arranged so as to be located on the central axis of the cylindrical body 21. At the upper and lower portions of the movable plate 22, operating rods 27, 27 are projected toward the rear side.
5 and 15, facing the outside of the case 12, and connecting plate 2
8 connects the end comrades.

In the state shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the cylinder 23 is in the advanced position, the diameter of the small hole 24 is small, and the pupil is in a contracted state. A screw rod 35 is inserted into a spiral hole formed in the center of the connecting plate 28.
6 is rotated to the right, the screw rod 35 moves forward to increase the distance between the case 12 and the connecting plate 28, and the operation rod 27
And the cylindrical body 23 are relatively moved to the rear side, so that the film body 25 is pulled while being bent at the opening edge of the distal end of the cylindrical body 21, thereby increasing the diameter of the small hole 24 and forming a state of pupil enlargement. (See FIGS. 4 and 5). The operating rods 27, 27 are guided by the frame 15, and the movable plate 22 itself is connected to the connecting rods 33, 33.
Therefore, the cylindrical body 23 is moved in an extremely stable state.

Further, since tension is always applied to the film body 25, the cylindrical body 23 and the movable plate 22 are urged forward, and the movable plate 22 is irrespective of the operation of the screw rod 35. 22 does not move backward. When the knob 36 is rotated to the left, the cylindrical body 23 advances using the contraction force of the rubber, and the pupil contracts. In this embodiment,
The screw rod 35 is rotated using the knob 36. However, it is needless to say that the screw rod 35 can be rotated using a motor.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the optometry model 11, wherein a part of the lens 31 is cut out, and the rubber film 25 therein is further cut away.
Is partially cut away. The optometry model in FIG. 6 is a model for one eye, and is separately provided on the left and right sides, but may be configured as an integrated type for both eyes.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a head model.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a head model in which a left head is cut away.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a pupil contraction state of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a left side view showing a part of the optometry model in a pupil enlarged state in a cross section;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a pupil enlarged state of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a front view of the optometry model.

FIG. 7: Surface view of fundus map

[Explanation of symbols]

1 head model, 4 eyelids, 10 fundus, 11 optometry model,
12 fundus view insertion case, 13 back plate, 14 spacer, 15
Frame, 20 pupil, 21 cylinder, 22 movable plate, 23 cylinder, 24 small hole, 25 rubber film, 27 operating rod, 28 connecting plate, 30 cornea, 31 lens, 32 plate, 33 connected Rod,
35 screw rod, 36 knob

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An optometry model including a cornea, a pupil, and a fundus oculi insertion part constituted by a lens, a guide ring protruding from a front surface of a central portion of the fundus oculi insertion part, and a lens being provided with an interval in front thereof. , And a movable body with a soft rubber film with a small hole formed in the center is placed outside the guide ring, and the rubber film is brought into contact with the tip of the guide ring to connect the center of the lens with the guide ring. An optometry model provided with operation means for moving a movable body forward and backward with a small hole positioned on a line. 2. The optometry model according to claim 1, wherein the lens of the cornea is a plano-convex lens. 3. The optometry model according to claim 1, wherein two or more insertion portions for a fundus diagram are provided. 4. The optometry model according to claim 1, wherein a light detecting means is arranged at a peripheral portion of the lens, and the operating means is operated by detecting brightness at the time of optometry. 5. An eyelid made of a flexible material which can be extended and contracted at the left and right eyeball positions of the face model, and the eyelid is formed inside the eyelid.
An optometry head model containing the optometry model according to any one of the above.