JP2002196375A - Display/light control element, controlling method thereof and producing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display element or a light control element for information terminal instrument and a producing method thereof which has satisfactory visibility and small power consumption even in the environment where illumination environment sharply changes. SOLUTION: This display element or light control element is composed of a supermolecular structural body which comprises a cyclic compound and a chain compound enclosed by the cyclic compound and in which the cyclic compound moves over the chain compound by external stimulation and at least one sheet of supporting substrate. In this method for producing the display element or light control element, furthermore, the supermolecular structural body which is composed of an electrode, an insulating functional film, and the cyclic compound and the chain compound enclosed by the cyclic compound on the supporting substrate and on which the cyclic compound moves over the chain compound owing to external stimulation, an counter electrode which is disposed so as to be parallel or be vertically intersected with the electrode and a protective film are successively laminated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display element using a supramolecular structure or a display device provided with the display element. Devices used in information terminal devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and notebook computers, various video devices, game devices, portable VTRs, digital cameras, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various elements have been proposed, developed and put into practical use as flat panel displays.
In particular, in a liquid crystal display, a display element that combines a liquid crystal and a polarizing plate, modulates light source light by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal, and using the liquid crystal as a flat shutter is a personal computer, a mobile phone, a mobile device,
It is widely used as a flat display in a wide field such as a V monitor. Recently, self-luminous organic EL
Has been developed, and development for practical use in mobile phones, portable game devices, and the like has been actively pursued. In an organic EL device, an electric field is applied to an organic compound, electrons and holes are recombined in the organic compound, and a light emitting substance is excited to emit light. Further, an electrochromic display (ECD) has been developed, although it has not been put to practical use. The ECD generally includes an electrochromic material and an electrolyte material, and generates color by an oxidation-reduction reaction by applying an electric field to the electrochromic material. On the other hand, supramolecular chemistry is becoming popular in chemistry, especially in research related to polymers. Supramolecular chemistry is a complex or aggregate that has a novel structure by combining pairs of molecules (atoms) by non-covalent bonds, and can also exhibit functionality that could not be realized with a single molecule. It is. Such research, which is said to have originated from molecular recognition by the guest-host complex, has now been published with various supramolecular structures, and the possibility of new functionalities of organic compounds has been studied. Above all, various novel structures of clathrates have been published. JP-A-3-273003 and JP-A-11-8020
According to No. 7, it has been reported that cyclodextrin and an inclusion compound cause a difference in color development between inclusion and release. According to JP-A-6-25307,
A so-called molecular necklace structure in which a polymer chain is passed through a hole in cyclodextrin has been disclosed. Furthermore, a molecular shuttle structure in which cyclodextrin moves in a polymer chain closed at both ends by covering both ends with a bulky modifying group has also been disclosed. Further, JP-A-7-4845
According to 1, there is disclosed a molecular tube structure in which a plurality of cyclodextrins are linked to each other by linking a plurality of cyclodextrins with a modifying group, and a polymer chain can be included or dissociated in the tube. A unique structure has been announced. Further, such a molecular shuttle structure is not limited to cyclodextrin, and a molecular shuttle structure by cyclophane and a supramolecular structure having a catenane structure have been proposed. A rotaxane comprising, as one of the supramolecular structures, a non-covalently integrated rotor and a shaft, the shaft being end-capped such that the rotor cannot be disengaged from the shaft; The structure has become known.

[0003]

The conventional displays have the following problems. That is, since the liquid crystal display element basically uses a polarizing plate, the light use efficiency is 50%.
%, And when a color display is considered, the use efficiency is further reduced to 1/3 since an RGB color filter is generally used. When the final substrate transmittance is considered, the light use efficiency is reduced to 10% or less. Will drop. In order to ensure brightness, it is necessary to use a backlight or front light. I will raise it. A liquid crystal display using the above-mentioned backlight system is a transmissive liquid crystal display, which is a kind of light-emitting display. However, in the daytime, the display is poor in visibility due to the brightness of sunlight.

[0004] On the other hand, the reflection type display is a method of displaying by reflection of external light such as sunlight, and can realize a certain degree of brightness and visibility under a bright light source. In this case, since no auxiliary light source light is used, the power consumption can be extremely reduced. However, as described above, the transmittance of the element is low in principle, and there are difficulties in terms of brightness and color reproducibility as compared with, for example, display of printed matter. Also, because it is not self-luminous, you must turn on the front light at night,
The light efficiency of the display itself is poor, and the power consumption of the front light must be increased to make it brighter. In order to solve these problems, transflective liquid crystal displays as disclosed in JP-A-10-282489 and JP-A-11-316382 have been proposed. A display that can be used in both light and dark places has been put into practical use,
While it complements the weak points of transmissive and reflective displays, it also has a structure that suppresses the strengths of each, achieving visibility of reflective displays in bright places and transmissive displays in dark places. Not done.

Further, since the organic EL display is of a self-luminous type, it is dark and hard to see in the daytime due to the brightness of sunlight. In addition, the amount of electric power required to emit light in principle with power consumption is larger than when other organic electronic materials are used, and is larger than that of a liquid crystal element.

[0006] The electrochromic display is a color-developing display, in which the material itself produces a color, and there is no need to use a polarizing plate or an optical filter.
Therefore, a bright display similar to a printed matter can be made. Since it is not a light-emitting type, an auxiliary light is necessary in a dark place, but since the panel itself has a high light use efficiency, an auxiliary light source with a brightness of about 1/6 ideally compared to a liquid crystal display has sufficient brightness. Can be issued. For this reason, power consumption can be reduced. However, the electrochromic display is a display using an oxidation-reduction reaction and basically uses an electrolyte, so that it is very difficult to drive a matrix and has not yet been put to practical use as a display element.

[0007] The present inventors are interested in the prosperity of supramolecular science research, and these novel structures which have not been used at all as device structures, especially as display elements,
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to apply the present invention to a device, particularly a display device or a light control device, and have completed the present invention.

[0008] The inventors of the present invention, based on their research and development experience, can be used both outdoors and indoors, and are used in an environment where the lighting environment changes rapidly.
As displays used for information terminal devices such as notebook computers, various video devices, game devices, portable VTRs, digital cameras, etc. (1) Bright display with high light use efficiency + auxiliary light source (2) Depending on the scene to be used We set the goal to be a new display that can solve the problems of conventional displays by having the features of a multi-scene display that can switch between a light emitting element and a reflective element.

As a result of intensive studies based on such a goal, the present inventors have applied a supramolecular structure to a device element to form a display element or a dimming element based on a novel principle. Found that this goal could be achieved.
Further, they have found that a display element or a dimming element capable of low power consumption, a high-speed response speed corresponding to moving images, and a long life can be provided as compared with conventional display elements.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problem First Embodiment A display element or a dimming element according to a first embodiment of the present invention comprises a supramolecular structure comprising a cyclic compound and a chain compound included in the cyclic compound. An element sandwiched between at least one support substrate and a sealing material. In this display element, as one state of the supramolecular structure, the above-mentioned chain compound has a rotaxane structure that can penetrate the ring compound, and the ring compound can move on the chain compound. Is controlled to cause a change in the interaction of the supramolecular substance, thereby changing the optical characteristics.

According to the above structure, an element structure in which the supramolecular structure is sandwiched between one supporting substrate and the sealing material at the periphery is provided. This element can be partitioned into pixels as needed, giving each pixel the necessary external stimulus, causing an optical change in the supramolecular structure, and displaying or dimming any image or information. it can.

In the present invention, the supramolecular structure is an clathrate compound, and comprises a cyclic compound and a chain compound. A cyclic compound is a compound in which molecules or molecular groups are bonded in a ring. Any compound that has an annular shape and interacts with a chain compound may be used. For example, a helical structure of a chain compound such as cyclodextrin, cyclophane, calix-based compound, crown ether, DNA and the like can be mentioned. The chain compound may be any compound that can be included in the ring of the above-mentioned cyclic compound, and its shape and compound are not limited.

In the present invention, the supramolecular structure takes, for example, a form as shown in FIG. FIG. 1A shows a state in which a chain compound is included in a cyclic compound and a state in which the chain compound is dissociated. These two states can be reversibly changed by an external stimulus. Here, the cyclic compound and the chain compound are not bound by a covalent bond, but form an inclusion complex by an interaction through a non-covalent bond. Although one cyclic compound is included in FIG. 1A, a plurality of cyclic compounds may be included as shown in FIG. 1A ′.
The cyclic compound and the chain compound undergo inclusion-dissociation. This behavior is defined as "the cyclic compound has dissociated from the chain compound as a result of moving on the chain compound".

FIG. 1 (b) shows a structure in which a chain compound and a cyclic compound are integrated by a modifying group in the form of the supramolecular structure of FIG. 1 (a). In this form, even if they are integrated, they show the reversible behavior of inclusion-dissociation as in FIG. In the case where the clathrate is integrated, the clathrate-dissociation behavior is performed within one molecule, so that an efficient behavior is exhibited. Further, a plurality of cyclic compounds may be included in the chain compound as shown in FIG.

FIG. 1 (c) shows a supramolecular structure in which a plurality of chain compounds are present and the compound included by an external stimulus changes. Although two kinds of chain compounds are shown here, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a plurality of clathrate compounds can be formed by changing the degree and form of external stimulus in a plurality of states by the presence of a plurality of chain compounds. .

FIG. 1 (d) shows a supramolecular structure in which the chain compound is sufficiently long and the cyclic compound is on the chain compound, and moves on the chain compound by an external stimulus. FIG.
As shown in (d) ′, the chain compound may be a mixture of the substrate molecular chain 1, different molecular chains, compositions 4, 5 and the like. Of course, in the case of a mixture, there is no limitation on the type of composition or the number thereof. In the case of such a complex chain of several composition units, it can be stopped at a specific site by an external stimulus. It can also be immobilized at different sites by further stimulation. That is, by forming molecular chains having several different compositions, a cyclic compound can be arranged at an arbitrary site in response to an external stimulus. Here, one or more cyclic compounds may be included in the chain compound.

The complex compound having the above structure is also included in the supramolecular structure. In the present invention, a structure in which a cyclic compound can move on a chain compound and can be dissociated in a broad sense is defined as a rotaxane structure. Its behavior can be controlled by external stimuli. These supramolecular structures are used not only as single structures, but also when present in some kind of medium (such as a solvent), when present in a cross-linked structure of a polymer (such as a gel), When it exists in a chain or as a side chain, it may be a support binder resin mixture, and can be used as a material system in which molecular movement by stimulation is appropriately performed. Of course, a system other than the above is also possible, and the form is not limited.

Such a supramolecular structure material system is in the form of an element sandwiched between a supporting substrate and a sealing material as shown in FIG. When the supramolecular material system has a form of a polymer film or a solid film, as shown in FIG.
The element can be sealed with a sealing material 8 so that the element does not come into direct contact with the outside air to form an element. In the case where it is not solid (it may be solid), it may be configured to be sandwiched between two substrates 6 and 9 and sealed around with a sealing material 10 as shown in FIG. Also, as shown in FIG.
And the system 7 containing the supramolecular structure may be encapsulated. As described above, one or more elements can be formed using the substrate and the sealing material. The support substrate may be any material that can support the system 7 including the supramolecular structure, such as a flexible plastic film or a rigid glass material.

In addition, a pixel is formed in an appropriate size in the element, an external stimulus is applied to each pixel, and an optical characteristic is changed to be a display element. Since the above-mentioned supramolecular structure is a switching element at the molecular level, the size of a pixel can be divided by a required size such as several nanometers to several millimeters and centimeters.

In addition, not only a support substrate, a system 7 containing a supramolecular structure and a sealing material but also other functional films can be inserted into the device. For example, a film may be inserted if necessary to supplement or supplement the function of the supramolecular structure, an insulating film for realizing electrical insulation, an orientation control film for controlling the arrangement of molecules, an electron or Examples include, but are not limited to, a carrier transport layer that enhances the hole transport efficiency.

The external stimulus includes electric field application, light (radiation) irradiation, temperature change (overheating, cooling) and the like. These can be arbitrarily displayed by applying an arbitrary stimulus to each display pixel. These external stimuli may be used alone or in combination. In addition, the stimulus may be given to an arbitrary pixel not only by these external stimuli but also by external stimuli other than those mentioned here.

The interaction change of the supramolecular structure includes the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon between the cyclic compound and the chain compound, the change in the arrangement of the cyclic compound on the chain compound, the change in the interaction state, and the change in the arrangement. Change in molecular shape due to The following are examples of optical property changes caused by such interaction changes.

One is a system generated by a change in orientation, refractive index, and molecular arrangement of a supramolecular structure due to a change in interaction.
Chromaticity change, scattering-transmission state change, appearance of anisotropy of optical characteristics, and interference color development phenomenon. Next, changes in intermolecular bonds due to interaction changes, changes in hydrogen bonds, oxidation-reduction reactions, intramolecular ring opening / ring closing reactions, cis-trans transition, intramolecular / intermolecular hydrogen transfer, dimerization, ion dissociation / adsorption (doping) ), Dissociation and adsorption (doping) of radicals, oxygen addition, color development and light emission caused by carrier movement in and between molecules, and the like. The interaction and optical change described here are examples, and the types are not limited.

These interactions are caused by the molecular characteristics of the cyclic compound and the chain compound. The cyclic compound has a different interaction due to a difference in the size of the inner hole (hole), a difference in the properties of the inner and outer pores, a difference in the properties of the left and right molecules, etc. due to its shape. As an example, cyclodextrin is a compound having a ring structure in which D-glucose units are connected by 6,7,8 or more 1,4α bonds. In cyclodextrin, the number of glucose units determines the size of the inner pore. Six of them are α-cyclodextrin (4.5 in inner diameter)
Å), 7 of which are β-cyclodextrins (6.
0 °), eight of which are γ-cyclodextrins (8.0 ° inner diameter). In addition, the inner hole is a hydrophobic group, while the outer hole (outer portion) is characterized by a hydrophilic group. One side of the molecule has a secondary hydroxyl group, and the other side has a primary hydroxyl group. From these characteristics, a compound that is a hydrophobic molecule and matches the size of the inner hole can be included in the inner hole.

Here, the description has been made with reference to the example of cyclodextrin. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any compound may be used as long as it has a inclusion structure by taking a cyclic structure. For example, a cyclophane compound, a crown ether compound, a calix compound, DNA and the like can be considered, and other compounds may be used.

The above-mentioned cyclic compound may have a derivative. Mainly inclusion interaction in the annular part,
By using a cyclic compound derivative in which functionality is added to the derivative portion, it is possible to easily exert functionality by external stimulus.

On the other hand, the chain compound is basically designed from a substrate which is included in the above-mentioned cyclic compound. When a composition having different inclusion conditions is introduced into such a substrate and the inclusion conditions are changed by an external stimulus, the movement of the cyclic compound starts. Alternatively, by changing the state of a system containing a chain compound and a cyclic compound, the movement of the cyclic compound is induced so as to obtain an optimal inclusion state.

As described above, the movement of the cyclic compound on the chain compound is caused by the external stimulus, which leads to a change in the interaction. That is, in general, the process from application of an external stimulus to optical change includes (1) application of an external stimulus,
(2) Supramolecular structure and state change of a system containing the same,
(3) Driving / moving inside or of molecule, (4) Inclusion /
A change in the inclusion state, (5) an optical change. Of course, depending on the system, this process may not necessarily follow this process, but as a result, an external stimulus → optical change may occur, and the process is not limited.

Since the optical change caused by such a principle occurs in a single molecule itself, a bright display element can be obtained without using a polarizing plate as in a liquid crystal display element. In addition, there is basically no problem such as a viewing angle. In addition, the device can be constructed without the need for an electrolyte such as electrochromic, which is the same color developing device.

Switching modes of the optical change include white-black switching, transparent-color switching, transparent-white switching, color hue change, and light emission. As a form of a display element using these, a black-and-white display element using white-black switching, a color display element by parallel additive color mixing combined with a color filter, a color element using transparent-color switching, and a back side Uses a stacked subtractive color mixing device by CMY color development using a white plate, a black-and-white display device with transparent-white switching and a back absorption plate, a color display device with a combination of color filters, a color display device with a change in color hue, and light emission. Color display elements. The form of the display element is not limited to these.

With the above configuration, a new display based on a new principle can be provided. Second Embodiment In the second embodiment of the present invention, the supramolecular structure is a rotaxane structure in which the chain compound can penetrate the cyclic compound, and the cyclic compound is a chain compound at at least one end of the chain compound. It is a supramolecular structure into which a substituent that cannot be removed from a compound is introduced.

According to the above configuration, the supramolecular structure may have a structure in which a substituent serving as a stopper for a cyclic compound is introduced at least at one end in the structure of the above-described supramolecular structure shown in FIG. For example, when the cyclic compound is cyclodextrin, 2-naphtholamine 6,8-
Monopotassium disulfonate, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, dansyl group, trityl group and the like can be used. As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the stopper 12 is introduced at both ends, and as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the chain compound is a side chain of a polymer chain and one side is the stopper 12. You may. Further, as shown in (c), the chain compound is different from the substrate molecular chain 1 in both the molecular chains, compositions 4, 5
And the like. Of course, in the case of a mixture, the number is not limited. Furthermore, although three types of supramolecular structures have been described here, other types of structures may be used, and the types of the structures are not limited.

The cyclic compound included in the chain compound is 1
One or more may be used. When the end is stopped by the stopper in this way, the cyclic compound reciprocates between the divided chain compounds. In a chain compound having a plurality of compositions as shown in (c), a cyclic compound can be stopped and arranged at a specific composition portion by an external stimulus, and its movement can be controlled by the external stimulus. In this case, a derivative may be introduced into the chain compound 1 and the cyclic compound 2.

By using such a supramolecular structure as an element structure as described above, an optical stimulus can be changed by applying an external stimulus such as an electric field, light (radiation), or thermal change, and a display element can be obtained.

As the interaction change of the supramolecular structure, a change in the arrangement of the cyclic compound on the chain compound, a change in the interaction state due to the change, and a change in the molecular shape due to the change in the arrangement can be considered. It is also conceivable that there is an interaction between the terminal group introduced as a stopper and the cyclic compound.

The changes in the optical characteristics caused by such an interaction change include the following. One is a change in dichroism, a change in scattering-transmission state, and an anisotropy in optical characteristics of a system caused by a change in orientation, refractive index, and molecular arrangement of a supramolecular structure due to a change in interaction. Furthermore, changes in interactions, changes in intermolecular bonds between molecules, hydrogen bond changes, oxidation-reduction reactions, intramolecular ring opening / ring closing reactions, cis-trans transitions, cis-trans transitions, intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen transfer caused by interaction , Dimerization, ion dissociation and adsorption (doping),
Examples include color development and light emission caused by dissociation and adsorption (doping) of radicals, addition of oxygen, carrier movement in and between molecules, and the like. The interaction and optical change described here are examples, and the types are not limited.

The supramolecular structure can be used as a display element or a light control element by adopting the device structure as in the first embodiment of the present invention using the above optical change.
In the second aspect of the present invention, in the supramolecular structure, the cyclic compound always shuttles on the same chain compound. The supramolecular structure in the first aspect of the present invention described above basically also behaves within the same supramolecular structure, but basically has the same supramolecular structure because no stopper is disposed at the end. Regarding the behavior in the body, it is conceivable that the cyclic compound is dissociated from the chain compound by the external stimulus when the cyclic compound is externally stimulated. Once dissociated, it may not return to the chain compound again.

This phenomenon is caused by the dissociation of the once-dissociated cyclic compound or chain compound with other compounds or impurities contained in the system, or the binding or interaction between the chain compound or cyclic compound. It is considered to be due to Such a phenomenon leads to erosion of the supramolecular structure and erosion of other members, and significantly shortens the life of the device. Also, when the dissociated one once again comes into inclusion, the response speed may be very slow. Also, when re-encapsulating, the cyclic compound included in the same chain compound may be non-uniform, and the reproducibility of the device may not be maintained.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the supramolecular structure has the same structure in which the same cyclic compound is shuttle-moved on the same chain compound by the same number because the stopper is provided on the chain compound. The device can overcome the above problems.

With the above configuration, it is possible to provide a novel display element or dimming element excellent in reproducibility of characteristics, life, and response speed. Third Aspect In the third aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is such that the interaction change in the first aspect of the present invention is as follows.
The cyclic compound and the chain compound are in an inclusion state and a dissociation state.

According to the structure of the above embodiment, the supramolecular structure induces the inclusion and dissociation phenomena of the chain compound and the cyclic compound by the external stimulus, and the resulting change in the optical characteristics is used for the display element.

The inclusion-dissociation phenomenon caused by an external stimulus can occur as follows, for example. In FIG. 4, the cyclic compound 1 which does not form an inclusion interaction with the cyclic compound 2 in the initial state is subjected to an external stimulus, so that a change occurs in the molecule and the inclusion condition of the cyclic compound is satisfied. Create contact. The dissociation state is created again by giving the opposite stimulus and removing it from the inclusion conditions. Thus, inclusion-dissociation can be caused by changing the chain compound by an external stimulus. Here, the cyclic compound may cause the change by the external stimulus. Here, the chain compound and the cyclic compound are shown as separate compounds, but a compound in which the chain compound is formed as a derivative of the cyclic compound may be used.

Next, in FIG. 5, the linear compound 1 is changed by an external stimulus, and the already included linear compound 13 is changed.
And is included in the cyclic compound. When a plurality of chain compounds are present, the larger one of the inclusion interaction with the cyclic compound is included, so that the external compound can cause a change in the chain compound 1 or the exchanged chain compound 13, resulting in an arbitrary change. The compound can be included. Here, the chain compound has been described as an independent compound, but at least one chain compound may be introduced as a derivative of a cyclic compound.

As shown in FIG. 6, inclusion-dissociation can also be performed by changing the system containing the supramolecular structure. In the initial state, a system containing a supramolecular structure (for example, in a binder resin) was more stable than a system containing a supramolecular structure by inclusion of a cyclic compound by applying an external stimulus When the state of the system (for example, binder resin) changes, and the inclusion in the cyclic compound becomes more stable, the inclusion in the cyclic compound becomes possible. Conversely, if a system containing a supramolecular structure outside the cyclic compound (for example, a binder resin) is more stable for the chain compound by an external stimulus, it is dissociated from the clathrate compound. Here, the chain compound and the cyclic compound are shown as separate compounds, but a compound in which the chain compound is formed as a derivative of the cyclic compound may be used.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 7, when at least two or more chain compounds are present by changing the state of the system by an external stimulus, the inclusion in the cyclic compound is more stable. In addition, a chain compound that is included in a system that is more stable can be replaced. Here, the chain compound has been described as an independent compound, but at least one chain compound may be introduced as a derivative of a cyclic compound.

As described above, a chain compound can be included in or dissociated from a cyclic compound by an external stimulus. Here, four examples are described.
The principle of dissociation is not limited to this.

When a cyclic compound or a chain compound can interact with external stimuli, particularly an electric field, that is, cause an electrostatic action or charge transport, the compound moves on the chain compound regardless of the interaction of the chain compound. It is also possible to make it. That is, the cyclic compound can be directly driven by an external stimulus as a driving force to shake off the interaction on the chain compound, and an arbitrary interaction can be caused.

Next, what kind of optical change occurs when such inclusion-dissociation is caused by an external stimulus will be described. In FIG. 8, the supramolecular structure system composed of a chain compound, a cyclic compound and a medium (binder resin) is included.
This shows how refractive index modulation is caused by dissociation. In the state shown in FIG. 8A, a system in which a chain compound, a cyclic compound, and a medium (binder resin) are present, and the refractive index is determined by the entire system. Apply external stimulus here,
By forming the inclusion state, the state of the system becomes as shown in FIG. In this case, since the chain compound is included in the cyclic compound, a change occurs in the components of the system, and a change can be given to the refractive index. Here, only one set of inclusion-dissociation supramolecules is shown in the system, but by including some inclusion-dissociation supramolecules in the system, the components during inclusion and dissociation are The change is large, and it is possible to cause a larger refractive index change. If the refraction change can be sufficiently obtained, examples of a display element using a difference in the refractive index between the inclusion part and the other part, such as a scattering-transmission type modulation display element and a light guide plate type display element, can be considered.

FIG. 9 shows a change in the anisotropy of the system. Although the system shown here is a system composed of only a chain compound and a cyclic compound, a system mixed with an auxiliary compound may be used. Further, the chain compound has anisotropy in the refractive index. In the system of FIG. 9A, a certain degree of uniaxial orientation state is given to the chain compound in the initial state (a) to have optical anisotropy. Here, when the inclusion state is created by an external stimulus (b), this alignment state is broken and the optical anisotropy of the system becomes weak. Depending on the system, the anisotropy may disappear. In the system of FIG. 9 (2), in the initial state (c), a certain degree of uniaxial alignment state is given to the chain compound to give optical anisotropy, and either the cyclic compound or the chain compound is formed in the device. It is fixed (here, an example in which a cyclic compound is fixed) is shown. By doing so, in the state (d) in which the inclusion state is formed, the orientation of the chain compound included in the cyclic compound changes greatly, and the direction of the optical anisotropy changes greatly. If a chain compound having a longer molecular length than a cyclic compound is used, this difference in optical anisotropy can be remarkable. As described above, the optical anisotropy can be changed by the change in the inclusion-dissociation interaction. In order to improve the effect of the optical change, it is preferable that the difference in the refractive index between the chain compound and the cyclic compound is as small as possible. Here are two examples,
However, the present invention is not limited to this, and anisotropy may be provided by other methods. If the change in optical anisotropy can be used as described above, a light modulation display element can be produced in combination with an optical filter and a polarizing plate. In this system, the arrangement of molecules and the direction of anisotropy can be freely adjusted, so that an efficient display element can be created without using two or more optical films as in a liquid crystal display element. be able to.

Next, FIG. 10 shows the change in the orientation of the system, particularly the appearance of the scattering state due to the change in the orientation. The example (1) shown here is a supramolecular structure system composed of a cyclic compound and a chain compound. Here, the chain compound has anisotropy in the refractive index. Further, a difference in refractive index is provided between the chain compound and the cyclic compound. In the initial state (a), it is composed of a cyclic compound having a certain degree of orientation and fixed in the device and a chain compound having no orientation. In this state, the chain compound is in a scattering state due to the disorder and the difference in the refractive index, and a white display is obtained. When an external stimulus is applied to this system to allow the chain compound to be included in the cyclic compound,
As shown in (b), since the cyclic compound has orientation,
The included supramolecular body becomes one system with orientation,
Becomes transparent. When a plurality of kinds of chain compounds to be included are mixed, the white state in the initial state is improved.

The system (2) comprises a flexible chain compound 15
And a cyclic compound 2. In the initial state (c), it is composed of a cyclic compound fixed in the device with a certain degree of orientation and a chain compound that is randomly bent, and in this state, it becomes a scattering state due to the disorder and the refractive index difference of the chain compound and becomes white. Display. When an external stimulus is applied to this system to allow the chain compound to be included in the cyclic compound, as shown in (b), since the cyclic compound has the orientation, the encapsulated supramolecular substance has one orientation. In addition, the molecular chain of the flexible chain compound is elongated and the refractive index becomes anisotropic, so that it becomes transparent. Although two examples are shown here, the present invention is not limited to this, and the scattering state may be developed by other methods.

By controlling the scattering-transmission state in this manner, a scattering-type display element can be manufactured.
Since a change in the refractive index can be expected here, a display element using the above-described change in the refractive index can be produced.

As shown in FIG. 11, when the chain compound is a chiral compound or when a chiral compound is mixed in a supramolecular structure system, the system forms a layer structure having a helical pitch. There is. In this case, if this layer interval is in the wavelength region of visible light, interference coloring occurs (FIG. 11).
(A)). In this state, if the inclusion state is controlled by an external stimulus, the molecular structure of each layer is changed, so that the layer interval changes and the color tone of the structural color can be changed (FIG. 11B). Furthermore, the layer structure can be eliminated by forming an inclusion body, and the state can be changed to a scattering state (FIG. 11C).

By controlling the scattering-transmission state in this manner, a scattering-type display element can be manufactured.
Next, the phenomenon of color formation and light emission due to the interaction between compounds will be described with reference to FIG. In a system consisting of a chain compound and a cyclic compound, the dissociation state (FIG. 12)
(A)) and an inclusion state (FIG. 12 (b)) is formed, but in a dissociated state, each compound is a single compound having no interaction. The composition group and the composition group of the cyclic compound are interacting. Further, when a color developing compound 16 that interacts with a chain compound is mixed in the supramolecular structure system, a state in which the chain compound interacts with the cyclic compound by inclusion and dissociation ( FIG. 12 (b) shows a state in which an interaction occurs with the color developing compound 16 (FIG. 12).
(C)).

As described above, when molecules are interacting with each other, a change in intermolecular bond between molecules, a change in hydrogen bond, a redox reaction, an intramolecular ring opening / closing reaction, a cis-trans transition, Intermolecular hydrogen transfer, dimerization, ion dissociation / adsorption (doping), radical dissociation / adsorption (doping), oxygen addition, color transfer, hue change, and light emission due to intermolecular carrier transfer, intramolecular carrier transfer, etc. Sometimes. Light emission and color development take various forms depending on the type and strength of interaction, and the color tone of light emission and light emission can be adjusted by designing the molecular structure. Organic compounds have the advantage of easily controlling such color tone changes.
If it is possible to use color development by such an interaction between molecules, the color display device can produce a self-luminous element by using light emission. These devices are basically phenomena developed by the inclusion and dissociation of molecules, and can be colored without the need for an electrolyte such as ECD.
It is also possible to emit light without passing a large amount of current like L.

Another mode of light emission and coloring will be described with reference to FIG. Here, it is expressed in a supramolecular system composed of a chain compound, a cyclic compound, and a binder resin. Among the chain compounds, there are compounds that cause an interaction between the same molecules, and compounds that cause an interaction between the chain compounds when a plurality of chain compounds are mixed in the system. For such a chain compound, the interaction is inhibited by using a binder resin that inhibits the interaction in the dissociated state. When an external stimulus is applied here, the chain compound is separated from the interaction-inhibiting binder by being included, and the chain compound interacts to generate color and emit light by using the inside of the cyclic compound as a kind of reaction field. Will be able to

The inclusion state as a reaction field may be, for example, a case where two cyclic compounds and two chain compounds are included as shown in FIG. Inclusion may be considered, but this is not a limitation.

By the interaction, a change in intermolecular bond between molecules, a change in hydrogen bond, a redox reaction, an intramolecular ring opening / closing reaction, cis-trans transition, intermolecular hydrogen transfer, dimerization, ion dissociation / adsorption ( Doping), radical dissociation / adsorption (doping), oxygen addition, intermolecular carrier transfer,
Coloring and light emission are caused by intramolecular carrier movement and the like. If it is possible to use color development by such an interaction between molecules, the color display device can produce a self-luminous element by using light emission. The form of color development / emission is the same as that described above.

As described above, various optical changes occur due to the inclusion-dissociation interaction, and a display element based on a novel principle can be provided. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the display element or the light control element, the interaction change in the first to third aspects of the present invention is a change in a stop position of a cyclic compound on a chain compound. I do.

According to the above configuration, the cyclic compound in the supramolecular structure moves on the chain compound by the external stimulus, and the change in the optical characteristics accompanying the movement is used for the display element. Fourth Embodiment In the above-described third embodiment of the present invention, two state changes of an inclusion state and a dissociation state due to the interaction between a cyclic compound and a chain compound have been described. In the fourth aspect of the present invention, a composition that causes a plurality of interactions with a cyclic compound is formed on the chain compound in the chain compound, and the position at which the interaction occurs is changed by an external change, and the optical change is caused by the change. It causes change. Therefore, the cyclic compound can move on the chain compound by an external stimulus, but need not be dissociated as in the second embodiment of the present invention.

The position change of the cyclic compound on the chain compound by the external stimulus occurs as follows, for example.
The manner of occurrence and changes of the basic interaction are the same as those in the above-described third embodiment of the present invention.

According to FIG. 14, the chain compound 1 contains a plurality of constituent parts 4 and 5 which have an inclusion interaction with the cyclic compound 2 and cause a change in the degree of the interaction with the external stimulus. The cyclic compound moves to a site that is more likely to interact. According to FIG. 15, the system containing the supramolecular structure undergoes a state change due to an external stimulus, which causes a change in the susceptibility of the interaction between the cyclic compound and the chain compound, and a change in the position of the cyclic compound. Cause As shown in FIG. 16, when a chain compound interacts with a compound outside the supramolecular structure, a change in the interaction can be caused by an external stimulus to cause a change in the position of the cyclic compound. it can. Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the cyclic compound 2 has a derivative group 3 and the stop position of the cyclic compound 2 determined by the interaction between the derivative group 3 and the constituent parts 4 and 5 on the chain compound 1 is changed by an external stimulus. The stop position can be changed by changing the state of the interaction.

As described above, the state of interaction can be changed by the external stimulus, and the stop position of the cyclic compound can be changed. Here, four examples have been described, but the principle and method of changing the stop position are not limited to this, and it is sufficient if the stop position of the cyclic compound is reversibly changed.

Here, the stop position of the cyclic compound is
There must be a composition site on the chain compound that can cause two or more interactions. These may be different or the same. Even at the same composition site, the position may be changed depending on the distance from the cyclic compound, the deriving group, and the like. It is also possible to introduce a composition site that causes a plurality of types of interaction, and to freely change the stop position such as stopping at a certain composition site or passing at a certain site by external stimulus. Of course, there may be a plurality of cyclic compounds incorporated into one chain compound, and it is possible to control those which can be stopped by an external stimulus and those which cannot.

When the cyclic compound can interact with an external stimulus, particularly an electric field, that is, cause an electrostatic action or charge transport, it can be moved on the chain compound regardless of the interaction of the chain compound. It is. The cyclic compound can be driven by an external stimulus directly as a driving force to shake off the interaction on the chain compound in the fourth aspect of the present invention, and any interaction can be caused.

The optical change caused by the change of the stop position of the cyclic compound will be described. As in the third embodiment of the present invention described above, the cyclic compound forms an interaction on the chain compound. Some form interactions with other compounds inside and outside the system. In such a case, if these states change due to the movement of the cyclic compound and the movement of the stop position, changes in intermolecular bonds between molecules, changes in hydrogen bonds, oxidation-reduction reactions, intramolecular ring opening / ring closing reactions, -Transformation, intermolecular hydrogen transfer, dimerization, ion dissociation and adsorption (doping), radical dissociation and adsorption (doping), oxygen addition, intermolecular carrier transfer, intramolecular carrier transfer, etc. It can happen. Light emission and color development take various forms depending on the type and strength of interaction, and the color tone of light emission and light emission can be adjusted by designing the molecular structure.

If it is possible to use color development due to such interaction between molecules, the color display device can produce a self-luminous element by using light emission. These devices are basically phenomena that are manifested by changes in the interaction of molecules, and can be colored without the need for an electrolyte such as ECD, and can emit light without passing a large amount of current as in organic EL. It is also possible to make it.

These optical changes are not caused by the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure as in the above-mentioned third embodiment of the present invention, but by the movement on a single chain compound. Because it happens, the response speed also increases. In addition, since the interaction is basically within a molecule, the dissociated cyclic compound or chain compound may bind to other compounds or impurities contained in the system, or may cause a bond or interaction between the chain compound or cyclic compound. And the reproducibility and stability of the element are good. Furthermore, a plurality of cyclic compounds are included on the chain compound to control movement by an external stimulus, and aggregation and dispersion on the chain compound may cause the above-mentioned interaction, and further, an optical change. it can.

The movement of the cyclic compound on the chain compound can change the properties of the molecule. The molecular characteristics are different between a case where a plurality of cyclic compounds on the chain compound are uniformly arranged on the chain compound and a case where they are aggregated at the terminal or center. For example, when aggregated at the center, the chain compound becomes structurally similar to the liquid crystal compound and has liquid crystal properties. If it can have liquid crystallinity, molecular alignment occurs, and the optical properties change depending on the alignment state. If there is a molecular orientation order such as a nematic arrangement or a smectic arrangement, the light transmittance can be controlled by combination with a polarizing plate. In addition, if a cholesteric arrangement is adopted, interference color development can be caused by the layer spacing of each layer.

In addition, even if a cyclic compound is aggregated at the terminal of a molecule, the molecular arrangement of the supramolecular structure is greatly affected, and the above-mentioned optical change can be caused. Depending on the molecular design, the position of the cyclic compound changes the interaction with other molecules and supramolecular structures,
Interactions in the whole system include changes in intermolecular bonds, changes in hydrogen bonds, redox reactions, intramolecular ring opening / closing reactions, cis-
It is also possible to cause color development and light emission due to trans transfer, hydrogen transfer, dimerization, ion dissociation / adsorption (doping), radical dissociation / adsorption (doping), oxygen addition, carrier transfer, and the like.

The change in the steric configuration and interaction of the cyclic compound due to the change in the position of the cyclic compound on the chain compound, the uniform arrangement of the cyclic compound and the aggregation of the cyclic compound into a specific portion, the above-mentioned chain compound of the cyclic compound Can be changed. Even when a linear chain compound undergoes an interaction change due to an external stimulus and changes to a bent system, an optical change can be derived by a change in the orientation order as described above.

The supramolecular structure can be used as a display element or a dimming element by using the thus obtained optical change to form a device structure as in the above-described first embodiment of the present invention.

A display element based on a novel principle can be provided by using the optical change caused by the change in the position of the cyclic compound having the supramolecular structure as described above. Fifth Aspect In the fifth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned interaction change occurs on a chain compound due to the interaction between the terminal and the cyclic compound. It is characterized by movement.

According to the above structure, the chain compound has at least one terminal group as a stopper, and the cyclic compound moves on the chain compound due to the interaction between the terminal and the cyclic compound, thereby causing a change in optical characteristics. Are used as display elements.

In the third and fourth aspects of the present invention described above, an optical change was caused by the interaction between the specific site on the chain compound and the cyclic compound. Here, an interaction is caused at an end of the chain compound, and the interaction is separated by an external stimulus to make an interaction change, and an optical change caused by the interaction is used as a display element. By the way, the moving speed of the cyclic compound is higher when there is no site on the chain compound that induces the interaction. The interaction described above is such that the interaction with the chain compound for the movement of the cyclic compound moves between sites that may be obstacles in some cases. Then, the response speed to the external stimulus may be reduced. On the other hand, by using only the movement on the chain compound due to the interaction at the terminal portion, a high-speed response in the molecule can be sufficiently exhibited.

Examples of the transfer of the cyclic compound by the terminal portion include the following examples. In FIG. 18, terminal group 1
Derived composition 18 derived from 2 and derivative 3 of a cyclic compound
Are in an inclusion interaction state by non-covalent bonds. This is separated by an external stimulus to change the interaction state.
The detached cyclic compound may move to the terminal group on the opposite side or may stop halfway. If a composition that interacts with the derivative portion of the cyclic compound is formed on the opposite side, it can be fixedly arranged at the opposite end. Once the cyclic compound is detached, it can be returned to its original position by applying an external stimulus again. An interaction is formed between the cyclic compound and the terminal by electrostatic force, intermolecular force, hydrogen bond, transfer of ions, transfer of carriers, and the like. And luminous phenomena can be caused. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 19, a system in which the terminal portion and the composition portion 19 and the cyclic compound themselves have caused an inclusion interaction, and a system that separates the inclusion interaction state by an external stimulus.
As shown in FIG. 20, a system may be considered in which both the cyclic compound itself and the derivative have an inclusion interaction and separate them by an external stimulus. These may be introduced into only one of the terminal portions of the chain compound as shown in FIGS. 18 to 20, or may be introduced into both sides as shown in FIG. When introduced on both sides, the inclusion interaction at both ends may be the same or different. When the chain compound is in a polymer state and forms a number of branched states, it is also possible to freely combine the above-described inclusion interaction system with each terminal group. Furthermore, FIG.
As shown in (2), a composition portion serving as a stop position of a cyclic compound as described in the third embodiment of the present invention may be incorporated into the chain compound. Further, an example in which one cyclic compound is introduced on the chain compound has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. The external stimuli can also cause the cyclic compounds to approach and interact with each other.

When the cyclic compound can interact with an external stimulus, particularly an electric field, that is, cause an electrostatic action or charge transport, it can be moved on the chain compound irrespective of the interaction of the chain compound. It is. The cyclic compound can be driven by an external stimulus directly as a driving force to shake off the interaction on the chain compound in the fourth aspect of the present invention, and any interaction can be caused.

A display element can be formed by a change in optical characteristics between a state in which an interaction is thus formed and a state in which the interaction is separated by an external stimulus. In this system, switching can be performed depending on the presence or absence of the interaction by introducing a composition causing only one interaction to the terminal of the chain compound. Even if a composition causing the same interaction is introduced into both ends, switching can be performed depending on the presence or absence of the interaction if the separated state can be maintained. By introducing a composition that causes a different interaction at both ends, it is possible to perform switching capable of multi-color display and light emission, and multi-function display combining color display and light emission. In addition, if a composition part that serves as a stop position of a cyclic compound is incorporated on a chain compound, it will not only be a stopper that controls the interaction state on both sides, but also a multi-functional combination of the terminal part and the interaction on the chain compound It is possible to create a switching element that can be implemented.

Further, as shown in FIG. 23, a transport group 20 is introduced into the inducing group 3 in the cyclic compound, the inclusion interaction with the cyclic compound or the derivative is cut off by an external stimulus, and a transporter 21 is added to the transport group 20. The interaction change can also be caused by a system that transports the transporter to the opposite end group. Carriers and ionic substances are conceivable as transporters, but are not limited to these. By separating these transporters from the terminal group or by attaching the transporter, a change in the state of the terminal group occurs and an optical change can be developed.

As described above, the optical change caused by the movement of the cyclic compound is, as described above, the electrostatic force, the intermolecular force, the hydrogen bond, the transfer of ions, and the transfer of the carrier in the interaction of the cyclic compound with the terminal portion. Thus, the same color development and light emission phenomenon as in the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention can be considered. Further, as shown in FIG. 24, an optical change occurs due to carrier transport. For example, a carrier expressed by an external stimulus is added to a transport group (FIG. 24 (a),
(B)), a carrier forming a pair is expressed on the opposite side (FIG. 24 (a)), and the cyclic compound is further moved to the terminal group on the opposite side by an external stimulus, so that the carrier and the paired carrier are bound (FIG. 24). (C)). Thereby, light emission or coloring phenomenon can be caused. Similarly, by introducing a compound whose absorption wavelength changes by ion doping due to the movement of an ion pair into the terminal group, it is possible to perform color switching by ion doping and undoping.

As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, color formation can be caused by formation of a pseudo-chromophore. A compound that exhibits color development may have a chromophore serving as a substrate. For example, as shown in FIG. 26, an H-type chromophore that forms a dye such as indico is an example thereof. This H-type chromophore is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), it is formed in such a manner that it is divided into a derivative group for the cyclic compound and a compound derivative group at the terminal, and FIG.
When the cyclic compound is disposed at the terminal group by the movement of the cyclic compound as described above, the divided chromophore forms a pseudo chromophore and causes a color development phenomenon. This is not limited to this type of chromophore, but may be any suitable chromophore.

As described above, various optical changes can be caused by the transfer of the cyclic compound from the terminal group. In this system, the terminal portion of the chain compound functions as a stopper, so that the cyclic compound does not jump out of the chain compound. Therefore, an element with good reproducibility can be obtained. In addition, since the cyclic compound is mainly used for moving the cyclic compound, the switching speed is high and the moving image can be displayed. In addition, device switching is performed by a single supramolecular structure including carrier movement, so it is uniform and highly reliable without interacting with other molecules or causing excessive or uneven reaction. It can be an element.

As described above, the interaction between the terminal and the cyclic compound causes the cyclic compound to move on the chain compound, and the resulting change in the optical characteristics is used to provide a display element based on a novel principle, a high response speed, and high reliability. It is possible to provide a display element having a property. Sixth Aspect In a sixth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is the same as the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, wherein the support substrate is provided with an electrode, and the supramolecular structure is formed by electrical stimulation. It is characterized by controlling body interactions.

According to the above configuration, the optical change of the supramolecular structure is controlled by the electric signal to form a display element. By dividing the display area by the electrodes, an electric field can be applied to an arbitrary pixel to perform an arbitrary display. Further, display rewriting and moving image display can be arbitrarily performed by applying an electric field.

When the cyclic compound has an electrostatic property or the like, it can be moved on the chain compound by the polarity of the electric field regardless of the interaction with the chain compound. Even in a system having an interaction between a cyclic compound and a chain compound as described in the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention, the system can be moved on the chain compound only by an electric field regardless of the interaction. Is also possible. In this case, the driving conditions of the cyclic compound due to the electric field intensity and the interaction between the cyclic compound and the chain compound are compared to change the moving conditions of the cyclic compound. Is also possible.

It is also possible to freshen up static electricity, electric charge, etc. generated by the interaction between the cyclic compound and the chain compound. As described above, it is possible to provide a display element that can be rewritten by controlling with an electric signal and that can display a moving image, and a display element that serves as a driving force for moving a cyclic compound. Seventh Aspect In a seventh aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is characterized in that the electric stimulus is applied from above and below the support substrate in the configuration of the sixth aspect of the present invention.

According to the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 27, electrodes are provided above and below the supramolecular structure, and display is performed by applying an electric field. By forming the electrodes in the vertical direction, an electric field can be uniformly applied to the pixels divided in the display area. In the switching of the supramolecular structure, exchange of compounds and carriers is often performed, and it is very important to perform the exchange in the same pixel for the uniformity of the element. For this purpose, it is preferable to apply an electric field from a direction perpendicular to the pixel, that is, from above and below the supramolecule. As the electric field driving from above and below, electric field applying methods such as passive electric field driving in which electrodes cut on stripes are vertically overlapped vertically and active driving in which an active element is provided on at least one substrate can be considered,
The method is not limited to these, and any method that can apply an electric field from above and below may be used.

As described above, by applying an electric field to the supramolecular substance from above and below, it is possible to provide a display element that can be rewritten and that can display moving images. Eighth Aspect In an eighth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element provides the electrical stimulus to the support substrate from the same plane in the configuration of the sixth aspect of the present invention. And

According to the above configuration, as shown in FIG.
A display element is formed by an in-plane type electric field application method in which electrodes are applied from the same plane. When forming a device using a supramolecular structure, a method of forming an element by laminating members such as an electrode and a supramolecular material on one substrate, forming electrodes on two substrates, laminating the members, and then forming both devices Can be considered. When electrodes are provided on the upper and lower sides by a method of laminating on one substrate, a step of forming an electrode pattern on a supramolecular structure or an organic material is included. The process of the electrode material on the organic material includes a process of eroding the organic material such as ultraviolet irradiation, treatment with an alkali or an acid, and may adversely affect the material characteristics of the supramolecular structure and the organic material.

On the other hand, in the method of superposing two substrates,
Since two substrates are required, the thickness of the element is doubled, and the interfacial adhesion of the bonding surface at the bonding surface is weaker than that of the laminated layer, which may lower the functionality of the element. In order to solve these problems, an electrode is formed on a substrate so that a lateral electric field can be applied, and an organic resin is sequentially laminated thereon to form an element. It is not necessary to manufacture an element that does not impair the adhesion of the bonding interface of each member. FIG. 29 shows the shape of the planar electrode.
29, they are formed on the same substrate (FIG. 29).
(A)), formation via a protective layer (FIG. 29 (b)), formation of an opposing electrode, and formation of an electrode in a planar shape through a through hole in the protective layer (FIG. 29 (c)). However, the present invention is not limited to this. Any structure may be used as long as electrodes are formed only on one of the upper and lower sides of the supramolecular structure. Also in the formation of electrodes on a plane, it is possible to form an electrode according to the performance of the device, such as a passive matrix electrode or an active matrix using active devices.

As described above, by forming electrodes on a plane, an element can be formed without adversely affecting an organic material, and a display element that can be rewritten and that can display a moving image can be provided. Ninth Aspect In a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the display element or the dimming element according to the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, the supramolecular structure is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the substrate or It is characterized by being oriented parallel or almost parallel.

According to the above structure, the supramolecular structure has an orientation. In order for a functional material to function as a device, it is necessary that the molecules do not negate the functionality. It is particularly important what direction the external stimulus is applied to. If the orientation of the molecules differs from the direction of the external stimulus and the orientation direction of each molecule is different, the functionality does not appear for the external stimulus or the functionality is reversed by the functionality in the opposite direction. Functionality cannot be effectively exhibited in a unit area to which an external stimulus has been given, such as disappearance. Therefore, the supramolecular structure needs to have a certain orientation and a certain direction. In particular, since the external stimulus is given in a direction perpendicular or lateral to the supramolecular structure, it is necessary to orient in this direction in order to exert its function effectively.

As for the orientation of the supramolecular structure, a nematic phase arrangement and a smectic phase arrangement as seen in liquid crystal molecules can be considered. An arrangement such as a smectic layer may be more desirable in order to be immune to neighboring molecules.

In order to provide the orientation, a system containing the supramolecular structure is mixed with molecules having the orientation, the supramolecular structure is polymerized, or a composition having the orientation is introduced. The supramolecular structure itself may have an orientation function. Further, the supramolecular structure may be arranged on the orientation control layer. Further, a certain molecular arrangement can be performed by a function such as the inclusion phenomenon of the supramolecule itself.

As described above, if the orientation and the arrangement of molecules are ordered, the function of the supramolecular structure can be sufficiently exerted against an external stimulus, and it can function as a display element.
Thus, the functionality can be effectively developed by orienting the supramolecular structure. Tenth aspect In the tenth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is the same as that of the first to ninth aspects of the present invention, except that the supramolecular structure interacts within a single molecule. It is characterized by completing the action change and the optical change.

According to the above configuration, the interaction of the supramolecular structure is completed within a single molecule. Supramolecular structures change their interaction due to external stimuli and induce optical changes, but when supramolecular structures are close together, not only interactions within the same molecule, but also Interaction may occur. In the interaction within one molecule, the interaction within the molecule is completed, but when the interaction between other molecules is performed, the interaction such as the place where the interaction occurs, the place where it does not occur, and the place where the interaction occurs excessively occurs in the system. Become uniform. For this reason, the optical change caused by a single molecule is not expressed or the effect is reduced.

Further, it is necessary for the element that the optical change is reversibly expressed by an external stimulus, but the interaction between the supramolecular structures as described above is not necessarily an interaction that does not have reversibility. It is also conceivable to form
Control by external stimuli becomes impossible. It is also conceivable that the non-uniform interaction becomes an irreversible residual compound, erodes system impurities and other resin films, and leads to destruction of the element.

To solve such a problem, it is necessary to complete the interaction within a single molecule. For this purpose, the molecules may be arranged so as to keep the distance between the molecules. If a molecule is placed outside the range in which the interaction within the molecule of the supramolecular structure is stronger than the interaction between the molecules, the interaction is completed within a single molecule. Further, if the molecule is fixed at this position, the completeness of the intramolecular interaction is further improved.

As described above, as a method of defining the arrangement between molecules, a method of using a film for controlling the arrangement or a method of defining the arrangement by a polymer chain can be considered. May be mixed, a supramolecular structure may be polymerized, a composition having an orientation may be introduced, or the supramolecular structure itself may have an orientation function. Further, the supramolecular structure may be arranged on the orientation control layer. Further, a certain molecular arrangement can be performed by a function such as the inclusion phenomenon of the supramolecule itself.

As described above, by defining the molecular arrangement within a range in which the interaction is completed within a single molecule, it is possible to provide a device having excellent reliability and function. Eleventh aspect In the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is the same as that of the first to tenth aspects of the present invention, wherein the element has a support substrate or an electrode provided on the support substrate and a supramolecular structure. It is characterized by including at least one or more intermediate layers between the bodies.

According to the above configuration, the functional films are formed in the device, especially above and below the supramolecular structure. These functional membranes
Those with a function to improve the effect of external stimuli, those with the effect of controlling the orientation order, carriers,
Ion implantation and the like. By forming these films on at least one side of the supramolecular structure, the interaction of the supramolecular structure described in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the orientation of the molecules, and the arrangement that prevents the intermolecular interaction is performed. It can be performed efficiently. In addition, the function of the supramolecular structure can be improved.

Such a functional film is not limited to a single layer, but may be laminated as many as necessary, a different functional film may be formed within the minimum unit of external stimulus, or a functional film may be formed above and below the supramolecular structure. Different functional films may be formed with different configurations.

As described above, by using the functional film, it is possible to efficiently perform an optical change, and to provide a display element excellent in reproducibility and uniformity. Twelfth aspect In a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the display element or the dimming element, the intermediate layer is provided between the electrode and the supramolecular structure in the configuration of the eleventh aspect of the present invention, It is characterized in that it functions as an interface between a support substrate provided with electrodes and a supramolecular structure.

According to the above configuration, a functional film is formed between the electrode and the supramolecular structure, and the effect of applying an electric field is effectively transmitted to the supramolecular structure. As described above, it is necessary to orient the supramolecular structure with a certain order in order to efficiently express the interaction of the supramolecular structure with an external stimulus and thus the change in optical properties. In addition to it,
When the external stimulus is an electric stimulus, that is, an electric field is applied, it is necessary to effectively transmit the effect of the electric field to the supramolecular structure. In particular, in the case of an interaction system involving the injection and release of electric charges, it is necessary to directly join the supramolecular structure to the electrode.
Of course, if the polarity of the charge and the direction of charge transfer of the supramolecular structure do not match, the function cannot be exhibited.

Therefore, the effect of the electric field can be enhanced by forming an interface material between the electrode and the supramolecular structure. In this case, this functional film has a surface interaction with both the electrode and the supramolecular structure, binds each other, and can control the orientation of the supramolecular structure. Furthermore, if the functional film can have charge transport ability, it can function as an interface between the electrode and the supramolecular structure.

As described above, by forming the interface function film between the electrode and the supramolecular structure, the effect of applying an electric field can be enhanced and the function of the supramolecular structure can be efficiently exhibited. Thirteenth Aspect In the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is the same as the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, wherein the supramolecular structure or the system containing the supramolecular structure is a solid. It is characterized by being.

According to the above configuration, the element is of an all solid type. When the supramolecular structure has a liquid or fluidity, there is a possibility of causing adverse effects such as liquid leakage and erosion of the substrate member by the liquid. In addition, the liquid supramolecular structure has an element structure sealed between the upper and lower substrates, but if sufficient degassing is not performed, air bubbles are generated in the element due to a change in temperature or a change in atmospheric pressure. Further, when degassing, the components of the supramolecular structure may evaporate and the composition of the components may change.

On the other hand, by using a solid element,
Such a problem can be avoided. In addition, if it is solid, a lamination process can be performed, and an element can be formed on a single substrate. The method of solidifying the device includes a method of designing a molecule such that the supramolecular structure itself can be formed into a film, a method of forming a film by polymerizing, a method of forming a gel by inclusion-crosslinking the supramolecular structure, A method of solidifying and a method of mixing a supramolecular structure into a binder resin to form a film are conceivable. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is sufficient that the system of the supramolecular structure is solidified.

Further, in the supramolecular structure, even when the chain compound portion is polymerized, the molecular switching by the external stimulus is performed by the movement of the cyclic compound within the unit molecule. The effect on speed is small. This is an excellent feature as compared with the fact that the response of the device is significantly deteriorated by the polymerization.

Thus, a highly reliable device can be provided by using an all-solid-state device. Fourteenth Aspect According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the display element or the dimming element, the supramolecular cyclic compound is formed of a plurality of cyclic compounds in the configuration of the first to thirteenth aspects of the present invention. It is a tubular compound.

According to the above configuration, the cyclic compound is a tubular compound formed by joining a plurality of cyclic compounds. In order to control the display element with an external stimulus, it is desirable to have a threshold value that causes an optical change with respect to the external stimulus. In particular, in the interaction change of an organic compound, the interaction change often progresses due to a minute state change or a change in external conditions (temperature, pressure, ultraviolet light). Therefore, the optical change may be continued even after the external stimulus is given, or may occur when it is unnecessary. In this case, the element cannot be controlled by an external stimulus, and does not function as a display element.

For this problem, it is necessary to make the supramolecular structure have a threshold so that it does not change below a certain stimulus. That is, it is only necessary to form a factor that hardly causes an interaction in the supramolecular structure. Here, a certain threshold value can be provided if a plurality of cyclic compounds are joined to form a tube so that the interaction effect is enhanced and the interaction change due to an external stimulus is less likely to occur. The length of the tube and the forming method may be adjusted to the necessary threshold value and the length of the chain compound.

As described above, by using the tubular ring compound, a threshold value is given to the element, and a highly reliable display element can be provided. Fifteenth Aspect In the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is the same as that of the first to fourteenth aspects of the present invention, wherein a plurality of cyclic compounds of the supramolecular structure are contained in a chain compound. It is characterized by being included.

According to the above configuration, a plurality of cyclic compounds are included in the form of a chain compound, and the cyclic compounds interact with each other on the chain compound. As described in the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, it is necessary that the supramolecular structure has a threshold in order to control the element by external stimulus. Here, the inclusion of a plurality of cyclic compounds on the chain compound causes the cyclic compounds to interact with each other and makes it difficult for the cyclic compounds to move, so that a certain threshold value can be provided. The same compound may be used as the cyclic compound to be included in the chain compound, or different compounds may be used. The number to be included may be adjusted according to the necessary threshold value and the length of the chain compound.

Further, as an effect of the present configuration, a change in interaction is brought about by agglomeration and dispersion of a plurality of cyclic compounds on a chain compound, so that optical properties and physical properties of a supramolecular structure can be changed. . There have been reports of examples of liquid crystal properties due to aggregation of cyclic compounds, and it is also possible to increase the orientation of supramolecular substances by such changes in molecular shape, and to enhance the functionality of supramolecules become.

As described above, by including a plurality of cyclic compounds, a threshold value can be given to the device or a new function can be added to the supramolecular structure, and a highly reliable display device can be provided. it can. Sixteenth Aspect In a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the display element or the dimming element, in the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, the cyclic compound is tubular, and the chain compound moves in the tube. It is characterized by:

According to the above configuration, the chain compound moves in the tubular cyclic compound and causes an optical change due to a change in the interaction, thereby obtaining a display element. As shown in FIG. 30, an external stimulus moves the chain compound in the tubular ring compound. As shown in FIG. 31, if there is a composition part that causes an interaction in the cyclic compound, an optical change due to the interaction as in the third and fourth aspects of the present invention can be caused. Further, by attaching a derivative which causes an interaction with a chain compound to the terminal group, the fifth compound of the present invention can be obtained.
It is also possible to cause switching between the end groups as in the embodiment described above. Further, by adding a transport group to the chain compound itself or the derivative, a transport element such as a charge or ion as shown in the fifth embodiment of the present invention can be produced.

As described above, the interaction change is caused by the movement of the chain compound in the tubular compound,
A display element having caused an optical change can be manufactured.
Here, the tubular compound may be a compound obtained by polymerizing a cyclic compound, or may be a helical structure composed of chain molecules such as DNA.

In this system, since the chain compound moves within the cyclic compound, switching can be performed without being affected by the outside of the cyclic compound, and a highly reliable device can be manufactured. Thus, a display element based on a novel principle, particularly a highly reliable display element, can be provided by a system in which a chain compound is moved in a tubular compound. Seventeenth Aspect In the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element according to the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, wherein the supramolecular structure is at least two types in a minimum unit to which an external stimulus is given. It is characterized by having the above different constitutional units.

According to the above configuration, the response of the supramolecular structure varies depending on the difference of the external stimulus in one pixel, thereby enabling the gradation display. As the display element, it is desirable that the threshold value for the external stimulus is clear and that the display element can perform gradation display in which the display state can be changed following different stimuli in the same pixel.

When there are two stable states with respect to the external stimulus, it is not possible to arbitrarily adjust the state change and thus the optical change by adjusting the change of the external stimulus. Therefore,
By mixing a plurality of types of structures having different threshold values, a threshold value change occurs in a pixel and a display state changes in accordance with a change in an external stimulus, thereby enabling gray scale display.

As described above, by arranging supramolecular structures having different thresholds in one pixel, a display element capable of gradation display can be provided. Eighteenth Aspect In the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is different from the first to seventeenth aspects of the present invention in the system constituting the above-mentioned structure in that at least two or more types of chains having different chain lengths are provided. It is characterized by containing a chain compound. According to the above configuration, by changing the length of the chain compound in the supramolecular structure system, the response of the supramolecular structure due to a difference in external stimulus can be made different, and the gradation display can be performed. Enable. As the display element, the first element of the present invention described above is used.
As in the seventh mode, it is desirable that the threshold value for the external stimulus is clear and at the same time, gradation display in which the display state can be changed in accordance with different stimuli within the same pixel can be performed. When there are two stable states with respect to the external stimulus, it is not possible to arbitrarily adjust the state change and thus the optical change by adjusting the change of the external stimulus. Here, by mixing compounds having different chain lengths of the chain compounds into the system, it is possible to have a change in response speed due to a difference in chain length and a difference in threshold voltage, and to perform gradation display. Can be. Thus, a display element capable of gradation display can be provided by arranging supramolecular structures having different thresholds in one pixel. Nineteenth Aspect In the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is the same as the first to fifth aspects of the present invention in that the form of the change in the optical properties of the supramolecular structure due to the external stimulus is the same. It is characterized in that at least two or more types occur within the minimum unit to which an external stimulus in the element is given.

According to the above configuration, the display function in one pixel can be multi-functional by inserting a plurality of supramolecular structures showing different optical changes in one pixel.
For example, if a plurality of supramolecular structures showing different colors are included in one pixel, one stimulus may be generated due to a difference in external stimulus.
Multiple colors can be developed within a pixel. Also, an arbitrary color state can be displayed by combining a plurality of color states. In the case where one pixel contains a supramolecular structure that shows a change in color and emits light, the color display element and the light-emitting element can be selectively used as necessary. If such proper use is possible, a display element with good visibility according to the surrounding environment is created as a reflective element by a coloring function when the external light is bright and as a light emitting element when the external light is dark at night or the like. be able to. The plurality of functions included in one pixel is not limited to the above example, and any function of the supramolecular structure can be applied.

[0124] These multiple functions allow the appearance of the functions to be controlled by changes in external stimuli. For example, when the external stimulus is an electric field, one pixel contains a supramolecular structure showing multiple functions, and when the electric field strength is different, the functionality is controlled by controlling the electric field strength. It is possible to change the color tone of color development and to switch between color development and light emission. Similarly, when the functionality changes due to polarity inversion, by controlling the polarity, it is possible to change the color tone of the color or switch between color generation and light emission. Also for other external stimuli, a plurality of functionalities can be controlled by controlling the functionalities that appear due to the intensity of the stimulus, frequency changes, characteristic changes, and the like.

As described above, by incorporating a plurality of supramolecular structures exhibiting different optical changes in one pixel, it is possible to provide a multifunctional element and an element excellent in visibility. Twentieth Aspect In the twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the display element or the dimming element, in the configuration of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, the supramolecular structure may have a form in which the optical property changes due to an external stimulus. It is characterized in that at least two or more types are provided in the same molecule.

According to the above configuration, the same element has a plurality of functions. If one supramolecular structure can exhibit different colors, it is possible to cause multiple colors within one molecule due to differences in external stimuli. Also, an arbitrary color state can be displayed by combining a plurality of color states. In the case where color change and light emission are shown in one molecule, a color display element and a light-emitting element can be selectively used as necessary. If this kind of use can be performed properly, when the external light is bright, as a reflective element by a coloring function,
When external light is dark, such as at night, a display element with good visibility according to the surrounding environment can be formed as a light-emitting element. The plurality of functions included in one molecule is not limited to the above example, and any function of the supramolecular structure can be applied.

[0127] These multiple functions allow the appearance of the functions to be controlled by changes in external stimuli. For example, when the external stimulus is an electric field, a supramolecular structure showing multiple functions within one molecule is included, and when the electric field strengths showing multiple functions are different, by controlling the electric field strength Functionality can be controlled, and color tone change of color development and switching between color development and light emission can be performed. Similarly, when the functionality changes due to polarity inversion, by controlling the polarity, it is possible to change the color tone of the color or switch between color generation and light emission. Also for other external stimuli, a plurality of functionalities can be controlled by controlling the functionalities that appear due to the intensity of the stimulus, frequency changes, characteristic changes, and the like.

As described above, by using a supramolecular structure showing a different optical change in one molecule, it is possible to provide a device with multifunctionality and excellent visibility. Twenty-first Aspect In the twenty-first aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element according to the first to twentieth aspects of the present invention, wherein
A layer of standard electrode, at least two layers of supramolecular structure sandwiching the standard electrode, and an electrode disposed outside the supramolecular structure are provided, and the three electrodes simultaneously form two layers of supramolecular structure. It is characterized by controlling.

According to the above configuration, there are two or more supramolecular structures sandwiched between the three electrodes, and a plurality of supramolecular structures are simultaneously controlled. As shown in FIG. 32, the supramolecular structure 7
If A and 7B are sandwiched between the electrodes 25C and 25D with the standard electrode as the center, different electric fields can be applied to the supramolecular structures 7A and 7B with the standard electrode as a reference. If the supramolecular structures are the same, the display characteristics can be controlled in two layers by making the upper and lower electric field strengths different. Even when gradation display is insufficient with one layer, gradation display can be improved by controlling two layers simultaneously.

In the case where the supramolecular structures 7A and 7B perform optical changes with different characteristics, such as developing and emitting different colors and emitting light on one side, the electric field of the two layers is controlled. This makes it possible to change the color tone and use different characteristics. Also, the properties of the two structures can be used simultaneously.

When a supramolecular structure having a plurality of different characteristics is introduced into the same pixel or a supramolecular structure having a different characteristic is introduced in one molecule, the characteristics may be controlled by the electric field intensity. Although it is possible, if a certain characteristic becomes stronger due to polarity reversal or a change in the electric field strength, a certain characteristic will often become weaker.
It is difficult to maximize each characteristic. When the characteristics are controlled by polarity reversal, one of the characteristics cannot be used with a certain polarity.

However, by controlling the two-layer supramolecular structure with the three electrode layers as described above, a plurality of functions can be exhibited to the maximum. Even when the characteristics are controlled by reversing the polarity, electric fields having different polarities in the upper and lower directions can be applied to the reference electrode, so that a plurality of characteristics can be exhibited simultaneously.

As described above, by controlling the two-layered supramolecular structure with the three-layered electrode, a gradation display element and a multifunctional display element can be provided. Twenty-second Aspect In the twenty-second aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element is the element according to any of the first to twenty-first aspects of the present invention, wherein
It is characterized in that display pixels are divided into a plurality. According to the above configuration, one pixel is divided into a plurality of pixels, and an electric field can be applied independently to each of the divided pixels. If the supramolecular structures are the same, the display characteristics can be divided and controlled within one pixel by making the electric field strength of each divided pixel different. Even when an electric field is applied to the entire surface of one pixel, even if gradation display is insufficient, the gradation display can be improved by dividing the pixel into a plurality of pixels and controlling the characteristics of each divided pixel. In addition, a plurality of supramolecular structures are introduced into each divided pixel, and each supramolecular structure emits and emits a different color tone, and one divided pixel emits light. In the case of changing, the color tone can be changed by controlling the electric field of each divided pixel, or different characteristics can be used properly. Also, the properties of multiple structures can be used simultaneously. It is also possible to introduce a supramolecular structure having different characteristics in the same pixel, or to introduce a supramolecular structure having different characteristics in one molecule to control the characteristics of the entire pixel by electric field intensity. However, if a certain characteristic becomes stronger due to polarity reversal or a change in the electric field strength, a certain characteristic will often become weaker, and it will be difficult to maximize each characteristic. When the characteristics are controlled by polarity reversal, one of the characteristics cannot be used with a certain polarity. However, by controlling the supramolecular structure by the divided pixels as described above, a plurality of functions can be exhibited to the maximum. Even when the characteristics are controlled by polarity reversal, electric fields having different polarities can be applied to each of the divided pixels, so that a plurality of characteristics can be exhibited simultaneously. Thus, by controlling the supramolecular structure by the divided pixels,
It is possible to provide a display element that sufficiently brings out the properties of a supramolecule. Twenty-third Aspect In the twenty-third aspect of the present invention, the display element or the dimming element has at least a part of the element comprising the supramolecular structure and the electrode in the configuration of the first to twenty-second aspects of the present invention. , Manufactured by a transfer method. According to the above configuration, at least one layer of the supramolecular structure and the electrode is formed by a transfer process. As shown in FIG. 27, the supramolecular structure has a structure in which an electrode sandwiches the supramolecular structure and the organic functional layer. When such a structure is formed by lamination on one substrate, an electrode may be formed on the supramolecular structure and the organic functional layer.
When a plurality of supramolecular structures are formed in each pixel or one pixel, it is necessary to form a pattern of the supramolecular structure itself. In such a case, processes such as coating film formation, electrode deposition, and photolithography process are performed on the supramolecular structure and the organic functional layer. When such a step is performed on the supramolecular structure or the organic functional film, the surface or the inside may be eroded, and the properties and durability of the supramolecular structure may be significantly impaired. Therefore, it is desirable that such a process is not performed on the supramolecular structure or the organic functional material. The transfer method
An organic film is applied on a base material consisting of a support substrate and a transfer release layer, or an electrode is formed in a pattern, and this is peeled off from the release layer on the main substrate by heat or radiation to form a patterned electrode or an organic film on the main substrate. Is transferred. By using this method, films constituting an element can be stacked on the supramolecular structure or the organic functional film without performing the above process. In addition, the organic layer can be selectively transferred to an arbitrary pattern at the time of transfer by a transfer method.
Alternatively, when an arbitrary organic material is desired to be formed in an arbitrary pattern in a pixel, the pattern can be formed on the organic material without performing a process such as a photolithography step. Such a transfer method may be used for forming all constituent films for producing a display element including a supramolecular structure, or may be used for some constituent films. A transfer method can be used depending on the type of the organic film to be constituted. As described above, by using the process using the transfer method, the element constituent films can be stacked without invading the supramolecular structure or the organic functional film, and an element capable of sufficiently exhibiting characteristics can be manufactured.

[0134]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiment 1 Basic Structure An example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
The present invention is not limited to the following examples.

FIGS. 33 to 3 show the embodiment of the present invention.
8 will be described below. FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the display element 101 according to the present embodiment. The present display element has a configuration in which a substrate 51 is provided with a coloring element.

The substrate 51 is made of an insulating substrate. The electrodes 52 are arranged in parallel with each other on the present substrate, the insulating functional film 53 is formed so as to cover the electrodes 52, and the super-electrical material which causes an optical change by an electric field. A molecular structure 54, a counter electrode 55 arranged to vertically intersect the electrode 52, an insulating functional film 56 formed between the electrode 55 and the supramolecular structure 54,
It comprises a protective film 57 provided so as to cover the electrode 55 and the element 101.

The substrate 51 is a support for supporting the members 52 to 57 disposed on the aforementioned substrate, and is made of glass, a plastic material, or the like. This substrate is a member 5
It is not necessary to use a hard material as long as it can support 2-57. The substrate is desirably transparent, though it depends on the optical change of the supramolecular structure described later and the electrode material.

The electrodes 52 and 55 are preferably transparent, depending on the optical change of the supramolecular structure described later. In this case, ITO or tin oxide is used as an electrode material. These electrodes are generally formed by a photolithography process. However, when the elements are formed by sequentially stacking the elements 101 from a substrate, it is necessary to form the electrodes directly on the organic material. In this case, the organic material may be contaminated by a photolithography process for forming an electrode. In such a case, the electrodes can also be formed by a transfer method as described later. There is also a coating type organic complex conductive material. In such a material, the electrodes may be formed by a printing method typified by a screen method.

In this embodiment, the electrodes 52 and 55 are arranged so as to sandwich the supramolecular structure 54 up and down. However, there is a method in which the electrodes 52 and 55 are arranged on the same plane as shown in FIG. In this method, it is not necessary to form an electrode on the organic material, so that the element can be formed without eroding the organic material already formed at the time of forming the electrode.

Further, in the present embodiment, the element structure based on the simple matrix drive system has been described, but an element corresponding to active matrix drive can be used. The insulating functional materials 53 and 56 are composed of the electrodes 52 and 55 and the supramolecular structure 5.
4 to tie together. Here, the functional film is an insulating material that does not conduct between the upper and lower electrodes and the left and right electrodes,
An orientation control film for arranging the supramolecular structure to improve the functionality of the supramolecular structure, a charge injection layer for efficiently injecting charges into the supramolecular structure, and the like are conceivable. Further, a film having an interface function that can efficiently transmit the effect of an electric field applied from the electrode to the supramolecular structure may be used. The functional material is not limited to these materials, and may be any material that improves the functionality of the supramolecular structure that causes an optical change. Especially when the functional films 53 and 56 are not necessary,
These functional films are not provided, and conversely, if necessary, several layers of functional films may be stacked and provided.

As the functional films 53 and 56, the same film having the same functional film may be used on the upper and lower substrates, or films having different functions may be formed on the upper and lower substrates. An organic material is usually used for these functional films, but may be an inorganic material or a material obtained by hybridizing an inorganic material and an organic material. These functional films can be formed by a known method such as an evaporation method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method, and an LB film method.

The protective layer 57 is formed on the electrode 55.
The protective film has a function of preventing the supramolecular structure or the functional film from deteriorating its function due to contact with external oxygen or moisture, and a function of protecting the element from external impact. Therefore, as the protective layer, an organic material is usually used for these functional films, but an inorganic material may be used, or a material obtained by hybridizing an inorganic material and an organic material may be used. These functional films can be formed by a known method such as an evaporation method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method, and an LB film method.

When the supramolecular structure 54 is a solution or a gel-like fluid, the supramolecular structure 54 may not be supported by the substrate 51 alone. In such a case, the protective layer 57 also needs to be made of a material that functions as a support like the substrate 51. In this manner, the element 101 can be manufactured by supporting the upper and lower sides with the support substrate and sealing the side surface with an organic resin or the like. Here, the same material as the substrate 51 can be used as the supporting material. It is desirable that the sealing material is a material that can minimize adverse effects on the supramolecular structure, the electrode material functional film, and the like. Examples of the material include, but are not limited to, an organic adhesive used as a sealing material of a liquid crystal display element.

The type of the supramolecular structure 54 and the type of the element 101 formed thereby will be described later. next,
A method for processing the element 101 will be described. Here, a method for manufacturing an element using a transfer method is shown as an example of an embodiment, but the method for manufacturing an element is not limited to this method. (Method of Forming Element 101 by Transfer Method) Here, element 1
01 is formed by sequentially laminating the members 52 to 57 on the substrate 51. First, a film of ITO was formed on the plastic substrate 51 by a sputtering method (FIG. 35A). Here, the plastic substrate is made of a material whose water absorption is suppressed and which is not eroded by a photolithography process (exposure, development, etching, or the like). The thickness of ITO is 10
00 °. This is subjected to a photolithography process in the pixel portion 280 μm.
m, patterning was performed at a pitch of 20 μm.

A functional film 53 was formed on the ITO electrode 52 thus formed (FIG. 35 (b)). Here, the substrate 102 is formed. On the other hand, a transfer release layer 59 was formed on the transfer substrate 12 (FIG. 35 (c)). This transfer sacrificial layer
It has the property of peeling off from the transfer substrate when exposed to specific ultraviolet rays. Such a transfer sacrificial layer is not only one in which a peeling action is caused by ultraviolet rays, but also one which is melted by laser heating. An electrode 55 was formed on the transfer sacrificial layer by patterning in the same photolithography step as the electrode 52. On the electrode 55 thus obtained, a functional film 56 and a supramolecular structure 54 were formed. The function film forming methods 53 and 56 and the supramolecular structure 54 are not described because the film forming method differs depending on the material used. Thus, the transfer substrate 103 was completed.

The transfer substrate 103 and the substrate 102 thus obtained are pressed against each other so that the electrodes 2 and 5 cross each other vertically (FIG. 35D). Then, ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the back side of the transfer substrate to peel off the transfer sacrificial layer. Thus, the layer formed on the transfer substrate can be transferred to the substrate 102 (FIG. 35E). A protective layer was formed on the substrate 104 thus obtained (FIG. 35F). The protective layer was formed of a polycarbonate resin material having low water absorption and good sealing properties by a casting method. All of the organic layers (functional film, supramolecular structure, protective layer) used here were transparent, and the transparent element 101 was completed.

In the case where the members 52 to 57 are sequentially laminated on the substrate 51, it is necessary to perform ITO sputtering (about 200 ° C.) and a photolithography process on the functional film or the supramolecular structure. When such a process is performed on an organic functional resin, there is a high possibility that the organic resin is eroded and the functionality is impaired. However, by using the above-described transfer process, it is not necessary to perform a photolithography process on the organic resin, and an element can be manufactured without impairing the function of the organic resin. Further, since the organic resin film can be formed without being exposed to the high temperature at the time of ITO film formation, a low temperature process is also possible.

The element 101 thus obtained becomes a display element by causing an optical change of the supramolecular structure by applying an appropriate electric field to the upper and lower electrodes. Hereinafter, the interaction change and the optical change caused by the application of the electric field and the type of the display element will be described. (Example 1 of display element) Here, as a material of the supramolecular structure 54, a supramolecular structure A (which uses a cyclodextrin as a cyclic compound and has a Using an alkyl chain). The supramolecular structure A has the property of being transparent at the time of inclusion and of developing color at the time of dissociation. For color development, three supramolecular structures having three CMY color development characteristics were created by molecular design. The supramolecular structure A is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

This material was used as the layer of the supramolecular structure 54 of the display element 101. Here, the functional film 53,
As 56, an orientation control film capable of orienting the supramolecular structure A vertically to the substrate was used.

The display element 101 obtained as described above
Performed a transparent-colored SW by applying an electric field. With regard to the coloring property, the supramolecular structure itself developed a coloring reaction, so that a very bright and easy-to-read device was obtained. Also, an element with very low power consumption was obtained.

Next, in order to prepare a color display element capable of emitting three colors of CMY, a laminated subtractive color display element in which three single-color display elements were laminated as shown in FIG. 36 was prepared. This is obtained by laminating the monochromatic elements 104, 105, and 106. A protective layer 57 is laminated between each element. Further, a white reflector 60 was provided on the back surface to form a reflective element. Since this device can be arbitrarily laminated by a transfer method, the device could be produced without eroding the long molecule structure or the functional film.

The element 107 thus obtained is
Since the back surface was visible when the layer was transparent, a white display was displayed when three layers were colored. Further, it is possible to display an arbitrary color by controlling the color developing property of each layer.

The color display device thus obtained was a device with vivid colors and excellent visibility. In addition, the device was very bright in color display and white display. Compared to other reflective type LCD devices, this display device is a laminated subtractive color mixing device that does not use a deflector plate and does not cause a reduction in usage efficiency due to parallel color filters. In some cases, about six times the brightness could be realized. Also, compared to a cholesteric liquid crystal laminated element having the same structure as the present element, the cholesteric liquid crystal cannot use half the light due to the helical pitch, so that the present element has twice the brightness.

As described above, an element which is very bright and excellent in visibility as compared with the current display element can be manufactured.
Here, a color-developing type display element was created, but in the dissociation-inclusion phenomenon of the supramolecular structure, various optical changes such as scattering, refractive index change, and light emission can be caused. A corresponding element can be created. Regarding the cell configuration, it is possible to have an element structure as required, such as a three-color parallel type color element using additive color mixture, even if it is not a stacked type manufactured here. (Example 2 of display element) Here, as a material of the supramolecular structure 54, the supramolecular structure B (cyclic) has a property that the cyclic compound moves on the chain compound by the application of an electric field and changes the position where the interaction occurs. A compound using cyclodextrin as a compound and an alkyl chain as a chain compound) was used. The supramolecular structure B has a property of being transparent and coloring depending on the place where the interaction occurs. For color development, three supramolecular structures having three CMY color development characteristics were created by molecular design. The supramolecular structure B is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

This material was used as the layer of the supramolecular structure 54 of the display element 101. Here, the functional film 53,
As 56, an orientation control film capable of orienting the supramolecular structure A vertically to the substrate was used.

The display element 101 thus obtained was subjected to a transparent / color-forming SW by applying an electric field. With regard to the coloring property, the supramolecular structure itself developed a coloring reaction, so that a very bright and easy-to-read device was obtained. Also, an element with very low power consumption was obtained.

With the device obtained here, a device having a higher response speed than that of Example 1 of the display device could be manufactured.
This is because the supramolecular structure A used in Example 1 dissociates the cyclic compound from the chain compound each time switching is performed,
This is because it takes time to respond. On the other hand, in the supramolecular structure B, the switching speed was increased because the switching was performed only by the movement of the cyclic compound on the chain compound.

Further, when the device was driven for a long time, the switching stability was better than that of the supramolecular structure A of Example 1. This is also because the molecules that have been separated by the dissociation-inclusion do not necessarily cause the inclusion-dissociation between the same molecules, so that the switching in the system becomes uneven. In order to further improve the stability of the device, the supramolecular structure B
When a supramolecular structure C having stopper groups introduced at both ends of the chain compound was prepared and used in a device, the stability to driving for a long time was improved. This is considered to be because the stopper prevented the cyclic compound from detaching from the chain compound, thereby further improving the switching stability.

Also, the number of cyclic compounds arranged on the chain compound was increased without changing the coloring characteristics of the supramolecular structure, and several types of supramolecular structure D (cyclodextrin was used as the cyclic compound, (Using an alkyl chain as the crystalline compound) was prepared and used in a device, and the threshold voltage of color development with respect to an electric field was improved. Further, the degree of color development could be easily controlled by the threshold voltage.
This is because the threshold of the color development phenomenon became clear by increasing the number of the cyclic compounds, and the device became a stable element in which switching did not proceed due to external environmental changes and the like. In addition, because the number of different cyclic compounds entered, the threshold value varies,
It is considered that the gradation display became easier to control. Similarly,
Even when a supramolecular structure in which the length of the chain compound was changed was produced, an element in which gradation display was easily controlled could be produced in the same manner as described above.

Next, in order to prepare a color display element capable of emitting three colors of CMY, a laminated type subtractive color display element in which three single-color display elements were laminated as shown in FIG.

The color display element 107 obtained in this manner was an element with vivid colors and excellent visibility. In addition, the device was very bright in color display and white display.
Compared to other reflective type LCD devices, this display device is a laminated subtractive color mixing device that does not use a deflector plate and does not cause a reduction in usage efficiency due to parallel color filters. In some cases, about six times the brightness could be realized. Also, compared to a cholesteric liquid crystal laminated element having the same structure as the present element, the cholesteric liquid crystal cannot use half the light due to the helical pitch, so that the present element has twice the brightness.

As described above, an element which is very bright and excellent in visibility as compared with the current display element can be manufactured.
Further, a display element having excellent response speed, reliability, life, and gradation display characteristics was able to be manufactured as compared with Example 1 of the element.

Here, a color-developing type display element was prepared. However, since various other optical changes such as light emission can be caused, elements corresponding to these changes in optical characteristics can be prepared. Regarding the cell configuration, it is possible to have an element structure as required, such as a three-color parallel type color element using additive color mixture, even if it is not a stacked type manufactured here. (Example 3 of display element) Here, as a material of the supramolecular structure 54, the supramolecular structure E (cyclic) in which the cyclic compound moves from the terminal portion on the chain compound by an electric field application to cause an interaction change. A compound using cyclodextrin as a compound and an alkyl chain as a chain compound) was used. The supramolecular structure E has the property of developing color at the time of interaction at the end and becoming transparent when separated by an electric field. For color development, three supramolecular structures having three CMY color development characteristics were created by molecular design. The supramolecular structure E is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

This material was used as a layer of the supramolecular structure 54 of the display element 101. Here, the functional film 53,
As 56, an orientation control film capable of orienting the supramolecular structure A vertically to the substrate was used.

The display element 101 thus obtained was subjected to a transparent / color-forming SW by applying an electric field. With regard to the coloring property, the supramolecular structure itself developed a coloring reaction, so that a very bright and easy-to-read device was obtained. Also, an element with very low power consumption was obtained.

With the device obtained here, a device having a higher response speed than that of Example 2 of the display device could be manufactured.
In the supramolecular structure B, the response speed could be increased as compared with the supramolecular structure A because switching was performed only by the movement of the cyclic compound on the chain compound. There is a composition site that interacts with the cyclic compound, which inhibits the movement of the cyclic compound. On the other hand, in the supramolecular structure E, there is no obstacle on the chain compound, so that there is no factor that inhibits the movement, and a very fast switching behavior can be realized. Therefore, switching on the order of μsec was possible, and a moving image could be displayed.

Further, when driven for a long time, in the supramolecular structure E, since the stopper group was introduced at both ends of the chain compound, the cyclic compound was not released from the chain compound. As in the case of the molecular structure C, a very stable device was obtained.

Similarly to the supramolecular structure D, the number of cyclic compounds arranged on the chain compound was increased, and several types of the supramolecular structure F (a cyclodextrin was used as the cyclic compound, and an alkyl chain was used as the chain compound) Was used for the device, and when the device was used, the threshold voltage of color development with respect to the electric field was improved. Further, the degree of color development could be easily controlled by the threshold voltage.
This is because the threshold of the color development phenomenon became clear by increasing the number of the cyclic compounds, and the device became a stable element in which switching did not proceed due to external environmental changes and the like. In addition, because the number of different cyclic compounds entered, the threshold value varies,
It is considered that the gradation display became easier to control. Similarly,
Even when a supramolecular structure in which the length of the chain compound was changed was produced, an element in which gradation display was easily controlled could be produced in the same manner as described above.

Next, in order to produce a color display element capable of emitting three colors of CMY, a laminated subtractive color display element in which three single-color display elements were laminated as shown in FIG.

The thus-obtained color display element 107
Was an element with vivid color development and excellent visibility. In addition, the device was very bright in color display and white display. Compared to other reflective type LCD devices, this display device is a laminated subtractive color mixing device that does not use a deflector plate and does not cause a reduction in usage efficiency due to parallel color filters. In some cases, about six times the brightness could be realized. Also, compared to a cholesteric liquid crystal laminated element having the same structure as the present element, the cholesteric liquid crystal cannot use half the light due to the helical pitch, so that the present element has twice the brightness.

The liquid crystal display element has a slow response speed, so that the display of moving images, especially fast moving images, may be dirty and unsuitable for displaying moving images. Display was also possible.

As described above, it was possible to produce an element which was very bright and excellent in visibility as compared with the current display element.
In addition, a display element having excellent response speed, reliability, life, and gradation display characteristics and capable of displaying moving images was manufactured.

Here, a color-developing type display element is prepared. However, since various other optical changes such as light emission can be caused, elements corresponding to these changes in optical characteristics can be prepared. Regarding the cell configuration, it is possible to have an element structure as required, such as a three-color parallel type color element using additive color mixture, even if it is not a stacked type manufactured here. (Example 4 of display element) Here, as a material of the supramolecular structure 54, a supramolecular structure G having a property that a chain compound moves from a terminal portion in a tubular cyclic compound by application of an electric field from an end portion to cause an interaction change. (A cyclodextrin was used as a cyclic compound, and an alkyl chain was used as a chain compound). The cyclic compound has a tubular shape and has an inducing group at the terminal portion for causing an interaction with the chain compound.
The supramolecular structure G develops a color when interacting at the terminal,
It has the property of becoming transparent when separated by an electric field.
Color development has 3 color development characteristics of CMY by molecular design.
We created two supramolecular structures. The supramolecular structure F
Is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

This material was used as the layer of the supramolecular structure 54 of the display element 101. Here, the functional film 53,
As 56, an orientation control film capable of orienting the supramolecular structure A vertically to the substrate was used.

The display element 101 thus obtained was subjected to a transparent / color-forming SW by applying an electric field. With regard to the coloring property, the supramolecular structure itself developed a coloring reaction, so that a very bright and easy-to-read device was obtained. Also, an element with very low power consumption was obtained.

As for the device obtained here, a device having a high response speed could be manufactured as in Example 3 of the display device. The supramolecular structure G performs switching only by the movement of the chain compound in the tubular cyclic compound, and can realize very fast switching behavior because there is no obstacle in the ring to hinder the movement of the chain compound. Therefore, switching on the order of μsec was possible, and a moving image could be displayed.

Furthermore, when the device is driven for a long time, the supramolecular structure G moves in the cyclic compound, and is not affected by changes outside the cyclic compound or affected by other molecules. And could be.

Next, in order to produce a color display element capable of emitting three colors of CMY, a laminated subtractive color display element in which three single-color display elements were laminated as shown in FIG.

The color display element 107 thus obtained
Was an element with vivid color development and excellent visibility. In addition, the device was very bright in color display and white display. Compared to other reflective type liquid crystal display devices, this display device is a multi-layer subtractive color mixing device that does not use a deflector plate and does not cause reduction in usage efficiency due to parallel color filters. As a result, about six times the brightness could be realized. Also, compared to a cholesteric liquid crystal laminated element having the same structure as the present element, the cholesteric liquid crystal cannot use half the light due to the helical pitch, so that the present element has twice the brightness.

The liquid crystal display element has a low response speed, so that the display of moving images, particularly a fast-moving image, may be dirty and unsuitable for displaying moving images. However, this display element can perform high-speed switching. Display was also possible.

As described above, it was possible to produce an element which was extremely bright and excellent in visibility as compared with the current display element.
In addition, a display element having excellent characteristics such as response speed, reliability, and life and capable of displaying moving images could be manufactured.

Here, a color-developing type display element was prepared. However, since various other optical changes such as light emission can be caused, elements corresponding to these changes in optical characteristics can be prepared. Regarding the cell configuration, it is possible to have an element structure as required, such as a three-color parallel type color element using additive color mixture, even if it is not a stacked type manufactured here. (Example 5 of display element) Here, as a material of the supramolecular structure 54, a supramolecular structure H (cyclic) having a property of causing a cyclic compound to move from an end portion on a chain compound by application of an electric field and causing an interaction change. A compound using cyclodextrin as a compound and an alkyl chain as a chain compound) was used. The supramolecular structure H has a characteristic that it develops a color when interacting at the terminal and becomes transparent when detached by an electric field. For color development, three supramolecular structures having three CMY color development characteristics were created by molecular design. Further, the present supramolecular structure H is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

Further, the supramolecular structure I (which uses a cyclodextrin as a cyclic compound and an alkyl chain as a linear compound) having a property of causing a cyclic compound to move from a terminal portion on the linear compound by application of an electric field and causing an interaction change. ) Was used. The supramolecular structure I has a characteristic that it emits light when an interaction occurs at a terminal portion, and becomes transparent when separated by an electric field. Color development is CMY by molecular design
Three supramolecular structures having three coloring properties were prepared.
Further, the present supramolecular structure H is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

As for the emission colors, three supramolecular structures having RGB three color development characteristics were prepared by molecular design. Also,
The present supramolecular structure I is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

Here, for H and I, the characteristics with respect to the electric field polarity were reversed. That is, when a positive polarity is applied to the supramolecular structure H with respect to the terminal portion where the interaction occurs, the cyclic compound is released and the color is erased. Conversely, in the supramolecular structure I, when a negative polarity is applied, the cyclic compound is released and the light emission disappears.

Materials having such characteristics were mixed and used as a layer of the supramolecular structure 54 of the display element 101. In addition, here, as the functional films 53 and 56, an alignment control film capable of vertically aligning the supramolecular structures H and I with respect to the substrate was used. Further, in this alignment control film, as shown in FIG. 37, for both the supramolecular structures H and I, the coloring interaction group 61 and the light emission interaction group 62 of the chain compound were used.
The orientation was controlled so that the ends of the electrodes were arranged in the same electrode direction.

The display element 101 thus obtained can exhibit two types of display modes, light emission and color development, by applying an electric field. By inverting the electrodes, a transparent-colored SW and a transparent-light emitting SW can be generated.

As described above, if the light emission and the coloring can be selectively used by reversing the polarity, a light-emitting display and a reflective display can be simultaneously manufactured with one display element. Such a display is a display that obtains optimal visibility according to the difference in certification environment,
This is a display that can be used in multiple scenes. The display can be used as a reflective display when the external light is bright, such as in the daytime, and as a luminous display at nighttime.
In addition, it can be used as a reflective display that is easy on the eyes when viewing text information or still image information, and as a light emitting display when viewing a moving image with a sense of realism.

The present display element can be used as a multi-scene display because the reflective type and the luminescent type can be arbitrarily switched by changing the electrodes depending on the lighting environment and the type of image. Further, depending on the configuration of the electrodes and the driving method, a part of the screen of the display element can be of a reflective type and a part thereof can be of a luminous type. be able to.

With the device obtained here, a device having a high response speed could be manufactured in both the color display mode and the light emission mode. In the supramolecular structures H and I, there is no obstacle on the chain compound, so that there is no factor that hinders the movement, and very fast switching behavior can be realized. Therefore, switching on the order of μsec was possible, and a moving image could be displayed.

Furthermore, when the supramolecular structures H and I were driven for a long period of time, since the stopper groups were introduced at both ends of the chain compound, the cyclic compound was not released from the chain compound. Like the supramolecular structure C of
It was possible to obtain a very stable device.

Further, as in the case of the supramolecular structures D and F, the number of cyclic compounds arranged on the chain compound was increased, and the number of the cyclic compounds was increased. Further, gradation display could be easily controlled by the threshold voltage. This is because the threshold of the color development phenomenon came out clearly by increasing the number of cyclic compounds,
A stable device that does not progress switching due to external environmental changes. In addition, it is considered that the difference in the number of different cyclic compounds caused variations in the threshold value, and the gradation display became easier to control. Next, in order to prepare a color display element, a stacked display element in which three single-color display elements were stacked as shown in FIG.

The color display element 107 thus obtained
Has a multi-scene display in which a light emitting element and a coloring element can be selectively used depending on the polarity, and the emission intensity and the degree of coloring can be controlled by the intensity of the electric field.

Here, a display element for controlling color emission and light emission by the polarity is manufactured, but it is also possible to control the two display modes by giving a difference in the threshold voltage of color emission and light emission.

In this case, a multi-function display called a multi-scene display is manufactured by mixing supramolecular structures having two types of display forms. However, supramolecular structures having different coloring hues and luminescent molecules having different emission colors are used. A multi-function display element can be manufactured even in the case of mixing. (Example 6 of display element) Here, as the material of the supramolecular structure 54, the supramolecular structure J (cyclic) having the property of causing the cyclic compound to move from the terminal portion on the chain compound by the application of an electric field and causing an interaction change. A compound using cyclodextrin as a compound and an alkyl chain as a chain compound) was used. The supramolecular structure J has an inducing group that causes an interaction at both ends of the chain compound. Further, one end has a characteristic that it develops a color when an interaction occurs and becomes transparent when it is separated by an electric field. Furthermore, it has the property of emitting light when an interaction occurs at the other end and becoming transparent when separated by an electric field. In addition, each terminal has a property that the polarity of the electric field for releasing the cyclic compound from the interaction is opposite.

That is, the cyclic compound is moved to both terminals of the chain compound by the electric field, the both terminals are selectively controlled by the polarity of the electric field, and the color development and light emission can be controlled by the polarity.

For color development, three supramolecular structures having color development characteristics of three colors of CMY were prepared by molecular design. The emission color has three color development characteristics of three colors of RGB depending on the molecular design.
We created two supramolecular structures. For color development, three supramolecular structures having three CMY color development characteristics were created by molecular design. Further, the present supramolecular structure J is formed into a polymer film and can be applied by a casting method.

A material having such characteristics was mixed and used as a layer of the supramolecular structure 54 of the display element 101. Further, here, as the functional films 53 and 56, an orientation control film capable of orienting the supramolecular structure J perpendicular to the substrate was used. In this orientation control film, the orientation of the supramolecular structure J was controlled so that the coloring interaction group 61 and the luminescence interaction group 62 of the chain compound were arranged in the same direction as shown in FIG.

The display element 101 thus obtained can exhibit two types of display modes, light emission and color development, by applying an electric field. By inverting the electrodes, a transparent-colored SW and a transparent-light emitting SW can be generated.

As described above, if light emission and color generation can be selectively used by reversing the polarity, a light-emitting display and a reflective display can be simultaneously manufactured with one display element. Such a display is a display that obtains optimal visibility according to the difference in certification environment,
This is a display that can be used in multiple scenes. The display can be used as a reflective display when the external light is bright, such as in the daytime, and as a luminous display at nighttime.
In addition, it can be used as a reflective display that is easy on the eyes when viewing text information, still image information, and the like, and can be used as a light emitting display when viewing a moving image with a sense of realism.

The present display element can be used as a multi-scene display because the reflective type and the luminescent type can be arbitrarily switched by changing the electrodes according to the lighting environment and the type of image. Further, depending on the configuration of the electrodes and the driving method, a part of the screen of the display element can be of a reflective type and a part thereof can be of a luminous type. be able to.

With the device obtained here, a device having a high response speed can be manufactured in both the color display mode and the light emission display mode. In the supramolecular structure J, there is no obstacle on the chain compound, so that there is no factor that hinders the movement, and a very fast switching behavior can be realized. Therefore, switching on the order of μsec was possible, and a moving image could be displayed.

Furthermore, when the supramolecular structure J was driven for a long period of time, since the stopper groups were introduced at both ends of the chain compound in the supramolecular structure J, the cyclic compound was not released from the chain compound. As in the case of the supramolecular structure C, an extremely stable device was obtained.

Further, as in the case of the supramolecular structures D and F, the number of cyclic compounds arranged on the chain compound was increased, and the number of the cyclic compounds was increased to several types. Further, gradation display could be easily controlled by the threshold voltage. This is because the threshold of the color development phenomenon came out clearly by increasing the number of cyclic compounds,
A stable device that does not progress switching due to external environmental changes. In addition, it is considered that the difference in the number of different cyclic compounds caused variations in the threshold value, and the gradation display became easier to control.

In Example 5 of the display element, two different pixels
Supramolecular structures H and I having different display modes were mixed to form a multi-scene display. In this case, the two types of supramolecular structures were almost uniformly mixed and there was no unevenness of pixels. However, depending on the material system, there is a possibility that separation may occur and an uneven display may occur. However, in this example, 1
Because of the two functions of color development and light emission in the molecule, a display element having a uniform display without problems such as uneven mixing of materials and layer separation could be manufactured.

Next, in order to form a color display element,
As in Example 1 of the display element, a multilayer display element in which three monochromatic display elements were stacked as shown in FIG. 36 was prepared. The thus obtained color display element 107 was a multi-scene display in which a light-emitting element and a color-forming element could be selectively used depending on the polarity, and the light-emitting intensity and the degree of coloring could be controlled by the intensity of the electric field.

Here, a multi-functional display called a multi-scene display was manufactured using a supramolecular structure having two types of display forms, but a supramolecular structure having a different coloring hue and a supramolecular structure having a different emission color were mixed. A multi-function display element can be manufactured by using the same. Embodiment 2 In-Plane Element Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention is not limited to the following examples.

For the sake of convenience of explanation, the same members as those shown in the drawings of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. The following will describe another embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIGS. FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the display element 108 according to the present embodiment. This display element has a configuration in which a color element is provided on a substrate 51.

The substrate 51 is formed of an insulating substrate. On the substrate, electrodes 52 are arranged in parallel with each other, an insulating film 53 is formed so as to cover the electrodes 52, and an electrode 55 is formed in parallel with the electrodes 52. And a protective film 57 provided so as to cover the supramolecular structure 54 causing an optical change by an electric field, the electrode 55 and the element 101.

The electrodes 52 and 55 are, as shown in FIG.
First, a comb electrode having a line parallel to each other and extending in a direction perpendicular to the electrode 55 and a line parallel to the electrode 55 forming the pixel portion is formed. An insulating film 63 is formed so as to cover the obtained comb-shaped electrode, and the electrode 5 is further formed thereon.
5 is formed in parallel with the comb teeth of the electrode 52,
And 55 are formed, and 64 surrounded by these electrodes becomes a pixel region. Here, the electrode structure on the simple trick is used, but an electrode structure using an active element for in-plane may be used.

[0211] Here, the display element 108 was formed on the substrate 51 by a sequential lamination process. In the present display element, since the electrode structure is an in-plane type, after the electrode structure is manufactured, the functional film 53, the supramolecular structure 54, and the protective film 5 are formed.
A display element can be obtained by merely stacking the layers 7 in order.
A display element that does not erode the surface or inside of the organic film can be produced without performing an electrode forming process or the like on these organic films.

The display element 108 manufactured as described above
On the other hand, as the supramolecular structure 54, a material such as that described in the above embodiment was used. Since the direction in which the electric field is applied to the functional film 53 is the horizontal direction, the supramolecular structure was oriented in the direction parallel to the substrate. Furthermore, the orientations of the molecules were arranged in the same direction so that the electric field effect was improved. Further, since the distance between the electrodes becomes extremely long with respect to the molecular length due to the lateral electrodes, a material that improves the performance of the element by mixing a component having a charge transport effect into the functional film 53 so as to enhance the effect of the electric field. There was also.

The supramolecular structure 54 exhibited switching behavior in the present display element as in the first embodiment, and functioned as a display element. Further, the display element 112 manufactured by laminating the single-layer coloring elements 109, 110, and 111 as shown in FIG. 41 is also very bright as a color display element as compared with the conventional reflective display as in the first embodiment. A display could be made. However, in this embodiment, the aperture ratio of the electrode is smaller than that of the display element 107, and thus the display element is slightly darker than the display element 107.

Also, in the forms of the multi-scene display in the fifth and sixth embodiments, the same display can be performed by using the same material. As described above, a display element having performance superior to that of a conventional display element can be manufactured even by the in-plane structure. Embodiment 3 Multifunctional Display Element Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0215] For convenience of description, the same members as those shown in the drawings of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. The following will describe another embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIG. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a display element 113 according to the embodiment. The present display element has a configuration in which a substrate 51 is provided with a coloring element.

The substrate 51 is formed of an insulating substrate. The electrodes 52 are arranged in parallel with each other on the substrate, the insulating functional film 53 is formed so as to cover the electrodes 52, and the super-electrical film which causes an optical change by an electric field. A molecular structure 54, a counter electrode 55 arranged to intersect perpendicularly with the electrode 52, an insulating functional film 53 formed between the electrode 55 and the supramolecular structure 54,
Further, the supramolecular structure 54 ′ and the electrode 52 ′ and the element 113 formed thereon in parallel with the electrode 52 and in the same shape.
And a protective film 57 provided so as to cover.

The display element 113 having this configuration is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
The electrode was fabricated so that the electrode process was not performed on the organic film by the transfer method shown in FIG. In the display element 113 thus obtained, the supramolecular structure 54 is used as the above-described first embodiment.
The materials as described above were used.

In this configuration, electrodes can be simultaneously applied to the two long molecule structure layers by using the center electrode 55 as the standard potential. Supramolecular structures 54 and 5
When the same supramolecular structure was used for 4 ', color development could be controlled by two layers, so that gradation display could be easily controlled even if it was difficult to control with a single material.

When a luminescent material is used on one side and a coloring material is used on one side for the supramolecular structures 54 and 54 ', light emission and coloring can be controlled simultaneously by simultaneous control of two layers. In Examples 5 and 6 of the display element of Embodiment 1, the supramolecular structure H,
The two display forms could not be controlled unless the mixture of I and the supramolecular structure J had a large difference in polarity reversal and electric field threshold. However, in this case, the characteristics can be controlled independently and simultaneously. It can be controlled without it. In addition, it is possible to cause a color to be emitted and to emit light at the same time, so that various display modes can be created.

As described above, a multi-function display element can be manufactured according to the present embodiment. Embodiment 4 Pixel-divided Display Element Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention is not limited to the following examples.

For the sake of convenience of explanation, the same members as those shown in the drawings of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. The following will describe another embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIG. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a display element 114 according to the embodiment. The present display element has a configuration in which a substrate 51 is provided with a coloring element.

This configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the electrode 52 is divided within one pixel and can be driven independently. According to this configuration, when the supramolecular structure 54 used in the first embodiment is used, even if the driving by the non-divided pixels makes it difficult to control the gray scale display due to the strength of the electric field, the material is independent by the divided pixels. By driving, pixel division gray scale display could be performed. Further, taking advantage of the advantage of a high response speed, a finer gray scale display is possible by combining with a gray scale display by time division.

Further, according to this configuration, when the mixture of the supramolecular structures H and I and the supramolecular structure J used in the first and fifth examples of the first embodiment are used, the electrode is formed at each divided pixel in the pixel. By controlling the inversion of, a multi-scene display element capable of emitting and emitting light could be manufactured. Embodiment 1
In Examples 5 and 6 of the display element of the above, the two display forms could not be controlled unless the mixture of the supramolecular structures H and I and the supramolecular structure J had a large difference in polarity inversion and electric field threshold. Can be driven independently and simultaneously, so that control can be performed even if there is no difference in the characteristics of the display form. Further, since the light emission and the color display can be performed at the same time, further multifunctional display is possible.

Further, as shown in FIG. 44, by forming a different supramolecular structure for each divided pixel by a transfer method, each divided pixel can be made independent and one pixel can have a multifunctional display function. it can. Here, when a light-emitting and coloring material is manufactured by a transfer method in two divided pixels, a multi-scene display element capable of emitting and coloring can be manufactured by controlling electrodes in each divided pixel in the pixel. did it. Similarly to the above-described elements, each divided pixel can be driven independently and simultaneously, so that control can be performed even if there is no difference in display form characteristics.

As described above, by performing pixel division and driving each pixel independently, a gradation display and a multifunctional display element could be manufactured.

[0226]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device or a dimming device comprising a supramolecular structure comprising a cyclic compound and a chain compound included in the cyclic compound, and at least the supramolecular structure. It consists of one support substrate and an element sandwiched between sealing materials, and has a rotaxane structure in which the chain compound can penetrate the cyclic compound as one state of the supramolecular structure, and the cyclic compound is formed on the chain compound. Can be moved,
By controlling the movement of cyclic compounds by external stimuli,
In this configuration, the interaction between the supramolecular substances is changed to change the optical characteristics. With this configuration, a novel display element using switching of the supramolecular structure can be provided.

The display element or the dimming element according to the second aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first aspect, wherein the supramolecular structure is a rotaxane structure that allows the chain compound to penetrate a cyclic compound, and The structure is such that a substituent is introduced into at least one end of the chain compound so that the cyclic compound cannot be eliminated from the chain compound. With this configuration,
A novel display element based on the switching principle by the molecular shuttle can be provided. A display element or a dimming element according to a third aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first aspect, wherein the interaction change is such that the cyclic compound and the chain compound are in an inclusion state and a dissociation state. With this configuration, a novel display element based on the switching principle based on the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure can be provided. The display element or the dimming element according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is configured such that in the configurations of the first and second aspects, the interaction change is a change in a stop position of a cyclic compound on a chain compound. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a novel display element based on a switching principle based on a molecular shuttle movement of a supramolecule, particularly a display element having excellent response speed and element stability. The display element or the dimming element according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is a display element or a dimming element,
In the configuration of the embodiment, the interaction change may be a movement on a chain compound due to an interaction between the terminal and the cyclic compound. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a novel display element based on a switching principle based on a molecular shuttle movement of a supramolecule, particularly a display element having a response speed capable of displaying a moving image and having excellent cell reliability. Sixth Embodiment
In the display element or the dimming element according to the aspect, in the configuration according to the first to fifth aspects, the support substrate includes an electrode, and the interaction of the supramolecular structure is controlled by electric stimulation. With this configuration, display rewriting and moving image display can be arbitrarily performed, and can function as a driving force for shuttle movement of the supramolecular structure. The display element or the dimming element according to the seventh aspect of the present invention includes:
In the configuration of the sixth aspect, an electrical stimulus is applied to the support substrate from above and below. With this configuration,
The display can be rewritten and the moving image can be arbitrarily displayed, and particularly uniform electric stimulation can be given. A display element or a dimming element according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the configuration according to the sixth aspect, in which the electrical stimulus is applied to the support substrate from the same plane. With this configuration, display rewriting and moving image display can be arbitrarily performed, and a display element can be produced without particularly affecting the organic constituent film. A display element or a dimming element according to a ninth aspect of the present invention has a configuration in which the supramolecular structure is oriented substantially perpendicularly or substantially parallel to the substrate in the configurations of the first to sixth aspects. . With this configuration, the effect of the external stimulus can be effectively transmitted, and the change in the optical characteristics of the supramolecular structure can be effectively exhibited.

The display element or the light control element according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the light control element according to the first to ninth aspects, wherein the supramolecular structure completes an interaction change and an optical change within a single molecule. It is. With this configuration, a change in the optical characteristics of the supramolecular structure can be effectively exhibited, and a display element having excellent reliability can be provided.

The display element or the dimming element according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to tenth aspects, wherein the element includes at least one or more intermediate layers between the electrode and the supramolecular structure. It is. With this configuration, a change in optical characteristics can be effectively exhibited.

[0230] The display element or the dimming element according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the intermediate layer is provided between the electrode and the supramolecular structure. This is a configuration that functions as an interface between molecular structures. With this configuration, the electrical stimulus from the electrode can be effectively transmitted to the supramolecular structure, and the change in the optical characteristics of the supramolecular structure can be effectively exhibited.

The display element or the dimming element according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to sixth aspects, wherein
The system including the supramolecular structure is a solid. With this configuration, a highly reliable display element can be provided.

The display device or the light control device according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the display device or the dimming device according to the first to thirteenth aspects, wherein the supramolecular cyclic compound is a tubular compound formed of a plurality of cyclic compounds. There is a certain configuration. With this configuration, it is possible to provide the supramolecular structure with a threshold value for external stimulus and provide a highly reliable display element.

A display element or a dimming element according to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to fourteenth aspects, wherein a plurality of cyclic compounds of the supramolecular structure are included in a chain compound. Configuration. With this configuration, the supramolecular structure has a threshold value for external stimulus, and a highly reliable display element can be provided.

A display element or a dimming element according to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein the cyclic compound is tubular and the chain compound moves in the tube. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a novel display element based on the switching principle by movement of a chain compound, particularly a display element having high-speed response and high reliability.

The display element or the dimming element according to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to sixth aspects, wherein
The supramolecular structure has at least two or more different structural units in a minimum unit to which an external stimulus can be given. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a display element that can easily perform gradation display.

The display element or the dimming element according to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to seventeenth aspects, wherein at least two or more types of chain having different chain lengths are added to the system constituting the structure. It is characterized by containing a compound. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a display element that can easily perform gradation display.

The display element or the dimming element according to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to fifth aspects, wherein
The configuration is such that at least two or more types of changes in the optical properties of the supramolecular structure due to external stimulus occur within the minimum unit to which external stimulus is applied in the same element. With this configuration, a multifunctional display element, particularly, a multi-scene display can be provided.

The display element or the dimming element according to the twentieth aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to fifth aspects, wherein
In the above-mentioned supramolecular structure, at least two types of optical property changes due to external stimuli are provided in the same molecule. With this configuration, a multifunctional display element, particularly, a multi-scene display can be provided.

The display element or the dimming element according to the twenty-first aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to twentieth aspects, wherein the display element or the dimming element comprises the above-mentioned supramolecular structure and electrode. At least two or more layers of the supramolecular structure sandwiching the standard electrode, electrodes further provided outside the supramolecular structure are provided, and two layers of the supramolecular structure are simultaneously controlled by the three electrodes. is there.
With this configuration, a gradation display element having a supramolecular structure and a multifunctional display element can be provided.

The display element or dimming element according to the twenty-second aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to twenty-first aspects, wherein in the element comprising the supramolecular structure and the electrode, one display pixel is provided in plural. The configuration is divided. With this configuration, a gradation display element having a supramolecular structure and a multifunctional display element can be provided.

The display element or the dimming element according to the twenty-third aspect of the present invention is the display element or the dimming element according to the first to twenty-second aspects, wherein at least a part of the element comprising the supramolecular structure and the electrode is formed by a transfer method. It is a configuration to be manufactured. With this configuration, the element constituent films can be laminated without invading the supramolecular structure or the organic functional film, and the characteristics can be sufficiently exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic view of a display element of the present invention according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a molecular shuttle of a supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a change in optical characteristics due to the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a change in optical characteristics due to the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a change in optical characteristics due to the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a change in optical characteristics due to the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a change in optical characteristics due to the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a change in optical characteristics due to the inclusion-dissociation phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the molecular station phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the molecular station phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the molecular station phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the molecular station phenomenon of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the interaction of the terminal groups of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the interaction of the terminal groups of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of the interaction of the terminal groups of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the interaction of the terminal groups of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the interaction of the terminal groups of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the interaction of the terminal groups of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of optical change due to terminal group interaction of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a configuration of a chromophore according to the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of optical change due to terminal group interaction of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing one example of an electrode structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing one example of an electrode structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing one example of an electrode structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing one example of a supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of the interaction of the supramolecular structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a view showing one example of the structure of the display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a view schematically showing a display element in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a diagram schematically showing a display element in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating an example of the method of manufacturing the display element in the embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a view schematically showing a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement of a supramolecular structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement of a supramolecular structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a diagram schematically showing a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of the electrode forming method in the embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a view schematically showing a display element in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 42 is a diagram schematically showing a display element in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 43 is a diagram schematically showing a display element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a diagram schematically showing a display element in an embodiment according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Chain compound 2: Cyclic compound 3: Derivative 4: Different composition unit on chain compound 5: Different composition unit on chain compound 6: Substrate 7: Supramolecular structure 8: Sealing material 9: Counter substrate 10: Side-wall sealing material 11: Partitioning material 12: Stopper 13: Exchange chain compound 14: Medium (binder resin) 15: Flexible chain compound 16: Color developing compound 17: Compound 18: Terminal deriving group 19: Terminal Base part composition part 20: Transporter 21: Moving body 22: Carrier 23: Carrier generation part 24: Carrier 25: Electrode 26: Electrode protective layer 27: Through hole electrode 28: Tubular compound 51: Substrate 52: Electrode 53 : Insulating functional film 54: Supramolecular structure 55: Counter electrode 56: Insulating functional film 57: Protective layer 58: Transfer substrate 59: Transfer peeling layer 60: White reflector 61: Mutual coloring Application group 62: Light emitting interaction group 63: Insulating film 64: Display pixel 101: Display element 102: Substrate 103: Transfer substrate 104: Monochromatic element 105: Monochromatic element 106: Monochromatic element 107: Multi-layer element 108: Imprint In-display element 109: Single-layer in-plane display element 110: Single-layer in-plane display element 111: Single-layer in-plane display element 112: Multi-layer in-plane display element 113: Two-layer simultaneous driving element

Claims (31)

[Claims] 1. A supramolecular structure comprising a cyclic compound and a chain compound encapsulated in the cyclic compound, wherein the cyclic compound can move on the chain compound by an external stimulus, and at least one sheet of Display element or dimming element composed of a support substrate. 2. A supramolecular structure comprising a cyclic compound and a chain compound encapsulated in the cyclic compound, wherein the supramolecular structure capable of moving on the chain compound by an external stimulus comprises at least one sheet. A display element or a dimming element sandwiched between a supporting substrate and a sealing material. 3. The display element or the light control element according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular structure has a cyclic compound and a rotaxane structure through which a chain compound can penetrate the cyclic compound. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular structure has a substituent introduced into at least one end of the chain compound so that the cyclic compound is not eliminated from the chain compound. Optical element. 5. The display element according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular structure causes an inclusion state and a dissociation state between the cyclic compound and the chain compound by an external stimulus to change optical characteristics. Light control element. 6. In a supramolecular structure comprising a cyclic compound and a chain compound included in the cyclic compound, the cyclic compound is moved and stopped to change the relative positions of the cyclic compound and the chain compound. The display device or the light control device according to claim 1, wherein the display device or the light control device exhibits an interaction change. 7. The display element or light control according to claim 6, wherein the cyclic compound is moved and stopped, and the interaction is developed by changing the relative position between the cyclic compound and the terminal of the chain compound. element. 8. The display element or the dimming element according to claim 1, wherein an external stimulus is given as an electric stimulus by an electrode provided on the support substrate. 9. The display element or the dimming element according to claim 8, wherein the electrical stimulus is provided between the support substrates or on the same plane with respect to the support substrate. 10. The display element or the light control element according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular structure is oriented perpendicularly or substantially perpendicularly or parallel or substantially parallel to the supporting substrate. 11. The display device or the light control device according to claim 1, wherein the interaction change and the accompanying optical change are completed within a single molecule of the supramolecular structure. 12. The display device or the light control device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one intermediate layer between the supramolecular structure and the support substrate. 13. The display device or the light control device according to claim 12, wherein the intermediate layer functions as an interface between an electrode provided on the support substrate and an supramolecular structure when an electric field is applied. 14. The display device or the light control device according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular structure or a system containing the supramolecular structure is a solid. 15. The cyclic compound in the supramolecular structure,
The display device or the light control device according to claim 1, wherein the display device or the light control device is a tubular compound formed of a plurality of cyclic compounds. 16. The cyclic compound in the supramolecular structure,
16. A plurality of inclusions in the chain compound.
3. The display element or the light control element according to 1. 17. The display device or the light control device according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic compound is in a tubular shape, and the chain compound moves in the tube. 18. The display element or the dimming element according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular structure has at least two or more different structural units in a minimum unit to which an external stimulus is given. 19. The display element or the light control element according to claim 1, wherein the system constituting the supramolecular structure contains at least two kinds of chain compounds having different chain lengths. 20. The change in optical properties of the supramolecular structure due to external stimulus occurs in at least two forms within the minimum unit to which external stimulus is applied within the same element.
4. The display element or the light control element according to 1. 21. The display element or the dimming element according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular structure causes at least two kinds of changes in optical properties due to an external stimulus in the same molecule. 22. An element configuration comprising the display element or the dimming element according to claim 1 and an electrode,
One layer of standard electrode, at least 2 sandwiching said standard electrode
A method of providing a layered supramolecular structure and electrodes outside the supramolecular structure, wherein the three electrodes simultaneously control a two-layered supramolecular structure. 23. An element comprising the display element or the dimming element according to claim 1 and an electrode, wherein:
A method in which a display pixel is divided into a plurality of pixels and an electric field is independently applied to the divided pixels. 24. An electrode, an insulating functional film,
A supramolecular structure comprising a cyclic compound and a chain compound included in the cyclic compound, wherein the cyclic compound can move on the chain compound by an external stimulus, and is disposed so as to intersect the electrode in parallel or perpendicularly. A method for manufacturing a display element or a light control element in which a counter electrode and a protective film are sequentially laminated. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the supramolecular structure has a cyclic compound and a rotaxane structure through which a chain compound can penetrate the cyclic compound. 26. The display device according to claim 24, wherein the supramolecular structure has a substituent introduced into at least one end of the chain compound so that the cyclic compound is not eliminated from the chain compound. A method for manufacturing an optical element. 27. The display element according to claim 24, wherein the supramolecular structure causes an inclusion state and a dissociation state between the cyclic compound and the chain compound by an external stimulus to change optical characteristics. A method for manufacturing a light control element. 28. A supramolecular structure composed of a cyclic compound and a chain compound included in the cyclic compound moves and stops the cyclic compound, thereby changing the relative positions of the cyclic compound and the chain compound. 28. The method for manufacturing a display element or a light control element according to claim 24, wherein the display element or the light control element exhibits an interaction change. 29. The display element or dimming device according to claim 28, wherein the interaction is developed by moving and stopping the cyclic compound and changing the relative position between the cyclic compound and the terminal of the chain compound. Device manufacturing method. 30. The method for manufacturing a display element or a light control element according to claim 24, wherein the surface pixel is divided into a plurality of pixels and arranged so that an independent electric field can be applied to each of the divided pixels. 31. The method according to claim 24, wherein the transfer method is used for at least a part of the display element or the light control element.