JP2002189314A - Toner producing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner producing method by which the occurrence of a fogging is suppressed under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, a developer carrier is uniformly coated with toner and toner particles can be efficiently and uniformly triboelectrified. SOLUTION: A mechanical pulverizer 301 is provided with a powder charge port 311 for charging coarse powder, a stator 310, a rotator 314 attached to a center rotary shaft, and a powder discharge port 302 for discharging fine powder from a pulverizing means. The stator includes the rotator and the surface of the stator and the surface of the rotator form a pulverizing zone to have a specified gap. The rotator and the stator have a projecting part in specified corrugated shape and a recessed part between the projecting parts, and the recessed part of at least either one of the rotator and the stator has a flat surface at a bottom part, and the surface roughness of the pulverizing surface of the rotator and/or the stator satisfies Ra>=2.0 μm [Ra is the average roughness of a center line].

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing a toner formed from a binder resin used for image formation by electrophotography and a method for producing a toner using the apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an image forming method such as electrophotography, electrostatography and electrostatic printing, a toner for developing an electrostatic image is used.

[0003] In general, a method for producing a toner includes, as raw materials, a binder resin for fixing to a material to be transferred, various colorants for giving a color as a toner, and a charge control agent for giving a charge to particles. Alternatively, in a so-called one-component developing method as disclosed in JP-A-54-42141 and JP-A-55-18656, in addition to these, various magnetic materials for imparting transportability and the like to the toner itself are used. Used, if necessary, for example, dry-mixing by adding other additives such as a release agent and a fluidity-imparting agent, and thereafter, melt-kneading with a general-purpose kneading device such as a roll mill, extruder, After cooling and solidifying, the kneaded material is refined by various pulverizing devices such as a jet air pulverizer and a mechanical collision pulverizer, and the obtained coarsely pulverized material is introduced into various air classifiers to perform classification. Give the collated classified product to a particle size necessary as further fluidizing agent or lubricant, etc. was externally added by dry-mixing as necessary, and the toner to be subjected to image formation. In the case of the toner used in the two-component developing method,
After mixing various magnetic carriers and the above-mentioned toner, it is used for image formation.

As the pulverizing means, various pulverizing apparatuses are used. Among them, for pulverizing a coarsely pulverized toner mainly comprising a binder resin, a jet air flow type pulverizer using a jet air flow as shown in FIG. A collision-type airflow pulverizer is used.

[0005] A collision type air flow pulverizer using a high-pressure gas such as a jet gas stream conveys a powder material by a jet gas stream, injects the powder material from an outlet of the acceleration tube, and opposes the opening surface of the outlet of the acceleration tube. Then, the powder material is crushed by the impact force of the collision member.

For example, in an impingement type air-flow pulverizer shown in FIG. 10, an acceleration tube 162 connected to a high-pressure gas supply nozzle 161 is connected.
A collision member 164 is provided opposite to the outlet 163 of the, and the high-pressure gas supplied to the acceleration pipe 162 sucks the powder raw material into the acceleration pipe 162 from the powder raw material supply port 165 communicated in the middle of the acceleration pipe 162. Then, the powder raw material is ejected together with the high-pressure gas to collide with the collision surface 166 of the collision member 164, crushed by the impact, and the crushed material is discharged from the crushed material discharge port 167.

However, the above-mentioned collision type air flow pulverizer produces a toner having a small particle diameter because the powder material is ejected together with the high-pressure gas to collide with the collision surface of the collision member and pulverize by the impact. Requires a lot of air. Therefore, power consumption is extremely large, and there is a problem in terms of energy cost.

In recent years, in particular, in order to cope with environmental problems, energy saving of the apparatus has been required.

Therefore, a mechanical crusher that does not require a large amount of air and consumes less electric power has attracted attention instead of the conventional collision type air crusher.

For example, in the mechanical pulverizer shown in FIG. 1, at least a rotor, which is a rotating body attached to a central rotating shaft, and a rotor which is arranged around the rotor while keeping a constant distance from the rotor surface. And the annular space formed by maintaining the distance is airtight.

Since such a mechanical crusher does not need to use a large amount of air unlike a conventional collision type air crusher, it consumes less electric power and can cope with energy saving of a device required in recent years. . Further, the shape of the toner pulverized by the mechanical pulverizer is rounded due to mechanical impact force, so that it is possible to cope with environmental problems such as cleanerlessness and reduction of waste toner amount.

However, in recent years, as the image quality and definition of copiers and printers have been improved, the performance required for toner as a developer has become more severe, the particle size of the toner has been reduced, and the particle size distribution of the toner has been reduced. It is further demanded that the toner surface state be controlled with high precision in accordance with the demand for sharp particles which do not contain coarse particles and have few ultrafine powders and high level of environmental stability. It is becoming.

[0013] Therefore, it is very difficult to meet the above demand only by using the shape of the rotor and the stator of the conventional mechanical pulverizer, for example, the shapes as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8. It is difficult to control the surface state of the toner with high precision while paying attention to the surface material and surface shape of the rotor and the stator.

There is also a need for a mechanical pulverizer capable of efficiently producing a small particle size toner having a sharp particle size distribution. Specifically, in an image forming method using an electrophotographic method, a toner having a small particle diameter having a sharp particle size distribution to realize higher definition and higher image quality is provided, with less deterioration and abrasion of a rotor and a stator. There is a long-awaited need for a method of efficiently manufacturing.

[0015]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a method for producing a toner capable of obtaining a toner with higher definition and higher image quality.

That is, an object of the present invention is to sharpen the particle size distribution and to control the surface state of the toner with high precision, so that no fog is generated in the non-image area or fog is generated, especially in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a toner capable of uniformly applying a toner on a developer carrying member and obtaining a toner capable of efficiently and uniformly triboelectrically charging toner particles.

Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a toner having improved production efficiency by reducing the pressure loss of the concave portion of the rotor and / or the stator in a mechanical pulverizer. To provide.

[0018]

According to the present invention, a mixture containing at least a binder resin and a colorant is melt-kneaded, the obtained kneaded product is cooled, the cooled product is roughly pulverized, and the coarsely pulverized product is pulverized. A finely pulverized product to obtain a finely pulverized product, and producing a toner having a weight average particle size of 4 to 12 μm from the obtained finely pulverized product, wherein the pulverizing means is a mechanical pulverizer; The mechanical pulverizer has a powder inlet for charging the coarsely pulverized material into the pulverizing means to finely pulverize the material, and a stator,
At least a rotor attached to a central rotating shaft, and at least a powder discharge port for discharging finely pulverized powder from a pulverizing means, wherein the stator includes the rotor, The rotor is arranged so as to have a predetermined gap between the surface of the stator and the surface of the rotor to form a pulverizing zone. In the pulverizing zone, the coarsely pulverized material is finely divided as the rotor rotates. The rotor and the stator are pulverized, each of which has a plurality of corrugated protrusions and a recess formed between the protrusions and the protrusions, and at least the rotor and the stator. One of the recesses has a flat surface at the bottom, and the slope rising from the bottom face of the recess of the rotor on the rear side in the rotor rotation direction is a rotor first slope, and the rotor first slope is The line connecting the center of the shaft and the rising point of the first slope of the rotor is used as the reference line. A slope having an inclination angle (α1) of 10 ° or more and less than 80 ° on a minus side, and a first slope of the stator in a rotor rotation direction front side of a protrusion rising from a bottom face of the recess of the stator; The stator first slope has a tilt angle (β1) of 10 ° or more and less than 80 ° on the plus side, with a line connecting the center of the rotation axis and the rising point (A ′) of the stator first slope recess being a reference line. And the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator has the following condition: Ra ≧ 2.0 μm [where Ra represents the center line average roughness. And the toner pulverized by the mechanical pulverizer is the BET of the toner.
Surface area per unit volume Sb measured by the method
(M ² / cm ³⁾ and, the specific surface area per unit volume calculated from the weight average diameter when assuming a toner and sphericity St (m ²
/ Cm ³ ) satisfies the following condition: Sb / St ≧ 1.8.

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and as a result, have found that the surface roughness of the crushing surfaces of the rotor and the stator in the mechanical crusher and the crushing of the crushed powder by the mechanical crusher. And found that there was a relationship between the surface states of the toner and the rotor and the stator in a mechanical pulverizer, wherein the rotor and the stator each had a plurality of corrugated convexes. Having a concave portion formed between the portion and the convex portion, the concave portion of at least one of the rotor and the stator has a flat surface at the bottom, thereby improving the pulverization efficiency, The inventors have found that it is possible to obtain a toner having a small particle size having a sharp particle size distribution, and have derived the present invention having the above-described configuration.

That is, in a mechanical pulverizer, a rotor provided with a large number of grooves on a surface rotating at a high speed in a pulverization processing chamber, and a surface roughness of a pulverized surface of a stator provided with a large number of grooves on a surface. By controlling the mechanical pulverizer to an appropriate state and operating the mechanical pulverizer, the surface shape of the toner can be arbitrarily controlled, and even in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, good developability can be achieved from the beginning.
A long-lasting toner having transferability and stable chargeability can be obtained, furthermore, generation of fogging in the non-image area is suppressed, the toner can be uniformly applied on the developer carrying member, and toner particles can be formed. The inventors have found that a toner that can be triboelectrically charged efficiently and uniformly can be obtained, and have reached the present invention.

That is, in a mechanical pulverizer, a rotor provided with a large number of grooves on a surface rotating at a high speed in a pulverization processing chamber and / or a stator provided with a large number of grooves on a surface. By making the shape of the convex portion a corrugated shape and the shape of the concave portion having a flat surface at the bottom, the cross-sectional area of the concave portion of the rotor and / or the stator can be increased. The present invention has been found that since the pressure loss can be reduced, more efficient pulverization can be performed as compared with a conventional mechanical pulverizer.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments.

First, raw materials of toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant used in the present invention will be described.

[Wax] As the wax used in the present invention, various wax components conventionally known as a release agent can be used. For example, examples of the hydrocarbon wax include low-molecular-weight polyethylene, low-molecular-weight polypropylene, polyolefin copolymer, polyolefin wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, and aliphatic hydrocarbon-based wax such as Fischer-Tropsch wax.

As the wax having a functional group, an oxide of an aliphatic hydrocarbon wax such as an oxidized polyethylene wax; or a block copolymer thereof; a plant such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, wood wax, or jojoba wax Animal waxes such as beeswax, lanolin, and whale wax; mineral waxes such as ozokerite, ceresin, and petrolactam; waxes mainly containing aliphatic esters such as montanic acid ester wax and caster wax: deoxidized carnauba Examples thereof include those obtained by partially or entirely deoxidizing an aliphatic ester such as a wax.

Further, saturated straight-chain fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, montanic acid, or long-chain alkyl carboxylic acids having a longer-chain alkyl group; unsaturated fatty acids such as brassic acid, eleostearic acid, and barinaric acid ; Stearyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol,
Saturated alcohols such as behenyl alcohol, kaunavir alcohol, seryl alcohol, melisyl alcohol, or alkyl alcohols having a longer chain alkyl group; polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol; Aliphatic amides such as methylenebisstearic acid amide, ethylenebiscapric acid amide, ethylenebislauric acid amide, hexamethylenebisstearic acid amide; ethylenebisoleic acid amide, hexamethylenebisoleic acid amide, N, N Unsaturated fatty acid amides such as' -dioleyl adipamide, N, N'-dioleyl sebacamide; aromatic compounds such as m-xylene bisstearic acid amide and N, N'-distearyl isophthalic acid amide Bisamides; aliphatic metal salts such as calcium stearate, calcium laurate, zinc stearate, and magnesium stearate (commonly referred to as metallic soaps); partial esterified products of fatty acids such as behenic acid monoglyceride and polyhydric alcohols; Examples include a methyl ester compound having a hydroxyl group obtained by hydrogenating an oil or fat.

As the wax grafted with the vinyl monomer, there is a wax obtained by grafting an aliphatic hydrocarbon wax with a vinyl monomer such as styrene or acrylic acid.

Preferred waxes include polyolefins obtained by radical polymerization of olefins under high pressure;
A polyolefin obtained by purifying a low-molecular-weight by-product obtained during polymerization of a high-molecular-weight polyolefin; a polyolefin polymerized under a low pressure using a catalyst such as a Ziegler catalyst or a metallocene catalyst; a polyolefin polymerized using radiation, electromagnetic waves or light; paraffin wax , Microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax; synthetic hydrocarbon wax synthesized by the Zintall method, hydrocoll method, Aage method, etc .; synthetic wax using a compound having one carbon atom as a monomer; hydroxyl group, carboxyl group or ester group; A hydrocarbon wax having a functional group; a mixture of a hydrocarbon wax and a hydrocarbon wax having a functional group; styrene, maleic ester, acrylate, methacrylate, and maleic anhydride based on the wax. Waxes obtained by graft-modified with such vinyl monomers.

Further, these waxes may be obtained by sharpening the molecular weight distribution using a press sweating method, a solvent method, a recrystallization method, a vacuum distillation method, a supercritical gas extraction method or a liquid crystal deposition method, or a low molecular weight solid fatty acid. , Low molecular weight solid alcohol,
Low molecular weight solid compounds and those from which other impurities have been removed are also preferably used.

[Resin] As the binder resin used in the present invention, various resin compounds conventionally known as binder resins can be used. For example, vinyl resins,
Phenol resin, natural resin modified phenolic resin, natural resin modified maleic resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, silicone resin, polyester resin, polyurethane, polyamide resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin, polyvinyl butyral, terpene Resin, coumaroindene resin, petroleum resin and the like. Among them, vinyl resins and polyester resins are preferred in terms of chargeability and fixability.

Examples of the vinyl resin include styrene;
o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylenestyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene,
such as pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecylstyrene Styrene derivatives;
Ethylene unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, and isobutylene; unsaturated polyenes such as butadiene; vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, and vinyl fluoride; vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate , Vinyl esters such as vinyl benzoate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate;
Isobutyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate,
Dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate,
Α-methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic esters such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate Acrylates such as dodecyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl methyl ketone ,
Vinyl ketones such as vinylhexyl ketone and methyl isopropenyl ketone; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinylindole and N-vinylpyrrolidone; vinylnaphthalenes:
Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid derivatives such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide; α, β
Esters of unsaturated acids, diesters of dibasic acids; acrylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, α-ethylacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, vinyl acetic acid, isocrotonic acid, angelic acid and α- or β thereof -Alkyl derivatives; vinyl monomers such as fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, dimethyl maleic acid, dimethyl fumaric acid and other unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and monoester derivatives or anhydrides thereof. The used polymer is mentioned. In the vinyl resin, the above-mentioned vinyl monomers are used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, a combination of monomers that results in a styrene copolymer or a styrene-acrylic copolymer is preferred.

Further, the binder resin used in the present invention may be a polymer or a copolymer cross-linked with a cross-linkable monomer as exemplified below as necessary.

As the crosslinkable monomer, a monomer having two or more crosslinkable unsaturated bonds can be used. As such a crosslinkable monomer, various monomers as shown below have been conventionally known, and can be suitably used in the developer of the present invention.

Examples of the crosslinking monomer include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene; and diacrylate compounds linked by an alkyl chain such as ethylene glycol diacrylate and 1,3-butylene glycol. Diacrylate,
1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, and those obtained by replacing the acrylate of the above compounds with methacrylate; ether bond Examples of diacrylate compounds linked by an alkyl chain containing: diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 400 diacrylate, polyethylene glycol # 600 diacrylate, dipropylene glycol Diacrylates and acrylates of the above compounds in place of methacrylates; diacrylates linked by chains containing aromatic groups and ether linkages Examples of the compounds include polyoxyethylene (2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate, polyoxyethylene (4) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane diacrylate and The acrylates of the above compounds may be used in place of methacrylates; examples of polyester type diacrylates include the trade name MANDA
(Nippon Kayaku) and the like.

Examples of the polyfunctional crosslinking agent include pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethanetetraacrylate, oligoester acrylate, and acrylates of the above compounds instead of methacrylates; Triallyl cyanurate, triallyl trimellitate and the like.

As the binder resin used in the present invention, the following polyester resins are also preferable. It is preferable that 45 to 55 mol% of the polyester resin is an alcohol component and 55 to 45 mol% is an acid component.

As the alcohol component, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,
1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, the following (B)
A bisphenol derivative represented by the formula:

[0038]

Embedded image (Wherein, R represents an ethylene or propylene group, x and y are each an integer of 1 or more, and the average value of x + y is 2 to 10.) Diols represented by the formula (C);

[0039]

Embedded image

Alternatively, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, sorbit, and sorbitan may be used.

Preferred examples of the acid component include carboxylic acids. Examples of the divalent carboxylic acid include benzenedicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and phthalic anhydride or anhydrides thereof. Alkyl dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and azelaic acid or anhydrides thereof; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid and itaconic acid or anhydrides thereof; Examples of the carboxylic acid having a valency or higher include trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid and anhydrides thereof.

The alcohol component of the polyester resin is particularly preferably a bisphenol derivative represented by the above formula (B), and the acid component is phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid or its anhydride, succinic acid, n-dodecenylsuccinic acid. Or dicarboxylic acids such as anhydrides, fumaric acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride; and trimellitic acids or tricarboxylic acids of anhydrides thereof. This is because the heat roller fixing developer using a polyester resin obtained from these acid component and alcohol component as a binder resin has good fixability and excellent offset resistance.

[Magnetic Material] When the toner of the present invention is used as a magnetic toner, the magnetic material contained in the magnetic toner is not particularly limited as long as it is a generally used magnetic material. For example, magnetite, maghemite, ferrite And iron oxides containing other metal oxides, such as
e, metals such as Co, Ni, or these metals and Al, Co, Cu, Pb, Mg, Ni, Sn, Zn, S
b, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Mn, Se, Ti, W,
Alloys with metals such as V, and mixtures thereof.

Specifically, examples of the magnetic material include iron trioxide (Fe ₃ O ₄ ), iron sesquioxide (γ-Fe ₂ O ₃ ), yttrium iron oxide (Y ₃ Fe ₅ O ₁₂ ), iron oxide Cadmium (C
dFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron gadolinium oxide (Gd ₃ Fe)
₅ O ₁₂ ), iron oxide copper (CuFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron oxide lead (Pb
Fe ₁₂ O ₁₉ ), nickel iron oxide (NiFe ₂ O ₄ ), iron oxide niodymium (NdFe ₂ O ₃ ), barium oxide (BaF)
e ₁₂ O ₁₉ ), magnesium iron oxide (MgFe ₂ O ₄ ), lanthanum iron oxide (LaFeO ₃ ), iron powder (Fe), cobalt powder (Co), nickel powder (Ni) and the like. The above-mentioned magnetic materials are used alone or in combination of two or more. Particularly preferred magnetic materials are triiron tetroxide or γ-
It is a fine powder of iron sesquioxide.

These ferromagnetic materials have an average particle size of 0.05 to
At 2 μm, the magnetic properties at 795.8 kA / m applied are coercive force of 1.6 to 12.0 kA / m and saturation magnetization of 50 to 200 A
Those having m ² / kg (preferably 50 to 100 Am ² / kg) and residual magnetization of ^{2 to 20} Am ² / kg are preferable for use in the image forming method of the present invention, particularly, the electrophotographic image forming method.

Further, these magnetic materials are used as binder resin 100
It is preferable that the content is 60 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 80 to 150 parts by mass with respect to parts by mass.

[Colorant] As described above, a magnetic substance may be used as a colorant in the toner of the present invention, but a nonmagnetic colorant or the like can be used as another colorant. Such non-magnetic colorants include any suitable pigments or dyes. For example, examples of pigments include carbon black, aniline black, acetylene black, naphthol yellow, hansa yellow, rhodamine lake, vengar, phthalocyanine blue, and indanthrene blue. These have a good addition amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. Similarly, a dye is used, and a binder resin 10 is used.
0.1 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 0 parts by mass
The addition amount of 10 to 10 parts by mass is good.

As the colorant used in the present invention, a black colorant which is prepared by using carbon black, a magnetic substance, and the following yellow / magenta / cyan colorants as a black colorant is used.

Examples of the yellow colorant include condensed azo compounds, isoindolinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds,
A compound represented by an azo metal complex, a methine compound or an allylamide compound is used. Specifically, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 6
2, 74, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 109, 1
10, 111, 120, 127, 128, 129, 14
7, 168, 174, 176, 180, 181, 191
Etc. are preferably used.

Examples of the magenta colorant include condensed azo compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinones, quinacdrine compounds, basic dye lake compounds, naphthol compounds, benzimidazolone compounds, thioindigo compounds, and perylene compounds. Specifically, C.I.
I. Pigment Red 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 23, 4
8: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 57: 1, 81: 1, 1
44, 146, 166, 169, 177, 184, 18
5, 202, 206, 220, 221, 254 are particularly preferred.

As the cyan coloring agent, copper phthalocyanine compounds and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone compounds, basic dye lake compounds and the like can be used. Specifically, C.I.
I. Pigment Blue 1, 7, 15, 15: 1, 15:
2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 60, 62, 66 can be used particularly preferably.

[Charge Control Agent] In the toner of the present invention, a charge control agent can be used if necessary in order to further stabilize the chargeability. The charge control agent is a binder resin 100
It is preferable to use 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass, per part by mass for controlling the chargeability of the toner.

As the charge control agent, various types of charge control agents conventionally known can be used, and examples thereof include the following.

As a negative charge controlling agent for making the toner negatively chargeable, for example, an organometallic complex or a chelate compound is effective. Examples thereof include a monoazo metal complex, a metal complex of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, and a metal complex of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. Others include aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids and metal salts thereof, anhydrides thereof,
Or an ester thereof, or a phenol derivative of bisphenol. Preferred are monoazo metal compounds, wherein the substituent is an alkyl group,
Monoazo dyes synthesized from phenols and naphthols having halogen, nitro group, carbamoyl group, etc.
Metallic compounds of r, Co, and Fe are listed. Further, a metal compound of an aromatic carboxylic acid is also preferably used, and an alkyl group, a halogen, a nitro group or the like, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene carboxylic acid,
Examples include hydroxycarboxylic acid and metal compounds of dicarboxylic acids.

Examples of the positive charge control agent that makes the toner positively chargeable include nigrosine, nigrosine derivatives, triphenylmethane compounds, and organic quaternary ammonium salts. For example, denatured products such as nigrosine and fatty acid metal salts, tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate,
And onium salts such as phosphonium salts, which are analogs thereof, and their lake pigments, triphenylmethane dyes, and these lake pigments (as the lake-forming agent, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid) , Lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide), metal salts of higher fatty acids; diorganotin oxides such as dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin oxide, dicyclohexyltin oxide; dibutyltin borate, dioctyltin borate, dicyclohexyltin borate Diorganotin borates; these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[External Additives] As described above, the toner of the present invention generally contains, in addition to the toner particles, an external additive for adjusting the fluidity and chargeability of the toner. As such an external additive, a fluidity improver may be added to the toner of the present invention. The fluidity improver can be added to the toner particles to increase the fluidity before and after the addition. For example, fluororesin powder such as vinylidene fluoride fine powder; fine silica powder such as wet-process silica and dry-process silica, fine-powder titanium oxide, fine-powder alumina, and a silane compound, a titanium coupling agent, and a silicone oil. There is a treated fine powder or the like that has been subjected to the treatment.

The method for imparting hydrophobicity is provided by chemically treating an organic silicon compound or the like which reacts or physically adsorbs with fine powder.

Examples of the organosilicon compound include hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylsilane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, allyldimethylchlorosilane, allylphenyldichlorosilane, benzyldimethylchlorosilane, and bromomethyltridimethylsilane. Chlorosilane,
α-chloroethyltrichlorosilane, β-chloroethyltrichlorosilane, chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane, triorganosilylmercaptan, trimethylsilylmercaptan, triorganosilyl acrylate, vinyldimethylacetoxysilane, dimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldiethoxysilane, Hexamethyldisiloxane, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3-diphenyltetramethyldisiloxane and Si having 2 to 12 siloxane units per molecule and one for each terminal unit. And a dimethylpolysiloxane having a hydroxyl group bonded thereto. Further, a silicone oil such as dimethyl silicone oil may be used. These are used in one kind or in a mixture of two or more kinds.

As the particles having a size of 0.1 to 5.0 μm used in the present invention, inorganic fine particles, organic fine particles, and mixtures and composites thereof can be used. Specifically, strontium titanate, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide,
Examples include metal oxides such as magnesium oxide and the like, fluororesin powder, resin fine particles, and the like. Particularly, strontium titanate and cerium oxide are preferable in terms of charging characteristics.

[Charge Control Agent II] The toner of the present invention preferably contains a charge control agent.

The following compounds can be used to control the toner to be negatively charged.

Organic metal complexes and chelate compounds are effective and include monoazo metal complexes, acetylacetone metal complexes, metal complexes of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Other examples include aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, anhydrides, esters, and phenol derivatives of bisphenol.

Among them, an azo metal complex represented by the following formula (1) is preferable.

[0064]

Embedded image [Wherein, M represents a coordination center metal, and Sc, Ti, V, C
r, Co, Ni, Mn or Fe. Ar
Is an aryl group, is an aryl group such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent in this case include a nitro group, a halogen group, a carboxyl group, an anilide group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. X, X ', Y and Y' are -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -NR- (R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). C ⁺ represents a counter ion, and represents hydrogen, sodium, potassium, ammonium, aliphatic ammonium or a mixed ion thereof. ]

Particularly, the central metal is preferably Fe or Cr, the substituent is preferably a halogen, an alkyl group or an anilide group, and the counter ion is hydrogen,
Alkali metals, ammonium or aliphatic ammonium are preferred. A mixture of complex salts having different counter ions is also preferably used.

A basic organometallic complex represented by the following formula (2) is also preferable as a charge control agent imparting negative charge.

[0067]

Embedded image

The following compounds control the toner to be positively charged.

Modified nigrosine by nigrosine and metal salts of fatty acids; tributylbenzylammonium-1-
Quaternary ammonium salts such as hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, and onium salts such as phosphonium salts, which are analogs thereof, and lake pigments thereof; triphenylmethane dyes and lake pigments thereof (Examples of the lake forming agent are phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, etc.); metal salts of higher fatty acids; dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin Diorganotin oxides such as oxide and dicyclohexyltin oxide; diorganotin borates such as dibutyltin borate, dioctyltin borate and dicyclohexyltin borate; guanidine compounds; imidazole Compounds, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Of these, a triphenylmethane compound and a quaternary ammonium salt whose counter ion is not halogen are preferably used. The following equation (3)

[0071]

Embedded image [In the formula, R ₁ represents H or CH ₃ , and R ₂ and R ₃ represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (preferably C ₁ -C ₄ ). And a copolymer with a polymerizable monomer such as styrene, acrylate or methacrylate described above can be used as the positive charge control agent. In this case, the homopolymer and the copolymer have a function as a charge control agent and a function as (all or part of) a binder resin.

Particularly, a compound represented by the following formula (4) is preferable as the toner positive charge control agent of the present invention.

[0073]

Embedded image [Wherein, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and R ₆ may be the same or different from each other, and include a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. Represents an aryl group. R ₇ , R ₈ and R ₉ may be the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group. A ^- is a sulfate ion,
Anions such as nitrate ion, borate ion, phosphate ion, hydroxyl ion, organic sulfate ion, organic sulfonate ion, organic phosphate ion, carboxylate ion, organic borate ion, and tetrafluoroborate are shown. ]

As a method for incorporating the charge control agent into the toner, there are a method of adding it inside the toner particles and a method of adding it externally. The use amount of these charge control agents is determined by the type of the binder resin, the presence or absence of other additives, the toner manufacturing method including the dispersion method, and is not limited to a specific one. Preferably it is used in the range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

Next, a procedure for producing a toner by the method for producing a toner of the present invention using the above-described toner particle forming material and external additives will be described. First, in the raw material mixing step, a predetermined amount of at least a resin and a colorant are weighed and blended as the toner internal additive, and are mixed. Examples of the mixing device include a double-con mixer, a V-type mixer, a drum-type mixer, a super mixer, a Henschel mixer, and a Nauta mixer.

Next, the toner materials mixed and mixed as described above are melt-kneaded to melt the resins, and the colorant and the like are dispersed therein. In the melt kneading step, for example, a batch kneader such as a pressure kneader or a Banbury mixer or a continuous kneader can be used. In recent years, single-screw or twin-screw extruders have become the mainstream due to their superiority such as continuous production. For example, KTK-type twin-screw extruders manufactured by Kobe Steel, TEM-type twin-screw extruders manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. A twin screw extruder manufactured by Kay Kay Co., Ltd., a PCM type twin screw extruder manufactured by Ikegai Iron Works,
A bus kneader or the like is generally used. Furthermore,
The colored resin composition obtained by melt-kneading the toner raw material is rolled by two rolls or the like after melt-kneading, and then cooled through a cooling step of cooling with water cooling or the like.

The cooled product of the colored resin composition obtained as described above is then pulverized to a desired particle size in a pulverizing step.
In the pulverizing step, first, coarse pulverization is performed by a crusher, a hammer mill, a feather mill, or the like, and further finely pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer. In the pulverizing step, the toner is pulverized stepwise to a predetermined toner particle size. Further, after pulverization, the toner is classified using a classifier such as an inertial classification type elbow jet, a centrifugal force classification type microplex, or a DS separator to obtain a toner having an average particle diameter of 4 to 12 μm. Among these, a multi-split airflow classifier is particularly preferred as the classifier.

As an example of a preferred multi-split air classifier, an apparatus of the type shown in FIG. 9 (cross-sectional view) will be illustrated and described as a specific example.

In FIG. 9, the side wall 22 and the G block 2
3 forms part of the classification chamber, the classification edge blocks 24 and 25 are provided with classification edges 17 and 18. The installation position of the G block 23 can be slid right and left. Further, the classification edges 17 and 18 correspond to the shaft 17a.
And 18a can be rotated, and the classification edge can be rotated to change the classification edge tip position.
Each of the classifying edge blocks 24 and 25 can be slid right and left, and accordingly, the respective knife-edge classifying edges 17 and 18 also slide right and left. The classification area 30 of the classification chamber 32 is divided into three by the classification edges 17 and 18.

Raw material supply port 40 for introducing raw material powder
At the rear end of the material supply nozzle 16, a high pressure air supply nozzle 41 and a material powder introduction nozzle 42 at the rear end of the material supply nozzle 16, and an opening in the classifying chamber 32. The nozzle 16 is provided on the right side of the side wall 22, and the Coanda block 26 is provided so as to draw a long elliptical arc in the extending direction of the lower tangent of the raw material supply nozzle 16.
The left block 27 of the classifying chamber 32 has a knife-edge type inlet edge 19 on the right side of the classifying chamber 32, and further, on the left side of the classifying chamber 32, there are provided inlet pipes 14 and 15 opening to the classifying chamber 32. It is.

The positions of the classification edges 17 and 18, the G block 23, and the inlet edge 19 are adjusted according to the type and desired particle size of the toner to be classified.

Further, on the upper surface of the classifying chamber 32, the outlets 11, 1 opening into the classifying chamber corresponding to the respective dividing areas.
2 and 13, and communication means such as a pipe is connected to the discharge ports 11, 12 and 13, and each of them may be provided with an opening / closing means such as a valve means.

The material supply nozzle 16 comprises a right-angled cylinder and a pyramidal cylinder, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the right-angled cylinder to the inner diameter of the narrowest part of the pyramidal cylinder is 20: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 10: 1. : 1
If the ratio is set to 2: 1 from, a good introduction speed can be obtained.

The classification operation in the multi-division classification region configured as described above is performed, for example, as follows. That is, the pressure in the classification chamber is reduced through at least one of the discharge ports 11, 12, and 13, and the air flow flowing by the reduced pressure and the high-pressure air supply nozzle 41 in the raw material supply nozzle 16 having an opening in the classification chamber are injected. Due to the ejector effect of the compressed air, the powder is jetted into the classifying chamber through the raw material supply nozzle 16 at a flow rate of preferably 10 to 350 m / sec, and dispersed.

The particles in the powder introduced into the classifying chamber move in a curved line by the action of the Coanda block 26 and the action of gas such as air flowing in at that time. Depending on the particle size and the magnitude of the inertial force, large particles (coarse particles) are outside the airflow, ie, the first fraction outside the classification edge 18, and intermediate particles are the second fraction between the classification edges 18 and 17. , The small particles are classified into a third fraction inside the classification edge 17, the classified large particles are discharged from the outlet 11, the intermediate classified particles are discharged from the outlet 12, and the classified small particles are discharged. Are respectively discharged from the discharge ports 13.

In the above-mentioned classification of the powder, the classification point is mainly determined by the edge tip positions of the classification edges 17 and 18 with respect to the lower end of the Coanda block 26 where the powder jumps into the classification chamber 32. Further, the classification point is affected by the suction flow rate of the classification airflow, the speed at which the powder is ejected from the raw material supply nozzle 16, and the like.

The multi-split air classifier described above is particularly effective for classifying toner or toner colored resin powder used in an image forming method by electrophotography.

Further, in the multi-split air classifier of the type shown in FIG. 9, a raw material supply nozzle, a raw material powder introduction nozzle, and a high pressure air supply nozzle are provided on the upper surface of the multi-split air flow classifier, and the classification edge is provided. Since the position of the classifying edge block provided with the classifier can be changed so that the shape of the classifying area can be changed, the classification accuracy can be remarkably improved as compared with the conventional airflow classifier.

The toner coarse powder generated by the classification in the classification step is returned to the pulverization step again and pulverized. The fine powder generated in the classification step may be returned to the toner raw material mixing step and reused.

Further, in the toner production method of the present invention, at least an inorganic fine particle having an average particle diameter of 50 nm or less is externally added to the toner particles obtained as described above. As a method of externally adding an external additive to the toner, a predetermined amount of the classified toner and various known external additives are blended, and a high-speed stirrer for applying a shearing force to powder such as a Henschel mixer or a super mixer is used. It is preferred that the mixture is used as an adder and stirred and mixed. At this time, heat is generated inside the external additive machine and aggregates are easily generated. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the temperature by means such as cooling the periphery of the container of the external additive machine with water.

Next, a mechanical pulverizer used in the toner particle pulverization step of the present invention and a method for producing a toner using the mechanical pulverizer will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a toner particle pulverizing system incorporating a mechanical pulverizer used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the rotor rotating at high speed in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 are schematic cross-sectional views taken along the line DD 'in FIG.

In the mechanical pulverizer shown in FIG. 1, a high-speed machine comprising a casing 313, a jacket 316 in the casing 313 through which cooling water can pass, and a rotating body in the casing 313 attached to the central rotating shaft 312 is provided. A rotor 314 provided with a number of grooves on a rotating surface, a stator 310 provided with a number of grooves on a surface arranged at a constant interval on the outer periphery of the rotor 314, and
It comprises a raw material inlet 311 for introducing the raw material to be processed and a raw material outlet 302 for discharging the powder after the processing. The space between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 is a crushing zone.

In the mechanical pulverizer constructed as described above, when a predetermined amount of powder raw material is supplied from the fixed amount supply device 315 shown in FIG. 1 to the raw material input port 311 of the mechanical pulverizer,
The particles are introduced into the crushing chamber, and the rotor 31 has a large number of grooves on a surface that rotates at a high speed in the crushing chamber.
4 and the stator 310 having a large number of grooves formed on the surface thereof, and a large number of ultra-high-speed vortices generated behind the shock and high-frequency pressure vibrations generated by the impact, thereby instantaneously crushing the powder. You. Then, the raw material outlet 302
And is discharged. The air (air) carrying the toner particles passes through the pulverization processing chamber, and is supplied to the raw material discharge port 302, the pipe 219, the collection cyclone 229, and the bag filter 2.
22, and is discharged out of the system of the apparatus system through the suction blower 224. In the present invention,
Since the pulverization of the powder raw material is performed, a desired pulverization process can be easily performed without increasing fine powder and coarse powder.

As such mechanical pulverization, for example,
Examples include a pulverizer Inomaizer manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd., a crusher Kryptron manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., and a turbo mill manufactured by Turbo Kogyo.

The features of the mechanical pulverizer of the present invention are shown in FIGS.
As shown in 5, each of the rotor and the stator has a plurality of corrugated protrusions, and a recess formed between the protrusions and the protrusions. The concave portion of at least one of the stators has a flat surface at the bottom.

In the method for producing a toner according to the present invention, each of the rotor and the stator has a plurality of corrugated convex portions and a concave portion formed between the convex portions. And
By forming the concave portion of at least one of the rotor and the stator to have a flat surface at the bottom, the cross-sectional area of the concave portion can be increased, and the pressure loss at this portion can be reduced. It has been found that more efficient pulverization can be performed as compared with a pulverizer.

That is, compared with the crushing surface shape of the rotor / stator of the conventional mechanical crusher (FIGS. 6, 7 and 8), the crushing surface shape of the rotor and / or the stator of the present invention (FIG. 3). In 4 ・ 5), since the shape of the concave portion has a flat surface at the bottom, the entire portion has a trapezoidal shape, so that the pressure loss at this portion can be reduced, and the gap between the rotor and the stator can be reduced. The impact generated on the crusher becomes stronger, and the crushing efficiency is improved.

That is, the particle size distribution obtained by a conventional mechanical pulverizer can be obtained with a higher pulverization supply amount, and the toner production efficiency can be improved.

Further, since the bottom of the concave portion has curved surfaces at both ends of the flat surface, the vortex generated in this portion is
Compared with the conventional mechanical crusher (Figs. 7 and 8),
In addition, since the toner is generated efficiently, the toner production efficiency can be improved.

Further, the rotor has a convex portion formed with a curved surface, and the stator has a concave portion formed with a flat surface, so that the toner is smaller than a conventional mechanical pulverizer (FIG. 6). Since the impact force on the toner becomes stronger, efficient pulverization becomes possible, and the toner production efficiency can be improved.

Further, in the method for producing a toner according to the present invention, each of the rotor and the stator has a plurality of corrugated convex portions and a concave portion formed between the convex portions. And a concave portion of at least one of the rotor and the stator has a flat surface at a bottom portion, and rotates a slope on a rear side in a rotor rotation direction of a convex portion rising from the concave portion bottom surface of the rotor. When the first slope of the rotor is used, the first slope of the rotor is 10 ° or more on the minus side with respect to a line connecting the center of the rotation axis and the rising point (A) of the first slope of the rotor.
It is preferable to have an inclination angle (α1) of less than 0 ° (more preferably 45 °), and the slope on the front side in the rotor rotation direction of the protrusion rising from the bottom of the recess of the stator is referred to as the first stator slope. In this case, the first slope of the stator has a slope of 10 ° or more and less than 80 ° on the plus side with respect to a line connecting the center of the rotation axis and the rising point (A ′) of the first slope of the stator. It is preferable that the rotor has an angle (β1) (more preferably 45 °), and when the slope on the front side in the rotor rotation direction of the projection rising from the bottom of the recess of the rotor is the rotor second slope, The second child slope preferably has an inclination angle (α2) of less than 20 ° on the plus side with a line connecting the center of the rotation axis and the vertex (C) of the second slope of the rotor as a reference line (furthermore, Preferably 10 °) and rise from the bottom of the recess of the stator. If the slope on the rear side in the rotor rotation direction of the portion is the stator second slope, the stator second slope is a line connecting the center of the rotation axis and the top (C ′) of the stator second slope. As a reference line, it is preferable to have an inclination angle (β2) of less than 20 ° on the minus side (more preferably 10 °).

Further, in the method for producing a toner according to the present invention, in the cross section of the rotor or stator on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis direction (FIGS. 3, 4, and 5), the height H of the projection is 1. 00
To 3.00 mm (more preferably 2.00 mm), and the length L of the flat surface at the bottom of the recess is 0.60 to 2.00 mm (more preferably 1.4 mm).
mm). Further, the height H of the convex portion
And the length L of the flat surface at the bottom of the recess preferably satisfies the following relationship: 0.25H ≦ L ≦ 2.5H.

Further, in the method for producing a toner according to the present invention, the length of the upper surface of the convex portion of the rotor and / or the stator is L2, and the length of the surface facing the upper surface of the convex portion is L3. In this case, it is preferable that L2 and L3 satisfy the following condition: L2 <L3.

That is, by satisfying the above-mentioned rules and relationships, the particle size distribution obtained by the conventional mechanical pulverizer can be obtained at a higher pulverized supply amount, and the toner production efficiency can be improved.

Further, in the method for producing toner particles of the present invention, the mechanical pulverizer is operated by controlling the surface roughness of the pulverized surface of the rotor and / or the stator in the mechanical pulverizer to an appropriate state. If, for example, the surface shape of the toner can be arbitrarily controlled, and even in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, a good long-life toner having good developability, transferability, and stable chargeability can be obtained. The occurrence of fog is suppressed,
It was found that the toner can be uniformly applied onto the developer carrying member, and a toner that can efficiently and uniformly tribocharge toner particles can be obtained.

That is, as a result of the examination by the present inventors, the center line average roughness Ra of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator was 2.0 μm or more, more preferably 2.0 to 10.0 μm.
m, and a maximum height Ry of 25.0 μm or more, more preferably 25.0 to 60.0 μm, and a ten-point average roughness Rz of 20.0 μm or more, more preferably 20.0 to 40.0 μm. Is preferred. The center line average roughness Ra of the crushed surfaces of the rotor and the stator is 2.0 μm or more, more preferably 2.0 to 10.0 μm, and the maximum height R
y is 25.0 μm or more, more preferably 25.0 to 6
The surface shape of the toner can be arbitrarily controlled by controlling the surface roughness of the toner to 0.0 μm, and the ten-point average roughness Rz to 20.0 μm or more, more preferably 20.0 to 40.0 μm. With good developability, transferability, and stable chargeability, a long-life toner can be obtained.Furthermore, the occurrence of fog in the non-image area is suppressed,
The toner can be uniformly applied on the developer carrying member, and a toner that can efficiently and uniformly tribocharge toner particles can be obtained.

The value of each analysis parameter of the surface roughness can be measured by a non-contact laser focus displacement meter L.
T-8100 (manufactured by Keyence Corporation) and surface shape measurement software Tres-ValleLite (Mitani Corporation)
(Manufactured by K.K.), the measurement points were randomly shifted, measurement was performed several times, and the average value was obtained. At this time, the reference length was set to 8 mm, the cutoff value was set to 0.8 mm, and the moving speed was set to 90 μm / sec.
Was measured.

In the analysis parameters of the surface roughness,
The “center line average height Ra” is obtained by extracting a portion of the reference length L from the roughness curve in the direction of the center line, setting the center line of the extracted portion as the X axis and the direction of the vertical magnification as the Z axis. When the curve is represented by Z = f (x), it is determined by obtaining the following equation.

[0110]

(Equation 1)

The “maximum height Ry” is obtained by extracting a reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of the average line, and determining the distance between the peak and the valley bottom of the extracted portion in the direction of the longitudinal magnification of the roughness curve. To be determined. "Ten-point average roughness Rz" is a value obtained by extracting a reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of the average line and measuring the average length of the extracted portion in the direction of the vertical magnification from the highest peak to the fifth peak. It is determined by calculating the sum of the average of the absolute values of the peak elevations and the average of the absolute values of the valley bottom elevations from the lowest valley bottom to the fifth.

Further, in the method for producing a toner according to the present invention, the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator of the mechanical crusher is subjected to a surface treatment, so that the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and the stator is improved. Can be controlled to the above-mentioned condition, and a long-lasting toner having good developability, transferability, and stable chargeability can be obtained from the beginning even in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment. It was found that the generation was suppressed, the toner could be uniformly applied on the developer carrying member, and a toner that could efficiently and uniformly tribocharge the toner particles was obtained.

As the surface treatment method, known methods are used, and among them, the surface treatment by thermal spraying is most preferable.

[0114] The thermal spraying is a surface processing technique in which a powder material is melted by using high thermal energy of thermal plasma and sprayed on a material surface to form a film.

Examples of the thermal spraying method include high-speed flame thermal spraying, ceramic thermal spraying, aluminum thermal spraying, plasma thermal spraying, arc thermal spraying and the like. Among them, the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and the stator is adjusted to the above condition. It has been found that high-speed flame spraying is the most preferable as a controllable spraying method.

In the high-speed flame spraying method, the powder for thermal spraying is placed in a nitrogen gas stream and the hydrocarbon (propylene, acetylene +
This is a method in which propylene, propane, etc.) and oxygen are mixed and supplied into a fuel gas, and the molten gas is injected at high speed toward a base material to form a coating layer. Further, after the high-speed flame spraying treatment, the abrasion resistance can be improved by heating and melting the sprayed coating again.

That is, the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator is subjected to high-speed flame spraying, and the sprayed coating is heated and melted again, whereby the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator is determined by the above formula. It is possible to stably crush the toner for a long time without causing the wear of the crushing surfaces of the rotor and the stator to occur in a short time,
It is also preferable in toner production efficiency.

Further, in the method for producing a toner of the present invention, the abrasion resistance of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator is improved by the above-mentioned surface treatment, and the toner is crushed by a mechanical crusher having a controlled surface roughness. A specific surface area per unit volume Sb (m ² / cm ³ ) of the toner classified by a multi-split air classifier of the type shown in FIG.
And the relationship between the specific surface area St (m ² / cm ³ ) per unit volume calculated from the weight average diameter assuming that the toner is a true sphere satisfies the following condition: Sb / St ≧ 1.8 It is more preferable that the following condition is satisfied: 1.8 ≦ Sb / St ≦ 2.5.

That is, the toner B crushed by the machine element crusher and classified by the multi-split airflow classifier of the type shown in FIG.
Specific surface area S per unit volume measured by ET method
b and weight average diameter (D4) assuming that the toner is a true sphere
Specific surface area St (St = 6)
/ D4) satisfies Sb / St ≧ 1.8, and further satisfies 1.8 ≦ Sb / St ≦ 2.5, so that good developability and transfer can be achieved from the beginning even in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment. , And a long-life toner having stable charging properties, and furthermore, the occurrence of fog in the non-image area is suppressed,
The toner can be uniformly applied on the developer carrying member, and a toner that can efficiently and uniformly tribocharge toner particles can be obtained.

The specific surface area was determined by adsorbing nitrogen gas on the sample surface using a specific surface area measuring device Autosorb 1 (manufactured by Yuasa Ionics) according to the BET method, and calculating the specific surface area using the BET multipoint method.

The average particle size and the particle size distribution of the toner were measured by using a Coulter Counter TA-II or a Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Coulter Co., Ltd.).
An interface for outputting volume distribution (manufactured by Nikkaki) and a PC9801 personal computer (manufactured by NEC) were connected, and the electrolyte was 1% Na
Prepare a Cl aqueous solution. For example, ISOTONR-I
I (manufactured by Coulter Scientific Japan) can be used. As a measuring method, the electrolytic aqueous solution 100 to
In 150 ml, 0.1 to 5 ml of a surfactant (preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate) is added as a dispersant, and 2 to 20 mg of a measurement sample is further added. The electrolytic solution in which the sample was suspended was subjected to a dispersion treatment for about 1 to 3 minutes by an ultrasonic disperser, and a 2 μm
The volume and the number of the toner were measured to calculate the volume distribution and the number distribution. Then, a volume-based weight average particle diameter (D4) determined from the volume distribution according to the present invention and a number-based length average particle diameter (D1) determined from the number distribution were determined.

Next, the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator is subjected to the above-described surface treatment, and the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator is controlled under the above-mentioned condition. When the pulverized raw material is pulverized by the pulverizer, it is preferable that the cool air generating means 319 sends cold air into the mechanical pulverizer together with the powder raw material. Further, the temperature of the cold air is 0 to-
Preferably it is 18 ° C. Further, as the internal cooling means of the mechanical crusher main body, the mechanical crusher preferably has a structure having a jacket structure 316, and it is preferable to pass cooling water (preferably, antifreeze such as ethylene glycol). Further, the room temperature T1 in the spiral chamber 212 communicating with the powder introduction port in the mechanical pulverizer is reduced to 0 ° C. or lower, more preferably −5 to −15 ° C., and still more preferably −7 by the above-described cool air device and jacket structure. The temperature is preferably from -12 ° C. from the viewpoint of toner productivity. The room temperature T1 of the vortex chamber in the crusher is set to 0.
C. or lower, more preferably −5 to −15 ° C., and still more preferably −7 to −12 ° C., the surface deterioration of the toner due to heat can be suppressed, and the pulverized raw material can be efficiently pulverized. Room temperature T1 of the swirl chamber in the crusher is 0 ° C
In the case where the ratio exceeds the above, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of toner productivity because the surface of the toner is liable to be degraded due to heat during the pulverization and the in-machine fusion is easily caused.

As the refrigerant used in the cold air generating means 319, an alternative chlorofluorocarbon is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental problems on the whole earth.

As substitute Freon, R134a, R40
4A, R407c, R410A, R507A, R717
Among them, R404A is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving and safety.

The cooling water (preferably an antifreeze such as ethylene glycol) is supplied into the jacket from a cooling water supply port 317 and discharged from a cooling water discharge port 318.

The finely pulverized product generated in the mechanical pulverizer passes through the rear chamber 320 of the mechanical pulverizer and is supplied to the powder outlet 3.
02 is discharged outside the machine. At this time, it is preferable that the room temperature T2 of the rear chamber 320 of the mechanical pulverizer is 30 to 60 ° C. from the viewpoint of toner productivity. Rear chamber 3 of mechanical crusher
By setting the room temperature T2 of 30 to 30 to 60 ° C., it is possible to suppress surface deterioration of the toner due to heat, and it is possible to efficiently pulverize the raw material. If the temperature T2 of the mechanical pulverizer is lower than 30 ° C., a short path may occur without being pulverized, which is not preferable in terms of toner performance. On the other hand, when the temperature is higher than 60 ° C., the toner may be excessively pulverized at the time of pulverization, and the surface of the toner may be deteriorated by heat or may be easily fused in the apparatus.

When the pulverized raw material is pulverized by the mechanical pulverizer, the room temperature T1 of the spiral chamber 212 of the mechanical pulverizer and the rear chamber 3 are reduced.
The temperature difference ΔT (T2−T1) of the room temperature T2 of 20 to 40 to 7
0 ° C., more preferably 42 to 67 ° C.
° C, more preferably 45 to 65 ° C, from the viewpoint of toner productivity. ΔT between the temperature T1 and the temperature T2 of the mechanical pulverizer is 40 to 70 ° C., more preferably 42 ° C.
By setting the temperature at -67 ° C., more preferably at 45-65 ° C., the deterioration of the surface of the toner due to heat can be suppressed, and the pulverized raw material can be efficiently pulverized. If ΔT between the temperature T1 and the temperature T2 of the mechanical pulverizer is smaller than 40 ° C., a short path may occur without being pulverized, which is not preferable in terms of toner performance. Also, 7
If the temperature is higher than 0 ° C., it may be excessively pulverized at the time of pulverization, and the surface of the toner may be deteriorated by heat or may be easily fused in the apparatus.

Further, when the pulverized raw material is pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the glass point transfer (Tg) of the binder resin is 45 to 7
5 ° C, more preferably 55 to 65 ° C. Further, the room temperature T1 of the spiral chamber 212 of the mechanical pulverizer is expressed by:
It is preferable that the temperature is 0 ° C. or lower and 60 to 75 ° C. lower than Tg from the viewpoint of toner productivity. The room temperature T1 of the spiral chamber 212 of the mechanical crusher is 0 ° C. or less and Tg
By lowering the temperature by 60 to 75 ° C., deterioration of the surface of the toner due to heat can be suppressed, and the pulverized raw material can be efficiently pulverized. Also, the rear chamber 3 of the mechanical crusher
The room temperature T2 of 20 is 5 to 30 ° C. higher than Tg, and furthermore,
Preferably, it is lower by 10 to 20 ° C. By lowering the room temperature T2 of the rear chamber 320 of the mechanical pulverizer by 5 to 30 ° C., more preferably 10 to 20 ° C. below Tg, it is possible to suppress the surface deterioration of the toner due to heat, and to efficiently pulverize the raw material. can do.

In the present invention, the glass transition point Tg of the binder resin is determined by a differential thermal analyzer (DSC measurement device),
-7 (manufactured by PerkinElmer) under the following conditions. Sample: 5 to 20 mg, preferably 10 mg Temperature curve: Temperature rise I (20 ° C. → 180 ° C., temperature rise rate 10 ° C./min.) Temperature fall I (180 ° C. → 10 ° C., temperature fall rate 10 ° C./min.) II (10 ° C. → 180 ° C., heating rate 10 ° C./min.) Tg measured at the heating II is defined as a measured value. Measurement method: Place the sample in an aluminum pan and use an empty aluminum pan as a reference. The intersection between the line at the midpoint of the baseline before and after the endothermic peak appeared and the differential heat curve was defined as the glass transition point Tg.

The peripheral speed of the tip of the rotating rotor 314 is preferably 80 to 180 m / sec.
It is more preferably 90 to 170 m / sec, and still more preferably 100 to 160 m / sec, from the viewpoint of toner productivity. The peripheral speed of the rotating rotor 314 is set to 80 to 180 m / sec, more preferably 90 to 170 m / sec.
m / sec, more preferably 100 to 160 m / sec
By doing so, insufficient pulverization and excessive pulverization of the toner can be suppressed, and the pulverized raw material can be efficiently pulverized. If the peripheral speed of the rotor is lower than 80 m / sec, it is not preferable in terms of toner performance because a short path is easily generated without being pulverized. Also, the peripheral speed of the rotor 314 is 180
If the speed is higher than m / sec, the load on the apparatus itself is increased, and at the same time, the toner is excessively pulverized at the time of pulverization.

The minimum distance between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 is preferably 0.5 to 10.0 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mm, and still more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mm. It is preferably 3.0 mm. Rotor 3
0.5 to 10.0 m between the stator 14 and the stator 310
m, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mm, and still more preferably 1.0 to 3.0 mm, it is possible to suppress insufficient pulverization of the toner and excessive pulverization, and to pulverize the pulverized raw material efficiently. it can. If the distance between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 is larger than 10.0 mm, it is not preferable in terms of toner performance because a short path is easily generated without being pulverized. If the distance between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 is smaller than 0.5 mm, the load on the apparatus itself increases, and at the same time, the toner is over-pulverized at the time of pulverization, and the surface of the toner is likely to deteriorate due to heat and fuse in the apparatus. Therefore, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of toner productivity.

[0132]

Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples of the present invention.

Example 1 Binder resin (polyester resin): 100 parts by mass (Tg 59 ° C., acid value 20 mg KOH / g, hydroxyl value 30 mg KOH / g, molecular weight: Mp6800, Mn2900, Mw53000) Magnetic iron oxide: 90 parts by mass (average particle diameter 0.20 [mu] m, the characteristics in 795.8 kA / m magnetic field ^{Hc9.1kA /m,σs82.1Am 2 /kg,σr11.4Am 2 / kg)} · monoazo metal complex (negative charge control agent) : 3 parts by weight-Low molecular weight ethylene-propylene copolymer: 3 parts by weight The above-mentioned formulation was mixed with a Henschel mixer (FM-75).
The mixture was well mixed with a mold and Mitsui Miike Kakoki Co., Ltd.), and then kneaded with a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30, manufactured by Ikegai Iron Works Co., Ltd.) set at a temperature of 150 ° C. The obtained kneaded material was cooled and coarsely pulverized to 1 mm or less with a hammer mill to obtain a powder raw material (coarse pulverized material) as a powder raw material for toner production.

The obtained powdery raw material was converted into a mechanical pulverizer 301 (Turbo Mill T250-RS manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd.) shown in FIG.
The mold was finely pulverized by a remodeling machine modified as follows), and the obtained finely pulverized product was classified by a multi-split airflow classifier 1 shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, the crushing surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical crusher 301 are of the type shown in FIG.
4 and a crushed surface of the stator 310 are subjected to high-speed flame spraying, and then subjected to an abrasion-resistant treatment of heating and melting the sprayed coating again. The surface roughness, the center line average roughness Ra is 4.0 μm, and the maximum height Ry is set to 22.5 μm, the ten-point average roughness was 14.7 μm, the peripheral speed of the rotor 314 was 115 m / s, the gap between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 was 1.5 mm, and the weight average particle diameter was 7.4 μm. With the aim of obtaining the toner of the formula (1), pulverization was performed by adjusting the amount of pulverized supply.

As a result, the amount of pulverized feed was 19.5 kg / h.
r and the grinding efficiency ratio was 1.3. The grinding efficiency ratio was expressed as a ratio of the supply amount under each condition when the supply amount of Comparative Example 3 was 1.0.

At this time, the temperature of the cold air is -15 ° C., the temperature T1 of the spiral chamber in the mechanical pulverizer is -10 ° C., and the temperature T
2 was 40 ° C., and ΔT of T1 and T2 was 50 ° C. Further, Tg-T1 was 70 ° C. and Tg-T2 was 18 ° C.

Next, the finely pulverized product obtained by pulverization by the mechanical pulverizer 301 is introduced into the airflow type classifier 1 having the structure shown in FIG. 3μ
m was obtained.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.74 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.82 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.1. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

To 100 parts by mass of the toner, 1.0 part by mass of dry silica having a primary particle diameter of 12 nm, which had been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with hexamethyldisilazane and silicone oil, was added, followed by external addition and mixing with a Henschel mixer. The evaluation toner 1 was obtained.

Using this toner, NP63 manufactured by Canon
The following items were evaluated using a modified 50 copier.

<Evaluation-1> (Application State of Toner on Surface of Carrier) 330 g of the toner for evaluation is put in a developing device and left overnight (12 hours or more) in a low-temperature and low-humidity room (15 ° C., 10%). An external drive device is used to rotate the developer carrier gear. The state of toner application on the surface of the developer carrier is visually observed for 10 minutes from the start of rotation.
The evaluation levels are shown below. In this example, as shown in Table 2, the surface state of the support was extremely uniform. ：: The surface state of the carrier is extremely uniform. △: The surface state of the carrier is uniform, but ripples are seen on a very small portion. Δ: A ripple pattern is visible on a part of the surface of the carrier. Δ ×: A ripple pattern is visible on the entire surface of the carrier. ×: Ripples grow on the surface of the carrier, and some irregularities are clearly visible. XX: The unevenness on the surface of the carrier spreads over the entire surface and is clearly visible.

<Evaluation-2> (Fog) 330 g of the toner for evaluation was put in a developing device and left overnight (12 hours or more) in a low-temperature and low-humidity room (15 ° C., 10%). Using the density evaluation chart, 200 images are output. Before and after this, the fog in the solid white image is measured. The evaluation levels are shown below.

Reflection measuring machine REFLECTM for fog measurement
The reflectance of the white image and the unused paper is measured by ETER (Tokyo Denshoku Co., Ltd.), and the difference between the two is regarded as fog. In this example, as shown in Table 2, the difference in fog was 0.1% or less. Unused paper reflectance-solid white reflectance = fog% ％: fog less than 0.1% △: fog 0.1 to 0.5% ：: fog 0.5 to 1.0% ×: fog 1. 0 to 1.5% ×: fog 1.5 to 2.0% xx: fog 2.0% or more

<Evaluation-3> (Negative sleeve ghost) As shown in FIG. 11, there is a solid black image in a block shape for one rotation of the toner carrier, and an image in which a halftone solid image is continuously printed below the solid black image. The evaluation was made based on the image density difference of the negative ghost at that time. Specifically, it is a value obtained by subtracting the image density of the area A from the image density of the area B in FIG. (If the shape is close to a sphere, the rate of increase in the amount of charge during frictional charging is large, so if the number of times of friction on the sleeve increases in machines such as high-speed machines, new toner is supplied when new toner is supplied. The difference in charge amount of the toner increases, causing a ghost phenomenon that causes a difference in image density.In this case, especially in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, the charge amount of the old toner on the sleeve is higher than that of the replenished new toner. , The old toner exhibits a negative sleeve ghost phenomenon in which the image density is higher.)

In this embodiment, the difference between the image densities of B and A was less than 0.2 as shown in Table 2. Difference in image density between B and A: 〇: 0.0 to 0.2 〇 △: 0.3 to 0.5 Δ: 0.6 to 0.8 ×: 0.8 to 1.0 Δ ×: 1. 1 or more

[Example 2] The surface roughness and the center line average roughness Ra of the crushed surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical grinder 301 are 6.3 µm, and the maximum height Ry is 34.2 µm.
Example 1 except that m and the ten-point average roughness were 22.8 μm.
In the same manner as in Example 1, an evaluation toner 2 was obtained.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 21 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.4.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl chamber temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 41 ° C., and T1 and T
The ΔT of 2 was 51 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 19 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.2 μm.
m.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.73 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.83 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.1. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Evaluation Toner 2. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

Example 3 The surface roughness and the center line average roughness Ra of the crushed surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical crusher 301 were 8.2 μm, and the maximum height Ry was 44.1 μm.
m and the ten-point average roughness were set to 29.2 μm, to obtain an evaluation toner 3 in the same manner as in Example 1.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 21 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.4.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl indoor temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 43 ° C., and T1 and T
The ΔT of 2 was 53 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 17 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm.
m.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.76 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.81 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.2. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Evaluation Toner 3. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

Example 4 The evaluation toner 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the crushing surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical crusher 301 were of the type shown in FIG. Obtained.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 24 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.6.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl chamber temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 54 ° C., and T1 and T
ΔT of 2 was 64 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 6 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.3 μm.
Met.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.46 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.82 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.1. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Evaluation Toner 4. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

Example 5 An evaluation toner 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the crushing surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical crusher 301 were of the type shown in FIG. Obtained.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle diameter of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 25.5 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.7.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the temperature of the cold air was -15 ° C, the temperature T1 of the swirl chamber in the mechanical pulverizer was -10 ° C, the temperature T2 of the rear chamber was 54 ° C, and T1 and T
ΔT of 2 was 64 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 6 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.2 μm.
Met.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.53 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.83 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.1. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Evaluation Toner 5. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

Example 6 An evaluation toner 6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the crushing surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical pulverizer 301 were of the type shown in FIG. Obtained.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 25.5 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.7.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl chamber temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 56 ° C., and T1 and T
The ΔT of 2 was 66 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 4 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm.
Met.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.50 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.81 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.1. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a toner 6 for evaluation. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

Example 7 The evaluation toner 7 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the crushing surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical crusher 301 were of the type shown in FIG. Obtained.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 25.5 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.7.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl chamber temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 30 ° C., and T1 and T
The ΔT of 2 was 40 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 30 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.3 μm.
m.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 2.07 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.82 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.2. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Evaluation Toner 7. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

Example 8 The evaluation toner 8 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the crushing surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical pulverizer 301 were of the type shown in FIG. Obtained.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 25.5 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.7.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl chamber temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 31 ° C., and T1 and T
The ΔT of 2 was 41 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 29 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.2 μm.
m.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.97 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.83 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.1. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Evaluation Toner 8. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

Example 9 The evaluation toner 9 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the crushing surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical pulverizer 301 were of the type shown in FIG. Obtained. To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 25.5 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.7.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl chamber temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 32 ° C., and T1 and T
The ΔT of 2 was 42 ° C. Tg-T1 is 70
° C and Tg-T2 were 28 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm.
m.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 1.98 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.81 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.2. This is a mechanical crusher 30
This is probably because the surface roughness of the crushed surfaces of the first rotor 314 and the stator 310 was appropriately controlled.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a toner 9 for evaluation. As a result, as shown in Table 2, favorable results were obtained in all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2, and Evaluation 3.

[Embodiment 10] The surface roughness and the center line average roughness Ra of the crushed surfaces of the rotor 314 and the stator 310 of the mechanical crusher 301 are 13.6 μm, and the maximum height Ry is 69.2.
Example 1 except that μm and ten-point average roughness were 42.2 μm.
In the same manner as in Example 1, an evaluation toner 10 was obtained.

To obtain a toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm, the supply amount of pulverization was 21 kg / hr, and the pulverization efficiency ratio was 1.4.

When the powder raw material was pulverized by a mechanical pulverizer, the cold air temperature was −15 ° C., the swirl chamber temperature T1 in the mechanical pulverizer was −10 ° C., the rear indoor temperature T2 was 45 ° C., and T1 and T
The ΔT of 2 was 55 ° C. Tg-T1 is 69
° C and Tg-T2 were 14 ° C. The medium powder (classified product) classified in the classification step has a weight average particle size of 7.5 μm.
m.

The BET specific surface area per volume Sb of the obtained toner was 2.06 m ² / cm ³ , and the theoretical specific surface area St per volume was 0.80 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, S
b / St was 2.6.

The obtained toner was externally added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a toner 10 for evaluation. As a result, as shown in Table 2, all the evaluations 1, 2, and 3 were lower than those in Example 1 but were within the practical range.

[0191]

[Table 1]

[0192]

[Table 2]

[Comparative Example 1] A toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 µm was obtained from the powder raw material used in the examples by using a mechanical pulverizer equipped with a rotor and a stator of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 1. For this purpose, the pulverized amount was adjusted and pulverized. The obtained finely pulverized product was classified by a multi-division airflow classifier 1 shown in FIG.

As a result, a toner having a weight average particle diameter of 7.4 μm was obtained at a pulverized supply amount of 10.5 kg / hr, but the pulverization efficiency ratio was inferior to that of Example 8.

The rotor and the stator were subjected to high-speed flame spraying to have a center line average roughness Ra of 6.2 μm, a maximum height Ry of 34.5 μm, and a ten-point average roughness of 22.7 μm. .

The peripheral speed of the rotor 314 is set at 115 m /
s, the gap between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 was 1.5 mm.

At this time, the temperature of the cold air is -15 ° C., the temperature T1 of the spiral chamber in the mechanical pulverizer is -10 ° C., and the temperature T
2 was 35 ° C., and ΔT of T1 and T2 was 45 ° C. Further, Tg-T1 was 60 ° C., and Tg-T2 was 25 ° C.

At this time, the finely pulverized product obtained by pulverization with the mechanical pulverizer 301 has a BET specific surface area Sb of 2.55 m ² / cm ³ per volume of the obtained toner, and The theoretical specific surface area St was 0.81 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, Sb / St was 3.15.

Next, the finely pulverized product obtained by pulverization by the mechanical pulverizer 301 is introduced into the air-flow type classifier 1 having the configuration shown in FIG. 9 at a supply rate of 13 kg / hr, and classified.
A toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm was obtained.

The intermediate powder was subjected to an external addition and mixing treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a comparative evaluation toner 1. As a result, as shown in Table 3, all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2 and Evaluation 3 were inferior results as compared with Example 8, and satisfactory results were not obtained.

[Comparative Example 2] The powder raw material used in the example was prepared by converting the powder raw material into a mechanical pulverizer equipped with a rotor and a stator shown in FIG. In order to obtain the toner of the formula (1), the pulverized amount was adjusted and pulverized, and the obtained finely pulverized product was classified by a multi-division airflow classifier 1 shown in FIG.

As a result, a toner having a weight average particle diameter of 7.4 μm was obtained at a pulverized supply amount of 12 kg / hr, but the pulverization efficiency ratio was inferior to that of Example 8.

The rotor and the stator were subjected to high-speed flame spraying to have a center line average roughness Ra of 6.3 μm, a maximum roughness Ry of 34.5 μm, and a ten-point average roughness of 22.7 μm. .

Further, the peripheral speed of the rotor 314 is set to 115 m /
s, the gap between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 was 1.5 mm.

At this time, the temperature of the cold air is -15 ° C., the temperature T1 of the spiral chamber in the mechanical crusher is -10 ° C., and the temperature T
2 was 35 ° C., and ΔT of T1 and T2 was 45 ° C. Further, Tg-T1 was 60 ° C., and Tg-T2 was 25 ° C.

At this time, the finely pulverized product obtained by pulverization by the mechanical pulverizer 301 has a BET specific surface area Sb of 2.53 m ² / cm ³ per volume of the obtained toner, and The theoretical specific surface area St was 0.81 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, Sb / St was 3.12.

Next, the finely pulverized product obtained by pulverization by the mechanical pulverizer 301 is introduced into the air-flow type classifier 1 having the configuration shown in FIG. 9 at a supply rate of 15 kg / hr, and classified.
A toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm was obtained.

The middle powder was subjected to external addition and mixing in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain Comparative Evaluation Toner 2. As a result, as shown in Table 3, all of Evaluation 1, Evaluation 2 and Evaluation 3 were inferior results as compared with Example 8, and satisfactory results were not obtained.

[Comparative Example 3] The powder raw material used in the example was obtained by using a mechanical pulverizer equipped with a rotor and a stator of the embodiment shown in FIG. In order to obtain the toner of Comparative Example 3, the obtained finely pulverized product was classified by a multi-split air classifier 1 shown in FIG.

As a result, a toner having a weight average particle diameter of 7.4 μm could be obtained at a pulverized supply amount of 15 kg / hr, but the pulverization efficiency ratio was inferior to that of Example 8.

The rotor and the stator were subjected to high-speed flame spraying to have a center line average roughness Ra of 6.5 μm, a maximum roughness Ry of 34.1 μm, and a ten-point average roughness of 23.7 μm. .

The peripheral speed of the rotor 314 is set to 115 m /
s, the gap between the rotor 314 and the stator 310 was 1.5 mm.

At this time, the temperature of the cold air is -15 ° C., the temperature T1 of the spiral chamber in the mechanical pulverizer is -10 ° C., and the temperature T
2 was 37 ° C., and ΔT of T1 and T2 was 47 ° C. Further, Tg-T1 was 60 ° C., and Tg-T2 was 23 ° C.

At this time, the finely pulverized product obtained by pulverizing with the mechanical pulverizer 301 has a BET specific surface area Sb of 1.75 m ² / cm ³ per volume of the obtained toner, and The theoretical specific surface area St was 0.82 m ² / cm ³ . Therefore, Sb / St was 2.1.

Next, the finely pulverized product obtained by pulverization by the mechanical pulverizer 301 is introduced into the air-flow type classifier 1 having the configuration shown in FIG. 9 at a supply rate of 18 kg / hr, and classified.
A toner having a weight average particle size of 7.4 μm was obtained.

The middle powder was subjected to external addition and mixing in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a comparative evaluation toner 3. As a result, as shown in Table 4, Evaluation 3 was slightly inferior to Example 8, but was within a practical range.

[0219]

[Table 3]

[0218]

[Table 4]

[0219]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a method for producing toner using a mechanical pulverizer, the rotor in the mechanical pulverizer and the surface roughness of the pulverized surface of the stator are provided. The surface shape of the toner can be controlled by operating the mechanical pulverizer while controlling the surface to an appropriate state, and good developability, transferability, and stable chargeability from the beginning even in a low temperature and low humidity environment. Having a long service life, and furthermore, there is no fog in the non-image area or the generation of fog is suppressed, and the toner can be uniformly applied on the developer carrying member, and the toner particles can be efficiently removed. The present invention provides a method for producing a toner which can be uniformly triboelectrically charged.

Further, according to the present invention, each of the rotor and the stator has a plurality of corrugated protrusions and a recess formed between the protrusions. Since the concave portion of at least one of the rotor and the stator has a flat surface at the bottom, more efficient pulverization can be performed as compared with a conventional mechanical pulverizer, and a small particle size distribution can be obtained. Provided is a method for producing a toner capable of obtaining a particle size toner with high production efficiency.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an example of a mechanical pulverizer used in a pulverizing step of a toner of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the rotor shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the mechanical crusher of FIG. 1 taken along the line DD ′.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the mechanical crusher of the present invention, taken along the line DD ′.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line DD ′ in still another embodiment of the mechanical pulverizer of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line DD ′ in a conventional mechanical pulverizer.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line DD ′ in a conventional mechanical pulverizer.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line DD ′ in a conventional mechanical pulverizer.

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of a multi-split airflow classifier preferably used in the toner classifying step of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional collision-type airflow pulverizer.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a test example of a negative sleeve ghost.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Multi-divider classifier 11, 12, 13: Outlet 14, 15 Inlet tube 16: Raw material supply nozzle 17, 18: Classification edge 19: Inlet edge 21: First quantitative feeder 22, 23: Side wall 24, 25 : Classification edge block 26: Coanda block 27: Left block 30: Classification area 32: Classification room 40: Raw material supply port 41: High pressure air supply nozzle 42: Raw material powder introduction nozzle 161: High pressure gas supply nozzle 162: Acceleration tube 163 : Acceleration tube outlet 164: Collision member 165: Powder material supply port 166: Collision surface 167: Pulverized material discharge port 168: Pulverization chamber 212: Spiral chamber 219: Pipe 220: Distributor 222: Bag filter 224: Suction blower 229 ： Collection cyclone 301 ： Mechanical crusher 302 ： Powder outlet 310 ： Fixed 311: Powder input port 312: Rotating shaft 313: Casing 314: Rotor 315: First metering device 316: Jacket 317: Cooling water supply port 318: Cooling water outlet 319: Cold air generating means 320: Rear chamber 321, 329: Waveform shape of stator protrusion 322, 330: Flat surface at bottom of stator recess 323, 331: Trapezoidal shape of stator recess 324: Waveform shape of rotor unevenness 325: Waveform shape of stator unevenness 326, 332: trapezoidal shape of rotor concave portion 327, 333: flat surface at the bottom of rotor concave portion 328, 334: waveform shape of rotor convex portion 335: waveform shape of concave and convex portion of stator 336: waveform shape of concave and convex portion of rotor 337: first slope of rotor 338: second slope of rotor 339: first slope of stator 340: second slope of stator 341: rotor powder Crushing blade 342: Stator grinding blade 343: Rotor protrusion 344: Rotor recess 345: Stator protrusion 346: Stator recess

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G03G 9/08 G03G 9/08 381 9/083 101 321 (72) Inventor Tsuneo Nakanishi Tsuneo 3 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Chome 30-2 Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Shinichi Iwata 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo F-term (reference) 2H005 AA02 AA15 AB04 EA03 EA05 EA07 EA10 4D063 FF14 FF21 FF37 GA10 GC05 GC12 GC21 GC32 GD02 GD19 GD22 GD24 4D067 EE07 EE34 GA16 GB01

Claims (30)

[Claims] 1. A mixture containing at least a binder resin and a colorant is melt-kneaded, the obtained kneaded material is cooled, the cooled material is coarsely pulverized, and the coarsely pulverized material is finely pulverized by a pulverizing means. And a weight average particle diameter of 4 to 12
In the method for producing a toner for producing a μm toner, the pulverizing means is a mechanical pulverizer, and the mechanical pulverizer has Inlet, stator, at least a rotor attached to the central rotating shaft, at least having a powder outlet for discharging the finely pulverized powder from the pulverizing means,
The stator includes the rotor, and the rotor is arranged so as to have a predetermined gap between the surface of the stator and the surface of the rotor to form a grinding zone. The coarsely pulverized material is finely pulverized with the rotation of the rotor. The rotor and the stator each include a plurality of corrugated convex portions, and a concave portion formed between the convex portions. And having
The concave portion of at least one of the rotor and the stator has a flat surface at the bottom, and a first inclined surface on the rotor rotation direction rear side of a convex portion rising from the concave portion bottom surface of the rotor, The first rotor slope has a tilt angle (α1) of not less than 10 ° and less than 80 ° on a minus side with respect to a line connecting the center of the rotation axis and a rising point of the first slope of the rotor as a reference line, A first slope of the stator is defined as a slope on the front side in the rotor rotation direction of the protrusion rising from the bottom face of the recess of the stator, and the first slope of the stator is formed between the center of the rotation axis and the first slope recess of the stator. With reference to a line connecting the points (A ′), a slope angle (β1) of 10 ° or more and less than 80 ° on the plus side, and the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator is The following conditions Ra ≧ 2.0 μm [where Ra represents the center line average roughness. And the toner pulverized by the mechanical pulverizer is the BE of the toner.
Specific surface area per unit volume Sb measured by T method
(M ² / cm ³⁾ and, the specific surface area per unit volume calculated from the weight average diameter when assuming a toner and sphericity St (m ²
/ Cm ³ ) satisfies the following condition: Sb / St ≧ 1.8. 2. A second slope of the rotor, the slope of the protrusion rising from the bottom face of the recess of the rotor in the rotor rotation direction being the second slope of the rotor, the center of the rotation axis and the second slope of the rotor. The line connecting the vertex (C) to
The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has an inclination angle (α2) of less than 0 °. 3. A second slope of the stator, wherein a slope rising from a bottom face of the recess of the stator on the rear side in the rotor rotation direction is a stator second slope, wherein the stator second slope is a rotation axis center and the stator second slope. The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a tilt angle (β2) of less than 20 ° on the minus side with respect to a line connecting the vertex (C ′) of the toner as a reference line. 4. A second slope of the rotor, wherein a slope rising forward from a bottom face of the recess of the rotor in the rotor rotation direction is a rotor second slope, the rotor second slope being a center of a rotation shaft and the rotor second slope. The line connecting the vertex (C) to
The stator has a slope angle (α2) of less than 0 °, and a slope on the rear side in the rotor rotation direction of a protrusion rising from the bottom of the recess of the stator is a stator second slope, and the stator second slope is: 2. The inclination angle (β2) of less than 20 ° on the minus side with respect to a line connecting the center of the rotation axis and the vertex (C ′) of the stator second slope, as a reference line. 3. Production method of toner. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the recess has curved surfaces at both ends of the flat surface. 6. The method of manufacturing a toner according to claim 1, wherein the rotor has a part of a convex portion formed of a curved surface, and the stator has a flat bottom surface of a concave portion. Method. 7. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a curved surface, and the stator has a flat bottom surface with a concave portion.
7. The method for producing a toner according to any one of items 1 to 6, above. 8. A sectional view of the stator taken on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the rotation axis, wherein the height H (mm) of the projection is 1.95 to 2.0.
5 mm, the length L1 (mm) of the flat surface at the bottom of the concave portion
The toner production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the particle size is 1.30 to 1.40 mm. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the height H of the convex portion and the length L1 of the flat surface at the bottom of the concave portion satisfy the following relationship: 0.25H ≦ L1 ≦ 2.5H. Method. 10. When the length of the upper surface of the convex portion of the rotor and / or the stator is L2, and the length of the surface facing the upper surface of the convex portion is L3, the following conditions are satisfied. The method according to claim 1, wherein L2 <L3 is satisfied. 11. The surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator satisfies the following condition: 2.05 ≦ Ra ≦ 10.0 μm. 3. The method for producing a toner according to item 1. 12. The surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator may satisfy the following condition: Ry ≧ 25.0 μm [wherein, Ry represents the maximum height. 12. The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, which satisfies the following. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator satisfies the following condition: 25.0 ≦ Ry ≦ 60.0 μm. 3. The method for producing a toner according to item 1. 14. The surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator may be as follows: Rz ≧ 20.0 μm [where Rz represents a ten-point average roughness. 14. The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, which satisfies the following. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the crushed surface of the rotor and / or the stator satisfies the following condition: 20.0 ≦ Rz ≦ 40.0 μm. 3. The method for producing a toner according to item 1. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the toner is a magnetic toner containing 60 to 200 parts by mass of a magnetic substance with respect to 100 parts by mass of a binder resin. Method. 17. The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, wherein the powdery raw material is introduced into a mechanical pulverizer together with cold air. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the temperature of the cool air is 0 to -30.0 ° C. 19. The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical pulverizer includes cooling means for cooling the inside of the machine. 20. The production of a toner according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical pulverizer has a jacket for cooling the inside of the machine, and pulverizes the powdery raw material while passing cooling water through the jacket. Method. 21. The production of a toner according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical pulverizer has a swirl chamber communicating with the powder inlet, and the room temperature T1 of the swirl chamber is 0 ° C. or lower. Method. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the room temperature T1 of the spiral chamber of the mechanical pulverizer is -5 to -15 ° C. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the room temperature T1 of the spiral chamber of the mechanical pulverizer is -7 to -12 ° C. 24. The finely pulverized product produced in the mechanical pulverizer is discharged from the powder outlet through a rear chamber of the mechanical pulverizer, and the room temperature T2 of the rear chamber is 30 to 60 ° C. The method for producing a toner according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the temperature is ° C. 25. A temperature difference ΔT between room temperature T2 and room temperature T1.
(T2-T1) is 30 to 80 ° C.
5. The method for producing a toner according to any one of 4. 26. A temperature difference ΔT between the room temperature T2 and the room temperature T1.
(T2-T1) is 35 to 75 ° C.
5. The method for producing a toner according to any one of 4. 27. Temperature difference ΔT between room temperature T2 and room temperature T1
(T2-T1) is 37 to 72 ° C.
5. The method for producing a toner according to any one of 4. 28. The glass transition point Tg of the binder resin is 45 to 75 ° C., and the room temperature T1 of the spiral chamber of the mechanical pulverizer is 0.
The method for producing a toner according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the temperature is adjusted so as to be lower than or equal to 60 ° C and lower than Tg by 60 to 75 ° C. 29. The glass transition point Tg of the binder resin is 45 to 75 ° C., and the room temperature T2 of the rear chamber of the mechanical pulverizer is Tg.
The method for producing a toner according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the temperature is adjusted so that the temperature is lower by 5 to 30 ° C. 30. The peripheral speed of the tip of the rotor is 80 to 180 m.
30 / sec, and a minimum gap between the rotor and the stator is 0.5 to 10.0 mm.