JP2002188342A - Lock and unlock device for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem in a portable transmitter for measuring quantity of a change of electric field intensity on the basis of movement where in the change of the electric field intensity can not be detected when quantity of the movement of a passenger having the portable transmitter is a little or zero or when the passenger having the portable transmitter moves fast. SOLUTION: The radio wave from the portable transmitter is received by an in-cabin antenna and an outside cabin antenna each other on the basis of a command from a on-vehicle controller, and the on-vehicle controller judges whether the portable transmitter exists inside of the cabin or outside of the cabin on the basis of the receiving condition.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle locking / unlocking control device for controlling locking / unlocking of a vehicle locking device by a radio signal transmitted from a portable transceiver.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 10, there is a block diagram showing a configuration of a vehicle locking and unlocking control device 1. As shown in FIG.
The device 1 includes a microcomputer 2, which includes a key switch 3, an external switch 4,
In addition to the door open / close detection switch 5, the seat switch 6, the ignition switch 7, the actuator 8 and the lock sensor 9, a vehicle-mounted transceiver 10 and a horn 11 are connected, and the door open / close detection switch 5, the seat switch 6, the ignition switch 7 and Alighting detection means for detecting the occupant's getting off by the lock sensor 9 is formed, and movement detecting means for detecting the reception intensity of the response signal emitted from the portable transceiver 12 and warning of the misplacement are formed. Various methods of getting off the vehicle by the getting off detecting means are considered as follows.

That is, the microcomputer 2 detects (1) when the key 7a is pulled out from the ignition switch 7, and (2) after the key 7a is pulled out, the door is closed by the door open / close detection switch 5. When it is detected that the door has been opened, (3) When the door has been further changed from open to closed after the door has been changed from closed to open,
(4) When the lock sensor 9 detects that the closed door is locked, (5) the above (2)
When the seat switch 6 for detecting the occupant's seat detects that the passenger leaves the seat after the door is changed from the closed state to the open state, it is determined that all of the above conditions (1) to (5) are satisfied and the vehicle is to be dismounted. .

For example, in FIG. 11, the microcomputer 2 first reads a signal from the key switch 3 and determines whether or not the key 7a is inserted into the cylinder lock (step ST120). When the key 7a is inserted, this routine is immediately terminated. When the key 7a is not inserted, it is determined whether or not the external switch 4 is pressed based on a signal from the vehicle-mounted transceiver 10 (step ST130). . If the external switch 4 has not been pressed, the routine is temporarily terminated without any further action. When the external switch 4 is pressed, the signal of the lock sensor 9 is read to determine whether or not the door is locked. (Step ST140). When the door is locked, a request signal f modulated by the transmission circuit 14 based on the carrier generated by the carrier generation circuit 13 is transmitted from the loop antenna 15 (step ST150).

[0005] As shown in FIG. 12, the portable transmitter / receiver 12 receiving the radio wave transmitted from the vehicle-mounted transmitter / receiver 10 waits for the reception of the repeat request signal f.
6 demodulates the request signal f received by the receiving circuit 17 (step ST310), the control circuit 18 reads the identification code ID from the code memory 19, and
Output to 0. Transmitting circuit 20 modulates the identification code based on the carrier generated by carrier generation circuit 21 and transmits the modulated identification code identification as answer signal fa from loop antenna 16 (step ST320).

On the other hand, the on-vehicle transceiver 10 does not receive a response signal including the identification code identification from the portable transceiver 12 within a predetermined time after transmitting the request signal f, or If the ID code does not match the identification code registered in the built-in ROM, the routine is terminated without any further processing (steps ST160 and S170). Identification code I received
When D coincides with each other, it is determined that the occupant having the portable transceiver 12 is about to get on, and the actuator 8
To unlock (unlock) the door (step S
T180). When the door is unlocked by the external switch 4 and the door is turned off, the routine ends. Further, if the door is unlocked by the lock sensor 9 in step ST140 when the external switch 4 is turned on, it is determined that the occupant is about to get off and lock the door, and similarly to step ST150, After request transmission (step ST190), code reception (step ST200), and identification code match determination (step ST210), the actuator 8 is driven to lock the door (step ST220), and this routine is once terminated. If the identification code is not received or does not match, this routine is temporarily terminated without doing anything.

Next, a flow chart showing the signal processing of the getting-off detection processing will be described below with reference to FIG. First,
It is determined whether the ignition switch 7 is turned off, that is, whether the key 7a has been removed from the key cylinder of the vehicle (step ST410). If the key 7a has not been removed, this subroutine ends. It is determined whether or not the power is turned on (closed) after the power is turned off (open) from the on state (closed) (step ST42).
0). If the state of the door opening / closing switch 5 does not change as described above, this subroutine is terminated. When the state has changed, it is determined whether or not the seat switch 6 has been turned off, that is, whether or not the user has left the seat (step ST430). Seat switch 6
If is not turned off, this subroutine ends. If it is turned off, it is determined whether or not the lock sensor 9 is turned on (step ST440). If off, this subroutine is ended. Is detected, the process proceeds to step ST1 of the misplacement control routine shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show a routine for detecting the misplacement of the portable transmitter / receiver 12.
Is turned off (open), it is executed as an interrupt process to the lock control routine of FIG. When this routine is started, first, the getting-off detection subroutine is executed (step ST1). When the getting-off is detected, the microcomputer 2 activates the on-vehicle transceiver 10 and uses the carrier generated by the carrier generating circuit 13 as a basis. The transmission circuit 14 transmits a request signal f different from the request signal f at the time of the lock control via the loop antenna 15 only once (step ST2). Upon receiving the request signal f, the control circuit 18 of the portable transceiver 12
Reads the identification code from the code memory 19 and sends a response signal fa based on the identification code once every second, four times in total.

On the other hand, in the vehicle-mounted transceiver 10 on the vehicle side,
After transmitting the request signal f (step ST2), it is determined whether or not the response signal fa from the portable transceiver 12 has been received (step ST4). If not received, the built-in program counter i is reset to an initial value 0. (Step ST3), and waits for reception. Step ST
At 4, when the response signal fa is received via the receiving circuit,
The count value i of the counter is incremented by 1 (step ST5), the reception intensity Va of the first response signal fa is detected and stored in the built-in RAM as Va (step ST6). Subsequently, the number of receptions of the response signal fa, that is, the count value i is determined (step ST).
8), i = 1, that is, the first response signal fa,
While returning to step ST4, if i = 2, that is, if it is the second response signal fa, the stored _first reception intensity Va1 is compared with the second reception intensity Va (step ST9). As a result of the comparison, if the two reception intensities Va ₁ and Va ₂ are not substantially equal, it is determined that the portable transceiver 12 has not been left behind, and the permanent left detection processing ends. If the two reception intensities Va ₁ and Va ₂ are substantially equal, step ST4
Return, when the third round of the response signals fa ₂ followed is received, the step ST5~ST8 is executed, i = 3 becomes in step ST8, the reception intensity of the first round Va ₁
Is compared with the _third reception intensity Va3 (step S3).
T10). Result of the comparison, if there is no substantially equal both reception intensity Va _1, Va _3, wherein the second and is terminated in the same manner this treatment, if substantially equal is both receiving strength Va _1, Va _3, similar to the above, step ST4 to ST8 are executed, and when the fourth response signal fa is received, i = 4 (step S5).
T8), which is compared with the _first reception intensity Va1 (step ST11). As a result of the comparison, both reception intensities V
If a ₁ and Va ₄ are not substantially equal, the process is terminated in the same manner as described above, while if both reception intensities Va ₁ and Va ₄ are substantially equal, a misplacement alarm is sounded (step ST1).
2) A warning is issued to the passenger who gets off the vehicle, and this processing operation is terminated.

[0010]

However, in the conventional device, the amount of change in the electric field strength due to the movement of the portable transceiver is measured, so that the occupant carrying the portable transceiver is required to measure the change in electric field strength. When the moving amount is small, when the moving amount is not moving, or when the moving speed is extremely fast, there is a possibility that a change in the electric field intensity cannot be detected, or there is a risk of erroneous detection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object to enable easy and reliable detection of the position of a portable transceiver.

[0012]

A vehicle locking and unlocking device according to the present invention alternately transmits a radio wave from a portable transceiver to a vehicle interior antenna and a vehicle exterior antenna based on an instruction from a vehicle mounted controller. The vehicle-mounted controller determines whether the portable transceiver is inside or outside the vehicle cabin based on the combination of the strengths of the received radio waves.

[0013] Further, if the processing is performed based on the combination of the strengths of the received radio waves received by the vehicle interior antenna and the vehicle exterior antenna, the accuracy can be further improved. In addition, the vehicle interior antenna is installed below the instrument panel or seat, the vehicle exterior antenna is installed at least on the front door of the vehicle, and the communication area of the vehicle interior antenna is set as the vehicle front seat, and the vehicle interior antenna is used. The accuracy can also be improved by setting the communication area of the antenna to a range where the lock of the front door can be confirmed.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 to 9, reference numeral 30 denotes a vehicle.
In the vicinity of the door handle of the driver's seat door, a first exterior antenna 31 having a communication range A within a radius of 1 m outside the driver's seat door is installed, and near the door handle of the passenger seat door. A second exterior antenna 32 having a communication range B within a radius of 1 m outside the passenger seat door is provided. In addition, a first vehicle interior antenna 34 having a communication range C in the driver's seat is set in front of the driver's seat of the instrument panel 33 in the vehicle compartment, and a second antenna 34 having a communication range D in the front passenger's seat in front of the passenger's seat. The vehicle interior antenna 35 is set.
In addition, as an installation location, the instrument panel 33 in front of the driver's seat and the front passenger seat may be installed below the driver's seat and the front passenger seat.

Reference numeral 37 denotes a first door switch provided on the driver's seat side door, which detects opening operation of the driver's seat side door. Reference numeral 38 denotes a second door switch provided on the passenger's seat side door. Detects the opening operation of the seat side door. 39 is a warning horn provided on the side of the instrument panel 33 in the vehicle interior, 40 is a first actuator for unlocking a door for a driver's seat, 41 is an unlocking horn for opening a door for a passenger seat. Of the second actuator. 4
Reference numeral 2 denotes an engine control unit that starts the engine based on an instruction from a control unit 43 described later.

Reference numeral 43 denotes a control unit.
And the second and third exterior antennas 31 and 32 and the first and second interior antennas 34 and 35, so that both the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34 are alternately activated. , The identification code and the function code transmitted from the portable transceiver 50 are input. That is, while communication is performed between the first exterior antenna 31 and the portable transceiver 50, the first interior antenna 34 is inactive, and the first interior antenna 34 and the portable While communicating with the transceiver 50, the first exterior antenna 31 is in a non-operation state,
This is repeated alternately. Further, both the second exterior antenna 32 and the second interior antenna 35 are operated in the same manner as the case of both the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34.

When the control unit 43 inputs the identification code and the function code transmitted from the portable transceiver 50 as described above, the control unit 43 compares the identification code with the registered ID code, In addition, decrypt the function code further,
If the function code indicates an engine start, the engine control unit 42 is instructed to start the engine.

If the function code indicates that the door is to be unlocked on the driver's seat side, the controller waits for a signal indicating a door unlock operation from the first door switch 37 to be supplied, and then waits for the first actuator to unlock. If the driver side door is unlocked through 40 and the function code indicates the door unlocking on the passenger side, a signal indicating the door unlocking operation is supplied from the second door switch 38. Then, the door on the passenger's seat side is unlocked via the second actuator 41.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described for the case where the portable transceiver 50 is used for locking and unlocking the vehicle door. (Normal operation at the time of unlocking) When the door of the vehicle 30 is locked and left alone, the control unit 43 shown in FIG. 2 repeats wake-up and sleep at regular intervals, and operates with the first exterior antenna 31. The first vehicle interior antenna 34 in front of the seat is alternately activated. Therefore, when wake-up is performed, signal processing is performed according to the flowchart shown in FIG. That is, a passenger such as a driver carrying the portable transceiver 50 approaches the driver's seat side door of the vehicle 30 and enters, for example, the communication area A of the first exterior antenna 31 on the driver's seat side, and pulls the door knob. When the first door switch 37 detects that the door is to be opened and supplies a detection signal to the control unit 43, the control unit 43 recognizes it (ST1).
00).

On the other hand, during this time, the first exterior antenna 31
Communicates with the portable transceiver 50, the control unit 43 receives the identification code output from the portable transceiver 50 from the first exterior antenna 31 (ST110, ST120). , And ST
If the identification code supplied from the first exterior antenna 31 matches the registered ID code at 130, it is determined whether the function code transmitted together with the identification code indicates unlocking, If it is an instruction to unlock, the door on the driver's seat side is unlocked (ST140), but if they do not match or the function code cannot be decoded, the unlocking is stopped (ST150). Note that the second vehicle exterior antenna 32 is the same as described above, and therefore detailed description is omitted.

(Normal Operation at Locking Time) Referring to the flowchart of FIG. 4, the control unit 43 is in an operating state, contrary to the above, so that a driver or the like carrying the portable transceiver 50 is operated. The passenger is the vehicle 30
After the driver's seat side door is opened, the driver stops in the communication area A of the first exterior antenna 31 on the driver's seat side and pulls the door knob to lock the door.
Detects it and sends a detection signal to the control unit 4.
3 and the control unit 43 recognizes it (ST200).

On the other hand, during the operation, since the first exterior antenna 31 is communicating with the portable transceiver 50, the control unit 43 is output from the portable transceiver 50. The identification code is received by the first vehicle exterior antenna 31 (ST210, ST220).
At 230, the identification code supplied from the first exterior antenna 31 is compared with the registered ID code, and if they match, the door on the driver's seat side is locked via the first actuator 40 (ST240). Then, in ST250, a misplacement detection operation (this will be described below with reference to FIG. 5) is started.

On the other hand, if they do not match in ST230, the locking operation is stopped (ST260). Thereby, the person trying to close the door notices that he is getting out of the car, for example, with his / her other portable transceiver, not his own portable transceiver 50. Note that the second vehicle exterior antenna 32 is the same as above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. When the control unit 43 receives the identification code output from the portable transceiver 50 (ST220), the control unit 43 outputs an electric field of the received signal to warn the user of the portable transceiver 50 being left behind in the vehicle compartment, which will be described later. The intensity is temporarily stored.

(Alarm of portable transmitter / receiver 50 left in vehicle cabin) An explanation will be given in accordance with a flowchart shown in FIG. 5, but the same reference numerals are given to those already described in FIG. Will be described below. That is, in ST240, the driver's seat door is moved to the first position.
After actuating and locking the actuator 40, S
At T270 and ST280, communication is performed between the first vehicle interior antenna 34 on the driver's seat side and the portable transceiver 50, the received electric field strength at the time of receiving the identification code is stored in the memory, and the received identification is received. If the code matches the registered ID code, in ST290, the electric field intensity of the identification code received this time is compared with the electric field intensity received in ST220, and the identification code received by first antenna 31 outside the vehicle in ST300 is compared. If it is determined that the electric field strength of the other is greater than the electric field strength of the identification code received by the first vehicle interior antenna 34 in front of the driver's seat, it is determined that the portable transceiver 50 is carried outside the vehicle.

On the other hand, when it is determined in ST300 that the electric field strength of the identification code received by first antenna 31 outside the vehicle is smaller than the electric field strength of the identification code received by first antenna 34 in front of the driver's seat. Has a portable transceiver 5
In step ST310, the horn 39 issues a warning by the horn 39.

On the other hand, when it is determined in ST280 that the first vehicle interior antenna 34 has not received the identification code, and in ST300, the electric field strength of the identification code received by the first vehicle exterior antenna 31 is equal to the driver's seat. When it is determined that the electric field strength of the identification code received by the first first vehicle interior antenna 34 is larger than that, the portable transceiver 50 is determined to be carried outside the vehicle in ST330.

(When the portable transceiver 50 is a transceiver for starting the engine) When the driver gets into the stopped vehicle 30 and picks up and turns the switch knob for starting the engine provided on the instrument panel, Signal processing is performed according to the flowchart shown in FIG. That is, when the engine is started by rotating the engine start switch knob (step ST300), control unit 43 moves to the driver's seat in communication area C with first vehicle interior antenna 34 in front of the driver's seat. It communicates with a portable transceiver 50 carried by a passenger such as a driver sitting (ST310, ST3).
Along with 20), the magnitude of the electric field strength at the time of receiving the identification code is stored for signal processing of a portable transceiver 50 misplacement alarm described later. If the identification code output from portable transceiver 50 matches the registered ID code, in ST340, engine control unit 42 is instructed to permit the start of the engine, and portable transceiver 5 described later is operated.
The process proceeds to step ST340 for a 0-missing alarm.
On the other hand, if they do not match, in ST350, engine control unit 42 is instructed to prohibit starting the engine.

(Portable transmitter / receiver 50 misplacement alarm) Description will be given in accordance with the flowchart shown in FIG. 7, but the parts already described in FIG. 6 will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted. Only different points will be described below. explain.
That is, after allowing the engine control unit 42 to start the engine in ST340, communication is performed between the first vehicle interior antenna 34 on the driver's seat side and the portable transceiver 50 in ST370 and ST380, and reception is performed. The electric field strength at the time of receiving the identified identification code is stored in the memory,
If the received identification code matches the registered ID code,
In ST390, the electric field strength of the identification code received this time is compared with the electric field strength received in ST320.
If it is determined at 00 that the electric field strength of the identification code received by the first exterior antenna 31 is higher than the electric field strength of the identification code received by the first interior antenna 34 in front of the driver's seat, the portable transmission / reception is performed. It is determined that the device 50 has been carried out of the vehicle.

On the other hand, when it is determined in ST400 that the electric field strength of the identification code received by first exterior antenna 31 is smaller than the electric field strength of the identification code received by first interior antenna 34 in front of the driver's seat. Has a portable transceiver 5
In step ST410, the horn 39 issues a warning by the horn 39 in step ST420.

On the other hand, when it is determined in ST380 that first antenna 34 does not receive the identification code, and in ST400, the electric field strength of the identification code received by first exterior antenna 31 indicates the driver's seat. When it is determined that the electric field strength of the identification code received by the first first vehicle interior antenna 34 is larger than that, the portable transceiver 50 is determined to be carried outside the vehicle in ST430.

Next, the operation at the time of door lock will be summarized with reference to FIG. 8, and the operation at the time of engine start will be summarized with reference to FIG. When the door is locked (1) When the first exterior antenna 31 receives the identification code from the portable transceiver 50 and the first interior antenna 34 does not receive the identification code from the portable transceiver 50 , The control unit 43 is a portable transceiver 5
It is determined that 0 is outside the vehicle compartment and has not been left behind.

(2) When the first exterior antenna 31 receives the identification code from the portable transceiver 50 without the first exterior antenna 31 receiving the identification code from the portable transceiver 50. In the meantime, the control unit 43 determines that the portable transceiver 50 is in the vehicle compartment and has left it behind, and issues an alarm with the horn 39.

(3) If both the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34 have not received the identification code from the portable transceiver 50, the control unit 43 cannot determine and does not operate.

(4) When the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34 both receive the identification code from the portable transceiver 50, the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34 When the reception strength at the first vehicle interior antenna 34 is high based on the reception strength when the identification code is received from the portable transmission / reception apparatus 50, the portable transmission / reception apparatus 50 is in the vehicle interior and is left behind. And an alarm is given by the horn 39. When the reception intensity at the first exterior antenna 31 is high, it is determined that the portable transceiver 50 is outside the vehicle compartment and has not been left behind.

When the engine is started: (1) The first exterior antenna 31 receives the identification code from the portable transceiver 50, and the first interior antenna 34 does not receive the identification code from the portable transceiver 50. In the case, the control unit 43 is the portable transceiver 5
It is determined that 0 is outside the vehicle compartment and has not been left behind.

(2) When the first exterior antenna 31 receives the identification code from the portable transceiver 50 without the first exterior antenna 31 receiving the identification code from the portable transceiver 50 In the meantime, the control unit 43 determines that the portable transceiver 50 is in the vehicle compartment and has left it behind, and issues an alarm with the horn 39.

(3) If both the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34 have not received the identification code from the portable transceiver 50, the control unit 43 cannot determine and does not operate.

(4) When both the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34 receive the identification code from the portable transceiver 50, the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34 When the reception strength at the first vehicle interior antenna 34 is high based on the reception strength when the identification code is received from the portable transmission / reception apparatus 50, the portable transmission / reception apparatus 50 is in the vehicle interior and is left behind. And an alarm is given by the horn 39. When the reception intensity at the first exterior antenna 31 is high, it is determined that the portable transceiver 50 is outside the vehicle compartment and has not been left behind.

The above operation has been described with respect to the driver's seat side, that is, the first exterior antenna 31 and the first interior antenna 34.
The same applies to the exterior antenna 32 and the second interior antenna 35.

[0040]

As described above, according to the present invention, the radio waves from the portable transceiver are alternately received by the vehicle interior antenna and the vehicle exterior antenna based on the instruction from the on-board controller. The on-vehicle controller determines whether the portable transceiver is inside or outside the vehicle cabin based on the combination of the strengths of the received radio waves, so that the accuracy can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna, a control unit, and the like according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a circuit block according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the vehicle locking and unlocking device illustrated in FIG. 2 when an unlocking function is used.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the vehicle locking and unlocking device shown in FIG. 2 when the door lock function is used.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a portable transmitter / receiver misplacement alarm when the vehicle locking / unlocking device shown in FIG. 2 locks a door.

6 is a flowchart illustrating a function of starting an engine using the vehicle locking and unlocking device illustrated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a portable transmitter / receiver misplacement warning when the engine is started using the vehicle locking / unlocking device shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a table for explaining an operation when a door is locked.

FIG. 9 is a table for explaining an operation at the time of starting the engine.

FIG. 10 is a circuit block diagram illustrating a configuration of a conventional device.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a lock control routine of the vehicle lock control device of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing communication control of the portable transceiver of the vehicle lock control device of FIG. 10;

13 is a flowchart of the vehicle side showing a subroutine for detecting the misplacement of the portable transceiver in the vehicle lock control device of FIG. 10;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a misplacement detection control routine executed on the vehicle side in FIG. 10;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a misplacement detection control routine executed on the portable transceiver side in FIG. 10;

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 30 vehicle 31, 32 exterior antenna 33 instrument panel 34, 35 interior antenna 37, 38 door switch 39 alarm horn 40, 41 actuator 42 engine control unit 43 control unit 50 portable transceiver

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An in-vehicle antenna and an out-of-vehicle antenna alternately receive radio waves from a portable transceiver based on an instruction from a vehicle-mounted controller. A vehicle locking / unlocking device for determining whether a portable transceiver is inside or outside a vehicle compartment. 2. The vehicle locking / unlocking device according to claim 1, wherein the reception status is determined based on a combination of the strengths of received radio waves received by the vehicle interior antenna and the vehicle exterior antenna. 3. The vehicle interior antenna is disposed under an instrument panel or a seat, the vehicle exterior antenna is installed on at least a front door of the vehicle, and the communication area of the vehicle interior antenna is a vehicle. 2. The vehicle locking / unlocking device according to claim 1, wherein a front seat is used, and a communication area of the vehicle exterior antenna is set in a range where a lock of the front door can be confirmed.