JP2002154773A - Elevator device and winder - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restrict the generation of vibration and noises in a winder of an elevator device. SOLUTION: The winder 5 of the elevator device is provided with rolling bearings 21 and 22 at a sheave side thereof, and a preload is applied to the rolling bearings. Namely, the preload is given to the bearing 22 of the sheave side rolling bearings 21 and 22 by fastening the bearing 22 with a bearing fixing nut to move an inner ring of the bearing 21 toward the depth.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an elevator apparatus without a machine room, and a hoist of the elevator apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, it has become unnecessary to provide a machine room in an elevator apparatus due to the relaxation of laws and regulations.
On the other hand, in a traction sheave elevator, the machine room generally protrudes greatly from the rooftop of the building, causing problems such as deteriorating surrounding sunshine conditions.Therefore, the machine room area and the height of the machine room are reduced, or the machine room is reduced. There is a strong demand for a so-called machine room-less elevator, which has been abolished. On the other hand, as seen in, for example, JP-A-7-10434 and JP-A-7-10437,
There has been proposed an elevator apparatus in which a hoist is arranged in a gap between a hoistway top and a bottom and a machine room is eliminated.
In these elevator devices, the hoist uses a dedicated drive motor and is designed to be smaller than a conventional hoist, so that it can be arranged inside the hoistway.

However, in a machine room-less elevator, since the handling of the wire rope is generally complicated, the layout of the hoist is greatly restricted, and the layout design is difficult. Although the degree of freedom in design increases due to the further miniaturization of the hoist, in the current mainstream steel wire rope, the diameter of the traction sheave must be at least 40 times the wire rope due to the problem of fatigue strength. However, since the diameter of the sheave and the required torque for the hoist are determined by this, it is difficult to further reduce the size in order to generate a predetermined torque.

On the other hand, steel wire ropes made of synthetic resin or coated with synthetic resin, which are being developed for elevators in recent years, have higher fatigue strength than conventional steel wire ropes, and require a smaller-diameter sheave. It is possible to use. According to this, since the required torque for the hoist is reduced, the dimensions of the hoist can be significantly reduced.

[0005]

When the size of the hoist is reduced, the diameter of the sheave shaft is correspondingly reduced. In the conventional hoisting machine, the sheave shaft has a relatively large diameter and sufficient rigidity can be secured, and therefore, a self-aligning roller bearing having the largest load capacity is often used as the sheave-side bearing.

However, when a self-aligning roller bearing is used as the sheave-side bearing in a hoisting machine having a sheave shaft with a reduced diameter, the sheave shaft becomes insufficient in rigidity, causing a large bending of the sheave shaft. There is. The rotor core of the drive motor is arranged on the sheave shaft, and if the sheave shaft is greatly bent, the air gap between the stator core and the rotor core becomes uneven, and vibration and noise are applied to the hoist by the electromagnetic excitation force. Occurs.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hoisting machine which does not generate vibration and noise even if it is miniaturized, and to provide an elevator apparatus which is excellent in riding comfort.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention comprises a car, a wire rope for suspending the car, and a traction sheave around which the wire rope is wound. A hoist that rotates and drives the car up and down, and an elevator apparatus comprising: the hoist having two or more sets of rolling bearings on the traction sheave side,
A preload applying means for applying at least one of the rolling bearings to the bearing by moving an outer ring or an inner ring of the bearing in the axial direction and applying a preload to the bearing is provided.

In the conventional elevator hoist, in most cases, a self-aligning roller bearing is used as a sheave-side bearing. This type of bearing not only has a larger load capacity than other bearings of the same size, but also does not share the bending moment of the shaft, so that the bearing life is relatively insensitive to machining errors in the shaft hole. was there.

In this case, however, the bending moment is shared by the shaft. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, when the shaft diameter is reduced, the bending deflection of the shaft increases, and the drive motor provided on the same axis as that of the drive motor is provided. The eccentricity of the rotor core (not shown) increases electromagnetic vibration and electromagnetic noise. Also, when the bending rigidity of the sheave shaft decreases, the natural frequency of the spring-mass system using the wire rope and the sheave shaft as a spring, the car and the counterweight as mass, decreases, and passes through the resonance point at a lower car speed. Will be. As a result, it is expected that the noise of the elevator device will increase and the ride quality will deteriorate.

On the other hand, according to the above structure of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the traction sheave side has two or more sets of rolling bearings, and at least one of the rolling bearings is connected to the outer ring or the outer ring of the bearing. Since the inner ring is moved in the axial direction to apply a preload to the bearing, the bearing shares the bending moment of the shaft, thereby reducing the amount of bending of the shaft. Since the amount of the bearing bending moment can be arbitrarily adjusted by the bearing distance L and the bearing preload amount, the shaft diameter can be optimally designed with respect to the rotor core size of the electric motor.

In constituting the above elevator apparatus, the following elements can be added. (1) The preload applying means includes a screw portion formed on an outer peripheral surface of a rotary drive shaft of the hoisting machine or an inner peripheral surface of a bearing housing fitted with a bearing outer ring; A nut capable of contacting the outer ring or the inner ring of the bearing. (2) The preload applying means is configured to apply a preload to the rolling bearing while moving a rotor of a drive motor provided in the hoist machine in an axial direction. (3) The preload applying means is provided on an end face of the traction sheave, and includes a preload applying bolt which can be brought into contact with an outer ring of the bearing. (4) The rolling bearing comprises a tapered roller bearing or an angular ball bearing. (5) The wire rope is made of resin or steel covered with resin, and the traction sheave has a diameter of 320.
mm or less.

Further, the present invention relates to a hoist having a traction sheave around which a wire rope is wound and rotating the traction sheave to raise and lower a car, wherein two or more sets of rolling are provided on the traction sheave side. A bearing is provided, wherein at least one of the rolling bearings is provided with a preload applying means for applying a preload to the bearing by moving an outer ring or an inner ring of the bearing in the axial direction.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) First, a machine room-less elevator apparatus is generally configured as shown in FIG. A rope end 2a, 2b and a turning pulley 3a,
A hoisting machine 5 having a traction sheave 4 is installed in a pit 1 a at the bottom of the hoistway 1. Further, a counterweight 6 and a car 7 are provided in the hoistway 1.

The wire rope 8 having one end connected to the rope end 2a is wound around the traction sheave 4 of the hoisting machine 5 via the balancing weight pulley 6a of the balancing weight 6 and the turning pulley 3a. Further, the wire rope 8 wound around the traction sheave 4 is connected to the turning pulley 3b and the lower pulleys 7a, 7
b, the other end is connected to the rope end 2b.

In the above configuration, when the traction sheave 4 of the hoisting machine 5 is driven to rotate, the traction sheave 4
Is driven around, and the car 7 and the counterweight 6 move up and down in the hoistway 1.

In the elevator apparatus in which the hoisting machine 5 is disposed in the pit 1a at the bottom of the hoistway 1 as described above, the car 7
When the hoisting machine 5 is installed in the projection plane in which the floor area of the hoisting machine is projected on the pit floor (immediately below the car), the hoisting machine 5 It is necessary to reduce the height dimension. Further, when it is arranged outside the projection plane (the gap between the car and the pit wall), it is necessary to reduce the width dimension of the hoisting machine 5 in order to prevent interference with the side of the car 7. In either case, the hoist 5
By setting the radial and height dimensions of the traction sheave 4 approximately equal to the diameter of the traction sheave 4, space efficiency can be maximized.

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a side view of a hoist, FIG. 2 is a front view, and FIG. 3 is a front view with a traction sheave removed. is there.
The main body of the hoisting machine 5 includes a cylindrical housing 11, a sheave-side end bracket 13 fixed to both ends thereof with fixing bolts 12, and an anti-sheave-side end bracket 14. A hoisting leg 15 is provided at a lower portion of the housing 11.
Are formed integrally, and the main body of the hoisting machine 5 is
By 6, it is fixed on a hoisting machine base (not shown).
A bracket reinforcing rib 17 is formed on the sheave side end bracket 13.

A drive motor is provided inside the housing 11. This drive motor consists of an induction motor,
It is composed of a stator core 18 fixed in the housing 11 and a rotor core 20 fixed on a sheave shaft 19. On the sheave side, the sheave shaft 19 is provided with sheave-side bearings 21, 22 provided in the sheave-side end bracket 13.
, On the anti-sheave side, the anti-sheave side end bracket 1
Each is rotatably supported by a non-sheave side bearing 23 provided in 4.

The outer peripheral surface of the sheave shaft 19 and the inner peripheral surface of the sheave end bracket 13 are formed in a stepped shape, and the sheave side bearings 21 and 22 are positioned at the stepped portions.
That is, the sheave side bearing 22 is positioned such that its outer ring abuts on a stepped portion 13 a formed on the sheave side end bracket 13 and its inner ring abuts on a stepped portion 19 a formed on the sheave shaft 19. In addition, sheave side bearing 2
1 is positioned such that its outer ring abuts a stepped portion 13b formed on the sheave side end bracket 13.
The inner ring of the sheave side bearing 21 is positioned in contact with the bearing fixing nut 24.

The sheave shaft 19 is provided with a bearing fixing nut 24 and a traction sheave 4 on the sheave side, and a disc brake 25 and a rotary encoder 26 on the opposite sheave side.

In the above configuration, a preload can be applied to the sheave-side bearing 21 by tightening the bearing fixing nut 24. That is, the inner ring of the sheave side bearing 21 is in contact with the bearing fixing nut 24, and when the bearing fixing nut 24 is tightened, the inner ring is pushed into the right side in FIG. Pressing force, that is, a preload can be applied. The sheave side bearing 22 is provided with the stepped portion 1 of the sheave side end bracket 13 as described above.
3a and the stepped portion 19a of the sheave shaft 19, and by tightening the bearing fixing nut 24,
The inner ring is pushed to the left in FIG. 1, and a pressing force (preload) is applied to the rolling elements from the inner and outer rings. In general, bearings have spring characteristics, and the rigidity increases when a preload is applied from the inner and outer rings to the rolling elements. When the sheave-side bearings 21 and 22 to which the preload is applied are used, the sheave-side bearings 21 and 22 share the bending moment of the sheave shaft 19, and the bending deflection of the sheave shaft 19 is reduced. I do.

When the wire rope 8 has a so-called 2: 1 roping configuration as in this embodiment, the suspension load acting on the traction sheave is about 10 to 25 kN in the most general elevator apparatus. The sheave shaft and the bearing that supports it need to be designed to have sufficiently high rigidity from the viewpoint of noise and vibration. In the conventional elevator device, due to the limitation on the strength of the steel wire rope, for example, when using a 10 mm diameter rope, the diameter of the traction sheave must be 400 mm or more, the height dimension of the hoist and Since the width dimension is determined by this, the sheave shaft could be made sufficiently thick.

However, if the diameter of the sheave shaft is reduced in accordance with the sheave having a small diameter, the amount of bending of the shaft is increased as described above, which causes vibration and noise problems. Therefore, as in the present embodiment, when a plurality of bearings having a preload function are arranged on the sheave side so that the bending moment of the sheave shaft is shared by the bearings, the shaft can be maintained while maintaining the same rigidity as before. The diameter can be reduced. If a preload is applied to the inner ring of the bearing, the structure can be simplified. In this case, it is preferable to use an angular contact ball bearing in a back-to-back combination.
More preferably, tapered roller bearings are used in a back-to-back combination.

(Embodiment 2) FIGS. 7 and 8 show Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 8 is a front view. In the present embodiment, the drive motor is a synchronous motor using the permanent magnet 31. Permanent magnet 3
1 is bonded to the outer periphery of a rotor 32 provided coaxially with the sheave shaft 19. In the sheave side end bracket 33, the sheave side bearing 2 is sandwiched by a bearing collar 34.
1 and 22 are provided. The outer ring of the sheave side bearing 21 is sandwiched between a bearing retaining ring 35 and a bearing collar 34, and the inner ring is in contact with the traction sheave 4 and is positioned. The outer race of the sheave side bearing 22 is positioned by being sandwiched between a stepped portion 33 a formed on the sheave side end bracket 33 and a bearing collar 34. Sheave side bearing 2
The inner ring 2 is in contact with a convex portion 32 a formed on the sheave side end surface of the rotor 32.

The rotor 32 is fixed to the sheave shaft 19 by a nut 36, and by rotating the nut 36,
It is movable in the axial direction. Also, the housing 37
Is fixed by a fixing flange 38 and a fixing bolt 39.
It is connected to the sheave side end bracket 33. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

In the above configuration, when the nut 36 is tightened, the convex portion 32a abutting on the inner ring of the sheave side bearing 22 moves leftward in FIG. 7 along the axis to apply a preload to the sheave side bearing 22. it can. The sheave side bearing 21
As described above, the bearing retaining ring 35 and the bearing collar 34
And the traction sheave 4 and the like, the inner ring of the sheave-side bearing 21 moves rightward in FIG. 7 and is given a preload.

When three or more sets of bearings are provided on the same shaft as in this embodiment, the restraint in the radial direction of the shaft generally becomes excessive, so that the machining accuracy of the shaft holes on the sheave side and the counter sheave side is reduced. This has a significant effect on the bearing life. For this reason, if these shaft holes can be machined in a single setup, the machining accuracy will be the highest.

According to the present embodiment, if the outer ring of the sheave-side bearing is fixed and then the preload is applied to the inner ring, the shape of the shaft hole of the end bracket can be simplified. Drilling is possible, which helps to reduce costs in addition to improving accuracy. Further, when inserting the rotor into the housing for assembly, a strong permanent magnet attracts the housing, so that an assembly jig is usually required. According to the present embodiment, the sheave shaft is used as a guide. Special jigs can be dispensed with.

In this embodiment, the preload is applied from the rotor side, but it goes without saying that the preload may be applied from the sheave side.

(Embodiment 3) FIGS. 9 and 10 show Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a side view of a hoist, and FIG. 10 is a front view. In the present embodiment, the drive motor is a synchronous motor using a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet 31 includes a rotor 41 provided coaxially with the sheave shaft 19.
Is adhered to the inner circumference. Also, the stator core 18
It is provided on a stator core base 42 fixed to the end bracket 14 on the side opposite to the sheave.

A small diameter portion 43 is provided on the sheave side of the housing 43.
a, and a recess 4a is formed inside the traction sheave 4, and the small diameter portion 43a is fitted in the recess 4a. The sheave shaft 19 has a stepped portion 19b. And the recess 4a of the traction sheave 4
A sheave-side bearing 21 is provided between the housing 43 and the small-diameter portion 43 a of the housing 43.
a and the inner ring is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 43a. At this time, the inner ring of the sheave side bearing 21 is
The housing 43 is positioned by the sheave side end surface 43b. Further, on the sheave side of the housing 43, a sheave-side bearing 22 is provided therein. The outer ring of the sheave-side bearing 22 contacts the inner peripheral surface of the housing 43, and the inner ring contacts the outer peripheral surface of the sheave shaft 19, respectively. I have. At this time,
The outer ring of the sheave side bearing 22 is connected to the inner surface 4 of the housing 43.
3c, and the inner ring is a stepped portion 19b of the sheave shaft 19.
, Respectively.

The traction sheave 4 is fixed to the end face of the sheave shaft 19 by fixing bolts 44, and eight preload bolts 45 are provided on the end face of the traction sheave 4. And, 4
6 are provided. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

In the above configuration, the traction sheave 4
When the preload bolt 45 provided above is tightened, a preload can be applied to the bearing on the sheave side. Lock 46
By tightening, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the preload due to the loosening of the preload bolt 45.

Generally, there is a load supporting beam on the inner periphery of the traction sheave. However, if the sheave diameter is minimized, it becomes unnecessary. In this case, if the bearing is arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the sheave, there is an advantage that not only the axial dimension can be effectively utilized, but also the overhang amount of the sheave is minimized and the moment acting on the bearing is also reduced. In an elevator having a large capacity, the suspension load is further increased, so that a structure as in the present embodiment is required, in which the bearing load can be reduced and a large-diameter bearing can be used without changing the dimensions of the hoist. Become.

In the first to third embodiments,
The hoist was installed in the pit at the bottom of the hoistway. However, since the hoist is small, it can be installed at the top of the hoistway or at the gap between the cars at the middle part of the hoistway. Further, the type of the electric motor and the combination of the bearing preload mechanisms are arbitrarily possible.

[0037]

As described above, according to the present invention,
An elevator apparatus or a hoist with low noise and vibration can be realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a cross section of an upper half of a hoist of an elevator apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the hoist shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the hoist shown in FIG. 1 with a sheave removed.

FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an elevator apparatus.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a sheave shaft support structure of a conventional hoist.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a sheave shaft support structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a cross section of an upper half of a hoist of an elevator apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a front view of the hoist shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a side view showing a cross section of an upper half of a hoist of an elevator apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a front view of the hoist shown in FIG. 9;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hoistway 2a, 2b Rope end 3a, 3b Deflection pulley 4 Traction sheave 5 Hoisting machine 6 Balancing weight 6a Balancing weight pulley 7 Car 7a, 7b Car lower pulley 8 Wire rope 11, 37, 43 Housing 13, 33 Sheave side End bracket 14 Non-sheave side end bracket 15 Hoisting machine leg 18 Stator core 19 Sheave shaft (motor shaft) 20 Rotor core 21, 22 Sheave side bearing 23 Anti-sheave side bearing 24 Bearing fixing nut 25 Disc brake 26 Rotary encoder 31 Permanent magnet 32, 41 Rotor 34 Sheave side bearing collar 35 Sheave side bearing retaining ring 36 Rotor fixing nut 42 Stator core base 44 Traction sheave fixing bolt 45 Preload bolt 46 Preload bolt locking

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A car, a wire rope for suspending the car, and a traction sheave around which the wire rope is wound, and a winding for driving the traction sheave to rotate to raise and lower the car. An elevator apparatus comprising: a hoist, the hoist having two or more sets of rolling bearings on the traction sheave side, and at least one of the rolling bearings having an outer ring or an inner ring of the bearing. An elevator apparatus characterized in that a preload applying means for moving the bearing in a direction to apply a preload to the bearing is provided. 2. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preload applying means is formed on an outer peripheral surface of a rotary drive shaft of the hoist or an inner peripheral surface of a bearing housing fitted with the bearing outer ring. An elevator apparatus comprising: a screw portion; and a nut screwed to the screw portion and capable of abutting on an outer ring or an inner ring of the bearing. 3. The elevator apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the preload applying means applies a preload to the rolling bearing while axially moving a rotor of a drive motor provided in the hoist. An elevator apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 4. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preload applying means is a preload applying bolt provided on an end face of the traction sheave and capable of contacting an outer ring of the bearing. apparatus. 5. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rolling bearing is a tapered roller bearing or an angular ball bearing. 6. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wire rope is made of resin or steel covered with resin, and the traction sheave has a diameter of 320 mm or less. 7. A hoisting machine having a traction sheave around which a wire rope is wound and driving the traction sheave to rotate to raise and lower a car, comprising: at least two sets of rolling bearings on the traction sheave side. A hoisting machine provided with preload applying means for applying at least one of the rolling bearings to the bearing by moving an outer ring or an inner ring of the bearing in an axial direction to apply a preload to the bearing.