JP2002154034A - Method of setting blade edge position of tool in machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To automatically set a blade edge position when changing the attitude of a tool on a tool rest of a machine tool. SOLUTION: In this method of setting the blade edge position of the tool for controlling the operation of the tool rest during machining of a workpiece, referring to the set value of a reference blade edge position in a storage region corresponding to the selected tool, an arithmetic means is provided for computing the displacement of the reference blade edge position of the tool following the operation of a tool holding member interposed between the tool rest and the tool, and a temporary storage region is provided for setting the computed result of the arithmetic means. When the operating positions of the tool and the tool holding member are commanded, the arithmetic means computes using the set value of the storage region corresponding to the concerned tool, and the computed result is recorded in the temporary storage region. The address of the storage region for referring to the reference blade edge position of the concerned tool is converted into the address of the temporary storage region to perform machining.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for setting the position of a cutting edge of a tool mounted on a machine tool in an NC apparatus. In particular, when the attitude of a tool is changed on a tool rest, the conversion is performed. The present invention relates to the above-described method that enables a change of a set value of a cutting edge position to be performed automatically.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The shape of a workpiece processed by a machine tool is as follows.
It is determined by the relative positional relationship between the work and the cutting edge of the tool (the part that cuts the work). Since the NC device of the NC machine tool performs machining by controlling the positions of a spindle, a table, a tool post, etc., a relationship between a position of a tool post, etc. and a relative position between a work and a tool must be set in advance. Otherwise, a work of a desired shape cannot be obtained. In particular, the position of the cutting edge when the tool is mounted on the tool shaft or the tool post differs depending on the size and type of the tool. It is necessary to keep.

For example, in the case of the turret lathe shown in FIG. 5, a storage area for registering the type and the reference cutting edge position for each tool 3 attached to each tool station 2 of the turret 1 is provided in the NC device. This is on the machining program,
For example, T0101, T0202, etc. are displayed.
Here, T means a tool, and the first two digits following this are numbers for referring to the storage area in which the type of tool is registered, and the last two digits are numbers for referring to the storage area in which the reference cutting edge position is registered. I have. In this specification, the number indicating the type of tool is referred to as “tool number”, and the number indicating the position of the cutting edge is referred to as “offset number”. In the storage area referenced by the offset number, the cutting edge position of the tool 3 when the tool rest 4 is at the reference position (home position) is set by the Z-axis distance Z0 and the X-axis distance X0 from the processing origin 6 of the work 5. Have been.
Therefore, for example, when the tool T0101 is selected, the NC apparatus reads the Z0 value and the X0 value from the storage area referred to by the offset number, and moves the tool rest 4 based on the Z0 value and the X0 value, so that the workpiece 5 and the tool Thus, the relative positional relationship with the cutting edge of No. 3 is realized.

If the tool post is a turret tool post or the like, it is usually sufficient to set one reference cutting edge position for one tool. However, as shown in FIG. 6, when the rotary tool shaft 7 is mounted on the tool rest 4 of the lathe, and the rotary tool shaft 7 is mounted so as to be able to turn in the B-axis direction, the turning angle θ Changes the reference edge position of the tool. Therefore, in such a case, for example, T0101, T011 for one tool 3 for each turning angle θ used for machining.
It is necessary to set a plurality of reference cutting edge positions, such as 1, T0121, and so on. When the B axis is used in a machine tool, it means an angle around the Y axis orthogonal to the Z axis and the X axis.

[0005]

However, in the conventional method as described above, for example, in the example shown in FIG. 6, an automatic tool changer is attached to attach various kinds of tools to the rotary tool shaft 7, When the turning angle of the rotary tool shaft 7 changes variously, it is necessary to set the reference cutting edge position for each angle for each tool, which not only makes the work extremely troublesome, but also causes an offset when a machining program is created. There is a problem that the possibility of making a number selection error increases.

[0006] Since the NC apparatus recognizes the turning angle θ of the rotary tool shaft 7 illustrated in FIG. 6 when machining a work, the reference turning angle, for example, the reference cutting edge position at θ = 0 degrees. Is set, it is possible to calculate the positional relationship between the work and the cutting edge of the tool during machining using the turning angle θ. However, this method is used when the response of the NC device becomes slow due to the calculation and when the existing machining routine, for example, the machining performed with the rotary tool of the turret is changed to the machining with the rotary tool capable of controlling the B axis. However, there is a problem that an existing machining routine (subprogram) cannot be used.

Therefore, in the present invention, the tool 3 is mounted via a tool holding member 7 for changing the attitude of the tool on the tool post 4, like the rotary tool axis controlled by the B axis shown in FIG. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a technical means for automatically setting a reference cutting edge position corresponding to a change in posture of the tool holding member without reducing the response of the NC device during machining.

[0008]

According to the present invention, a storage area for storing a set value of a reference cutting edge position of a tool corresponding to each of a plurality of tools mounted on a tool post is provided, and a certain tool is selected. In the method of setting a tool edge position in a machine tool for controlling the operation of a tool post during work processing by referring to a set value of a storage area corresponding to the tool when the tool intervenes between the tool post and the tool, Arithmetic means for calculating the displacement of the reference cutting edge position of the tool accompanying the operation of the holding member, and a temporary storage area for setting the calculation result of this arithmetic means are provided, and the tool and the operation position of the tool holding member are commanded. sometimes,
A calculation is performed by the calculation means using the set value of the storage area corresponding to the tool, the calculation result is recorded in the temporary storage area, and the address of the storage area referring to the reference cutting edge position of the tool is temporarily stored. The object is achieved by providing a method of setting a position of a tool edge in a machine tool, which is characterized in that machining is performed by converting to an address of a region.

The reference cutting edge position set in the temporary storage area is
It can also be a difference value. For example, in a lathe, the position where the finishing margin of the tip is cut from the tip of the work is usually set as the machining origin 6, but depending on the case where the tip of the work is already machined or depending on the shape of the work, other points are used. The location may be the processing origin. For this reason, the NC device is provided with a storage area for setting a difference value for shifting the work origin of the work. Therefore, by registering the difference value of the reference cutting edge position caused by the change in the posture of the tool holding member using this storage area as a temporary storage area, it is possible to realize substantially the same function as changing the reference cutting edge position.

Therefore, the present invention provides a calculating means for calculating a deviation of a reference cutting edge position due to an operation of a tool holding member interposed between a tool rest and a tool, and a temporary storage area for setting a calculation result of the calculating means. Is provided, when a tool and an operation position of the tool holding member are commanded, a calculation is performed by the calculation means using a set value of a storage area corresponding to the tool, and the calculation result is stored in the temporary storage area. It can also be realized by recording and correcting the coordinate point of the reference cutting edge position of the tool during the processing with the deviation value of the temporary storage area and performing the processing.

[0011] The above-mentioned means for setting the position of the cutting edge is provided on the tool rest with B
This is particularly effective as a means for setting a reference cutting edge position of a tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft in a compound lathe including a rotary tool shaft whose axis is controlled and an automatic tool changing device for the tool shaft. This is because in such a machine tool, since there are many types of tools and the angle of the rotary tool axis can be freely changed, the number of types of reference cutting edge positions to be set by the conventional method is enormous.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the rotary tool shaft of the combined lathe includes a tool rest having a rotary tool shaft controlled by the B-axis and an automatic tool changer for a tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft. In the method for setting the tool edge position of the tool loaded in the, the reference edge position at the reference B-axis angle of the rotary tool axis is set for each tool stored in the tool magazine of the automatic tool changer, and the set value and The displacement or deviation of the reference cutting edge position is calculated from the turning radius of the tool tip calculated from the coordinates of the B-axis turning center of the rotary tool axis when the tool post is at the home position and the B-axis angle of the rotary tool axis. When a calculation routine is registered and machining is performed with the tool mounted on the rotary tool axis, the calculation routine is called with the B-axis angle of the rotary tool axis as an argument, and the calculation result is temporarily stored, and the temporarily stored calculation is performed. And controlling the position of the tool rest during the processing as a deviation of the reference edge position or the reference cutting edge and a method of setting the tool edge position in the composite lathe.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to a compound NC lathe having a rotary tool shaft controlled by a B-axis shown in FIG. 1 as an example. In the NC device for controlling the lathe, a storage area 9 for setting a tool type (tool number) and a reference cutting edge position (offset number) for each tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft 7 controlled by the B axis. , 10 are provided (see FIG. 2). For example, T0101 and T0101 are assigned to the respective tools of the tool magazine containing the tools to be loaded on the rotary tool shaft 7.
A tool code such as “0202...” Is assigned, the type of the tool is registered in the storage area referenced by the first two digits of the four digits, and the reference cutting edge position of the tool is stored in the storage area referenced by the last two digits. Is set. The reference cutting edge positions set here are the Z coordinate Z0 and the X coordinate X0 from the workpiece machining origin of the tool cutting edge at the position where the B-axis angle is 0 degrees. Therefore,
In the case of a rotary tool such as a drill, a milling cutter, a boring cutter, etc., only one reference edge position needs to be registered for each tool. For example, 40 tools are stored in the tool magazine.
If there is a kind, the tool code is T0101 ... T4
040 will be registered.

In addition to the storage area of the set value of the reference cutting edge position corresponding to each of the tool codes, a storage area for setting the reference cutting edge position to be referred to at the time of machining (referred to as "temporary storage area" in this specification). The storage area is referred to by, for example, an offset number 99. On the other hand, a routine (subprogram) for calculating the cutting edge position corresponding to the B-axis angle θ of the rotary tool shaft 7 is registered in the NC device.

[0015] Displacement ΔZ of tool edge due to change in B-axis angle
And ΔX can be calculated using a trigonometric function based on the distance (turning radius) L from the turning center of the rotary tool shaft 7 to the tool edge and the B-axis angle θ. Since the coordinates of the turning center 11 when the tool rest 4 is at the home position are determined, the turning radius L is determined from the value of X0 set in the reference cutting edge position setting area of each tool. The B-axis angle θ is given as an argument when calling this calculation routine.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the above calculation routine. First, the turning radius L is calculated from the X0 coordinate of the reference cutting edge position.
Then, the displacement amounts ΔZ and ΔX are calculated from the turning radius L and the B-axis angle θ received as an argument. And B
X0 + ΔX, Z0−Δ
Calculate with Z and store it in temporary storage area
The digit is changed to 99, which is the reference number of the temporary storage area, and a turning command of the angle θ about the B axis is given to the lathe, and the calculation routine is exited.

In the following program example, one B-axis controllable rotary tool axis provided on a two-spindle opposed lathe in which a left main spindle and a right sub-spindle are opposed to each other is initially set on the main spindle side. Next, an example of an NC program when machining toward the sub-spindle side is shown. In this program, the arithmetic routine is called under the routine name G342.

Example of machining program 01000; N10 (main spindle side) G54; G340 T0101; G342 B-90; · · [Main spindle side machining] · · G28 U0 W0; N20 (sub spindle side) G55; T0101; G342 B90 [Sub spindle side machining] G28 U0 W0;

In the NC program, G54 and G55
G54 declares a ZX coordinate system on the main spindle side, and G55 declares a selection of a ZX coordinate system on the sub spindle side. G340 is an automatic tool change command,
At T0101, the tool to be selected is commanded, and the reference edge position information of the tool having the offset number 01 is read. G342 is the calculation routine shown in FIG.
B-axis angles (−90 degrees and 90 degrees) are passed as arguments in −90 and B90. G28 is an origin return command.

As can be seen from the above program example, after the tool code is selected, the operation routine is called with the B-axis angle of the rotating tool axis as an argument, whereby the tool turns to the B-axis angle indicated by the argument. Is set in the temporary storage area, and the NC apparatus sets the Z coordinate and the X coordinate of the tool post being processed based on the reference cutting edge position recorded in the temporary storage area. As a result, the reference cutting edge position is automatically set, and is read into the NC device. When the above method is used, the machining program of the portion indicated by [main spindle side machining] and [sub spindle side machining] in the machining program is described without any consideration of the B-axis angle of the rotary tool axis. As a result, the complexity of creating a machining program can be eliminated, and the machining routine for each individual step can be used.

The above is an example of the rotary tool. However, by attaching a turning tool to the rotary tool shaft 7 and locking the rotary tool axis at 0 ° and 180 ° positions around the axis, the main spindle is rotated. The method of the present invention can be effectively employed even when turning on the side and turning on the sub-spindle side are performed. That is, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when the turning tool 12 mounted on the rotary tool shaft 7 is turned to the main spindle side (a) and when the turning tool 12 is turned to the sub spindle side (b). , The Z coordinate of the reference cutting edge position changes. The amount of displacement in the Z-axis direction from the axis of the rotary tool shaft 7 at the cutting edge of the turning tool is:
Since the center position of the turning tool shaft when the tool post is at the home position is constant, it can be determined from the data of the reference cutting edge position set for each tool (similar to the turning radius L in the above-described example). Is). Then, when the angle of the rotary tool axis is 0 degree and when it is 180 degrees, Δ
By including the arithmetic expression of Z in the arithmetic routine,
Using the B-axis angle and the rotation angle of the rotary tool axis as arguments, the same method as described above is used to change the set value of the reference cutting edge position when the turning tool is directed toward the main spindle and when the turning tool is directed toward the sub-spindle. Thereby, it is possible to perform processing by automatically setting the temporary storage area.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a turning angle of a rotary tool axis and a displacement of a cutting edge position in a combined lathe having a rotary tool axis controlled by a B axis.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a storage area and a temporary storage area for setting a type of tool corresponding to a tool code and a reference cutting edge position of each tool;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a calculation procedure of a reference cutting edge position calculation routine.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example in which a turning tool is attached to a rotary tool shaft.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a setting of a reference cutting edge position of a tool mounted on a turret tool post.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a conventional setting of a standard cutting edge position of a tool mounted on a rotating tool axis controlled by a B-axis.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Tool 4 Tool post 7 Rotating tool axis 9 Storage area 10 Storage area

Claims (3)

[Claims] A storage area for storing a set value of a reference cutting edge position of a tool is provided for each of a plurality of tools mounted on a tool post, and when a certain tool is selected, the storage area corresponds to the tool. In a method for setting a tool edge position in a machine tool for controlling the operation of a tool post during machining of a workpiece with reference to a set value of a storage area, a method of setting a tool edge according to an operation of a tool holding member interposed between the tool post and the tool. A calculating means for calculating the displacement of the reference cutting edge position and a temporary storage area for setting the calculation result of the calculating means are provided, and when a tool and an operation position of the tool holding member are instructed, the tool corresponds to the tool. A calculation is performed by the calculation means using the set value of the storage area, the calculation result is recorded in the temporary storage area, and the address of the storage area referring to the reference cutting edge position of the tool is converted to the address of the temporary storage area. Add A method for setting a tool edge position in a machine tool, comprising performing machining. 2. A storage area for storing a set value of a reference cutting edge position of a tool corresponding to each of a plurality of tools mounted on a tool post, and when a certain tool is selected, the storage area corresponding to the tool is set. In a method of setting a tool edge position in a machine tool that controls the operation of a tool post during work processing with reference to a set value of a storage area to be operated, a reference associated with an operation of a tool holding member interposed between the tool post and the tool is provided. A calculating means for calculating the deviation of the cutting edge position, and a temporary storage area for setting the calculation result of the calculating means are provided, and when a tool and an operation position of the tool holding member are commanded, a storage corresponding to the tool is provided. A calculation is performed by the calculation means using the set value of the area, the calculation result is recorded in the temporary storage area, and the coordinate point of the reference cutting edge position of the tool during machining is corrected with the deviation value of the temporary storage area. Processing A method for setting a tool edge position in a machine tool, wherein the method is performed. 3. A tool loaded on the rotary tool shaft of a combined lathe including a tool rest having a rotary tool shaft controlled by the B-axis and an automatic tool changer for a tool mounted on the rotary tool shaft. In the method for setting the tool edge position, the reference edge position at the reference B axis angle of the rotary tool axis is set for each tool stored in the tool magazine of the automatic tool changer, and the set value and the tool post are set at the origin position. A calculation routine for calculating the displacement or deviation of the reference cutting edge position from the turning radius of the tool tip calculated from the coordinates of the B-axis turning center of the rotary tool axis and the B-axis angle of the rotary tool axis when When performing machining with a tool mounted on the rotary tool axis, the arithmetic routine is called with the B-axis angle of the rotary tool axis as an argument to temporarily store the arithmetic result, and the temporarily stored arithmetic value is used as a reference cutting edge position. What A method of setting a tool edge position in a combined lathe, wherein the position of a tool post during machining is controlled as a deviation value of a wheel reference edge.