JP2002147890A - Air-conditioning method and air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the installation cost of an air conditioner and simplify switching operation upon switching heating operation and cooling operation. SOLUTION: The air conditioner is provided with an air-conditioning machine 36, having at least a waste heat generating unit 1 provided with at least an engine or a fuel battery, a waste heat utilizing refrigerating machine 2 introducing hot-water generated in the waste heat generating unit 1 through a hot-water supplying flow passage 3 to generate cold heat, a cooling tower 6 connected to the waste heat utilizing refrigerating machine 2 through a cooling flow passage 7, a first heat exchanger 19 connected to the waste heat utilizing refrigerating machine 2 through a heat transfer flow passage 9, and a second heat exchanger 20 connected to a non-waste heat utilizing refrigerating machine 22 through a cold heat receiving and supplying flow passage 23, as well as a waste heat utilizing refrigerating machine detouring flow passage 24 connecting the hot-water supplying flow passage 3 to the heat transfer flow passage 9 so as to be capable of being communicated or intercepted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention supplies a power source for lighting and the like in a relatively small-scale power consuming facility such as a convenience store, a restaurant industry restaurant, etc., particularly by providing a power source such as an engine or a fuel cell. The present invention relates to an air-conditioning method and an air-conditioning apparatus in which cooling and heating can be performed by using inexpensive equipment by simple handling operation using waste heat of a power generator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, it has been considered that power is generated by an engine or a fuel cell, and cooling and heating is performed by utilizing waste heat generated from the engine or the fuel cell during the power generation.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a conventional air conditioner utilizing waste heat. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 1 denotes an air conditioner provided in a relatively small-scale power consuming facility such as a convenience store or a restaurant restaurant. And a waste heat generating unit composed of a power generating device such as an engine or a fuel cell which generates electric power. Such engines and fuel cells generate heat during operation, and this waste heat must be removed in order to maintain the soundness of the device. For this reason, water must be supplied to the engine and fuel cells. Cooling. Therefore, hot water can be obtained from the waste heat generating unit 1 such as an engine or a fuel cell.

[0004] In the figure, reference numeral 2 denotes a known waste heat refrigerating machine (absorption refrigerating machine) which can obtain cold water or hot water by using hot water obtained from the waste heat generating section 1.

The waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 takes in hot water from the waste heat generating section 1 through a hot water supply passage 3 to heat a lithium bromide aqueous solution (lithium bromide solution) to generate steam. And a condenser 5 for condensing the vapor. Further, the steam generated in the regenerator 4 is guided to a condenser 5 and cooled by cold water guided from a cooling tower 6 through a cooling channel 7 to obtain a condensed liquid (water). The condensed liquid obtained in the condenser 5 is guided to the evaporator 8 and dispersed in the heat transfer passage 9, and when the dispersed condensate evaporates, removes heat from the surroundings to thereby generate a heat transfer flow. The water in the road 9 is cooled to obtain cold water. The cold water thus obtained in the evaporator 8 is guided to the air conditioner 10 to perform cooling.

The aqueous solution of lithium bromide, in which the concentration of lithium bromide has increased due to the evaporation of water in the regenerator 4, is led to the absorber 11, and the cooling water flows from the cooling tower 6. The water is cooled by being sprayed on the passage 12, and at the same time, the evaporation in the evaporator 8 is promoted by absorbing the vapor evaporated in the evaporator 8, and the absorption further reduces the concentration of lithium bromide, thereby reducing the absorption of the absorber 1
1 is stored in the lower part. The stored lithium bromide aqueous solution having a low concentration is supplied to the regenerator 4 by a solution pump 13 and is again evaporated by the warm water. In the figure, reference numeral 14 denotes a heat exchanger.

On the other hand, in the above configuration, a condensate is formed between a flow path 15 for guiding the vapor evaporated in the regenerator 4 to the condenser 5 and a flow path 16 for guiding the condensate condensed in the condenser 5 to the evaporator 8. A bypass passage 17 for bypassing the vessel 5;
Further, the airtightness is switched between a case where the vapor from the regenerator 4 is guided to the condenser 5 and a case where the vapor is guided to the evaporator 8 at the inlet of the condenser 5 in the flow path 15 and the bypass flow path 17. High switching valves 18a and 18b are provided.

When the steam from the regenerator 4 is led directly to the evaporator 8 via the bypass passage 17 by switching the switching valves 18a and 18b, the steam causes the heat in the heat transfer passage 9 of the evaporator 8 to be introduced. Of water can be heated. Therefore, when the hot water heated in the heat transfer passage 9 is guided to the air conditioner 10, heating can be performed.

According to the air conditioner shown in FIG. 3, the waste heat generated from the engine and the fuel cell can be effectively used for cooling and heating energy, so that the efficiency of cooling and heating is improved, and the energy is saved. Can be achieved.

On the other hand, in the above-mentioned waste heat refrigerating machine 2, in order to promote evaporation, gas such as air in the system is removed to leave only a lithium bromide aqueous solution and its vapor.
Therefore, as described above, the switching valves 18a and 18b that switch between the case where the steam from the regenerator 4 is guided to the condenser 5 and the case where the steam is guided to the evaporator 8 need to maintain extremely high airtightness. If the airtightness of the switching valves 18a and 18b is reduced, air immediately enters the system, and the performance of the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 is significantly reduced.

[0011]

As described above, in the above-mentioned conventional air conditioner, the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 is used for both cooling and heating, and the steam from the regenerator 4 is condensed by the condenser 5.
The highly airtight switching valves 18a and 18b provided for switching between the case where the air conditioner is guided to the evaporator 8 and the case where the air conditioner is led to the evaporator 8 are very expensive, which significantly increases the price of the air conditioner as a whole. There has been a problem that it is difficult to disseminate in relatively small power consumption facilities such as stores and restaurants in the food service industry.

Further, it is necessary to switch the flow path between the heating and the cooling by the highly airtight switching valves 18a and 18b, and since the condenser 5 is not used during the heating, the cooling tower 6 is not used.
It is necessary to drain the cold water and clean the cooling tower 6. However, such operations as switching of the airtight switching valves 18a and 18b, draining, cleaning, and filling the cooling tower 6 have expertise. It has to be performed by a technician and cannot be easily implemented by a clerk or the like.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the conventional apparatus, and can reduce the price of the air conditioner and can easily perform the switching operation between heating and cooling. It is an object of the present invention to provide an air-conditioning method and an air-conditioning apparatus having the above configuration.

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a waste heat generating section having at least an engine or a fuel cell, a waste heat utilizing refrigerator for converting waste heat of the waste heat generating section into warm water to generate cool heat, and It has a cooling tower that supplies cold heat to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator, a first heat exchanger for extracting the cold heat of the waste heat utilizing refrigerator, and a second heat exchanger for extracting the cold heat of the non-waste heat utilizing refrigerator. An air conditioner is installed, and in the summer, the warm water in the waste heat generating section is guided to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator to generate cold heat, and the cold heat of the waste heat utilizing refrigerator is guided to the first heat exchanger for cooling, and in the winter, The present invention relates to an air conditioning method characterized in that hot water in a waste heat generating section is bypassed to a waste heat utilization refrigerator to be directly guided to a first heat exchanger of an air conditioner for heating.

In the case where the waste heat generating section is a fuel cell, the flow path for guiding the hot water of the fuel cell to the first heat exchanger of the air conditioner in winter is a fuel cell side flow path and the first heat exchanger. Air-conditioning method, wherein a heat exchanger is provided between the fuel cell-side flow path and the first heat exchanger-side flow path, and pure water is used in the fuel cell-side flow path. It is related.

According to the present invention, there is provided a waste heat generating section having at least an engine or a fuel cell, a waste heat utilizing refrigerator for taking in hot water generated in the waste heat generating section through a hot water supply flow path to generate cold heat, A cooling tower connected to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator through a cooling passage, and a first heat exchanger connected to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator through a heat transfer passage, and a non-waste heat utilizing refrigerator. An air conditioner having a second heat exchanger connected via a cold heat receiving flow path, and a waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path connected so as to be able to communicate and shut off between the hot water supply flow path and the heat transfer flow path And an air conditioner comprising:

In the case where the waste heat generating section is a fuel cell, the waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path is separated into a fuel cell side flow path and a first heat exchanger side flow path. An air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchanger is provided between the flow path and the first heat exchanger-side flow path, and pure water is used for the fuel cell-side flow path.

According to the present invention, the operation is as follows.

When cooling in summer is required, the switching valve guides the hot water in the waste heat generating section to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator.
In addition, when heating in winter is required, the switching valve directly leads to the first heat exchanger of the air conditioner through the waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path. A commonly used inexpensive three-way valve or the like can be used, and thus the cost of the air conditioner can be significantly reduced.

Further, the switching operation of the switching valve can be easily performed, and the operation of the cooling tower is performed only in the summer season. The handling of the device can be simplified.

In the case where the waste heat generating section is a fuel cell, the bypass path for the waste heat utilizing refrigerator is divided by the fuel cell side flow path and the first heat exchanger side flow path into the first heat exchanger side flow path. The heat exchanger is cut off, the heat exchanger is provided between them, and pure water is used in the fuel cell side flow path, so that the fuel cell is not affected by the corrosion of the first heat exchanger. be able to.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another example of an embodiment of the present invention. And the detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 1, it is obtained from a waste heat generating unit 1 comprising an engine or a fuel cell for generating electric power in preparation for a relatively small-scale power consuming facility such as a convenience store or a restaurant in the restaurant industry. The hot water is guided to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 via the hot water supply flow path 3,
In addition, the cold water in the cooling tower 6 is guided to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 through the cooling channel 7.

On the other hand, the air conditioner 36 shown in FIG. 1 includes a first heat exchanger 19 and a second heat exchanger 20, and further includes a fan 21. The first heat exchanger 19 is connected to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 via the heat transfer passage 9, and circulates a fluid (for example, water) between the first heat exchanger 19 and the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2. The heat of the heat utilization refrigerator 2 is taken in. In addition, the second heat exchanger 20 is connected to a non-waste heat utilizing refrigerator 22 that performs refrigeration using a normal power supply.
3, and circulates a fluid (refrigerant) with the non-waste heat utilizing refrigerator 22 so as to take in the cold heat of the non-waste heat utilizing refrigerator 22.

Further, the hot water supply passage 3 and the heat transfer passage 9
Are connected by a waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path 24. At this time, the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 in the hot water supply passage 3
The supply side flow path 3a for the first heat exchanger 19 in the heat transfer flow path 9 and the supply side flow path 9a for the first heat exchanger 19 are connected by a supply side bypass flow path 24a. Also, a return-side flow path 3b for the waste heat generation unit 1 in the hot water supply flow path 3 and a return-side flow path 9b for the waste heat utilization refrigerator 2 in the heat transfer flow path 9
Are connected by the return side detour channel 24b.

Further, a switching valve 25, such as a three-way valve, is connected to a connection portion of the supply-side bypass flow passage 24a to the supply-side flow passages 3a, 9a.
26 are provided. A switching valve 27 such as a three-way valve is provided at a connection portion of the return-side bypass flow path 24b to the return-side flow paths 3b and 9b.
28 are provided.

Then, the switching valves 25, 26, 27, and 28 simultaneously perform a switching operation to circulate the hot water of the waste heat generating unit 1 to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 through the hot water supply passage 3, or The hot water of the waste heat generator 1 is supplied to the air conditioner 36 via the hot water supply flow path 3, the waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path 24, and the heat transfer flow path 9.
The first heat exchanger 19 is directly circulated.

The operation of the above embodiment will be described below.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, when cooling in summer is required, the switching valves 25, 26, 27, and 28 are switched to shut off the bypass channel 24 for the waste heat utilizing refrigerator, and the waste heat generating section 1 and the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 communicate with each other through the hot water supply flow path 3, and the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 and the first heat exchanger 1 of the air conditioner 36 are provided.
9 is in communication with the heat transfer channel 9.

This state is the same as that of the conventional cooling in FIG. 3, and the hot water of the waste heat generating section 1 is guided to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 through the hot water supply flow path 3 to obtain cold water. The cold water is supplied to the first heat exchanger 19 of the air conditioner 36 by the heat transfer passage 9.
, And cooling is performed. At this time, the cold water in the cooling tower 6 is guided to the condenser 5 (see FIG. 3) to condense the steam.

On the other hand, when heating is required in winter, the switching valves 25, 26, 27 and 28 are switched to switch the hot water supply passage 3
Is connected to the first heat exchanger 19 of the air conditioner 36 via the waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path 24 and the heat transfer flow path 9. At this time, the hot water of the waste heat generating unit 1 is supplied to the supply side flow path 3a of the hot water supply flow path 3, the supply side bypass flow path 24a, the supply side flow path 9a of the heat transfer flow path 9, the first heat exchanger 19, The heat is circulated to the waste heat generator 1 through the return flow path 9b of the heat transfer flow path 9, the return bypass flow path 24b, and the return flow path 3b of the hot water supply flow path 3.

As a result, the hot water of the waste heat generating section 1 bypasses the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 and is directly guided to the first heat exchanger 19, so that the air conditioner 36 performs effective heating. Will be.

When performing the above heating, the cooling tower 6 is not required because it is not necessary. The operation of the cooling tower 6 is limited to only the summer season in which cooling is performed. , Cleaning and water filling work are reduced.

When the amount of heat is insufficient during cooling, the operation of the non-waste heat utilizing refrigerator 22 can be used together. In addition, during a period in which cooling is performed infrequently, such as in spring and autumn, it is preferable to use the non-waste heat refrigerating machine 22 that has high thermal efficiency and can easily switch between operation and stop.

As described above, when the hot water of the waste heat generating unit 1 is guided to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator 2 to perform cooling,
Switching valves 25, 26, 27, 2 for switching the time when heating is performed by directly guiding the hot water to the first heat exchanger 19 of the air conditioner 36.
8, since only hot water is switched, a commonly used inexpensive three-way valve or the like can be used, so that the cost of the air conditioner can be significantly reduced.

The switching valves 25, 26, 2
The switching operation by the switches 7 and 28 can be easily performed even by a non-technical technician. Further, the cooling tower 6
The operation of the air conditioner is performed only in the summer season for cooling, and the operation and suspension are not repeated, so that the number of operations by a technician having specialized skills such as draining, cleaning, filling of the cooling tower 6 is reduced, The handling operation of the air conditioner can be simplified.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the waste heat generator 1 is a fuel cell. In the case of FIG. 2, the configuration of the waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path 24 is different from the configuration of FIG.

That is, in FIG. 2, the waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path 24 is connected to the supply flow path 3a and the return flow path 3b of the hot water supply flow path 3 via switching valves 29 and 30 such as three-way valves. And the supply-side passage 9 a of the heat transfer passage 9.
And a first heat exchanger side flow path 34 which communicates with the return side flow path 9b via switching valves 32 and 33 such as a three-way valve. A heat exchanger 35 is provided between the fuel cell side flow path 31 and the first heat exchanger side flow path 34. In the above description, pure water is used for the fuel cell side channel 31. On the other hand, the first heat exchanger side flow path 34 usually uses water or the like.

When the waste heat generator 1 is a fuel cell, it is necessary to cool the fuel cell with pure water. On the other hand, the first heat exchanger 19 corrodes to some extent. For this reason, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in addition to having the same operation as that of FIG. 1, the waste heat generation unit 1 is formed by the fuel cell side flow path 31 and the first heat exchanger side flow path 34. And the first heat exchanger 19 are separated from each other, a heat exchanger 35 is provided therebetween, and pure water is used for the fuel cell side flow path 31. Can be prevented from being affected.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be applied to a waste heat generating section other than the engine and the fuel cell, and may be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention. Can of course be added.

[0042]

According to the present invention, when cooling is required in summer, the switching valve guides the hot water in the waste heat generating section to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator, and when cooling is required in winter, the switching is performed. The valve is directly guided to the first heat exchanger of the air conditioner via the waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass channel, so a commonly used inexpensive three-way valve etc. should be used for the switching valve for switching hot water Therefore, there is an effect that the price of the air conditioner can be significantly reduced.

Further, the switching operation of the switching valve can be easily performed, and the operation of the cooling tower is performed only in the summer season, and the number of operations for draining, cleaning, and filling the cooling tower is reduced. There is an effect that the handling of the device can be simplified.

In the case where the waste heat generating section is a fuel cell, the bypass path for the waste heat utilizing refrigerator is divided by the fuel cell side flow path and the first heat exchanger side flow path into the first heat exchanger side flow path. The heat exchanger is cut off, the heat exchanger is provided between them, and pure water is used in the fuel cell side flow path so that the fuel cell is not affected by the corrosion of the first heat exchanger. There is an effect that can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic system diagram showing an example of a conventional air conditioner using waste heat.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste heat generation part 2 Waste heat utilization refrigerator 3 Hot water supply flow path 6 Cooling tower 7 Cooling flow path 9 Heat transfer flow path 19 First heat exchanger 20 Second heat exchanger 22 Non-waste heat utilization refrigerator 23 Cold heat receiving Flow path 24 Waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path 25, 26, 27, 28 Switching valve 29, 30 Switching valve 31 Fuel cell side flow path 32, 33 Switching valve 34 First heat exchanger side flow path 35 Heat exchanger 36 air conditioner

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hidefumi Takada 3-1-1-15 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. Tokyo Engineering Center (72) Inventor Narifumi Toshima 3-1-1, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. Tokyo Engineering Center F term (reference) 3L093 AA01 BB01 BB26 BB29 BB31 BB37 LL03

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A waste heat generating part having at least an engine or a fuel cell, a waste heat utilizing refrigerator for converting waste heat of the waste heat generating part into hot water to generate cool heat, and applying a cool heat to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator. A cooling tower to be supplied and an air conditioner having a first heat exchanger for extracting the cold heat of the waste heat utilizing refrigerator and a second heat exchanger for extracting the cold heat of the non-waste heat utilizing refrigerator are provided. The hot water in the waste heat generating section is guided to the waste heat utilizing refrigerator to generate cold heat, and the cold heat of the waste heat utilizing refrigerator is guided to the first heat exchanger to perform cooling. And an air conditioning method, wherein the heating is performed by bypassing the waste heat utilizing refrigerator and directly leading to the first heat exchanger of the air conditioner. 2. When the waste heat generating section is a fuel cell, a flow path for guiding hot water of the fuel cell to the first heat exchanger of the air conditioner in winter is a fuel cell side flow path and a first heat exchanger side. 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchanger is provided between the fuel cell side flow path and the first heat exchanger side flow path, and pure water is used in the fuel cell side flow path. Air conditioning method. 3. A waste heat generating unit having at least an engine or a fuel cell, a waste heat utilizing refrigerator for taking in hot water generated in the waste heat generating unit through a hot water supply flow path to generate cold heat, It has a cooling tower connected to a heat utilization refrigerator via a cooling passage, and a first heat exchanger connected to a waste heat utilization refrigerator via a heat transfer passage, and receives cold heat to a non-waste heat utilization refrigerator. An air conditioner having a second heat exchanger connected via a flow path, and a waste heat utilizing refrigerator bypass flow path connected so as to be able to communicate and shut off between the hot water supply flow path and the heat transfer flow path. An air conditioner comprising: 4. When the waste heat generating unit is a fuel cell, the bypass passage utilizing waste heat is separated into a fuel cell side flow path and a first heat exchanger side flow path. The air conditioner according to claim 3, wherein a heat exchanger is provided between the passage and the first heat exchanger-side passage, and pure water is used in the fuel cell-side passage.