JP2002125500A - New pasturing method by using free-barn cowshed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new pasturing method by disusing an installation for treating excreta. SOLUTION: This pasturing method makes the installation 16 for treating the excreta unnecessary by making a resting area 3 for pasturing a raising cow a fermentation bed when raising the raising cow in a free-barn cowshed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a free-range method using a free-burn barn that facilitates fermentation and drying in a resting room and enables recycle of litter without requiring a manure processing facility.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The current barn can be roughly classified into a free stall barn and a free barn barn. Both constitute a cowshed main body provided with a resting place, a feeding place or both facing the passage, and have a milking room and a manure treatment facility connected to the cowshed main body. The major difference between the two is the presence or absence of a free stall (cow bed) that controls the posture of the cow in the rest area.

[0003] In a free barn barn, it is difficult to keep the cow clean by controlling the posture of the cow because free stalls are not used. (1) Provide a slope to the pile of litter to be laid in the rest area and control the posture of the cow as much as possible (the cow only moves forward with respect to the climbing slope). (2) Use a blower to actively dry the litter. (3)
Manure on the feeding passage is regularly removed. (4) Remove litter at the rest area in a timely manner and replenish litter. In addition, (5)
In order to reuse compost as litter, it is necessary to dry it to about 40% moisture and mix the auxiliary materials appropriately.

[0004] The manure processing facility is a facility that achieves the above (4) and (5), and basically seeks to dry the litter using solar heat. Is used to enhance the drying ability.

[0005]

The manure processing facility is a facility for fermenting the litter by mixing the litter excreted by the rearing cattle with the litter to promote composting. Litters can now be used as useful recycled materials. However, the average amount of manure excreted per cow per day is about 60 kg, and in view of the fact that usually several tens to 100 or more cattle are raised, the spent manure to be treated at the manure processing facility is considered. The litter is huge. Even if the manure processing facility has the ability to compost all of these, there is a limit to where composted recycled materials can be provided (e.g., the absolute amount of compost required is small, Above is unacceptable). Against this background, a technique for reusing recycled materials as litter has recently been developed.

However, when the recycled material is reused as a litter, the amount that can be reused is limited, and the above problem has not been completely solved. Furthermore, in the conventional technology using a manure processing facility, litter contaminated with manure must be periodically brought into the manure processing facility, and then transported to the barn itself (usually a rest area) to reuse recycled materials. There is a problem that must be entered. Problems associated with such manure treatment facilities result in increased labor, effort and cost. Therefore, with the aim of eliminating the manure processing facility, we studied to develop a free-range method using a new freeburn barn.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of the examination, when the breeding cows are raised in a freeburn barn, the rest area where the breeding cows are released is set as a fermentation bed, and a manure processing facility is not required. This is a free-range method using a barn barn. Specifically, the maximum loading height of the litter to be loaded on the rest area is set to 0.8 to 1.8 m to make a fermentation bed, and the blower is placed on the litter surface 35
by disposing at a rate of one on m ² or less, while the free-range at a rate of one dog breeding cattle bedding surface 10 m ² or more in this rest field, Kirikaesu the litter rest field at a rate of at least once a week. The target reared cow in the present invention is mainly a dairy cow,
It can be a beef cattle.

[0008] The free barn barn of the present invention is characterized in that a litter having a maximum loading height of 0.8 to 1.8 m is loaded on a rest area, and the rest area itself is used as a fermentation bed, thereby eliminating the need for a manure processing facility. And Similarly, in a fermented-bed barn with a large loading height of a litter, a bedding (wood chips, sawdust, rice husk, bark, etc.) or a fermentation litter (microbes that promote fermentation is added to the litter) is usually a deeply dug rest area. ) Is supplied, the litter surface is made as flush as possible with the passage, and a dedicated stirring mechanism is provided for turning back the litter. On the other hand, in the present invention, it is possible to use a shovel loader or the like to periodically switch the litter,
It is easy and inexpensive to switch the litter.

[0009] For litter loaded above 0.8m loading height,
Manure excreted by domestic cattle is buried inside the loaded litter (feces)
Or, it is less likely to infiltrate (urine) and contaminate the reared cattle. In addition, since the loading height is larger than before (the conventional freeburn barn is more than 30 cm in height, about 60 cm at most), the heat retention effect that the activity temperature of the aerobic bacteria that decomposes manure can be maintained stably Easy to demonstrate. Bedding composted by fermentation
Use it as a reclaimed litter as it is. The blower not only scatters carbon dioxide generated by fermentation but also has a function of promoting evaporation of water. Since the loading height of the litter is large, even if the blower is provided on the cowshed main body ceiling, the distance from the blower to the litter surface is shortened. Although the blower also serves as a temperature control inside the barn main body, as described above, the main purpose is to evaporate the moisture, so as to secure the air volume more than the wind speed, increase the number of blowers than before or use a larger blower Is preferred.
When increasing the number of blowers, the blowers may be suspended from the barn main body at a rate of 35 m ² or less, more preferably 30 m ² or less.

The significance of increasing the loading height is that, in addition to the construction of an environment that promotes fermentation in the barn main body as described above, it is also possible to favorably switch the litter. Manure is buried or permeates inside the large litter, but remains at most in the upper part of the litter (near the litter surface), and most of the litter is not contaminated by the excrement. Therefore, by periodically switching (stirring) the entire litter, non-polluted litter can be moved to the upper loading section, and the litter surface directly contacted by reared cattle can be kept clean. Because of the significance of the loading height, it seems that it is desirable to increase the loading height of the litter as much as the barn body permits, but actually, when the loading height exceeds 1.6 m, cattle that show a rejection reaction begin to appear. The loading height of the litter is 0.8 to 1.8 m, preferably 1.0 to 1.6 m.

[0011] Freeburn barns are originally free stalls.
To prevent contamination by mutual excretion of cattle.
To reduce the number of breeding cattle compared to free stall barns
Although the freeburn barn of the present invention is basically
Since litter is not replaced, contamination of cattle raised immediately after excretion is reduced.
To increase the floor area allocated to each cattle
Good. In addition, because the litter surface of the rest area becomes higher,
The space for raised cattle in the barn is narrow in the height direction
Breeding from the viewpoint of giving room in the horizontal direction
It is better to widen the floor allocated to each cow. Preferably,
Beef raising 15m on the floor ^TwoAs described above, one animal is left free.

Further, the freeburn barn according to the present invention promotes fermentation of the litter in the barn main body by replacing the litter containing manure with a litter which has not been contaminated without transferring the litter to the manure processing facility. Keep the litter surface clean. However, it is costly to provide separate equipment only for this switching, and because this equipment is located in the barn main body, it gives a feeling of spatial pressure to the breeding cow and may damage the breeding cow in some cases. It could be. Therefore, the shovel loader is put into the rest area, and the litter is easily and quickly turned back. In the conventional fermentation floor, since the litter is digged and the litter is put in, such a shovel loader cannot be used for turning back, but in the present invention, the litter is only loaded on the floor equivalent to the rest area, Can be switched back by a mechanical operator as described above. The litter should be turned back at least once a week, preferably once every four to five days.
The frequency of switching is different, but the frequency of switching back and forth varies depending on the difference in environment due to seasons and regional differences.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a freeburn barn to which the present invention is applied (arrows in the drawing are flow lines), and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a barn main body 1 in the barn. The configuration shown in Fig. 1 is similar to a typical freeburn barn,
Actually, combinations and arrangements of the passage 2, the rest area 3, the feeding area 4, the waiting area 5, or the milking room 6 are various and are not limited to the illustration. The fundamental difference from the past is that manure processing facilities
This is the point that there is no 16 (in FIG. 1, it is indicated by a broken line frame for comparison). In addition, a ventilation fan (blower) 9 directed toward the litter surface 8 at a ratio of one per 30 m ² or less with respect to the barn floor 7.
Are suspended from the cowshed main body ceiling 10. In this example,
A ventilation window 11 is provided on the wall surface 12 and the ceiling 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, the floor 7 of the cowshed main body including the rest area 3, the passage 2 and the feeding area 4 constituting the cowshed main body 1 is substantially flat. A litter 13 with a loading height of 1.6 m is loaded on the uppermost part as an upward slope. By setting the rest area 3 as an uphill slope, the attitude of the breeding cow can be controlled by using the behavior of the cow that only advances toward the uphill slope. The end of the passage is connected to an entrance 14 of a rearing cow and a shovel loader (working vehicle having a stirring function by a bucket).

If the floor area of the resting place 3 is 1000 m ² , the number of ventilation fans 9 is 33 or more, and the number of breeding cattle is 100 or less (preferably 67 or less). At a certain rate, the litter 13 is turned back by the shovel loader. As the litter 13, conventionally known wood chips, sawdust, rice husk and bark can be used, but a configuration mainly composed of sawdust (eg, sawdust and rice husk) is preferable. The composition of the litter 13, the loading height, and the switching frequency can be changed or adjusted depending on differences in environment due to seasons and regional differences.

[0016]

EXAMPLE A freeburn barn according to the present invention (see FIGS. 1 and 2) was constructed in a mountainous area in Chugoku region, and dairy cows were actually raised to confirm the utility. The floor area of the rest area in the barn used was 1260 m ² and 70 dairy cows were raised (1 dairy cow / 1
8m ² ). In addition, litter (sawdust and rice husk) was loaded uniformly at a loading height of 1.0 m or more to facilitate examination. The litter was cut back by riding a shovel loader into the barn body.

From the breeding throughout the year, the loading height of the litter is 1.
It has been found that 6 m or less is a critical value of suitable breeding conditions. In addition, the turnover interval of the litter has little variation depending on the season, and it has been found that the frequency is most preferably once every four to five days throughout the year. Naturally I did not change the litter,
Excreted manure was reduced by about 80% in summer and about 20% in winter. Because it was a test for extraction of optimal conditions, it did not lead to complete decomposition of manure, but especially in summer.
An 80% reduction is a significant effect.

[0018]

According to the free-range method using the freeburn barn of the present invention, the manure processing facility can be eliminated. Sawdust is said to be relatively expensive as a litter, but in the present invention, without replacing or replenishing it, in order to continue using the loaded litter semipermanently, a large amount of litter is required as an initial investment, Operating costs are reduced.
In addition, since a large amount of litter is used, the amount of excrement relative to the litter is relatively reduced, and the litter can be buried or permeated by turning back to keep the litter surface clean at all times. In the conventional freeburn barn, it was difficult to keep the litter surface clean, and thus the new freeburn barn to which the present invention is applied also has an effect of improving cleanliness as a breeding environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a freeburn barn to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a cowshed main body in the cowshed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Rest area 4 Feeding area 9 Ventilation fan 13 Litter

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A free-range method using a freeburn barn, wherein a resting place for raising and rearing the reared cattle in a freeburn barn is a fermentation bed and a manure processing facility is not required. 2. The maximum loading height of the litter to be loaded on the rest area is 0.
A fermentation floor of 8 to 1.8 m is used, and a blower is arranged at a rate of 35 m ² or less at a litter surface of less than 35 m <sup>2.
2. The</sup> free-range method using a free-burn barn according to claim 1, wherein the litter of the rest area is cut back at least once a week while leaving one litter at 10 m ² or more.