JP2002107071A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To feed liquid fuel more uniformly to the entire area of the body of a heat exchanger. SOLUTION: A combustion gas passage, through which combustion gas A flowing in from a combustion gas inlet 17 passes is formed in the first and second heat exchanger bodies 23 and 19, respectively, toward a combustion gas outlet 21. A liquid fuel B, that is a mixture of methanol and water, is fed to a gap 51 between a dispersion plate 47 and the upper plate 49 from a fuel feed opening 57, and it is dispersed and fed to the whole of the first heat exchanger body 23 through many holes of the dispersion plate 47. In the first and second heat exchanger bodies 23 and 19, fuel passages 23a and 19a, through which is liquid fuel B passes, are formed, respectively directed toward upward and downward directions across the combustion gas passage and partition plate, and the liquid fuel passes through the fuel passages 23a and 19a, so as perform heat exchange with the combustion gas and then vaporize. The underside of many holes of the dispersion plate 47 is chamfered, so that the liquid fuel B flowing down the holes accumulates in a chamfer to become drops and fall down. Thereby, the confluence of the liquid fuel, flowing down from the adjacent holes, is avoided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method of supplying liquid fuel from above a heat medium passage through which a high-temperature heat medium passes to a fuel passage adjacent to the heat medium passage with a partition wall interposed therebetween. The present invention relates to a heat exchanger that vaporizes by exchanging heat with a high-temperature heat medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is a so-called methanol reforming type fuel cell system in which methanol as a raw material is reformed to generate hydrogen, and the obtained hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell to generate power. In this fuel cell system, it is necessary to supply methanol required for hydrogen as steam and water required for the reforming reaction as steam to a reforming reactor for reforming methanol.

A heat exchanger functioning as an evaporator for evaporating the liquid fuel in which methanol and water are mixed is shown in FIG. 12 as a perspective view and FIG. 13 as a side view. A first heat exchanger main body 5 and a second heat exchanger main body 3 are accommodated in a body 1 of the heat exchanger, respectively, and a high-temperature combustion gas is provided upstream of the second heat exchanger main body 3. A combustion gas inlet 7 into which A is introduced, and a combustion gas outlet 9 through which the combustion gas after heat exchange is discharged are formed downstream of the first heat exchanger body 5.

As shown in FIG. 14, the first heat exchanger main body 5 and the second heat exchanger main body 3 have combustion gas passages 5a and 3a extending in the horizontal direction, through which the combustion gas A passes. At the same time, a fuel passage 5 extending vertically in the combustion gas passages 5a and 3a with a partition plate interposed therebetween.
b and 3b, respectively. Liquid fuel B in which methanol and water are mixed passes through the fuel passages 5b and 3b.

[0005] Further, on the upper part of the first heat exchanger body 5,
A distribution plate 11 for fuel supply as shown in FIG. 15 is installed, and a gap through which the liquid fuel B is supplied is formed in the entire upper portion of the distribution plate 11. The dispersion plate 11 has many holes 11
a is provided so as to penetrate in the vertical direction, and by supplying the liquid fuel B to the above-described gap from the direction shown in FIG. 13, the liquid fuel B is supplied from many holes 11 a as shown in FIG. 14. Then, it falls toward the first heat exchanger main body 5 and further flows upward through the second heat exchanger main body 3 through the lower passage of the body 1, so that the high-temperature combustion gas A Exchanges heat to form steam. The vaporized mixture of methanol and water flows out of the fuel outlet 13 and is supplied to a reforming reactor (not shown).

[0006]

By the way, the liquid fuel B
Is supplied to the first heat exchanger main body 5, the dispersion plate 11
Is provided with a large number of holes 11a so that the liquid fuel B can be distributed over the entire area of the first heat exchanger body 5. The interval between the large number of holes 11a is reduced to some extent, in other words, by providing a larger number of holes 11a, the liquid fuel B can be more uniformly distributed over the entire area of the first heat exchanger 5. Can be supplied.

However, if the distance between the large number of holes 11a is too small, the liquid fuels B flowing out of the adjacent holes 11a will merge at the lower surface of the dispersion plate 11, and a large amount of the liquid fuel B will flow to a specific portion. As a result, there is a problem that the liquid fuel B cannot be supplied uniformly over the entire area of the first heat exchanger body 5 and a sufficient function as a heat exchanger cannot be exhibited.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to make it possible to more uniformly supply liquid fuel to the entire area of the heat exchanger body.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel supply system comprising a fuel medium which is adjacent to a heat medium passage through which a high-temperature heat medium passes, with the heat medium passage and a partition wall therebetween. In a heat exchanger that supplies liquid fuel to a passage, and the liquid fuel exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat medium and evaporates, a fuel provided with a large number of holes through which the liquid fuel passes above the heat medium passage A supply plate is provided, and the periphery of the opening on the fuel outflow side of the plurality of holes is chamfered.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a liquid fuel is supplied from above a heat medium passage through which a high-temperature heat medium passes to a fuel passage adjacent to the heat medium passage with a partition wall interposed therebetween. In the heat exchanger that evaporates by exchanging heat with the heat medium, a fuel supply plate having a large number of holes through which the liquid fuel passes is provided above the heat medium passage, and a fuel outflow side of the large number of holes is provided. A counterbore is provided on the periphery of the opening.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a liquid fuel is supplied from above a heat medium passage through which a high-temperature heat medium passes to a fuel passage adjacent to the heat medium passage with a partition wall interposed therebetween. In the heat exchanger which evaporates by exchanging heat with the heat medium, a fuel supply plate having a plurality of holes through which the liquid fuel passes is provided above the heat medium passage, and the plurality of holes of the fuel supply plate are provided. On the fuel outflow side from the fuel cell, a projection is provided to partition the plurality of holes.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the third aspect of the invention, the protrusion is integrated with the fuel supply plate.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the third aspect of the invention, the projection is formed of a grid-like member that is separate from the fuel supply plate. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a liquid fuel is supplied from above a heat medium passage through which a high-temperature heat medium passes to a fuel passage adjacent to the heat medium passage with a partition wall interposed therebetween. A heat supply plate having a large number of holes through which the liquid fuel passes, and a fuel supply plate having a large number of holes through which the liquid fuel passes; On the outflow side, a groove is provided to partition between the large number of holes.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the liquid fuel is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen required for a fuel cell, and the vaporized mixed fuel reforms methanol to produce hydrogen. It is configured to be supplied to a reforming reactor.

[0015]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a fuel supply having a plurality of holes through which a liquid fuel for performing heat exchange with the heat medium flowing through the heat medium passage passes above the heat medium passage in the heat exchanger. Since the plate is provided and the periphery of the opening on the fuel outflow side of the large number of holes is chamfered, even if the space between adjacent holes is narrowed, the liquid fuel flowing out of the holes is chamfered in each hole. It is possible to avoid the liquid fuels that have fallen as droplets held by the part and fall and flow out of the adjacent holes, and as a result, the liquid fuel can be more uniformly supplied to the entire area of the heat exchanger.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a fuel supply plate having a plurality of holes through which a liquid fuel for performing heat exchange with the heat medium flowing through the heat medium passage passes above the heat medium passage in the heat exchanger. A counterbore is provided on the periphery of the opening on the fuel outflow side of the large number of holes, so that even if the space between adjacent holes is narrowed, the liquid fuel flowing out of the holes remains in each of the holes. After being held by the boring part, the liquid fuel drops and falls, and it is possible to avoid the merging of the liquid fuels flowing out of the adjacent holes. As a result, the liquid fuel can be supplied more uniformly to the entire area of the heat exchanger. .

According to the third aspect of the present invention, a fuel supply plate having a large number of holes through which liquid fuel for performing heat exchange with the heat medium flowing through the heat medium passage passes above the heat medium passage in the heat exchanger. Provided, on the fuel outflow side from the large number of holes of the fuel supply plate, since a projection is provided to partition between the large number of holes, even if the interval between adjacent holes is reduced,
The liquid fuel flowing out of the holes is blocked by the projections, so that the liquid fuels flowing out of the adjacent holes can be prevented from merging with each other. As a result, the liquid fuel can be more uniformly supplied to the entire area of the heat exchanger.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the projection is integrated with the fuel supply plate, when the projection is provided,
There is no need to add new parts, and an increase in the number of parts can be avoided.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the projection is formed of a lattice-like member which is separate from the fuel supply plate, the operation of processing the projection on the fuel supply plate becomes unnecessary, and the processing operation is easy. Becomes

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a fuel supply plate having a large number of holes through which liquid fuel for performing heat exchange with the heat medium flowing through the heat medium passage passes above the heat medium passage in the heat exchanger. A groove is provided on the fuel supply plate on the fuel outflow side from the large number of holes to partition between the large number of holes. Therefore, even if the space between adjacent holes is narrowed, the liquid fuel flowing out of the hole is provided. Can be prevented from being joined by the liquid fuels which are blocked by the grooves and flow out from the adjacent holes, and as a result, the liquid fuel can be more uniformly supplied to the entire area of the heat exchanger.

According to the invention of claim 7, since the liquid fuel is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for generating hydrogen required for the fuel cell, the mixed fuel can be surely vaporized, Hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell can be reliably generated in the reforming reactor.

[0022]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a heat exchanger showing an embodiment of the present invention. This heat exchanger has the same basic structure as the conventional heat exchanger shown in FIG. Yes, only the dispersion plate shown in FIG. 15 has a different configuration from the conventional one.

That is, the heat exchanger described above is
5, a second heat exchanger body 19 is provided on the side of the combustion gas inlet 17.
However, the first heat exchanger main body 23 is accommodated in the combustion gas outlet 21 side, respectively. A lower portion of the fuel passage 23a in the first heat exchanger main body 23;
A fuel communication passage 25 communicating with the lower end of the fuel passage 19a in the second heat exchanger body 19 is formed. The fuel communication passage 25 is formed by closing a lower opening of the body 15 with a lower plate 27.

A fuel outlet 2 is provided at the upper end of the fuel passage 19a.
9 are in communication. The fuel outlet 29 is connected to a reforming reactor (not shown) that introduces respective vapors of methanol and water to generate hydrogen.

FIG. 1 shows the fuel passages 19a and 23a.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the combustion gas passages 19b and 23b as a heat medium passage through which a combustion gas as a high-temperature heat medium passes. FIG.
2 is a plan sectional view showing a part of the fuel passages 19a and 23a, that is, a sectional view seen from above and below in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a combustion gas passage 19b and 23b shown in FIG.
FIG. 2 is a view as viewed from the left-right direction as viewed from the left and right.

As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of plate-like fins 31 are arranged in the fuel passages 19a and 23a so as to extend in the vertical direction in FIG. 1, while in the combustion gas passages 19b and 23b, As shown in FIG. 4, fins 33 formed in a wave shape are arranged. Further, between the fins 31 and 33, the fuel passages 19a and 23a and the combustion gas passage 19 are provided.
A partition plate 35 is provided as a partition that separates b and 23b.

As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel passage 19a
The left and right ends of the fuel passage 23 prevent the combustion gas A from flowing into the fuel passage 19a by the sealing members 37 and 38, and the left and right ends of the fuel passage 23a are sealed by the sealing members 39 and 40 into the fuel passage 23a of the combustion gas A. The inflow of is blocked. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper and lower ends of the combustion gas passage 19b prevent the liquid fuel B from flowing into the combustion gas passage 19b by the sealing members 41 and 42, and the fuel gas passage 2b.
The upper and lower ends of 3b prevent the liquid fuel B from flowing into the combustion gas passage 23b by the sealing members 43 and 44.

A fuel supply unit 45 is provided in an upper opening of the body 15 corresponding to the upper part of the first heat exchanger main body 23. The fuel supply unit 45 is provided with fuel between a distribution plate 47 as a fuel supply plate, which is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 5, and a top plate 49 disposed on the distribution plate 47. A gap 51 to be supplied is formed. Upper plate 4 of dispersion plate 47
A belt-shaped gap forming member 5 is provided on three sides around the 9-side surface.
The gap 51 is formed by placing the upper plate 49 on the gap forming member 53.

The end of the dispersion plate 47 on the side where the gap forming member 53 is not provided is bent downward in an L-shape, and the fuel supply bracket 55 is fixed to the bent portion. ing. A fuel supply hole 57 communicating with the gap 51 is formed in the fuel supply bracket 55. Liquid fuel B in which methanol and water are mixed is supplied to the fuel supply hole 57. Further, a cover 59 is mounted on the upper portion of the upper plate 49.

A large number of holes 61 through which the liquid fuel B passes are formed in the dispersion plate 47 so as to substantially correspond to the entire upper surface of the first heat exchange main body 23. FIG. 6A shows the dispersion plate 4.
7 is a bottom view showing a part of FIG. 7, and FIG.
It is C sectional drawing. The plurality of holes 61 are chamfered 63 on the lower surface side facing the first heat exchanger main body 23. The dispersion plate 47 is made of stainless steel and has a thickness of 1 mm.
Then, the size of the hole 61 is φ0.5, and the size of the chamfer 63 is C0.7. Such chamfers 63 are formed in all the holes 61 in advance. Note that the chamfer 63 is not limited to 45 degrees.

In the heat exchanger having the above-described structure, the combustion gas A flowing from the combustion gas inlet 17 is supplied to the combustion gas passage 19b of the second heat exchanger body 19 and the combustion gas of the first heat exchanger body 23. The gas sequentially passes through the passage 23b and flows out of the combustion gas outlet 21 to the outside. On the other hand, the liquid fuel B in which methanol and water are mixed is supplied from the fuel supply hole 57 to the gap 51 between the dispersion plate 47 and the upper plate 49 and spreads over almost the entire area of the gap 51. Thereafter, the liquid fuel B passes through the many holes 61 and passes through the first heat exchanger main body 2.
3 and passes through a fuel passage 19a of the second heat exchanger main body 19 through the fuel communication passage 25, and heat exchanges with the combustion gas at this time. As a result, heat is exchanged with the combustion gas, and all of the gas is discharged from the fuel outlet 29 to the outside of the heat exchanger in a vaporized state, and supplied to a reforming reactor (not shown).

When the liquid fuel B drops into the first heat exchanger main body 23 from the large number of holes 61, the outlet of each hole 61 is chamfered 63. Each accumulates due to surface tension and then drops as drops. For this reason, even if the adjacent holes 61 are arranged to be close to each other to a certain extent, the liquid fuel B flowing out from the adjacent holes 61 does not merge. As a result, the liquid fuel B can be more uniformly supplied to the entire area of the first heat exchanger main body 23, and the function as the heat exchanger can be sufficiently exhibited.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which a counterbore 65 is formed on the lower surface of the hole 61. FIG. 7A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate 47, and FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. 7A. By providing the counterbore 65, as in the case of the counterbore shown in FIG. 6, the liquid fuel B accumulates at the spot of the counterbore 65, drops as a drop, and the same effect as that of FIG. 6 can be obtained.

FIG. 8 shows a square recess 6 around a hole 61.
This is an example in which No. 7 is formed. 8A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate 47, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG. 8A. By forming the recess 67 around the hole 61,
The projections 68 that partition the holes 61 from each other are formed in a lattice shape. In this case, the liquid fuel B flowing out of the hole 61 accumulates in the concave portion 67 and is blocked by the projection 68.
Merging of the liquid fuels B flowing out from the adjacent holes 61 is avoided, and the same effect as in the example of FIG. 6 can be obtained.

FIG. 9 shows a state in which a hole 61 is surrounded by an adjacent hole 61.
A lattice-like groove 69 for partitioning between them is formed.
FIG. 9A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate 47, and FIG.
FIG. 9B is a sectional view taken along line FF of FIG. By forming the lattice-shaped grooves 69, the area surrounded by the grooves 69 becomes the square-shaped protrusion 71. In this case, the liquid fuels B flowing out from the adjacent holes 61 to the lower surface of the distribution plate 47 are
9, the liquid fuel B collected in the convex portion 71 around the hole 61 drops as drops, and the same effect as that of FIG. 6 can be obtained.

In the examples of FIGS. 6 to 9 described above,
What is necessary is just to machine the dispersing plate 47 with a chamfer 63 or the like, and another component is not necessary, and an increase in the number of components is avoided.

In FIG. 10, a lattice-like member 73 serving as a projection is fixed to the lower surface of the dispersion plate 47, and the holes 61 are positioned so as to be surrounded by the lattice portion. FIG. 10 (a)
FIG. 10B is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate 47, and FIG.
It is GG sectional drawing of (a). In this case, the liquid fuel B flowing out from the lower surface of the hole 61 accumulates inside the lattice portion,
Since it falls as a drop, the same effect as that of FIG. 6 can be obtained.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which the area inside the lattice portion of the lattice-like member 75 serving as a projection is increased with respect to the example of FIG.
The inside of the lattice portion corresponds to each hole 61. FIG.
FIG. 11A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate 47, and FIG.
(B) is an HH sectional view of FIG. 11 (a). Also in this case, the liquid fuel B flowing out from the lower surface of the hole 61 accumulates inside the lattice portion and drops as a drop, so that the same effect as that of FIG. 6 can be obtained.

In the examples of FIGS. 10 and 11 described above, the processing for the dispersion plate 47 only requires the holes 61, and the processing operation is facilitated.

In the examples of FIGS. 8 to 11,
By processing the hole 61 after providing the concave portion 67, the groove 69, and the lattice members 73 and 75, for example, the hole 61 can be easily arranged inside the lattice portion of the lattice member 73, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. be able to.

The shape of the periphery of the hole 61 on the lower surface of the dispersion plate 47 is not limited to the above examples.
Instead of the chamfer 63 and the counterbore 65 in FIGS. 6 and 7, the lower surface side of the hole 61 may be a concave curved surface, the square concave portion 67 in FIG. 8 may be circular, or the square convex in FIG. The groove 69 may be formed so that the portion 71 has a circular shape. Further, for example, expanded metal is used instead of the lattice members 73 and 75 in FIGS.
You may make it fix to the lower surface of the dispersion plate 47.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a fuel passage portion of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a heat gas passage portion of the heat exchanger of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view showing a part of the fuel passage shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a view in which a part of the combustion gas passage shown in FIG. 2 is viewed from the left and right directions.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a fuel supply unit in the heat exchanger of FIG.

6A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate in the fuel supply unit of FIG. 5, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.

FIGS. 7A and 7B show a modification of FIG. 6, wherein FIG. 7A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate, and FIG.

8A and 8B are examples in which a concave portion is formed around a hole on the lower surface of the dispersion plate, FIG. 8A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate, and FIG.

FIG. 9 is an example in which lattice-shaped grooves are formed around holes on the lower surface of the dispersion plate, where (a) is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate, and (b).
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line FF of FIG.

10A and 10B are examples in which a lattice-like member is fixed to the lower surface of a dispersion plate, FIG. 10A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate, and FIG. 10B is a GG sectional view of FIG.

11A and 11B are examples in which another lattice-shaped member is fixed to the lower surface of the dispersion plate, FIG. 11A is a bottom view showing a part of the dispersion plate, and FIG. .

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the entire conventional heat exchanger.

FIG. 13 is a side view of the heat exchanger of FIG.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing flows of fuel and combustion gas in the heat exchanger of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a distribution plate in the heat exchanger of FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 19a, 23a Fuel passage 19b, 23b Combustion gas passage (heat medium passage) 35 Partition plate (partition wall) 47 Dispersion plate (fuel supply plate) 61 Hole 63 Chamfer 65 Counterbore 68 Projection 69 Groove 73, 75 Grid -Shaped member (projection) A Combustion gas (heat medium) B Liquid fuel

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A heat medium passage 2 through which a high-temperature heat medium A passes.
3b, the liquid fuel B is supplied to the adjacent fuel passage 23a across the heat medium passage 23b and the partition wall 35, and the liquid fuel B exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat medium A to be vaporized. In the upper part of the heat medium passage 23b,
A heat exchanger, comprising: a fuel supply plate 47 provided with a large number of holes 61 through which the liquid fuel B passes; and a chamfer 63 at the periphery of the opening of the large number of holes 61 on the fuel outflow side. 2. A heat medium passage 2 through which a high-temperature heat medium A passes.
3b, the liquid fuel B is supplied to the adjacent fuel passage 23a across the heat medium passage 23b and the partition wall 35, and the liquid fuel B exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat medium A to be vaporized. In the upper part of the heat medium passage 23b,
A heat supply plate 47 having a plurality of holes 61 through which the liquid fuel B passes, and a counterbore 65 provided at a periphery of an opening on the fuel outflow side of the plurality of holes 61; . 3. A heat medium passage 2 through which a high-temperature heat medium A passes.
3b, the liquid fuel B is supplied to the adjacent fuel passage 23a across the heat medium passage 23b and the partition wall 35, and the liquid fuel B exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat medium A to be vaporized. In the upper part of the heat medium passage 23b,
A fuel supply plate 47 having a plurality of holes 61 through which the liquid fuel B passes is provided, and the fuel supply plate 47 has a plurality of holes 61 on a fuel outflow side from the plurality of holes 61.
A heat exchanger comprising projections 68, 73, 75 for partitioning each other. 4. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the projection is integrated with the fuel supply plate. 5. The projections 73 and 75 are provided on the fuel supply plate 4.
The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger is configured by lattice members 73 and 75 that are separate from the heat exchanger 7. 6. A heat medium passage 2 through which a high-temperature heat medium A passes.
3b, the liquid fuel B is supplied to the adjacent fuel passage 23a across the heat medium passage 23b and the partition wall 35, and the liquid fuel B exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat medium A to be vaporized. In the upper part of the heat medium passage 23b,
A fuel supply plate 47 having a plurality of holes 61 through which the liquid fuel B passes is provided, and the fuel supply plate 47 has a plurality of holes 61 on a fuel outflow side from the plurality of holes 61.
A heat exchanger comprising a groove 69 for partitioning between the heat exchangers. 7. The liquid fuel B is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for generating hydrogen required for a fuel cell, and the vaporized mixed fuel is a reforming reaction for reforming methanol to generate hydrogen. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is supplied to a heat exchanger.