JP2002104988A - Method for extracting mushroom ingredient from mushroom mycelium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for extracting mushroom ingredients from mushroom mycelia, by which β-glucan and useful substances as the mushroom ingredients can efficiently be extracted at a low cost without using ethyl alcohol, a sodium hydroxide solution.enzyme. SOLUTION: The active ingredients of the mushroom are extracted by loosing 0.5 to 10 g of a mushroom solid culture medium, leaving the loosed culture medium in a 18 to 30 deg.C room having a humidity of 85 to 95% for one to two days, immersing the obtained grown aerial mycelia in a low concentration salt water or low concentration bittern-dissolved aqueous solution, and then subjecting the solution to an aeration agitation to dissolve the tip portions of the mushroom fungi.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an antitumor activity effect of a β-glucan, glucomannan-protein complex or the like, which has an inhibitory effect on cancer and a hypoglycemic effect from a mycelium of a mushroom, and is effective for increasing immune activity. The present invention relates to a technique for inexpensively extracting useful substances contained in mushrooms, in addition to extracting substances having the above-mentioned characteristics, and to produce a composite extract with other useful bacteria.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional method for extracting an active ingredient of Agaricus blazeimril or mushroom, an extraction method using ethyl alcohol as a solvent (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
7), an extraction method using an enzyme (JP-A-10-28758)
4), an extraction method that does not use dried agaricus mushrooms (JP-A-11-235162) and the like are known. As a method for extracting β-glucan from mushrooms, a method using a sodium hydroxide (5%) solution is known.

[0003]

In the prior art, a complicated extraction step is required, or a high-priced enzyme needs to be introduced, and β-glucan and immunostimulatory effects can be obtained from mushroom mycelium. In order to extract the substances contained therein, chemicals such as manufacturing equipment and enzymes are expensive, and an inexpensive mushroom extract cannot be supplied. An object of the present invention is to obtain an inexpensive and high-quality extract of mushrooms by utilizing the characteristics of mushrooms and the autolyzing enzymes.

[0004]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, aerial mycelium grows in a mycelium of a solid culture of mushroom fungi. As the culture medium at this time, there is a culture medium in which a sawdust medium or corn cob meal is mixed with an auxiliary component such as okara as a conventional method. In the case of Agaricus blazeimril mushroom, there is a culture medium shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 11-299777.

After filling the above-mentioned culture medium into a container, the cells are inoculated and the hypha is cultured for one to four months. The container has a size of about 500 milliliters to 3 liters, which is convenient for handling. A hole is required for ventilation, but it is covered with a nonwoven fabric or paper having a microporous structure to prevent germs.

After the cultivation, it is confirmed that the mycelia have turned around, and the cells are loosened to obtain 0.5 to 10 g of cells. The temperature of this mycelium is controlled at room temperature of 18 to 30 ° C., and the temperature is controlled depending on the type of mushroom.
C) If left in a room at a humidity of 85 to 95%, development of aerial hyphae can be observed. When the aerial hypha grows to 3 to 10 mm, the electric conductivity is 7.0 ms / cm or more and 28.9 m.
It is desirable to use nutrient-free water with a salt concentration of s / cm or less (use a salt rich in minerals or bittern to adjust electric conductivity). In this saline or bittern water,
200 g to 500 g are immersed in one liter. The efficiency of the stirring step described later is preferably about 350 g per liter. However, to obtain a high-concentration extract, the amount may be increased. The electric conductivity concentration was determined from the values described in (Table 1). As a result, if the salt concentration is too high, the separation operation becomes difficult to remove the salt when used, so that an appropriate concentration region is set.

[Table 1]

Vent or stir for 24-48 hours. Experiments have shown that this time is about 36 hours when a polyphenol component such as tannin is large in the culture medium to produce an extract with no tannin dissolution and no bitterness. If the oxygen concentration does not become 2 PPM or less, any method may be used, but usually, aeration or stirring is performed so that the oxygen concentration does not decrease so as not to rot and to maintain the activity of the autolyzing enzyme in the mushroom. adjust. In addition, when the oxygen concentration is increased to a high concentration, after the phenomenon that the tip of the mycelium rounds in water occurs, spherical bacterial cells may be generated, so adjust so as not to supply oxygen more than necessary. . A suitable temperature is 20 to 40 ° C.
Β-glucan dissolves into the solution from the tip of the mycelium during stirring. This is based on the fact that β-glucan and chitin are not yet bound at the mycelium tip, and β-glucan easily dissolves in water.

[0008] The above-mentioned aqueous solution contains a mixture of the solid matter of the culture medium and the dissolved matter from the tip of the mycelium, and the solid matter is filtered through a cloth or diatomaceous earth suitable for filtration, and then subjected to solid-liquid separation or centrifugation. And solid-liquid separation in the same manner.

According to a second aspect, Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus oryzae which has been liquid-cultured in advance in a mixed solution prior to solid-liquid separation of the lysate from the mixture of the culture medium and the mycelium tip obtained in the first aspect・ Sojie, Aspergillus niger), fungus such as black mold, mildew, red bread mold, Rhizopus bacterium, lactic acid bacterium used when we make tempura. PH4-6
The oxygen concentration and the temperature (20 to 40) at which the autolyzing enzymes of mushrooms and the autolyzing enzymes of the aforementioned bacteria work.
C.) for 12 to 60 hours to obtain a mushroom mycelium component and a lysate and product of the microorganism to be administered.

In a third aspect, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, L-ascorbic acid and other organic acids are individually or appropriately adjusted in the liquid mixture of the culture medium and the mycelium tip obtained in the first aspect. And add. Oxygen concentration 2PP
The pH is adjusted to 4 to 6 above M and the temperature is maintained at 20 to 40 ° C. for 12 to 60 hours to obtain a mushroom mycelium component solution.

[0011] In a fourth aspect, the mixed liquid of the culture medium and the mycelium tip obtained in the first aspect is added to alum or alum.
Sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate or a substance which is dissolved and shows weak alkalinity is added to adjust the pH to 7 to 8. B. subtilis that has been cultured in this liquid beforehand
Alternatively, Streptococcus faecalis is charged, and an oxygen concentration of 2 PPM or more is maintained for 12 hours to 60 hours to obtain a lysate of the mushroom and the microorganism to be administered.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the examples, Agaricus blazeimril mushroom was used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
In the production step 1 of FIG. 1, the mushroom mycelium is solid-cultured.
In the embodiment, Agaricus blazeemuriru mushroom (Japanese Patent Application No. 11
-299777).

In the manufacturing process 2, the mycelium was loosened into a mass of about 5 g, and the aerial mycelium was developed in a clean room at a temperature of 26 ° C. and a humidity of 90%. In 2 days, the aerial hypha developed to around 1 cm.

In the production steps 3 and 4, 70 kg of the developed hypha mass was adjusted with mineral-rich salt (in the example, salt produced from the deep water off Muroto was used). / Cm of water and maintained at 30 ° C for 36 hours with aeration and stirring.

The aqueous solution thus obtained was filtered with a fine cloth and the components were measured.
rganic substances Mie) and AB-FP (Agaricus)
A substance having an anticancer action and an immunostimulatory action such as brazeiculture filtrate polysaccharides) was obtained.

Furthermore, Aspergillus niger bacteria liquid-cultured in PD medium in advance are directly added to the mixed solution before solid-liquid separation shown in the manufacturing process 6.1, and the mixture is aerated after 24 hours. Although the pH dropped to 4.5, aeration and agitation were further maintained. The mixture thus obtained was filtered with a cloth (manufacturing step 7) to perform solid-liquid separation. ATOM, A
The amount of B-FP was measured.
Double the amount was obtained. (Table 2 shows the analysis values)

[Table 2]

As a result of a similar test of the production steps 6.2 and 6.3, lysis of the cells was observed, and the effectiveness of these methods was apparent. (Table 2 shows the analysis values)

[0018]

The extract obtained by the present invention was clinically used, and the effects shown in Table 3 were obtained. As a result, the extract of the present invention was found to be not only an extract that is effective for the immunostimulatory effect of cancer patients and the improvement of symptoms of allergic patients and can greatly contribute to the improvement of lifestyle-related diseases, but also compared to conventional methods. As a result, the manufacturing equipment was greatly reduced.

[Table 3]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a manufacturing process.

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Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A mushroom cell extract and a method obtained by subjecting aerial hyphae of mushrooms to solid mineral-rich saline or bittern dissolving water by solid culture and dissolving β-glucan / chitin from the tip of the hyphae. 2. A mold (Aspergillus oryzae, A. sojae, A. niger) that produces an organic acid useful for humans and animals that has been cultured in advance in the mycelium aqueous solution obtained in claim 1.
Lactic acid bacteria or a pre-cultured aqueous solution of lactic acid bacteria and activate the autolyzing enzymes to extract the mushroom and mold components in the aqueous solution. Method. 3. An organic acid is added to the bacterial cell aqueous solution obtained in claim 1 to adjust the pH to 4 to 6, thereby inducing the activity of a mushroom autolytic enzyme to further dissolve the mushroom component. Mushroom mycelium extract and method. 4. Activity of lysing enzymes of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus and autolysing enzymes of mushrooms by adding a slightly alkaline substance such as alum to the aqueous solution of bacterial cells obtained in claim 1 and adjusting the pH to 7 to 8. And a method for obtaining a mushroom mycelium extract obtained by further dissolving the mushroom component.