JP2002103087A - Method for positioning welding member - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a positioning method of a welding member, by which a reference point and a reference end face are easily set/reset at low cost and which facilitates adaptation to automation. SOLUTION: The positioning method is such that, in cutting a welding member (11) from a steel plate into a prescribed shape by high density energy cutting, at least two holes (15) in which a positioning pin is to be inserted are drilled by high density energy, parallelly along a weld seam (17) constituted of the weld member (11) and members (12, 13) to be welded, at a specific distance apart from each other; that the position of the holes (15) is away from the weld seam (17) by the distance which is set on the basis of the thickness of the members (12, 13) to be welded and the diameter of a positioning pin (21) to be inserted; and that the positioning pin (21) is inserted into the holes (15), positioning for tack welding is performed by pressing the members (12, 13) to be welded against the outer peripheral face of this positioning pin (21).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for positioning a welding member, and more particularly to a method for positioning a member to be welded on the welding member.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Normally, when welding is performed, a relative position between two welding members to be joined (welded) is temporarily fixed with a jig fixed, and then unnecessary jigs are removed to perform final welding. I do it. In this case, in order to secure the dimensional accuracy after welding, a dimensional reference point or a reference end face is provided at a predetermined position of the jig, and the welding member pushes the predetermined end face to the reference point or the reference end face. It is positioned and fixed.

For example, when a thick plate frequently used in construction machines and the like is positioned and welded to a predetermined position in a state of being set upright on another plate, a jig as shown in FIG. 9 is used. I have. In FIG. 1, a base 2 for mounting and supporting a plate 11 is provided on a base 1. The outer peripheral end face of the plate 11 is pressed against the side of the base 2 on the base 1 to set the mounting position of the plate 11. Setting member 3 is provided. Two support members 4 and 4 are erected on both ends of the base 1, and the base end of a reference bar 5 is swingable by a pin 6 on each of the upper portions of the two support members 4 and 4. Is provided. The tip end face of the reference bar 5 is a reference end face R, and the swing is locked at a predetermined swing position (substantially horizontal position in the figure).

When performing welding, the plate 11 is placed on the base 2 and a predetermined outer peripheral end face is pressed against the position setting member 3. Plate 1 welded to the upper surface of this plate 11
2 and 13 are set upright so as to be parallel to each other, and the outer surfaces of both plates 12 and 13 are brought into contact with the respective reference end surfaces R of the left and right reference bars 5 and 5. In this state, the positioning members 7 are fitted between the upper ends of the plates 12 and 13 to position the plates 12 and 13. This allows
The jig members of the support member 4 and the reference bar 5 are set so that the welding line at the end contact portion between the plates 12 and 13 and the plate 11 is in a predetermined welding line direction.

[0005]

However, the above-mentioned prior art has the following problems. (1) To set or reset the reference end face R,
Since the reference bar 5 needs to be rotated, the workability is not good. (2) Jig cost (especially, the reference bar 5 which is rotatable)
And the cost of the jig for the supporting member 4) is high, and expensive jigs must be prepared according to the types of the welding members, such as positions and shapes, which differ. For this reason, cost is required for designing and manufacturing the jig. (3) In the positioning method using the reference bar 5, reference specifications such as the shape, size, and installation position of the reference bar 5 differ depending on the type of work.
It is necessary to create teaching and an operation program in consideration of prevention of interference with the jig. Therefore, much time is required for teaching and creating an operation program.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a welding member which can easily set and reset a reference point and a reference end face, can be manufactured at low cost, and can easily respond to automation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a positioning method.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a first invention of a method for positioning a welding member according to the present invention is directed to a welding line composed of a welding member and a member to be welded. At least two guides are provided on the welding member in parallel with each other and at a predetermined distance from each other, and a member to be welded is pressed against the guides to perform positioning during tack welding.

According to the first invention, the member to be welded is positioned by at least two guide portions provided on the welding member, so that a positioning jig is not required at the time of tack welding. Therefore, the cost of the positioning jig is not required.

In a second aspect of the present invention, when a welding member is cut from a steel sheet into a predetermined shape by high-density energy, the member is parallel to a welding line formed by the welding member and the member to be welded and is separated from each other by a predetermined distance. At least two holes for inserting positioning pins are formed by cutting with high density energy at a distance, and the positions of the holes are set based on the thickness of the member to be welded and the diameter of the positioning pins to be inserted. A position separated from the welding line by a distance, a positioning pin is inserted into the hole,
The welding member is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the positioning pin to perform positioning during tack welding.

According to the second invention, the positioning pin is inserted into at least two holes formed at predetermined positions of the welding member,
Since positioning is performed only by pressing the member to be welded against the positioning pin, a positioning jig is not required at the time of tack welding. Therefore, the operation of setting the reference position (inserting the positioning pin) and resetting (pulling out the positioning pin) is simplified, and the jig cost is reduced. In addition, since welding can be performed without a jig, teaching and creation of an operation program at the time of automation by a robot or the like become easy, and automation can be supported. Furthermore, when cutting a welding member from a steel plate into a predetermined shape by high-density energy cutting (for example, laser cutting or plasma cutting), in the same step, the hole for inserting the positioning pin is cut into the welding member by high-density energy cutting. Therefore, there is no inter-process movement, and the heat distortion is small, so that the processing accuracy is good. Further, since the processing position is controlled by the NC control, the position accuracy of the positioning pin insertion hole is improved, and the time of the temporary welding is improved. Positioning accuracy can be improved.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, when a welding member is cut from a steel plate into a predetermined shape by high-density energy, the member is parallel to a welding line formed by the welding member and the member to be welded, and is separated from each other by a predetermined distance. At least two stud bolt screw holes for screwing stud bolts are drilled at a distance by cutting with high-density energy. The positions of the drill holes are the thickness of the stud bolt to be screwed and the diameter of the stud bolt to be screwed. A position set apart from the welding line by a distance set based on the above, a threaded hole is machined in the drilled hole, a stud bolt is screwed into the threaded hole, and a member to be welded is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the stud bolt. It is a method of performing positioning at the time of tack welding.

According to the third invention, at least two holes formed in predetermined positions of the welding member are threaded, a stud bolt is screwed into the threaded screw hole, and the member to be welded is pushed onto the stud bolt. Since positioning is performed only by touching, a positioning jig is not required at the time of tack welding. As a result, the operation of setting (stud bolt screwing) and resetting (stud bolt removal) of the reference position can be facilitated, the jig cost can be reduced, and automation by a robot or the like can be performed. Further, when the welding member is cut from the steel plate into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy, in the same step, a drill hole of the screw hole for screwing the stud bolt into the welding member is also cut by high-density energy. Since there is no gap movement and the thermal distortion is small, the machining accuracy is good, and since the machining position is controlled by NC control, the positional accuracy of the stud bolt screwing screw hole is improved, and the positioning accuracy at the time of tack welding is improved. Can be improved.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, when a welding member is cut from a steel plate into a predetermined shape by high-density energy cutting, a hole for inserting a positioning pin is formed at a predetermined position where a sheet of the welding member is welded by high-density energy cutting. A method is adopted in which the lower portion of the positioning pin that has been drilled and inserted into the screw hole of the sheet is inserted into the hole for inserting the positioning pin, and the sheet is positioned during the tack welding.

According to the fourth aspect, the sheet is positioned by inserting the positioning pins inserted into the screw holes of the sheet into the holes formed at predetermined positions of the welding member.
A positioning jig is not required at the time of sheet tack welding. This makes it easy to set (insert a positioning pin) and reset (remove a positioning pin) reference positions during sheet tack welding, reduce the cost of jigs, and automate by a robot or the like. In addition, since the insertion holes of the positioning pins are formed by cutting with high-density energy, the accuracy of temporarily attaching the sheet can be improved.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. First, as shown in FIG. 1, a predetermined number of positioning holes 15 are formed in predetermined positions in a plate 11 serving as a welding member. In the present embodiment, the plate 11 and the plate 1
Along the two welding lines, the welding line 2 and the plate 11 and the plate 13, two holes are provided at a predetermined distance from each other, for a total of four holes. Hole 1
5 is the position of the plate 1 to be welded on the plate 11
The welding positions 2 and 13 and the plate thicknesses t1 and t2 are set in accordance with the external dimensions d2 of the positioning pins 21 described later in detail. The hole diameter d1 is determined by the insertion portion 22 of the positioning pin 21.
(See FIG. 2). The hole 15 is formed by cutting with high-density energy (for example, laser cutting or plasma cutting), and the accuracy of the processing position and the processing diameter is maintained high by NC control. In order to improve the processing accuracy of the position and the shape of the hole 15, it is preferable to pierce the hole 15 by piercing. Therefore,
Normally, when the plate 11 is cut out of a steel plate into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy, the positioning hole 15 is also processed in the same step.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the plate 11 on which the holes 15 have been machined is placed on the table 2 and its outer peripheral end face is pressed against the position setting member 3 to set the position. In this state, the positioning pin 21 is inserted into the hole 15. The positioning pin 21 has an insertion portion 22 having a diameter d1 and a positioning portion 23 having a diameter d2 (where d2> d1). The positioning pins 21 have plate thicknesses t1 and t2 of the plates 12 and 13, which are members to be welded, and welding. Positioning pin 2 having an appropriate diameter d2 according to the line position
1 is inserted. Thereafter, the plates 12 and 13 are placed upright on the upper surface of the plate 11 so as to be parallel to each other, and the outer surfaces of the plates 12 and 13 are brought into contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of the positioning pins 21 serving as the reference end surfaces R. At this time, each positioning pin 21 is a member to be welded (of both plates 12 and 13).
And a guide member for setting the welding line direction. Then, the positioning member 7 is fitted between the upper ends of the plates 12 and 13 to position the plates 12 and 13.

Next, the plate 11 and the plates 12, 13
Are used as welding lines 17 to perform tack welding. At this time, since the height and diameter of the positioning pin 21 are small and small and the insertion position is set in advance, there is no fear of interference with the welding torch at the time of tack welding, and the tack welding work is easy to perform. . When the tack welding is completed, as shown in FIG. 3, the positioning member 7 is removed, and the positioning pins 21 are removed, and the robot is automatically welded along the welding line 17.

According to the first embodiment, the following operation and effect can be obtained. Since a positioning hole 15 is formed in the plate 11 serving as a welding member by cutting with high-density energy, and a positioning pin 21 is simply inserted into this hole, a reference position is set. Therefore, it is necessary to use a large positioning jig. Absent. Therefore, setting and resetting of the reference position can be performed very easily. Also, even when the jig cost is not required and the type of work is different, the position of the hole 15 and the diameter d2 of the positioning pin 21 are determined according to the welding line direction and the thickness and shape of the members to be welded (plates 12, 13 and the like). Therefore, it is possible to easily respond to a change in the type of work. Therefore, the cost of designing and manufacturing the positioning device can be reduced.

Further, the positioning pin 21 is small,
Since the insertion position, that is, the position of the hole 15 is set in advance, it is necessary to create a robot operation program using the position data of the hole 15 so that the welding torch does not interfere with the positioning pin 21 during the tack welding. Is easy. Further, even when teaching the robot, the moving distance of the welding torch is short, and the robot can be moved without worrying about the interference between the welding torch and the positioning pin 21, so that the robot teaching operation is easy. Therefore, it is easy to respond to a change in the work type, and automation by a robot or the like can be achieved.

Furthermore, when the welding member (plate 11) is cut from a steel plate into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy, the holes 15 for inserting the positioning pins 21 into the welding member are also formed with high-density energy in the same step. Since the processing is performed by cutting, there is no movement of the welding member between the processing steps, and the thermal distortion is small, so that the processing accuracy is good, and since the cutting position is controlled by NC control, the processing position accuracy of the hole 15 is improved. . Thereby, the positioning accuracy at the time of tack welding can be improved.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 4, the plate 11 has a predetermined number of screw holes 32 for positioning (in this embodiment, a total of four) at predetermined positions along a welding line with the plates 12 and 13 at a predetermined distance from each other. Processed. In each screw hole 32,
A stud bolt 31 for positioning is screwed. The position of the screw hole 32 is set according to the welding position of the plates 12 and 13 which are the members to be welded, the plate thicknesses t1 and t2, and the diameter d3 of the stud bolt 31. The drill hole of the screw hole 32 is
Similar to the above, cutting is performed by high-density energy, preferably by piercing, and the precision of the processing position and the processing diameter is maintained high by NC control.

As shown in FIG. 5, the threaded stud bolt 31 has a chamfered base end of the threaded portion 33,
The gap between the chamfered portion and the plate 11 is fixed by welding. Note that the threaded portion 3 is removed so that the stud bolt 31 can be pulled out after the tack welding (the reference position can be reset).
The welding of 3 may not be performed. At this time, since the position of the stud bolt 31 is set in advance, the stud bolt 31 is welded by a robot or the like. The stud bolt 31 has a thickness t of the plates 12 and 13 which are members to be welded.
1, diameter d3 of appropriate size depending on t2 and welding line position
Is used. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6, the plates 12 and 13 are erected on the upper surface of the plate 11 so as to be parallel to each other, and the outer surfaces of both plates 12 and 13 serve as the outer peripheral surfaces of the stud bolts 31 serving as the reference end surfaces R. Make contact with the surface. Thereby, each stud bolt 31 guides both plates 12 and 13 in the welding line direction. Then, the positioning member 7 is fitted between the upper ends of the plates 12 and 13 to position the plates 12 and 13. In this state, temporary welding is automatically performed by a robot or the like along the respective welding lines 17 of the plate 11 and the plates 12 and 13, and the main welding is further performed.

According to the present embodiment, a drill hole of the screw hole 32 is formed in the plate 11 by cutting with high-density energy.
A screw hole 32 is formed by screwing the drilled hole position, and the reference position is set only by screwing the stud bolt 31 into the screw hole 32, so that it is not necessary to use a large-scale positioning jig. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, the reference position is set and reset easily, the positioning device is designed and manufactured at low cost, the work type can be easily changed, and automation by a robot or the like is intended. Can be. In addition, when cutting a welding member from a steel plate into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy, in the same process, the drill hole of the screw hole 32 is machined by cutting with high-density energy in the welding member. Since the heat distortion is small, the processing accuracy is good, and since the processing position is controlled by the NC control, the position accuracy of the screw hole 32 is improved, and the positioning accuracy at the time of tack welding can be improved.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The present embodiment relates to a sheet positioning method.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are explanatory diagrams of the positioning of the sheet. FIG. 7A is a side view of the sheet at the time of positioning, and FIG. 7B is a Z view of FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, a case will be described in which a sheet 41 as a member to be welded is positioned and welded to a predetermined position of a plate 11 as a welding member. At a predetermined position of the plate 11, a hole 42 having a diameter d1 for positioning is formed. Hole 4
2 is formed by piercing such as laser cutting or plasma cutting, and the accuracy of the processing position and the processing diameter is maintained high by NC control. The positioning pin 43 has an insertion part with a diameter d1 at the lower part, a screw part 44 with a screw diameter d4 equal to the screw hole 41a of the seat 41 at the upper part, and a lever 45 for operation at the upper end part. Have. The screw portion 44 of the positioning pin 43 is inserted into the screw hole 41a of the seat 41.
Are screwed, and in this state, the insertion portion of the positioning pin 43 is inserted into the hole 4.
2, the sheet 41 is positioned. The positioned sheet 41 is tack-welded to the plate 11 and then the positioning pins 43 are removed to perform full welding.

According to this embodiment, the positioning holes 42 are formed in the plate 11 by cutting with high-density energy.
Since the sheet 41 is positioned only by inserting the positioning pins 43 into which the sheet 41 is screwed into the holes 42, it is not necessary to use an expensive and large-scale positioning jig. Therefore, it has the same operation and effect as the above embodiment,
In the sheet tack welding, the reference position can be set and reset by inserting and removing the positioning pin 43, so that the setting and resetting work is easy, the cost of designing and manufacturing the positioning device can be reduced, and furthermore, it is possible to cope with the change of the work type. And automation by a robot or the like can be achieved. Also, when cutting a welding member from a steel plate into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy, in the same cutting step, the hole 42 for inserting the positioning pin 43 is also drilled by cutting with high-density energy. Since there is no movement and small thermal distortion, processing accuracy is good, and N
Since the processing position is controlled by the C control, the positional accuracy of the holes 42 is good, and therefore, the accuracy of temporary attachment of the sheet can be improved.

In this embodiment, the method of positioning the sheet 41 shown in FIG. 8A has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this shape. For example, a screw hole is provided at the center as shown in FIG. 8B. The outer shape may be any as long as it is a sheet having screw holes.

As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. Since the member to be welded is positioned by at least two guide members such as positioning pins and stud bolts inserted or screwed into the welding member, a positioning jig for the member to be welded is not required at the time of temporary welding. Therefore, no jig cost is required for the positioning jig. Also, by simply inserting or screwing a guide member such as a positioning pin or stud bolt into the hole of the welding member, the reference position can be set. By removing the guide member from the hole of the welding member, the reference position can be reset. Operation is very easy. Further, even when a sheet (member to be welded) is to be welded to a welding member, the sheet can be positioned only by inserting the positioning pins inserted into the screw holes of the sheet into the positioning holes of the welding member. Easy to do.

Further, since guide members such as positioning pins and stud bolts are small and their positions are set in advance, teaching by a robot and creation of an operation program become very easy, and the type of work can be changed. Therefore, it is possible to automate tack welding and main welding.

Further, holes for inserting or screwing these guide members such as positioning pins and stud bolts are provided.
In the process of cutting the welding member into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy, the hole is also drilled by cutting with high-density energy, so that the processing accuracy of this hole position is good, and therefore the positioning accuracy in tack welding can be improved. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a welding member according to a positioning method of a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a positioning method according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a state at the time of main welding in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a welding member according to a positioning method of a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a stud bolt for positioning in a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a positioning method according to a second embodiment.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are explanatory diagrams of sheet positioning according to a third embodiment, wherein FIG. 7A is a side view of the sheet during positioning, and FIG. 7B is a Z view of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a sheet.

FIG. 9 is a side view of a jig for positioning a welding member according to a conventional technique.

[Description of Signs] 1 ... Base, 2 ... Base, 3 ... Position setting member, 4 ... Support member, 5 ... Reference bar, 6 ... Pin, 7 ... Positioning member, 11
... plate, 12, 13 ... plate, 15 ... hole, 17 ...
Welding line, 21 positioning pin, 22 insertion part, 23 positioning part, 31 stud bolt, 32 screw hole, 33
... Screw part, 41 ... Sheet, 41a ... Screw hole, 42 ... Hole,
43 ... positioning pin, 44 ... screw part, 45 ... lever, 4
6 ... sheet (cylindrical).

Claims (4)

[Claims] At least two guide portions (1) are provided in parallel along a welding line (17) composed of a welding member (11) and a member to be welded (12, 13) and at a predetermined distance from each other. 21,31)
A method for positioning a welding member, comprising: providing a member to be welded (11), and pressing the members to be welded (12, 13) against the guide portions (21, 31) to perform positioning during tack welding. 2. A welding line (17) comprising a welding member (11) and members to be welded (12, 13) when cutting a welding member (11) from a steel plate into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy. At least two holes (15) for inserting the positioning pins are formed by cutting with high-density energy in parallel with each other and at a predetermined distance from each other. 12,1
Insert the positioning pin (21) into the hole (15) at a position separated from the welding line (17) by a distance set based on the thickness of 3) and the diameter of the positioning pin (21) to be inserted. A method of positioning a welding member, wherein the member to be welded (12, 13) is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the positioning pin (21) to perform positioning during tack welding. 3. A welding line (17) composed of a welding member (11) and members to be welded (12, 13) when cutting a welding member (11) from a steel sheet into a predetermined shape by cutting with high-density energy. At least two stud bolts (31) are drilled in parallel with and at a predetermined distance from each other by cutting with a high-density energy into the drill holes of the screw holes (32) for screwing. Is the welding line for a distance set based on the plate thickness of the members to be welded (12, 13) and the diameter of the stud bolt (31) to be screwed.
(17), a screw hole (32) is machined in this drill hole, and a stud bolt (31) is screwed into the screw hole (32),
The members to be welded (12, 13) are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the stud bolt (31).
And performing positioning at the time of tack welding by pressing the welding member. 4. When a welding member (11) is cut into a predetermined shape from a steel plate by cutting with high-density energy, a hole for positioning pin insertion () is provided at a predetermined position where a sheet (41) of the welding member (11) is welded. 42) by punching with high-density energy
Insert the lower part of the positioning pin (43) inserted into the screw hole (41a) of (41) into the positioning pin insertion hole (42),
A method for positioning a welding member, wherein (41) is positioned at the time of tack welding.