JP2002099103A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent durability because of good wear resistance of a photosensitive layer even when used in an image forming device with a blade clearing means and having good sensitivity and to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor free of blade squeaking, dash marks or toner filming, and having excellent durability and good sensitivity. SOLUTION: Each of the electrophotographic photoreceptors has a photosensitive layer comprising a resin binder containing at least an electric charge generating agent or an electric charge transferring agent on an electrically conductive substrate. The resin binder contains a polycarbonate resin having repeating structural units of formula [1] or repeating structural units of formula [2] and the electric charge generating efficiency of the electric charge generating agent at 5×105 V/cm field intensity is >=40% or the electric charge transferring agent contains a hole transferring agent having >=5×10-6 cm2/V/sec mobility at 5×105 V/cm field intensity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member used for an image forming apparatus such as an electrostatic copying machine, a facsimile, a laser beam printer, and the like. More specifically,
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a small amount of abrasion of a photosensitive layer, excellent durability, and good sensitivity even when used in an image forming apparatus having a blade cleaning means. Further, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is free from blade squeal, toner filming or dash mark, has excellent durability, and has good sensitivity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the above-mentioned image forming apparatus, various photosensitive members having sensitivity in a wavelength region of a light source used in the image forming apparatus are used. One is an inorganic photoreceptor using an inorganic material such as selenium for the photosensitive layer, and the other is an organic photoreceptor (OPC) using an organic material for the photosensitive layer. Of these, organic photoreceptors are easier to manufacture than inorganic photoreceptors, and have a wide variety of photoreceptor materials, such as charge transport agents, charge generators, and binder resins, and a high degree of freedom in functional design. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted.

An organic photoreceptor has a so-called laminated type photoreceptor having a laminated structure of a charge generating layer containing a charge generating agent and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting agent, and a charge generating agent and a charge transporting agent. Is dispersed in a single photosensitive layer, that is, a so-called single-layer type photosensitive member. Of these, the multilayer photoconductor occupies a wide market scale.

On the other hand, a single-layer type photoreceptor has a simple layer structure and is excellent in productivity, can suppress the occurrence of film defects in the photosensitive layer, and can improve optical characteristics because there are few interfaces between layers. By using an electron transporting agent and a hole transporting agent together as a charge transporting agent, and by changing the content ratio of the charge transporting agent, etc., it can be used for both positively charged type and negatively charged type. I'm taking a bath.

[0005] The electrophotographic photosensitive member is used in a repetitive process of charging, exposing, developing, transferring, cleaning, and removing electricity in the image forming process. The electrostatic latent image formed by the charge exposure is developed with toner, which is a fine powder. Further, the developed toner is transferred to a transfer material such as paper in a transfer process, but 100% of the toner is not transferred, and a part thereof remains on the photoconductor. Unless the remaining toner is removed, a high-quality image free from dirt or the like cannot be obtained in the repetitive process. Therefore, cleaning of the remaining toner is required.

A typical cleaning process uses a fur brush, a magnetic brush, a blade, or the like. However, from the viewpoint of cleaning accuracy and rationalization of the apparatus configuration, the blade-shaped resin plate is in direct contact with the photosensitive member. In general, blade cleaning for performing cleaning is selected.

[0007]

As described above, blade cleaning removes residual toner on the surface of the photoconductor by bringing the blade-shaped resin plate into contact with the surface of the photoconductor.
However, in order to reduce the abrasion amount of the photosensitive layer, if the force of the blade pressing against the surface of the photosensitive member (blade linear pressure) is reduced, the residual toner dive in a state where the minute toner is pressed through the minute gap between the blade and the photosensitive member surface. Omission, in the circumferential direction of the photoconductor surface,
In a state where the toner particles are crushed, the toner particles are firmly fused in a streak shape, and a phenomenon called “dash mark” or “toner filming” which cannot be removed by the cleaning blade occurs, and the photosensitive member at the toner fused portion is generated. The surface potential drops significantly, and the light is blocked, so there is no light attenuation,
It is known to cause image defects.

Therefore, if the blade linear pressure is increased in order to prevent the dash mark and toner filming, a resonance sound is generated when the blade rubs against the surface of the photoreceptor, and a phenomenon called "blade squeal" occurs. Sometimes. In addition, as the blade linear pressure increases, the mechanical load on the photoreceptor surface increases, and the amount of abrasion of the photosensitive layer increases, causing problems such as a decrease in surface potential and deterioration in sensitivity, resulting in high-quality images. Is difficult to obtain.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having good abrasion resistance of a photosensitive layer, excellent durability and good sensitivity even when used in an image forming apparatus having blade cleaning. It is. Furthermore, there is no blade squeal, dash mark or toner filming,
An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent durability and good sensitivity.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of earnest studies, the present inventors have provided a photosensitive layer comprising a binder resin containing at least a charge generating agent or a charge transport agent on a conductive substrate, wherein the binder resin is Containing a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1], wherein the charge generating agent has a charge generation efficiency of 40% or more at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm, or the charge transporting agent is:
5 × 10 ⁵ mobility at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm
^-6 cm ² / V / sec or more of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, characterized in that it contains a hole transporting agent, be used in an image forming apparatus the wear resistance of the photosensitive layer excellent durability having a blade cleaning And excellent sensitivity.

General formula [1];

Embedded image (In the general formula [1], R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.)

Further, a photosensitive layer comprising a binder resin containing at least a charge generating agent or a charge transporting agent is provided on the conductive substrate, wherein the binder resin is composed of a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula (1). A polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula [2],
The charge generating agent has a charge generation efficiency of 40% or more at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm, or the charge transporting agent has a mobility of 5 × at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a hole transporting agent of 10 ^-6 cm ² / V / sec or more can be used for an image forming apparatus having blade cleaning to reduce blade noise, dash mark or toner filming. It was found that there was no generation, the durability was excellent, and the sensitivity was good.

General formula [2];

Embedded image (In the general formula [2], X ²⁰ , X ²¹ , and X ²² are the same or different and are-(CH ₂ ) _n- , n is an integer of 1 to 6, and R
^{20, R 21, R 22,} R 23 are the same or different, a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, m denotes a number from 0 to 200. )

[0014]

According to the present invention, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a photosensitive layer comprising a binder resin containing at least a charge generating agent or a charge transporting agent on a conductive substrate. The binder resin contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1], or a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] and a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [2]. It is characterized by doing.

The repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] has high rigidity of the molecule and is extremely effective in improving the abrasion resistance of the photosensitive layer, and the repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [2] Having a siloxane bond in the main chain is effective in improving the abrasion resistance of the photosensitive layer and, in particular, has the effect of reducing the friction coefficient of the cleaning blade against the surface of the photosensitive layer. Further, since the surface energy of the photosensitive layer is reduced, the toner is hardly fused.

That is, when the binder resin contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] or [2], even if the binder resin is used in an image forming apparatus having blade cleaning, the photosensitive layer can be used. It is extremely effective in improving wear resistance, preventing blade squealing, and preventing toner filming or dash marks.

Further, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the charge generating agent has a charge generation efficiency of 40% or more at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm, or the charge transporting agent has an electric field strength of 5 × 1
Mobility at 0 ⁵ V / cm is 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / s
It is characterized by containing a hole transport agent of ec or more.

The electric field strength of the charge generating agent is 5 × 10 ⁵ V /
The charge generation efficiency in cm is less than 40%, and the mobility of the hole transport agent is 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec.
If it is less than this, sufficient photoconductor sensitivity cannot be obtained for practical use. In particular, it becomes difficult to mount the photosensitive drum on a high-speed image forming apparatus having a high peripheral speed.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is provided with a photosensitive layer comprising a binder resin containing at least a charge generator or a charge transport agent on a conductive substrate, wherein the binder resin has a general formula [1] Or a polycarbonate resin comprising a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [2], and the electric field strength of the charge generating agent is 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm.
As long as the charge transporting agent contains a hole transporting agent having a mobility at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec or more. , May be any photoreceptor, may be a single layer type photoreceptor containing a charge generating agent and a charge transporting agent in a single photosensitive layer, and also laminated a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer It may be a laminated type photoreceptor. In particular, in the case of a laminated photoreceptor, at least the general formula [1] or the general formula [2]
It is preferred that the outermost surface layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by The polarity of the photoconductor can be either positive or negative.

Hereinafter, the constituent materials of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described in detail.

[Binder Resin] The binder resin used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] or [2].

The binder resin used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may contain at least a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] or [2]. Various resins conventionally used for a photosensitive layer can be used.

For example, polycarbonate resins such as bisphenol Z type, bisphenol ZC type, bisphenol C type, bisphenol A type, etc., polyester resins, polyarylate resins, styrene-butadiene copolymers,
Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, acrylic copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, ionomer, Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, alkyd resin, polyamide, polyurethane, polysulfone, diallyl phthalate resin, ketone resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, thermoplastic resin such as polyether resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, urea resin, Resins such as a melamine resin, other crosslinkable thermosetting resins, photo-curable resins such as epoxy acrylate and urethane-acrylate can be used.

The above-mentioned binder resins can be used alone or as a blend or copolymer of two or more.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] or [2], the binder resin is preferably a repeating resin represented by the general formula [3]. When a polycarbonate resin as a structural unit is contained, it is extremely effective in improving the sensitivity of the photoreceptor.

General formula [3];

Embedded image (In the general formula [3], R ³⁰ and R ³¹ are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.)

This corresponds to the general formula [1] or the general formula [2]
The polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by
Although effective for improving the abrasion resistance or surface lubricity of the photosensitive layer, both have low solubility in a solvent for a photosensitive layer coating liquid such as tetrahydrofuran, and thus tend to have poor compatibility with a charge transport agent. On the other hand, the polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [3] has high solubility in the solvent for the coating liquid and has good compatibility with the charge transport agent. For this reason, it is considered that the combined use of the polycarbonate resin having the repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [3] facilitates the molecular dispersion of the charge transport agent in the binder resin, and improves the sensitivity.

As described above, the reason why the compatibility between the binder resin and the charge transporting agent has a large effect on the electrical characteristics is that the charge transporting agent and the binder resin are usually dissolved homogeneously in the coating solution and molecularly dispersed. However, it is presumed that if the solubility of the binder resin or the compatibility between the binder resin and the charge transporting agent is poor, the molecules are aggregated, the charge transfer efficiency is reduced, and the sensitivity is deteriorated.

In particular, in the single-layer type photoreceptor, it is preferable to use a hole transporting agent and an electron transporting agent in combination as a charge transporting agent, and the content ratio of the total amount of the charge transporting agent to the binder resin is increased. Further, the charge generating agent is also present as particles dispersed in the same photosensitive layer as the charge transporting agent.
That is, in the single-layer type photoreceptor, compared to the laminated type photoreceptor, there are many materials dispersed or dissolved in the binder resin, and the solubility of the binder resin in the coating solution solvent or the charge transport with the binder resin. Compatibility with the agent
The effect on the electrical properties of the photoreceptor becomes very large.

Further, as set forth in claim 4 or 5, the repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [2] contains 10 to 50 mol% of the repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] based on the total amount of the binder resin. Structural unit is 0.05-10mo
It is preferable to contain 1%. When the content of the repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] is more than 50 mol%, the solubility of the binder resin in the coating liquid solvent is reduced as described above, or the compatibility with the charge transport agent is reduced. The sensitivity deteriorates, and if it is less than 10 mol%, there is no effect on the wear resistance. When the content of the repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [2] is more than 10 mol%, the sensitivity of the photoreceptor tends to deteriorate for the same reason as described above. Has no effect on improving the surface lubricity.

The weight average molecular weight of the binder resin used in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is from 10,000 to 400,
000, more preferably 30,000 to 200,000.

[Charge Generator] The charge generator used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V
Any material can be used as long as the charge generation efficiency in / cm is 40% or more. However, when the charge transport agent has a mobility of 5 × at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm.
This is not the case when a hole transporting agent of 10 ^-6 cm ² / V / sec or more is contained.

<Measurement of Charge Generation Efficiency> The quantum efficiency of the laminated photoreceptor is determined from the charge generation efficiency in the charge generation layer and the injection efficiency from the charge generation layer to the charge transport layer. It is determined by excluding the loss, but by using a suitable compound as the charge transport agent, the charge injection efficiency, or the charge transfer layer during transport, except when the electric field is extremely low and the incident light density is large. Electron loss is negligible. However, when the incident light density is large, carrier movement is rate-determining, so that the incident light intensity is 0.5 to 4.0.
0 μW / cm ² is preferred.

As described above, in the present invention, the charge generation efficiency was determined from the following equation (1) by measuring the quantum efficiency (φ) from the following light decay rate of the surface potential of the laminated photoreceptor.
The incident light intensity was 2.5 μW / cm ² and the electric field intensity was 5
× 10 ⁵ V / cm. Formula [1]: φ = C / (e · l) | dV / dt | (In Formula [1], C: capacitance of photoreceptor, e: elementary charge of electron, l: incident light quantum per unit time Number, V: surface potential, t: time.)

<Preparation of Laminated Photoreceptor Sample for Measuring Charge Generation Efficiency> A charge generating agent and polyvinyl butyral [Eslec BH5 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.] (weight ratio 1: 1) were ultrasonically dispersed in tetrahydrofuran. A coating solution for a charge generation layer was prepared, coated with a blade on an aluminum tube, and dried with hot air at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm. Next, a specific tetraphenylenediamine derivative and a weight average molecular weight of 40,
000 bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin (weight ratio 1: 1) was ultrasonically dispersed in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a coating solution for a charge transport layer, which was blade-coated on the charge generation layer, and dried with hot air at 110 ° C. for 40 minutes. Was performed to produce a 25 μm-thick laminated photoreceptor sample for measuring charge generation efficiency.

Examples of the electrification generator used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include phthalocyanine pigments such as metal-free phthalocyanine, oxotitanyl phthalocyanine, and hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, perylene pigments, and the like.
Bisazo pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, metal-free naphthalocyanine pigments, metal naphthalocyanine pigments, squaraine pigments, trisazo pigments, indigo pigments, azurenium pigments, cyanine pigments, pyrylium pigments, anthanthrone pigments, triphenylmethane pigments, sulene Pigments,
Organic photoconductors such as toluidine-based pigments, pyrazoline-based pigments, and quinacridone-based pigments, and conventionally known charge generators such as inorganic photoconductive materials such as selenium, selenium-tellurium, selenium-arsenic, cadmium sulfide, and amorphous silicon. . The charge generating agents described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more so as to have an absorption wavelength in a desired region.

Among the above-described charge generating agents, in particular, a digital optical image forming apparatus such as a laser beam printer or a facsimile using a light source such as a semiconductor laser includes:
Since a photoreceptor having a sensitivity in the wavelength region of 700 nm or more is required, for example, metal-free phthalocyanine (charge generation efficiency 25%), Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine (charge generation efficiency 75%), α-type titanyl phthalocyanine (charge generation efficiency 50%) %), V-type hydroxygallium phthalosinine (charge generation efficiency 55%) and the like are most preferably used. The crystal form of the phthalocyanine pigment is not particularly limited, and various types can be used.

[Charge Transport Agent] The charge transport agent used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V
5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec.
As long as the above-mentioned hole transporting agent is contained, conventionally known hole transporting agents or electron transporting agents can be used.
However, this is not a limitation as long as the charge generation efficiency of the charge generating agent at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm is 40% or more.

<Measurement of Mobility> The mobility of the above hole transporting agent is measured at ordinary temperature under ordinary TOF (Time Of Flight).
It was measured by the t) method. Electric field strength is 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm
And The measurement sample was 40 watts based on the total solid content including the binder resin (bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin having a weight average molecular weight of 40,000).
Dissolve at a charge transport agent concentration of t%, apply on
A heat treatment was performed at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes. The sample thickness was 7 μm.

(Hole transport agent) Examples of the hole transport agent usable in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include N, N, and N.
N ′, N′-tetraphenylbenzidine derivatives, N,
N, N ', N'-tetraphenylphenylenediamine derivative, N, N, N', N'-tetraphenylnaphthylenediamine derivative, N, N, N ', N'-tetraphenylphenanthrylenediamine derivative, 2 Oxadiazole compounds such as 9,5-di (4-methylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, styryl compounds such as 9- (4-diethylaminostyryl) anthracene, carbazole compounds such as polyvinylcarbazole Compounds, organic polysilane compounds, pyrazoline compounds such as 1-phenyl-3- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) pyrazolin,
Nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds such as hydrazone-based compounds, indole-based compounds, oxazole-based compounds, isoxazole-based compounds, thiazole-based compounds, thiadiazole-based compounds, imidazole-based compounds, pyrazole-based compounds, and triazole-based compounds, and condensed polycyclic compounds Can be used.

As described in claim 10, the general formula [4],
The compound represented by [5], [6] or [7] is most preferably used as a hole transport agent. The hole transporting agent has a large hole transporting ability, has extremely good compatibility with the binder resin used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, and is effective for improving the sensitivity of the photoreceptor. In particular, in the case of a single-layer type photoreceptor containing both an electron transporting agent and a hole transporting agent, the use of the hole transporting agent significantly improves the sensitivity.

General formula [4];

Embedded image (In the general formula [4], R ⁴⁰ , R ⁴¹ , R ⁴² and R ⁴³ are the same or different and each represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or a halogen atom;
n, p and q are the same or different and represent an integer of 0-3. R ⁴⁴ and R ⁴⁵ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. Also, -X-

Embedded image Or

Embedded image Is shown. )

General formula [5];

Embedded image (In the general formula [5], R ⁵⁰ and R ⁵² represent the same or different alkyl groups which may have a substituent, and R ⁵¹ and R ^52
53 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent. )

General formula [6];

Embedded image (In the general formula [6], R ⁶⁰ , R ⁶¹ , R ⁶² , R ⁶³ and R
⁶⁴ is the same or different and is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,
It represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group which may have a substituent. )

General formula [7];

Embedded image (In the general formula [7], R ⁷⁰ , R ⁷¹ , R ⁷² , R ⁷³ and R ⁷⁴ are the same or different and represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group which may have a substituent. A, b, c and d are the same or different and each represents an integer of 0 to 5, and e represents an integer of 0 to 4. a, b, c
Or, when d is 2 or more, each of R ⁷⁰ , R ⁷¹ , R ⁷² , R ⁷³ and R ⁷⁴ may be different. )

In the present invention, the hole transporting agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, in the case of a single-layer type photoreceptor, it is preferable that an electron transporting agent and a hole transporting agent are mixed and contained in the photosensitive layer.

(Electron Transporting Agent) Examples of the electron transporting agent usable for the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include diphenoquinone derivatives, benzoquinone derivatives, anthraquinone derivatives, malononitrile derivatives, thiopyran derivatives, trinitrothioxanthone derivatives, , 4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone derivative, dinitroanthracene derivative, dinitroacridine derivative, nitroantaraquinone derivative, dinitroanthraquinone derivative, tetracyanoethylene, 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, dinitrobenzene, dinitro Various compounds having an electron-accepting property, such as anthracene, dinitroacridine, nitroanthraquinone, dinitroanthraquinone, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and dibromomaleic anhydride, may be mentioned.

As described in claim 11, the general formula [8],
The compound represented by [9], [10] or [11] is most preferably used as an electron transporting agent. The electron transporting agent has a large electron transporting ability, has extremely good compatibility with the binder resin used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, and is effective for improving the sensitivity of the photoreceptor. In particular, in the case of a single-layer photoreceptor containing both an electron transporting agent and a hole transporting agent,
The sensitivity is remarkably improved by using the electron transporting agent.

General formula [8]:

Embedded image (In the general formula [8], R ⁸⁰ and R ⁸¹ represent the same or different alkyl groups which may have a substituent.)

General formula [9]:

Embedded image (In the general formula [9], R ⁹⁰ and R ⁹¹ represent the same or different monovalent hydrocarbon groups which may have a substituent.)

General formula [10]:

Embedded image (In the general formula [10], R ¹⁰⁰ represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent,
¹⁰¹ represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a group: -OR ^101a . R ^101a represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent. )

General formula [11]:

Embedded image (In the general formula [11], R ¹¹⁰ , R ¹¹¹ , R ¹¹² and R ¹¹³ are
It represents the same or different alkyl groups which may have a substituent. )

In the present invention, the electron transporting agent in the above example is 1
In addition to using only the species, two or more species may be blended and used. In particular, in the case of a single-layer type photoreceptor, it is preferable that an electron transporting agent and a hole transporting agent are mixed and contained in the photosensitive layer.

When the photosensitive layer has a single layer structure, the thickness of the photosensitive layer is preferably 5 to 100 μm, more preferably about 10 to 50 μm. The charge generating agent is 0.1% based on the total binder resin weight.
Preferably, it is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 50 wt%, more preferably 0.5 to 30 wt%.

When the photosensitive layer has a laminated structure, the thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably about 0.01 to 5 μm, more preferably about 0.1 to 3 μm, and the thickness of the charge transport layer is 2 to 100 μm, and more preferably 5 to 100 μm. About 50 μm is preferable. In the charge generation layer, 1 to 500 wt.
%, More preferably 10 to 300 wt%.

Further, as described in the ninth aspect, the solid concentration of the charge transporting agent in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is preferably 30 wt% to 50 wt% of the total solid concentration.

It is generally known that the abrasion resistance of the photosensitive layer decreases as the content of the charge transport agent increases.
For this reason, it is ideal to reduce the solid content concentration of the charge transport agent in order to improve the abrasion resistance, but in particular, in the case of a single-layer type photoreceptor, in order to improve the charge repetition stability and sensitivity, Unlike the laminated photoreceptor, it is preferable that the photosensitive layer contains both an electron transporting agent and a hole transporting agent, and the solids concentration of the charge transporting agent is often larger than 50 wt% with respect to the total solids concentration. .

However, by using a charge generating agent having a high charge generation efficiency or an arbitrary charge transporting agent having a large hole or electron transporting ability, the total solid content can be reduced to 3%.
Even with a low solid content concentration of 0 wt% or more and 50 wt% or less,
Sufficient sensitivity can be obtained even with a single-layer photoreceptor.

As described above, various kinds of titanyl phthalocyanines and gallium phthalocyanines are used as the charge generating agents having high charge generation efficiency, and the hole transporting agents are used as the charge transporting agents having high charge transporting ability, for example, general formula [4] ,
Examples of the compound represented by [5], [6] or [7] and the electron transporting agent include, for example, general formulas [8], [9] and [10].
Alternatively, the compound represented by [11], and the following azoquinone derivatives and stilbequinone derivatives are mentioned.

Azoquinone derivative

Embedded image

Stilbequinone derivative

Embedded image

That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the charge generating agent used has a charge generating efficiency of 40 at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm.
% Or more, or, mobility in electric field strength 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm is 5 × 10 ^- The use of ⁶ cm ² / V / sec or more hole-transporting agent, even with a small amount of the hole transferring material High sensitivity can be maintained.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, when a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] is used, particularly when the content of the charge transporting agent is small, the abrasion resistance of the photosensitive layer is small and the abrasion resistance is small. Significant improvement in performance.

As described above, in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the polycarbonate resin having the repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] and the electric field strength of the charge generating agent of 5 × 10 5
A hole transporting agent having a charge generation efficiency of ⁵ % or more at ⁵ V / cm or a charge transporting agent having a mobility of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec or more at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm. By using, the solid concentration of the charge transporting agent can be reduced to 50 wt% or less of the total solid concentration, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member having good abrasion resistance and high sensitivity can be obtained.

In the photosensitive layer, in addition to the above-described components, various conventionally known additives such as an antioxidant, a radical scavenger, a singlet quencher, Deterioration inhibitors such as UV absorbers, softeners,
Plasticizers, surface modifiers, extenders, thickeners, dispersion stabilizers, waxes, acceptors, donors, and the like can be added. Also, in order to improve the sensitivity of the photosensitive layer, for example,
Known sensitizers such as terphenyl, halonaphthoquinones, and acenaphthylene may be used in combination with the charge generator. A barrier layer may be formed between the support and the photosensitive layer or between the laminated layers as long as the characteristics of the photosensitive member are not impaired.

As the support on which the photosensitive layer is formed, various conductive materials can be used.
Iron, aluminum, copper, tin, platinum, silver, vanadium,
Molybdenum, chromium, cadmium, titanium, nickel,
Examples of the material include simple metals such as palladium, indium, stainless steel, and brass; plastic materials on which the above metals are deposited or laminated; glass coated with aluminum iodide, tin oxide, indium oxide, and the like.

The shape of the support may be sheet-like or drum-like depending on the structure of the image forming apparatus to be used, and the support itself has conductivity or the surface of the support has What is necessary is just to have electroconductivity. The support preferably has a sufficient mechanical strength when used.

When the photosensitive layer is formed by a coating method, a charge generating agent, a charge transporting agent, a binder resin, etc., together with a suitable solvent, together with a suitable solvent, may be used in a known method, for example, a roll mill, a ball mill, an attritor, a paint coater. What is necessary is just to disperse and mix using an acre, an ultrasonic disperser or the like to prepare a dispersion, apply it by a known means, and dry it.

As the solvent for preparing the dispersion, various organic solvents can be used, for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and butanol, and aliphatic solvents such as n-hexane, octane and cyclohexane. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene; dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Ethers, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate, dimethylformaldehyde, dimethylformamide, dimethyls Rufoxide and the like. These solvents are used alone or in combination of two or more.

Further, in order to improve the dispersibility of the charge generating agent, the charge transporting agent and the like and the smoothness of the surface of the photosensitive layer, a surfactant, a leveling agent and the like may be used.

[0071]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples. Note that the following embodiments are merely examples embodying the present invention, and do not limit the technical scope of the present invention.

[Single-Layer Examples 1 to 16] As a single-layer photoreceptor, an X-type metal-free phthalocyanine (C) having a charge generation efficiency of 25% at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm was used.
GM-1) 3.5 parts by weight, an electron transporting agent (ETM-1 to-)
4) 35 parts by weight, mobility in electric field strength 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm is ^{5 × 10 - 6 cm 2 /} V / sec or more hole transport agent (HTM-1~-4) 55 parts by weight, as a binder resin , A copolymerized polycarbonate resin of a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 and a bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate (R
esin-1, molar copolymerization ratio a: b = 20.0: 80.
0) was dispersed or dissolved in a ball mill for 24 hours together with 700 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran to prepare a coating solution for a single-layer photosensitive layer (solids concentration of charge transport agent with respect to total solids concentration: 46. 5 wt%). Then, this coating solution is applied by dip coating onto an aluminum tube as a support, and dried by hot air at 110 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a single-layer type having a single photosensitive layer having a thickness of 28.5 μm. A photoreceptor was produced.

[Single-Layer Examples 17 to 32] Single-Layer Photoreceptor As a charge generator, Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine (C) having a charge generation efficiency of 75% at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm was used.
GM-2) 3.5 parts by weight, ETM-5 as an electron transporting agent
-8 (35 parts by weight), as a hole transporting agent, having a mobility of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm.
Single-layer type photoconductors were prepared in the same manner as in the single-layer examples 1 to 16, except that HTM-5 to -8 (55 parts by weight) of V / sec or more was used.

[Single-Layer Examples 33-48] Single-layer photoreceptors As the binder resin, the weight average molecular weight was 100,000.
A repeating unit represented by the general formula [1], a repeating unit represented by the general formula [2], and bisphenol Z
Polycarbonate resin (Resin-2, molar copolymerization ratio a: b: c = 20.
0: 0.1: 79.9) A single-layer type photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 16 except that 100 parts by weight was used.

[Single-Layer Comparative Examples 1-4] Single-layer photoreceptor As a binder resin, a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 was used.
Bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate resin (Resi
n-3) A single-layer type photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, except that 100 parts by weight was used.

[Single-Layer Comparative Examples 5 and 6] CGM-1 (3.5 parts by weight) having a charge generation efficiency of less than 40% at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm as a single-layer photoreceptor charge generator Electric field strength 5 × 10 ⁵ V / c as hole transport agent
Single layer type In the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3, except that HTM-9 and -10 (55 parts by weight) each having a mobility at m of less than 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec were used. A photoreceptor was produced.

[Laminate Examples 1-4] The X-type metal-free phthalocyanine (C)
GM-1) 260 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral (Eslec BM-1) manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. as a binder resin, tetrahydrofuran 4,000
0 parts by weight was dispersed with an ultrasonic disperser to prepare a coating liquid for a charge generation layer. On the other hand, the H
One kind selected from TM-1 to -4 (80 parts by weight), Resin-1 (100 parts by weight) as a binder resin, and toluene (1000 parts by weight) are dissolved in an ultrasonic disperser, and charge transport is performed. A coating liquid for a layer was prepared (solids concentration of the charge transport agent with respect to the total solids concentration: 44.4 wt.
%). The coating liquid for a charge generating layer was applied by dipping onto an aluminum tube as a support, and dried with hot air at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a charge generating layer having a thickness of 0.6 μm. Next, a coating liquid for a charge transport layer was applied on the charge generation layer by a dip coating method, and dried with hot air at 110 ° C. for 40 minutes to produce a laminated photoreceptor having a thickness of 28.5 μm.

[Comparative Examples 1 to 4] As a binder resin for the charge transport layer of the laminated photoreceptor, a weight average molecular weight of 1 was used.
Laminated photoconductors were prepared in the same manner as in Laminated Examples 1 to 4, except that 100,000 parts by weight of Resin-3 of 000 was used.

The structures of the compounds used in the above Examples and Comparative Examples are shown below. Table 1 shows that the electric field strength is 5 × 10 ⁵
A list of the charge generation efficiency of each charge generating agent and the mobility of each hole transporting agent at V / cm is shown.

[0080]

[Table 1]

[CGM-1] Charge generation efficiency: 25%

Embedded image

[CGM-2] Charge generation efficiency: 75%

Embedded image

[ETM-1]

Embedded image

[ETM-2]

Embedded image

[ETM-3]

Embedded image

[ETM-4]

Embedded image

[ETM-5]

Embedded image

[ETM-6]

Embedded image

[ETM-7]

Embedded image

[ETM-8]

Embedded image

[HTM-1] Mobility: 4.08 × 10
^-5 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-2] Mobility: 5.03 × 10
^-5 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-3] Mobility: 5.99 × 10
^-6 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-4] Mobility: 6.30 × 10
^-6 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-5] Mobility: 1.30 × 10
^-5 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-6] Mobility: 2.00 × 10
^-5 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-7] Mobility: 5.10 × 10
^-6 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-8] Mobility: 5.30 × 10
^-6 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-9] Mobility: 1.60 × 10
^-6 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[HTM-10] Mobility: 4.89 × 10
^-6 cm ² / V / sec

Embedded image

[Resin-1]

Embedded image

[Resin-2]

Embedded image

[Resin-3]

Embedded image

The photoreceptors of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were
Evaluation of abrasion resistance, drum squeal, toner filming / dash mark, and electrical characteristics was performed by the following tests.

[Abrasion resistance evaluation promotion test]
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the comparative example was prepared by using a copying machine having a blade cleaning unit (“Creage” manufactured by Kyocera Mita Corporation).
8331 "), no image formation (no toner development, no paper passing), and a cleaning blade pressed against the photosensitive drum (blade linear pressure 1.9 g / mm).
It was continuously rotated for 75 hours. Then, the film thickness of the photosensitive layer before and after the test was measured, and the amount of change in the film thickness was calculated. The smaller the change in film thickness, the better the abrasion resistance. Regarding the amount of change in the film thickness, a value of 3.0 μm or less was acceptable, and a value of greater than 3.0 μm was not acceptable.

[Drum Squealing Evaluation Acceleration Test] In the above-mentioned abrasion resistance evaluation test, the linear pressure of the blade was increased to 6 g / mm, and a continuous rotation was performed for 8 hours while the cleaning blade was pressed against the photosensitive drum. Was conducted to investigate the occurrence of drum squeal.

[Toner Filming / Dash Mark Evaluation Acceleration Test] In the abrasion resistance evaluation test described above, toner development was performed, the blade linear pressure was increased to 4.5 g / mm, and the cleaning blade was attached to the photosensitive drum. A continuous rotation for 24 hours was carried out in the same manner in a state of being pressed, and the surface of the photosensitive layer was visually observed to check for occurrence of streak-like toner fusion (toner filming or dash mark) in the circumferential direction of the drum. did.

[Sensitivity Evaluation Test] Using a drum sensitivity tester manufactured by GENTEC, an applied voltage was applied to the surface of the photoreceptor of each of Examples and Comparative Examples before the printing test, and the surface was +700.
V (for a single layer type photoreceptor) or -700 V (for a multilayer type photoreceptor). Then, monochromatic light having a wavelength of 780 nm (half-width 20 nm, extracted from white light of a halogen lamp as an exposure light source using a bandpass filter).
1.0 μJ / cm ² ), and the surface potential at the time 0.5 second after the start of exposure was measured as a residual potential (V _L ). The lower the _{VL, the} higher the sensitivity of the photoreceptor. A case where the absolute value of _VL was 120 V or less was acceptable, and a case where the absolute value was larger than 120 V was not acceptable.

Tables 1 to 5 show the results of the above evaluation tests.

<Single-layer type photoreceptor evaluation test result>

[Table 2]

<Single-layer type photoreceptor evaluation test result>

[Table 3]

<Single-layer type photoreceptor evaluation test result>

[Table 4]

<Results of Evaluation Test of Single Layer Photoreceptor>

[Table 5]

<Results of Evaluation Test of Laminated Photoreceptor>

[Table 6]

From all the examples shown in Tables 2, 3 and 6, the binder resin contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1], and the electric field strength of the charge generating agent is 5 ×.
A hole transporting agent having a charge generation efficiency of 40% or more at 10 ⁵ V / cm or a charge transporting agent having a mobility of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec or more at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm. , The wear of the photosensitive layer is 3.0 μm or less, and the absolute value of _VL is 1
The voltage was 20 V or less, and both abrasion resistance and sensitivity were good.

However, according to Comparative Examples in Tables 4 and 6, when the binder resin does not contain a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] (Resi
n-3), the wear amount of the photosensitive layer was larger than 3.0 μm, and the wear resistance was deteriorated.

From Table 5, it can be seen that the electric field strength is 5 × 10 ⁵ V /
When a charge generating agent having a charge generation efficiency of less than 40% in cm and a hole transporting agent having a mobility of less than 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec (single-layer comparative examples 5 and 6) are used, V _L
Became larger than 120 V, and the sensitivity was deteriorated.

From all examples in Table 4, the binder resin was
The repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] and the general formula [2]
Wherein the charge generation efficiency of the charge generating agent at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm is 40% or more, or the charge transporting agent is
5 × 10 ⁵ mobility at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm
Monolayer type photoreceptor containing ^-6 cm ² / V / sec or more hole-transporting agent, the photosensitive layer wear amount at 3.0μm or less, and the absolute value of V _L becomes less 120V, and wear resistance The sensitivity was good, and no drum squeal and no toner fusion occurred.

However, the binder resin has the general formula [1]
In the case of not containing the repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and the polycarbonate resin having the repeating unit represented by the general formula [2] (Table 4, single-layer comparative examples 1 to 4), the abrasion loss of the photosensitive layer was 3.
It was larger than 0 μm, and drum squeal and toner fusion occurred.

[0120]

According to the present invention, there is provided a photosensitive layer comprising a binder resin containing at least a charge generating agent or a charge transporting agent on a conductive substrate, wherein the binder resin is a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1]. containing, charge-generating efficiency in the electric field strength 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm of the charge generating agent is more than 40%, or the charge transport agent, the mobility in the electric field strength 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm is 5
An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a hole transporting agent of at least × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec has good abrasion resistance of the photosensitive layer even when used in an image forming apparatus having blade cleaning. The durability was excellent and the sensitivity was good.

Further, a photosensitive layer composed of a binder resin containing at least a charge generating agent or a charge transporting agent is provided on the conductive substrate, wherein the binder resin is composed of a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] A polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the formula [2],
The charge generating agent has a charge generation efficiency of 40% or more at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm, or the charge transporting agent has a mobility of 5 × at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a hole transport agent of 10 ^-6 cm ² / V / sec or more can be used in an image forming apparatus having blade cleaning without causing blade squeal or toner fusion. Excellent in durability, and good in sensitivity.

[0122]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a charge generating agent (charge generation efficiency: 25%, 4 parts by weight), an electron transporting agent (40 parts by weight), and a hole transporting agent (mobilities: 4 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec and 5 ×). 10 ^-5 cm ²
4 is a graph showing a schematic relationship between the sensitivity of a single-layer type photoreceptor composed of two types of / V / sec, 40 to 80 parts by weight) and a binder resin (100 parts by weight) and the hole transport agent content. .

FIG. 2 shows a charge generating agent (charge generation efficiency: 25% and 75%, two types, 4 parts by weight), an electron transporting agent (40 parts by weight), a hole transporting agent (mobility: 4 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec, 4
2 is a graph showing a schematic relationship between the sensitivity of a single-layer type photoreceptor composed of a binder resin (100 parts by weight) and a hole transporting agent content;

FIG. 3 shows a charge generating agent (4 parts by weight), an electron transporting agent and a hole transporting agent (80 to 150 parts by weight), a binder resin (a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] and a bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate). 3 is a graph showing a schematic relationship between the abrasion loss of a single-layer photoreceptor composed of two types of resins (100 parts by weight) and the solid content concentrations of a hole transport agent and an electron transport agent.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G03G 5/06 314 G03G 5/06 314Z 315 315 371 371 // C09B 67/20 C09B 67/20 G (72 ) Inventor Ayako Yashima 1-28-28 Tamazuki, Chuo-ku, Osaka City Inside Kyocera Mita Co., Ltd. Eiichi F-term in Kyocera Mita Co., Ltd. 1-2-28 Tamazo, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi 2H068 AA13 AA19 AA20 AA28 AA31 AA37 BA12 BA13 BA14 BA16 BA39 BA63 BA64 BB25 BB26 BB32 FC15

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1], comprising: a photosensitive layer comprising a binder resin containing at least a charge generating agent or a charge transport agent on a conductive substrate. containing, charge-generating efficiency in the electric field strength 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm of the charge generating agent is more than 40%, or the charge transport agent, the mobility in the electric field strength 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm is 5
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a hole transport agent of at least × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / V / sec. General formula [1]; (In the general formula [1], R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.) 2. A photosensitive layer comprising a binder resin containing at least a charge generator or a charge transport agent on a conductive substrate, wherein the binder resin comprises a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] and a general formula: It contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by [2], and the charge generation agent has a charge generation efficiency of 40% or more at an electric field strength of 5 × 10 ⁵ V / cm, or the charge transport agent has an electric field strength of 5%. Mobility at × 10 ⁵ V / cm is 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² /
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a hole transport agent of V / sec or more. General formula [2]; (In the general formula [2], X ²⁰ , X ²¹ , and X ²² are the same or different and are-(CH ₂ ) _n- , n is an integer of 1 to 6, and R
^{20, R 21, R 22,} R 23 are the same or different, a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, m denotes a number from 0 to 200. ) 3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin contains a polycarbonate resin having a repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [3]. General formula [3]; (In the general formula [3], R ³⁰ and R ³¹ are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.) 4. A repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [1] in an amount of 10 to 50 mol% based on the total amount of the binder resin.
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is contained. 5. The repeating structural unit represented by the general formula [2] is added in an amount of 0.05 to 10 mol based on the total amount of the binder resin.
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2, comprising 1% by weight. 6. The charge generating agent according to claim 1, wherein the charge generating agent contains an oxotitanyl phthalocyanine pigment or a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment.
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the above. 7. The photosensitive layer according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises at least a charge generator.
3. The single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor is a single-layer type containing both a charge transport agent. 8. The photosensitive layer according to claim 1, wherein said photosensitive layer is a laminated type comprising at least a charge generating layer containing a charge generating agent and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting agent.
Or the laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor according to 2. 9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 7, wherein the charge transporting agent has a solid content concentration of 30 wt% to 50 wt% of the total solid content concentration. 10. The charge-transporting agent represented by the general formula [4]:
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising a hole transporting agent represented by [5], [6] or [7]. General formula [4]; (In the general formula [4], R ⁴⁰ , R ⁴¹ , R ⁴² and R ⁴³ are the same or different and each represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or a halogen atom;
n, p and q are the same or different and represent an integer of 0-3. R ⁴⁴ and R ⁴⁵ are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. Further, -X- is Or Is shown. ) General formula [5]; (In the general formula [5], R ⁵⁰ and R ⁵² represent the same or different alkyl groups which may have a substituent, and R ⁵¹ and R ^52
53 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group which may have a substituent. ) General formula [6]; (In the general formula [6], R ⁶⁰ , R ⁶¹ , R ⁶² , R ⁶³ and R
⁶⁴ is the same or different and is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,
It represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group which may have a substituent. ) General formula [7]; (In the general formula [7], R ⁷⁰ , R ⁷¹ , R ⁷² , R ⁷³ and R ⁷⁴ are the same or different and represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group which may have a substituent. A, b, c and d are the same or different and each represents an integer of 0 to 5, and e represents an integer of 0 to 4. a, b, c
Or, when d is 2 or more, each of R ⁷⁰ , R ⁷¹ , R ⁷² , R ⁷³ and R ⁷⁴ may be different. ) 11. The method according to claim 11, wherein the charge transporting agent is represented by the general formula [8]:
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 7 or 8, comprising an electron transporting agent represented by [9], [10] or [11]. General formula [8]; (In the general formula [8], R ⁸⁰ and R ⁸¹ represent the same or different alkyl groups which may have a substituent.) General formula [9]; (In the general formula [9], R ⁹⁰ and R ⁹¹ represent the same or different monovalent hydrocarbon groups which may have a substituent.) General formula [10]; (In the general formula [10], R ¹⁰⁰ represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent,
¹⁰¹ represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a group: -OR ^101a . R ^101a represents an alkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent. ) General formula [11]; (In the general formula [11], R ¹¹⁰ , R ¹¹¹ , R ¹¹² and R ¹¹³ are
It represents the same or different alkyl groups which may have a substituent. ) 12. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoconductor is used in an image forming apparatus for collecting untransferred toner by blade cleaning means.