JP2002096084A - Environment-purifying material produced from refuse solid fuel and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a new field for the use of refuse solid fuel produced by processing refuse and to provide a means to promote the consumption of the fuel. SOLUTION: The refuse solid fuel produced by crushing, drying and forming refuse and processing into a specified form is mixed with an iron oxide source and a binder in carbonaceous powder prepared by dry distillation and then formed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an environmental purification material produced from a solid fuel obtained by crushing, drying and molding refuse, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various technologies for treating and utilizing garbage have been developed in which combustible garbage is sorted and collected from waste, so-called garbage, and then the garbage is crushed, dried and formed into a solid fuel. I have. For example, Japanese Patent Nos. 2865541 and 2981399 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
-86569.

That is, after crushing garbage such as municipal garbage, household garbage, industrial waste and municipal waste, the garbage is dried to reduce the water content in the garbage to remove metals, glass, pottery and the like. After sorting, it is formed into a predetermined shape, for example, a crayon shape, to obtain a solid fuel.

[0004] The solid waste fuel is used as a heat source for cooling and heating of various facilities and as a fuel for power generation. Equipment investment such as equipment renovation is required. On the other hand, the amount of refuse generated every day is steadily increasing, and it is desired to increase the production of refuse solid fuel in proportion to this from the viewpoint of environmental conservation.

[0005]

However, as described above, at present, facilities for utilizing refuse solid fuel are not sufficiently prepared. It is meaningless.

[0006] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to propose a means for promoting the consumption of refuse solid fuel by opening up a new place for utilizing the refuse solid fuel, particularly from the viewpoint of environmental conservation.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have sought to utilize solid waste fuel in a manner that is useful for environmental protection, and have found that it can be used as a purification material for polluted environments, especially for swamps, lakes and rivers. Water and other water resources such as the sea are becoming increasingly polluted year after year due to the incorporation of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater, which has become a serious social problem. He came to realize that the use as a purification material was significant.

[0008] Carbonaceous materials such as charcoal are rich in biocompatibility and form a biofilm on the surface, and therefore have a sewage purification function, and are used for purification of golf course wastewater and city sewage. (See JP-A-52-56754 and JP-A-8-295578). In view of such a background, the inventors of the present invention have eagerly researched a method for contributing to further purification of the garbage solid fuel, which was born from environmentally friendly refuse treatment, and found that the garbage solid fuel was converted to a carbonaceous material. Further, it has been found that by providing an appropriate shape and adjusting the bulk specific gravity, it can function as a purifying material for sewage.

That is, the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. (1) garbage solid fuel processed into a predetermined shape through crushing, drying and shaping of refuse, carbonaceous powder obtained by carbonization, mixed with an iron oxide source and a binder. Environmental purification material made from solid waste fuel.

(2) An environmental purification material made from solid refuse according to (1), wherein the carbon content of the carbonaceous powder is 30 to 70 mass%.

(3) An environment-purifying material made from refuse solid fuel according to (1) or (2), wherein the binder content is 5 to 90 mass%.

(4) In the above (1), (2) or (3),
An environmental purification material made from refuse solid fuel, characterized in that it is granular or lump having a diameter of 0.5 to 50.0 mm.

(5) The environmental purification prepared from refuse solid fuel according to the above (1), (2), (3) or (4), characterized in that it has a bulk specific gravity according to the use environment of the environmental purification material. Wood.

(6) The refuse is crushed, processed into a refuse solid fuel having a predetermined shape by drying and molding, and the refuse solid fuel is subjected to dry distillation to obtain a carbonaceous powder. A method for producing an environmental purification material, comprising mixing a source and a binder, then subjecting the mixture to granulation molding, and then drying and solidifying the mixture.

(7) The refuse solid fuel according to (6), wherein the bulk specific gravity of the environmental purification material is adjusted by changing the mixing amount of the iron oxide source according to the use environment of the environmental purification material. Manufacturing method of the produced environmental purification material.

(8) The method for producing an environment-purifying material according to (6) or (7), wherein the carbonaceous powder is subjected to a water-washing treatment prior to blending the binder with the carbonaceous powder.
Here, the iron oxide source refers to iron compounds such as iron oxide, iron hydroxide, iron ore, and iron sand.

[0017]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail. The environmental purification material of the present invention is a refuse solid fuel that has been processed into a predetermined shape through crushing, drying and molding of refuse,
It is obtained by mixing a carbonaceous powder obtained by carbonization with an iron oxide source and a binder.

Now, when the solid fuel composed of refuse such as municipal refuse, household refuse, industrial waste, and general waste is carbonized, a carbonaceous powder having a typical composition shown in Table 1 is obtained. This carbonaceous material is rich in biocompatibility and forms a biofilm on its surface, so it is effective for purification of sewage. However, if the powder is used as it is, it is difficult for the powder to flow into the sewage area without settling, thereby fulfilling its role. Therefore, in order to stop at the sewage area and form a biofilm on the surface to help purification, the carbonaceous powder is mixed with an iron oxide source and a binder to have a desired bulk specific gravity, and a shape having a certain size and weight. It is important to form at least a granular or a lump.

[0019]

[Table 1]

Here, the binder has a function of binding the particles by interposing between the particles of the carbonaceous powder, and it is preferable to use a binder that fills the voids between the particles to achieve the binding. That is, when this kind of binder is used, the aggregate of carbonaceous powders bonded via the binder, that is, the environmental purification material, has a high porosity,
Since the exposed area increases and the area where the carbonaceous powder comes into contact with the sewage increases, a high purification ability can be obtained. Such binders include cement, gypsum, clay and soil hardeners. In particular, cement is recommended because it exhibits strength at a content of about 10 mass% and a necessary and sufficient strength is obtained at about 30 mass%.

In addition, a mixture of lightly burned magnesium and a soluble phosphate fertilizer (Mag White, trade name, manufactured by Agricultural Research Institute) can be used as a soil hardening agent.
Since this soil conditioner is weakly alkaline and also has an action as a phosphate fertilizer, it is convenient for plant propagation.

Conversely, a type that acts so as to wrap the particles of the carbonaceous powder in a film when acting as a binder is not suitable. That is, as an environmental purification material, the carbonaceous powder needs to be exposed on the surface, but if the carbonaceous powder is covered with a binder, the exposed area of the carbonaceous powder decreases,
The original function is not exhibited. Examples of this type of binder include water glass and resin, and it is preferable to avoid using it.

On the other hand, the iron oxide source is used for adjusting the bulk specific gravity of the environmental purification material formed into a granule or a lump through the binder. That is, the iron oxide source in the environmental purification material plays a role as a bulk specific gravity adjusting material for approximating the bulk specific gravity of the sediment or sediment in the sea area (water area) to be purified. Environmental purification materials are mainly applied to polluted areas, but when the contaminated areas are located in the sea or rivers, they are affected by the ebb and flow of the tide on the coast and the flow of water in the rivers. As a result of uneven distribution of the material, its function may not reach the entire contaminated area. It is necessary to adjust the bulk specific gravity so that the environmental purification material is not unevenly distributed after the application. For example, when spraying on the shore, if the bulk specific gravity is adjusted to the same level as the sand on the shore, the same behavior as that of sand or the like is exhibited, so that uneven distribution can be prevented.
Therefore, by adjusting the bulk specific gravity by changing the mixing amount of the iron oxide source in accordance with the environment in which the environmental purification material is sprayed, the function of the environmental purification material can be extended to a desired range.

In consideration of the above-mentioned applications, the bulk specific gravity of the environmental purification material of the present invention is 1.2 to irrespective of whether or not an iron source is used.
2.0, more preferably 1.4 to 1.7. On the other hand, when applied to fine sand containing a large amount of iron, the bulk specific gravity may be increased, for example, to 2.0 or more. here,
Since the porous material of the environmental purification material of the present invention is more convenient for environmental purification, the specific gravity is determined by the bulk specific gravity.

The reason why the bulk specific gravity of the environmental purification material is adjusted by the iron oxide source is to create an environment in which algae grow and micro-organisms easily live by the action of iron ions eluted from the iron oxide source. This is because, in combination with the function of the carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material exhibits a function excellent in environmental purification. Further, as the iron oxide source, dust dust collected in steel works and steel works, crushed powder of iron ore, or iron powder and iron sand used in powder metallurgy can be used. Since it is suitable as a material and is inexpensive, it is a material suitable for being combined with an inexpensive carbonaceous powder made from refuse.

It should be noted that iron scrap has been used as a fishing reef, and iron is also an element that naturally exists in nature, so that even if an iron oxide source is contained in an environmental purification material, there is no risk of deteriorating the environment.

[0027] Thus, the environment-purifying material formed by mixing the iron oxide source and the binder with the carbonaceous powder to form granules or lump is required to have a mass required to precipitate when poured into a sewage area.
Especially, since it has a bulk specific gravity, it can be stopped in this sewage area. In addition, since the environmental purification material has a structure in which a carbonaceous material and an iron oxide source are attached around the binder, a biofilm is formed on the carbonaceous material, so that purification by microorganisms is performed here. Furthermore, the same effect as activated carbon, which directly adsorbs pollutants on carbonaceous materials, can also be expected.

Here, as the carbonaceous powder constituting the environmental purification material, it is preferable to use a carbonaceous powder having a C content of 30 to 70 mass%. That is, the C content of the carbonaceous powder is 30
If it is less than mass%, the purifying function is reduced, while the C content is 70 ma.
If it exceeds ss%, it becomes a carbonaceous powder having a high volatile content, and when used as an environmental purification material, the oil component may elute in water and cause water pollution, so the content is set to 70 mass% or less. Preferably, it is 60 mass% or less, more preferably 40 to
60 mass%.

Further, the content of the binder in the environmental purification material is advantageously from 5 to 90 mass%. If the content of the binder is less than 5 mass%, sufficient strength cannot be obtained after the binder is mixed with the carbonaceous powder and granulation and molding are performed, and the particle or sphere cannot be maintained. on the other hand,
If the content of the binder exceeds 90 mass%, the amount of carbonaceous powder is reduced and the purification function is reduced, and the amount of inexpensive carbonaceous powder used is reduced, which is uneconomical. That is, when the content of the binder is 90 mass% or less and the carbonaceous powder is contained at least 10 mass% or more, the purification function is easily exhibited. The content of the binder is more preferably 10 to 30 mass%.

Furthermore, the diameter of the environmental purification material is 0.5
It is preferably about 50.0 mm. Because the diameter is 0.5 mm
If it is less than the above, there is a risk of water pollution and water flow. On the other hand, when the diameter exceeds 50.0 mm, the specific surface area decreases and the purification function also decreases. More preferably, 1.0 to
The range is 30.0 mm. Then, in order to avoid water pollution and runoff due to the water flow, at the time of molding by granulation, a diameter is selected from the diameters in the above range, and the particulate matter having a diameter in a predetermined range is 90% or more of the whole. Or sieving the resulting granules to exclude those out of range.

As shown in Table 1 above, the components of the carbonaceous material obtained by carbonizing the refuse solid fuel include, as the carbonaceous material obtained from general refuse, the content of chlorine derived from refuse. Since it is inevitable, the environmental purification material made from this carbonaceous material is optimally used for sea pollution. However, it is of course possible to apply the environmental purification material to freshwater pollution by removing chlorine as described below. In addition, there is a great constructional advantage that the environmental purification material can be constructed simply by spraying it on the required sea area or water area.

Further, the environmental purification material of the present invention has an effect of adsorbing contaminants by carbon and, as shown in Table 1, contains C, Ca and K, which are plant nutrient elements. It is also possible to use. That is, when the environmental purification material is sprayed on the soil, the bacteria can be propagated in the pores of the carbonaceous material, so that the soil can be activated. When used as such a soil conditioner, it is advantageous to use the environment purifying material with a diameter of 30 mm or less.

Next, the method for producing an environmental purification material of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, FIG.
An example of a production facility for producing carbonaceous powder from refuse through refuse solid fuel is shown below. In FIG. 1, the production of the refuse molding is shown by a process diagram A, and the subsequent dry distillation of the refuse molding is shown by a schematic diagram. FIG.
In the process diagram A, reference numerals 1 and 6 denote a crusher, 2 denotes a dryer, 3 denotes a molding machine, 4 denotes a garbage foreign matter separator, 5a and 5b denote magnetic separators, 10 denotes a carbonization furnace, and 11 denotes a carbonization furnace. Gas combustion device, 12 is a boiler, 12a and 12b are water tube group, 13
a and 13b are heat exchange means, 14 is a refuse storage hopper for refuse, 15 is a quantitative feeder for refuse solid fuel such as a screw feeder, 16 is a hopper for storing carbonaceous powder after carbonization, 17
Is an afterburner, 18 is a combustion air fan, 19 is a combustion air supply pipe, 19a is a combustion air supply header, 20 is a steam supply pipe to the dryer 2, 21 is a combustion gas quenching device, 22 is a package boiler, 23 is pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched air supply piping,
24 chimney 25 a combustion gas supply pipe to the dryer 2, CV is the flow rate control valve, the conveying direction of the f ₁ Wagomi, conveying direction f ₂ Wagomi solid fuel, f ₃ is the discharge direction of the carbonaceous powder Show.

It is preferable to use a heating furnace such as an internal combustion oscillating kiln as the carbonization furnace 10, but the type of the carbonization furnace 10 is not particularly limited. Further, as a heat exchange means 13a between the steam generated in the boiler 12 and the refuse in the refuse dryer 2, it is preferable to provide an indirect heat exchanger between the refuse and the refuse in order to prevent oxidization of the refuse. The means is not limited as long as it can prevent oxidation.

In the manufacturing facility shown in FIG. 1, shredder dust obtained by crushing general waste such as county municipal waste and household waste, industrial waste, general waste, and home electric appliances and automobile parts is used. From garbage, foreign matter sorting machine 4
And metal, glass and ceramics are removed by the magnetic separator 5a. Thereafter, the obtained refuse mainly composed of combustibles is crushed by the crusher 1 and dried using steam from the boiler 12 as a heat source.

Next, the dried refuse is crushed again,
The metal is removed by the magnetic separator 5b as necessary, and then molded by the molding machine 3 to produce refuse solid fuel. This solid waste fuel is stored in the storage hopper 14,
It is supplied to the carbonization furnace 10 via 15.

In the carbonization furnace 10, the solid fuel from the refuse is carbonized. The carbonaceous powder having a carbon content of 30 to 70 mass% according to the present invention has an oxygen concentration of 1 vol.
% And can be obtained by dry distillation. In addition, the volatile components in the solid refuse are dissipated by the carbonization treatment, and the carbonaceous powder becomes porous. The carbonaceous powder obtained by such carbonization has a particle size of about 0.05 to 5.0 mm. This carbonization treatment is performed, for example, in order to control the oxygen concentration in the furnace to 1 vol% or less by adjusting the amount of air supplied to the furnace, and to limit the concentration of dioxin generated from the carbonaceous powder to a predetermined value or less. It is preferable to control the carbonization temperature at 600 ° C. or higher, preferably at 800 ° C. or higher.

The carbonaceous powder produced by carbonization in the carbonization furnace 10 is discharged from the carbonization furnace 10 and stored in the storage hopper 16.

On the other hand, the carbonization gas generated during the carbonization treatment is:
Complete combustion in the combustion device II. Note that it is preferable to blow high-temperature combustion gas from the burner 17 in consideration of safety. Then, the high-temperature combustion gas of 1000 ° C. or higher generated in the combustion device 11 is heat-recovered in the form of steam in the boiler 12, quenched by the combustion gas quenching device 21, and then exhausted from the chimney 24.

Here, the temperature of the combustion gas on the exit side of the boiler 12 is
The residence time of the combustion gas in the temperature range of 600 ° C. or more, preferably 800 ° C. or more, and 600 ° C. or more, preferably 800 ° C. or more in the combustion device 11 and the boiler 12 is 2 seconds or more;
By quenching the combustion gas by the combustion gas quenching device 21, the generation of dioxins is reliably prevented.

The steam generated in the boiler 12 is
The steam is supplied to the solid fuel production facility by the steam supply pipe 20, and is used as a heat source for drying the waste by the heat exchange means 13a.

When the solid fuel production facility is operated not in a continuous operation but in a batch system (intermittent system), no steam is obtained at the start of the operation. Therefore, in this case, steam from the package boiler 22 is used to dry the refuse at the start of the operation. The package boiler 22 can generate steam in a short time because of burning kerosene or burning heavy oil. Then, drying of the refuse is started with steam from the package boiler 22, and thereafter, the carbonization furnace 10
When the dry distillation gas is generated and steady steam generation is confirmed in the boiler II, the package boiler 22 is stopped.

As shown in FIG. 1, the combustion gas generated by the high-temperature combustion of the carbonized gas is supplied to the dryer 2 through the combustion gas supply pipe 30, and the heat exchange means 13b exchanges heat with the refuse. You can go and dry the garbage.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, it is also possible to crush the refuse by a crusher 1, form it by a molding machine 3, and then dry it by a dryer 2 to produce refuse solid fuel.

1 and 2 described above, a pure oxygen and / or oxygen-enriched air supply pipe 23 for injecting pure oxygen and / or oxygen-enriched air is provided in the dry distillation gas combustion device 11. It is preferable to mix pure oxygen and / or oxygen-enriched air having an oxygen concentration of more than 21 vol% with the combustion air. Because pure oxygen is used in the combustion device of carbonization gas,
By blowing the oxygen-enriched air, it becomes possible to achieve higher-temperature combustion in the carbonization gas combustion device 11, and the generation of dioxins can be more easily suppressed.

The carbonaceous powder produced as described above is conveyed to the next step and mixed with the iron oxide source and the binder. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, a carbonaceous powder 30 and a binder 31a made of, for example, cement and an iron oxide source 31b made of, for example, iron sand, which have been subjected to a water washing treatment as necessary.
Is cut out in a predetermined amount in a stirring tank 32, and water is further added in the stirring tank 32 to remove carbonaceous powder 30 and cement 31.
, And the mixture is supplied to a granulator 33,
, Is dried and solidified by heating on a conveyor 34, and then stored in a hopper 35. And
From the hopper 35, for example, it is cut out to a transport truck 36 and shipped. In addition, in the example shown in FIG.
Although a disc-type pelletizer is shown as 33, a vibrating granulator or other general granulators can be used.

In the case where chlorine derived from refuse is disliked as an environmental purification material, chlorine can be further removed from the above-mentioned environmental purification material. That is, as described above, by performing the water washing treatment on the carbonaceous powder before mixing the binder, the chlorine in the carbonaceous powder is NaCl, so that the chlorine can be easily removed. In addition, since the water used for the water washing treatment contains NaCl,
It is desirable to release SS and COD before releasing them to the sea.

[0048]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the manufacturing process shown in FIGS.
An environmental purification material was manufactured by applying the following conditions. Table 2 shows the results obtained by investigating the properties and component compositions of the thus obtained environmental purification materials, and Table 3 shows the results obtained by investigating the dissolution test of the environmental purification materials into various environments.

[Dry distillation step] Oxygen concentration in the furnace: 1 vol% or less Carbonaceous powder temperature: 600 ° C [Iron oxide source and binder mixing step] For a mixture of carbonaceous powder: 57 mass% and iron sand: 43 mass% Then, 30 mass% of cement and 20 mass% of water were added, mixed and granulated to obtain an environmental purification material having a binder content of 23 mass%.

[0050]

[Table 2]

[0051]

[Table 3]

Further, as shown in Table 4, the results of an exposure test in seawater with respect to the purification function of this environmental purification material showed that the growth of algae was better than that of ordinary concrete for growing seaweed beds. And the adhesion of shellfish was also good. In other words, the propagation of animals and plants indicates that the breeding environment is excellent, and also indicates that there is a water purification action.

[0053]

[Table 4]

Furthermore, the average bulk specific gravity of the shoreline sand is 1.4.
As shown in Table 2, an environmental purification material with an average particle size of 5 mm was applied to the shore where the bulk specific gravity was adjusted to 1.45 within the above range of 1.4 to 1.6, as shown in Table 2 for the true specific gravity of 2.4 to 2.6 (true specific gravity of 2.4 to 2.6). And 3
After a lapse of months, an examination of the uneven distribution of the environmental purification material in the area where the environmental purification material was sprayed showed that there was almost no change in the amount of runoff due to waves or the like and the amount of mixture in the sediment. By adjusting the bulk specific gravity, the effects shown in Table 4 were continuously exhibited.

[0055]

According to the present invention, in order to utilize refuse solid fuel as an environmental purification material, the consumption of refuse solid fuel is promoted to promote environmentally friendly refuse treatment, and at the same time, the environment is improved. Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a facility for producing carbonaceous powder used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of a facility for producing carbonaceous powder used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a process of producing an environmental purification material from carbonaceous powder.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,6 Crusher 2 Dryer 3 Molding machine 4 Foreign matter separator 5a, 5b Magnetic separator 10 Dry distillation furnace 11 Dry distillation gas combustion device 12 Boiler 12a, 12b Water pipe group 13a, 13b Heat exchange means 14 Storage hopper 15 Quantitative supply device 16 Storage hopper 17 After burner 18 Combustion air fan 19 Combustion air supply pipe 19a Combustion air supply header 20 Steam supply pipe to dryer 21 Combustion gas quenching device 22 Package boiler 23 Pure oxygen, oxygen-enriched air supply pipe 24 Chimney 25 Combustion gas supply pipe to dryer 30 Carbonaceous powder 31a Binder (cement) 31b Iron oxide source (iron sand) 32 Stirrer tank 33 Granulator 34 Conveyor 35 Hopper CV Flow control valve f ₁ Waste transport direction f ₂ Waste discharge direction of the solid fuel in the conveying direction f ₃ garbage moldings

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Ryoichi Nagata 1-chome, Kawasaki-dori, Mizushima, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama Pref. BA20 DA08 FA01 FA23 FA26 FA37 4H015 AA01 AB01 BA09 BA13 BB03 BB05 BB10 CA03 CB00 CB01

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A carbon powder obtained by carbonizing garbage solid fuel, which has been processed into a predetermined shape through crushing, drying and molding of garbage, is mixed with an iron oxide source and a binder. Environmental purification material made from solid waste fuel. 2. The environmental purification material according to claim 1, wherein the carbon content of the carbonaceous powder is 30 to 70 mass%. 3. The environmental purification material according to claim 1, wherein the content of the binder is 5 to 90 mass%. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter is 0.
An environmental purification material made from solid refuse, characterized by being 5 to 50.0 mm granular or massive. 5. The environmental purification material according to claim 1, wherein the material has a bulk specific gravity according to the environment in which the environmental purification material is used. 6. A refuse is crushed, processed into a refuse solid fuel having a predetermined shape by drying and molding, and the refuse solid fuel is subjected to dry distillation to obtain a carbonaceous powder. A method for producing an environment-purifying material, comprising: mixing a binder and a binder, performing granulation molding, and then drying and solidifying the mixture. 7. A refuse solid fuel according to claim 6, wherein the mixing ratio of the iron oxide source is changed to adjust the bulk specific gravity of the environmental purification material according to the use environment of the environmental purification material. Manufacturing method of environmental purification material. 8. The method for producing an environment-purifying material according to claim 6, wherein the carbonaceous powder is subjected to a water-washing treatment prior to blending the binder with the carbonaceous powder.