JP2002052510A - Drying of wood by dehydration by centrifugal force and forming of hard faced layer - Google Patents
Drying of wood by dehydration by centrifugal force and forming of hard faced layerInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002052510A JP2002052510A JP2000242424A JP2000242424A JP2002052510A JP 2002052510 A JP2002052510 A JP 2002052510A JP 2000242424 A JP2000242424 A JP 2000242424A JP 2000242424 A JP2000242424 A JP 2000242424A JP 2002052510 A JP2002052510 A JP 2002052510A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- drying
- centrifugal force
- strength
- crack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明が属する技術分野】本発明は、木材の乾燥及び表
面処理による形状の安定化及び強度向上に関するもので
ある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to stabilization of shape and improvement of strength by drying and surface treatment of wood.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】これまでの木材に関する人工乾燥は、蒸
気式・除湿式などによる気相乾燥によるもので、気密化
された室内において浅積みされた木材を静的に設置し、
室内の温湿度を調整しながら乾燥させる方法が主流であ
った。しかし、表層部の乾燥は、急激に進むが内部の乾
燥は熱伝導率の低下や細胞壁の閉鎖などの要因により、
乾燥速度が遅く、これらが乾燥期間を引き伸ばしている
大きな要因であった。また、表層部と内部との含水率の
差による圧力差や収縮率の差によって亀裂や反り、歪み
などの発生を引き起こし不良品の発生や品質の統一化が
困難とされていた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, artificial drying of wood is based on vapor-phase drying using a steam system or a dehumidifying system.
The method of drying while adjusting the temperature and humidity in the room was the mainstream. However, drying of the surface layer progresses rapidly, but drying of the inside is due to factors such as a decrease in thermal conductivity and closing of the cell wall.
The drying rate was slow, and these were the major factors prolonging the drying period. Further, it has been considered that cracks, warpage, distortion, and the like are caused by a difference in pressure and a difference in shrinkage due to a difference in moisture content between the surface layer and the inside, and it is difficult to generate defective products and unify quality.
【0003】そこでこれらの問題を解決するために、近
年では小経の材を短時間で乾燥させた後、集成材(積層
材)にして材料強度の向上及び品質の安定化を図る方法
が用いられているが、コストが割り高になるなど課題も
大きい。In order to solve these problems, a method has recently been used in which a small diameter material is dried in a short time, and then the laminated material (laminated material) is used to improve the material strength and stabilize the quality. However, there are also major issues such as higher costs.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明では、乾燥木材
を製造するために必要とされる初期乾燥及び、人工乾燥
にかかるの期間を短縮させ、割れや歪みなどの発生原因
となる表層部の急激な乾燥を抑えることにより、不良品
の発生を解消する。また、安価な輸入材におされ気味の
国産材普及のために、輸入材(米松)と比較し75%の
強度しかないとされる杉材を無垢材のまま表面硬度を高
めさせることにより、構造材としての利用価値を高める
人工乾燥法を提供することを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the period of initial drying and artificial drying required for producing dry wood is shortened, and the surface layer which causes cracks and distortions is reduced. The occurrence of defective products is eliminated by suppressing rapid drying. In addition, in order to spread the domestic timber that seems to be cheap imported wood, by increasing the surface hardness of cedar wood that is only 75% stronger than imported wood (Yonematsu) as solid wood, An object of the present invention is to provide an artificial drying method that enhances the value of use as a structural material.
【0005】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、木材の初期
乾燥段階を早めるための手段として遠心力を利用し、木
材を動的に動かすことにより木材に含まれる自由水の脱
水処理を行った後、表面を高温の鉄板でプレスし、表層
部に炭化・圧密化された層を形成させ、割れの原因とな
る表面乾燥の抑制、形状安定性の向上及び強度の向上を
図る。According to the present invention, centrifugal force is used as a means for accelerating the initial drying stage of wood, and dehydration of free water contained in the wood is performed by dynamically moving the wood. Thereafter, the surface is pressed with a high-temperature iron plate to form a carbonized / consolidated layer on the surface layer, thereby suppressing surface drying which causes cracking, improving shape stability and improving strength.
【0006】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】木材に含まれる水分は、主に自由
水と結合水に分けれられ、含水率が100%の場合それ
ぞれが7:3の割合で存在するとされている。生材が乾
燥する際には、まず自由水が、次いで結合水が失われ
る。そのため、含水率30%を切るとその収縮率及び圧
力の差によって割れや狂いが生じはじめる。遠心力乾燥
装置では、主にこの自由水を脱水させることを目的とし
ており、その脱水効率を高めるために装置内を蒸気等を
利用して加熱し自由水の活性化を図る。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Water contained in wood is mainly divided into free water and bound water, and it is said that each of them exists at a ratio of 7: 3 when the water content is 100%. As the raw material dries, first free water and then bound water are lost. Therefore, when the water content is less than 30%, cracks and irregularities begin to occur due to differences in shrinkage and pressure. The purpose of the centrifugal drying apparatus is mainly to dehydrate the free water, and the inside of the apparatus is heated using steam or the like to activate the free water in order to increase the dehydration efficiency.
【0007】次に木材の主要成分であるヘミセルロース
とリグニンは、それぞれ100度、200度前後で熱分
解をはじめる。これらの物質は、木材を形成する上で鉄
筋のような役割を果たしているため、これらの成分を軟
化させ再形成することにより木材の形状安定性を図るこ
とができる。しかし、国産材の主体である杉材などは、
このまま乾燥をさせた場合でも、米松と比べ75%の強
度しかないとされている。そのため、木材の表面を加熱
し圧縮することにより木材の表層部の繊維密度を高め内
部の水分が表面乾燥することを抑制させる。そうするこ
とにより、表面の急激な乾燥による内部との圧力差を抑
制し樹皮がついたまま自然乾燥をさせるのと同じ状態を
人工的につくりだすことができる。また、表面密度が高
まることにより、表面硬度が増加し水分保持能力が低減
することから割れや反りの原因となる収縮が無くなり形
状を安定化させることが可能となる。Next, hemicellulose and lignin, which are the main components of wood, begin to thermally decompose at around 100 degrees and 200 degrees, respectively. Since these substances play a role like a reinforcing bar in forming wood, the shape stability of wood can be achieved by softening and reforming these components. However, Japanese cedar, which is the main source of timber,
Even when dried as it is, it is said that it is only 75% stronger than Yonematsu. Therefore, by heating and compressing the surface of the wood, the fiber density of the surface layer portion of the wood is increased, and the inside moisture is prevented from being dried on the surface. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the pressure difference from the inside due to rapid drying of the surface and artificially create the same state as natural drying with the bark attached. In addition, as the surface density increases, the surface hardness increases and the water retention ability decreases, so that shrinkage causing cracking and warpage is eliminated, and the shape can be stabilized.
【0008】[0008]
【実施例1】図1は、遠心力装置の旋盤部の平面図であ
る。旋盤は9つのセクターに区分けされ、それぞれが独
立した乾燥室を形成した構造となっている。そこに専用
の治具にて固定・浅積みされた木材をトロッコのままレ
ールに沿って旋盤中央の止め具を使用して旋盤本体と固
定をする。全てのセクターにトロッコを固定したら入口
の扉を閉め旋盤を回転させる。木材の仕口より飛散して
きた水分は、壁に堀り込まれた溝を通じ流れだし、トロ
ッコ内の床に設けられた排水管を通じ外部へと排出され
る。乾燥機室内は、図2中の12より蒸気を送入しなが
ら室内の温湿度を調整することにより木材の温度を上昇
させ水分移動の活性化を図っている。木材は遠心力装置
内で8〜48時間遠心力を加えることにより、含水率8
0〜50%内外に均一化されたものになる。Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a plan view of a lathe part of a centrifugal force device. The lathe is divided into nine sectors, each having an independent drying chamber. The wood that has been fixed and shallowly stacked with a special jig there is fixed on the lathe body along the rails using the stopper at the center of the lathe while keeping the trolley. After securing the trucks to all sectors, close the entrance door and rotate the lathe. Moisture scattered from the timber port flows out through a groove dug in the wall, and is discharged to the outside through a drain pipe provided on the floor in the trolley. In the dryer room, the temperature and humidity of the room are adjusted while feeding steam from 12 in FIG. 2 to increase the temperature of the wood and activate the movement of moisture. Wood is centrifuged for 8 to 48 hours in a centrifugal machine to obtain a water content of 8%.
It becomes uniform within 0-50%.
【0009】[0009]
【実施例2】遠心力装置によって含水率が均一化された
木材を図3の圧縮プレス加工装置の中央に設置した後、
蒸気を噴霧しながら、木材がくっつかないよう表面をテ
フロン(登録商標)加工等の処理を施した熱板で両側面
から均一に圧縮を行う。120角程度の柱であれば約3
〜4t程度で2〜4mm程度を縮ませ、数分間その状態を
維持する。仕上げの方法により鉄板の設定温度は異なる
が、形状安定性のみを求めるので有ればリグニンの熱分
解温度前後に設定をする。但し、圧縮をかけた状態での
保持時間はその分長くする。強度を付加する場合には、
セルロース熱分解温度以上に設定を行う。その際、材表
層部に炭化層が形成させるため仕上げを考慮し、2〜4
mm程度材寸を大きめに製材をしておく必要がある。木材
は約300度近くの温度まで耐えることができるが、鉄
板の表面温度を上げた場合、可燃性ガスが発生する場合
もある。しかし、柱や梁材のように大きい角材は、材自
体の熱容量が大きいため、熱が全体に拡散され温度上昇
が遅く、その分可燃性ガスの発生は遅くなる。また、厚
い材に着火したとしても表面に炭化層ができるため燃焼
の進行を抑えることができる。Example 2 After the wood whose moisture content was made uniform by the centrifugal force device was installed at the center of the compression press machine of FIG.
While spraying steam, the surface is uniformly compressed from both sides with a hot plate whose surface has been treated such as Teflon (registered trademark) processing so that the wood does not stick. Approximately 3 if the pillar is about 120
Shrink about 2 to 4 mm in about 4 tons and maintain that state for a few minutes. Although the set temperature of the iron plate differs depending on the finishing method, if only the shape stability is required, the temperature is set before or after the thermal decomposition temperature of lignin. However, the holding time in the state where the compression is applied is lengthened accordingly. When adding strength,
The temperature is set higher than the cellulose thermal decomposition temperature. At this time, in order to form a carbonized layer on the surface layer of the material, the finish is taken into consideration,
It is necessary to make the lumber with a size of about mm larger. Although wood can withstand temperatures up to about 300 degrees, flammable gases may be evolved when the surface temperature of the steel plate is increased. However, a large timber, such as a column or a beam, has a large heat capacity, so that the heat is diffused throughout, and the temperature rise is slow, and the generation of combustible gas is slowed accordingly. Even if a thick material is ignited, the progress of combustion can be suppressed because a carbonized layer is formed on the surface.
【0010】次に材を反転させ同作業を行う。そうする
ことで仕口を除く木材の4面に圧密化された層が形成さ
れる。この圧密化された層をサンダー又はプレーナー等
を使用し表面を仕上げる。Next, the material is turned over and the same operation is performed. By doing so, a consolidated layer is formed on the four surfaces of the wood excluding the connection. The surface of this consolidated layer is finished using a sander or a planar.
【0011】[0011]
【発明の効果】こうしてできた強化木材は、内部含水率
が高くとも十分な寸法安定性を保持し、強度が高まるこ
とにより、含水率に左右されることなく品質管理を行う
ことができる。The reinforced wood thus produced retains sufficient dimensional stability even if the internal water content is high, and its strength is increased, so that quality control can be performed without being affected by the water content.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図1】 遠心力乾燥機用旋盤平面図Fig. 1 Lathe top view for centrifugal dryer
【図2】 遠心力乾燥機断面図Fig. 2 Cross section of centrifugal dryer
【図3】 圧密装置平面図FIG. 3 is a plan view of a consolidation device.
【図4】 圧密装置正面図FIG. 4 is a front view of a consolidation device.
1 トロッコ 2 木材 3 レール 4 木材固定用止め具 5 遠心力装置主軸 6 蒸気送入配管 7 トロッコ固定治具 8 自由水排水管 9 排水タンク 10 動力エンジン 11 遠心力乾燥機支持盤 12 蒸気送入口 13 遠心力装置旋盤本体 14 圧縮用鉄板 15 テフロン加工面 16 油圧ジャッキ 17 蒸気用給水タンク 18 圧密装置支持盤 19 仕口固定版 20 クレーン DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Truck 2 Wood 3 Rail 4 Stopper for fixing wood 5 Centrifugal force device main shaft 6 Steam feeding pipe 7 Truck fixing jig 8 Free water drain pipe 9 Drain tank 10 Power engine 11 Centrifugal dryer support board 12 Steam inlet 13 Centrifugal machine lathe body 14 Compression iron plate 15 Teflon machined surface 16 Hydraulic jack 17 Steam water tank 18 Consolidation device support board 19 Connection fixed plate 20 Crane
Claims (5)
その遠心力を利用して木材の脱水または乾燥をさせる装
置。1. A lathe or a dryer rotates around a main shaft,
A device that uses the centrifugal force to dehydrate or dry wood.
数配置され、全体を回転させることができる乾燥室2. A drying chamber for carrying wood in which a plurality of drying chambers are arranged in a circular shape and which can be rotated as a whole.
定できるトロッコがあり、そのまま乾燥室に固定装着で
きる乾燥装置。3. A drying apparatus which has a trolley which can fix wood by using a jig having a shallow pile or a shelf shape, and which can be fixedly mounted in a drying room as it is.
硬化層を形成する装置4. An apparatus for forming a hardened layer by consolidating and carbonizing a wood surface.
乾燥装置5. A wood drying apparatus having the features of claim 1 and claim 4.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000242424A JP2002052510A (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Drying of wood by dehydration by centrifugal force and forming of hard faced layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000242424A JP2002052510A (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Drying of wood by dehydration by centrifugal force and forming of hard faced layer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2002052510A true JP2002052510A (en) | 2002-02-19 |
Family
ID=18733449
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JP2000242424A Pending JP2002052510A (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Drying of wood by dehydration by centrifugal force and forming of hard faced layer |
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WO2006112047A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-26 | Olympus Corporation | Processing apparatus and electronic device exterior material |
CN102198680A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-09-28 | 蒋雨金 | Method for treating wood/bamboo |
KR101347502B1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-01-03 | (주)쎌포 | Timber drying apparatus |
WO2014000525A1 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-03 | 湖南三德科技股份有限公司 | Combined automatic air drying and balancing device for sample preparation |
CN104930834A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-23 | 济源石晶光电频率技术有限公司 | Centrifugal air shower drying machine |
RU2633264C2 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-10-11 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Петрозаводский государственный университет" | Method of sawn wood centrifugal drying under negative temperature |
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CN110094947A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-06 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | A kind of drying unit of drug granule manufacturing process |
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CN112212643B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-09-24 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Use method of drying device for drug particle manufacturing process |
CN112229175B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-11-05 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Drying device containing connecting rod and T-shaped pull rod for drug particle manufacturing process |
CN112212642B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2022-01-07 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Linkage ring rotating drying device for medicine particle manufacturing process |
CN112212641B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2022-01-07 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Drying device who contains V air distribution plate that medicine granule manufacture process was used |
CN110328732A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-15 | 安徽尧龙竹木制品有限公司 | Drying equipment is used in a kind of compound recombination bamboo flooring production of high tenacity bamboo fibre |
CN110328732B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-04-20 | 安徽尧龙竹木制品有限公司 | Drying equipment is used in production of high tenacity bamboo fibre composite recombination bamboo floor |
CN112240691A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-19 | 高梵(浙江)信息技术有限公司 | Integrative device of eiderdown dehumidification disinfection |
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