JP2002049449A - Method for displaying management data, method for generating the same data and management method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for displaying management data and a method for generating the management data and a management method capable of maximizing the economy of benefits (through-put) or the like and enhancing the reliability of a lead time or the like. SOLUTION: When a first evaluation axis and a second evaluation axis are used on the first evaluation axis a demand speed d which is discretely made numerical is put, and on the second evaluation axis a production speed m which is discretely made numerical is put. Each management data including data including economy and data indicating reliability corresponding to each demand speed d and production speed m are displayed in a chart format based on the first and second evaluation axes. For example, gains, costs, and benefits are included as data indicating economy, and a lead time is included as data indicating reliability. The positioning of demand strategies (d, m) under the consideration of the economy and reliability can be performed based on the chart, and a frame work for the action of management can be provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for displaying and generating management data and a management method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional management system, improvement approaches such as JIT, TQC, and TPM are often adopted. In the improvement approach,
By finding improvement goals and problems and improving the systems and methods to address them, the company aims to increase profits as costs decrease. However, the approach obtained by this improvement approach is not always the best (for example, profits, etc.) for the overall business management, even if it is partially best (for example, costs etc.).

[0003] As a method proposed in view of this problem,
There is supply chain management (SCM). Although this is directed to overall optimization in combination with the theory of constraints (TOC), it is a kind of improvement approach, and has a problem of being strategically and theoretically weak.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to maximize the economical efficiency such as profit (throughput) and improve the reliability such as lead time in a game (that is, in competition) by a design approach. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for displaying and generating management data and a management method.

[0005]

A method for displaying management data according to claim 1, wherein a first evaluation axis and a second evaluation axis are used, and the first evaluation axis is a digitized demand strategy. The second evaluation axis takes a digitized production strategy, and manages the management data (including data indicating economic efficiency and data indicating reliability) corresponding to the digitized demand strategy and production strategy. ) For the first and second
Is configured to be displayed based on the evaluation axis.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a management data display device including a data display unit, wherein the data display unit is configured to display management data to be displayed by the display method according to the first aspect. It is.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method of generating management data includes the following steps. (A) a step of setting initial values of the digitized demand strategy and production strategy; (b) a step of setting the initial values of the digitized demand strategy and production strategy and management data such as prices and costs previously collected; Calculating and generating management data, including economic data, based on the

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the management data generating method according to the third aspect, wherein the management data further includes data indicating reliability.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a management method using management data displayed by the display method according to the first aspect of the present invention. In the case of selecting the transition process to the strategy, it is configured to select the transition process while managing the management data including the data indicating the economics and the data indicating the reliability so as not to exceed the allowable limit value. I have.

[0010] A management method according to a sixth aspect is a management method using management data displayed by the display method according to the first aspect, wherein the economy is shown by changing the demand strategy or the production strategy. When one of the data and the data indicating the reliability is changed, the change is performed while managing the other so as not to exceed the allowable limit value.

A recording medium according to a seventh aspect stores a computer program for executing the generation method according to the third or fourth aspect, or the management method according to the fifth or sixth aspect. .

The signal according to claim 8 is for transmitting a computer program for executing the generating method according to claim 3 or 4, or the management method according to claim 5 or 6. Has become.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A method for displaying and generating management data and a management method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. First,
A method of displaying management data will be described with reference to FIGS.

In this embodiment, first, a competitive situation in the market is assumed. In this case, since the price as the demand strategy depends on the market price, the demand speed d is taken as the digitized demand strategy, and the production speed m is taken as the digitized production strategy. As another demand strategy, when assuming a monopolistic state of the market, the price p can be considered as a priority strategy instead of the demand speed d. The demand speed d is a known variable determined by the average arrival time between customers and orders. The production speed m is a known variable determined by the average processing time of customers and orders. The digitized demand strategy only needs to be related to demand speed, and for example, a price strategy such as a demand selection criterion can be adopted. As a digitized production strategy, anything that relates to production speed may be used.
For example, a buffer strategy such as a capability switching criterion may be employed. In the present embodiment, the demand speed d and the production speed m are discrete numerical values that are predetermined by data or the like. In this embodiment, the management data includes data indicating economy and data indicating reliability. The data indicating the economy is, for example, gain, cost, profit, and price. Here, profit (marginal profit) = gain (revenue gain) −cost (operating cost). Data indicating reliability includes, for example, a buffer size and a lead time. Here, the buffer size means the capacity of the buffer and its proper size.
The price refers to the selling price of the product. These management data are calculated corresponding to the demand speed d and the supply speed m. An example of the calculation method will be described later.

Further explanation will be given by taking the conceptual display example shown in FIG. 1 as an example. In this example, the first evaluation axis (y-direction axis)
Let's take the demand speed d and use the second evaluation axis (x-axis)
Is taking production speed m. These values are discrete in this example. Management data such as gain and lead time corresponding to each demand speed d and each production speed m is displayed. Therefore, in this example, it is displayed in a table format. When the table format is used, each management data corresponding to the demand speed d and the production speed m can be displayed in one cell, and there is an advantage that it is easy to use. However, it is not essential that the demand speed d and the production speed m are discrete, and that the management data be shown in a tabular form.
It can also be shown graphically. FIG. 2 shows a more specific example of the display example of FIG. In this example, M / M
ER per unit time in a group of production enterprises of type / 1,
A cost EC, a profit EN, a lead time LT, an amount of information (which indicates a constraint) MI, and a set price PS are shown. In this figure, the columns of production speed and demand speed that cannot be realized due to supply and demand constraints (d> m) and price constraints (things related to demand, specifically, d ≧ 1) are shown in white, and those that can be achieved Is shaded.
It is well known that there are production speeds and demand speeds that cannot be realized due to supply / demand constraints and price constraints, so further description is omitted.

Next, a management method using the management data displayed as described above will be described with reference to FIG. The starting point is the current demand speed d ₀ and production speed m ₀ of the company. From here, the ideal (eg, the highest profit) point (this is called demand speed d
^* , Production speed m ^* . ).
It is assumed that, for example, routes a, b, and c shown in FIG. In this case, it is determined whether there is an element that does not meet the business purpose in the middle of the route, and the route is selected. For example, a company that cannot tolerate a longer lead time can proceed to a destination by following a route in which the lead time does not become longer than an allowable value. Here, whether or not the route is such that the lead time (similarly for other elements) does not become longer than the allowable value can be quickly determined by looking at each item displayed in the table. In other words, this method is based on the assumption that, when selecting a transition process from a current demand strategy and a production strategy to a target demand strategy and a production strategy, data indicating economic efficiency such as gain and reliability such as lead time are used. And the management data including the data shown in the table does not exceed the permissible limit value (which may be set in advance or may be set immediately before the judgment) and select the transition process. it can. In addition, this method is based on the assumption that, when one of the data indicating the economics or the reliability is changed by changing the demand strategy or the production strategy, the other does not exceed the allowable limit value while managing the other. The management method for performing the change can be understood. Thereby, the supply and demand strategy can be improved. The data showing the economic efficiency and the data showing the reliability exemplified above are independent of the demand strategy or the production strategy, and have a property that changes by changing either one. Here, what is important as a management method is that, for example, as shown in FIG.
Then, in general, the demand speed d ^* that maximizes profits
Is to exist. Conversely, if the bottleneck is a demand constraint (demand first), there is generally a production speed m ^* that maximizes profit. Generally speaking, a sales department that seeks to maximize the gain ER and a production department that seeks to minimize the cost EC cooperate game-by-game (i.e., compete) to form a desired demand speed d. ^* , The point of the production speed m ^* is found, and the determination of the optimum route to reach the point (whether or not the optimum is different depending on the company) can be made based on the display such as the table described above.

The management method will be described more specifically. As shown in FIG. 2, there is a supply and demand strategy (d ^* , m ^* ) that optimizes the gain ER, the cost EC, and the profit EN, respectively. This strategy is (1.0, m (≦ 0.9)), (1.
2, 0.8) and (1.0, 0.7). At this time, a preferable management strategy may be an elliptical range having the former two as extreme values (center points). This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 corresponds to FIG. FIG.
, There is a pole 11 of the gain ER and a pole 12 of the cost EC. An ellipse 10 can be assumed around these poles. The target benefit EN is considered to be in the range of this ellipse, in particular, usually between the gain ER and the cost EC. In this example, the optimum gain EN as the target is located at the same position as the gain ER as indicated by reference numeral 13, but in this case also, the above condition is satisfied. However, these strategies generally have a trade-off relationship with reliability such as lead time. For example, from FIG. 4, when d <d ^* , the lead time tends to increase,
When d> d ^* , it tends to decrease. From these, a demand strategy d or more than d ^* would be a preferred strategy if some profit could be sacrificed. This is possible, for example, by increasing the price p. Another solution to this trade-off is time value efficiency ROW, which represents value per hour.
(= EN / LT) may be introduced. This is particularly effective when a maximum value of this ROW exists, and for this purpose, DEA (Envelope Analysis: Data Envelope)
opment Analysis). Such a method can be realized by computer software that can be easily designed from the above description. By doing so, for example, candidates for strategies to be taken (eg, demand speed and production speed) are displayed to the user, and support is provided for what actions the user should take for management. It can be done efficiently. Thereby, a framework for an effective management system can be formed. In addition, the technology of this embodiment is applied to APS (Advanced P
lanning and Scheduling), ERP (Enterprise Resou)
rce Planning), SCM (Supply Chain Management)
APS by combining with package software such as
Management and strategic functions can be reinforced.

Next, a display device for the management data displayed as described above will be described. This data display device has the same configuration as a normal computer. That is, the configuration includes a CPU 1, a storage device 2 such as a hard disk, an input unit 3 such as a keyboard, and a display unit 4. As the display unit 4, for example,
A display device such as a CRT and a printer. The display unit 4 of the present embodiment is configured to display management data to be displayed by the display method described above. Since the display method can be easily realized by those skilled in the art based on the above description, detailed description will be omitted.

Next, a method of generating the management data in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. (Step S1) First, an initial value of a demand speed d as a digitized demand strategy and an initial value of a production speed m as a digitized production strategy are set. This initial value is a numerical value that is discretely determined in a predetermined range in this example. (Step S2) Before (usually before) step S1, management data (for example, price, cost, buffer) to be used for calculation of gain, cost, and the like, which will be described later, is transferred to the target company (one of them). Surveys and collections of business groups. (Steps S3 and S4) Then, based on the digitized initial values of the demand speed and the production speed and the management data collected in advance in step S2, management data including gain and cost is calculated and generated. . (Steps S5 to S7) Then, a profit is calculated from the gain and the cost calculated in the above steps. From this benefit and the data obtained in each of the above steps,
Preferably, at the same time, necessary management data such as a lead time is calculated. If the calculation has not been completed for all d and m, the procedure from step S1 is repeated for the remaining d and m. However, at this time, step S2
Is often already completed, so there is no need to repeat it. If the calculation has been completed for all d and m, this routine is terminated and the management data is displayed on a display medium such as a display device or paper according to the display method described above.

Each of the above steps performs the above operation.
It can be performed by a computer program. So
Is easy from the above description. However
Step S2 is a program for that (such a
To collect important data, for example, in a company
Recently used throughput accounting related programs
is there. ) Can be linked by the program as a whole.
It is possible to obtain data automatically
In difficult cases, humans will have to work mainly.
It is thought that. Example of data acquisition in step S2
Will be described with reference to FIG. Gain ER is per unit
Divide the price by the demand speed as the profit per hour
And sales prices are just data, so they can be easily collected
Wear. In the example of FIG. 2, the price is set to 9. The cost EC
Are operating costs, idle costs, and inventory costs
And sum. That is, according to the queuing theory, EC = α₁× (average stock; m / (dm)) + α₂×
(Occupancy rate; m / d) + α ₃(Idle rate; 1-m / d), and α₁, Α₂, Α₃Is a cost factor. Example of Fig. 2
Then, α₁= Α₂= 1, α₃= 10, which are
Easily calculated from cost calculation etc. based on related data or
It can be guessed. Signals representing these programs
(Including electrical, magnetic, and optical signals)
Recorded on recording media such as FD, CD, MO, and hard disk
Recorded or transmitted over a network (such as radio waves or light).
Transmission media and transmission methods such as analog and digital are limited.
Not. Here, the network refers to the Internet or L
Transmission of all information including not only ANs but also telephone networks and broadcast networks
It is meant to include services. ) Provided by
is there.

The description of the above-described embodiments and examples is merely an example, and does not show a configuration essential to the present invention. The configuration of each part is not limited to the above as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved.

[0022]

According to the present invention, profit (throughput)
Thus, it is possible to provide a management data display method, a generation method, and a management method capable of maximizing economical efficiency and improving reliability such as lead time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating a method of displaying management data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a management data display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of using management data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a principle of a method of using management data in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating a management data display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method of generating management data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a management data display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 d demand speed m production speed ER gain EC cost EN profit LT lead time 1 CPU 2 storage device 3 input unit 4 display unit

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. Using a first evaluation axis and a second evaluation axis,
The first evaluation axis has a digitized demand strategy, the second evaluation axis has a digitized production strategy, and corresponds to the digitized demand strategy and production strategy. And displaying each management data including data indicating reliability and data indicating reliability based on the first and second evaluation axes. 2. A management data display device comprising a data display unit, wherein the data display unit is configured to display management data to be displayed by the display method according to claim 1. 3. A method for generating management data, comprising the following steps. (A) a step of setting initial values of the digitized demand strategy and production strategy; (b) a step of setting the initial values of the digitized demand strategy and production strategy and management data such as prices and costs previously collected; Calculating and generating management data, including economic data, based on the 4. The management data generation method according to claim 3, wherein said management data further includes data indicating reliability. 5. A management method using management data displayed by the display method according to claim 1, wherein a transition process from a current demand strategy and a production strategy to a target demand strategy and a production strategy is selected. In this case, the transition process is selected while managing the management data including the data indicating the economic efficiency and the data indicating the reliability so as not to exceed an allowable limit value. 6. A management method using management data displayed by the display method according to claim 1, wherein the data indicating the economic efficiency or the reliability is indicated by changing the demand strategy or the production strategy. When one of the data is changed, the change is performed while managing the other so as not to exceed an allowable limit value. 7. A recording medium storing a computer program for executing the generation method according to claim 3 or 4, or the management method according to claim 5 or 6. 8. A signal for transmitting a computer program for executing the generation method according to claim 3 or the management method according to claim 5 or 6.