JP2002197261A - Method for managing management data - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for managing management data, which can easily acquire data for management. SOLUTION: In this invention, the following steps are performed; (1) Acquiring the cumulative amount of inflows and outflows for a management target as data corresponding to time; (2) Calculating the total amount of inflows Ndi and outflows Nmi at a time interval Ti based on the data acquired at the step (1); and (3) For the management target, calculating input and output points, earning gain, operation expenses, net gain, loss gain, and whole or a part of lead time. In this step, if management data, such as input and output points, earning gain and lead time, is calculated using weighted mean, i.e., moving mean, process of the management data can be easily managed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a management data management method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional management system, improvement approaches such as JIT, TQC, and TPM are often adopted. In the improvement approach,
By finding improvement goals and problems and improving the systems and methods to address them, the company aims to increase profits as costs decrease. However, the approach obtained by this improvement approach is not always the best (for example, profits, etc.) for the overall business management, even if it is partially best (for example, costs etc.).

[0003] As a method proposed in view of this problem,
There is supply chain management (SCM). This is combined with Constraint Theory (TOC) to direct global optimization. However, this is a kind of improvement approach, and has the problem of being strategically and theoretically weak.

[0004] Therefore, by solving this problem and using a design approach, it is possible to maximize the economic efficiency such as profit (throughput) and improve the reliability such as lead time in a game manner. A display method and a management method are provided by the present inventor.
For example, the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-154040 by the present inventor
The drawings explain the contents. The outline is as follows. Average inter-arrival time d as a demand strategy,
The average processing time m as a production strategy is plotted on the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. Average profit per unit time ER, Average operating cost EC per unit time, Average net gain (marginal profit) EN (= ER-EC), Economic lead time LT
And the like are displayed corresponding to the values of d and m described above. The application also describes a management method for finding a process (transition process) for approaching an ideal or target strategic position from a current input / output position (a position determined by d and m).

[0005] By the way, in order to acquire the above-mentioned average arrival interval time d and average processing time m, which are the basis for acquiring the data of the gain ER and the cost EC, it is common sense that
The method is as follows. That is, an arrival distribution and a processing distribution in a specific example (for example, a factory) are acquired in advance, and d and m are estimated based on these statistical data.

However, in a method of obtaining distribution data statistically in advance and calculating based on the data, it is necessary to secure in advance the number of data to be statistically significant, which is difficult to prepare. In addition, this method has a problem that the processing time of the computer becomes long because the processing is complicated and the amount of calculation increases.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a management data management method capable of easily acquiring data for management.

[0008]

A management data management method according to the present invention includes the following steps. (1) A step of acquiring the accumulated inflow amount and the accumulated outflow amount in a certain management target as data corresponding to time. (2) The total inflow and total outflow in a certain time interval are
A step of calculating based on the data obtained in the step (1). (3) Using the total outflow amount and the total inflow amount calculated in the step (2), all or one of the input / output position, the profit gain, the operation cost, the net gain, the loss gain, and the lead time in the management target. Calculating the division. The management data generally means data of all or a part of an input / output position, a profit gain, an operation cost, a net gain, a loss gain, and a lead time in a management target. In the present invention, as described above, all or a part of the input / output position, the profit gain, the operation cost, the net gain, the loss gain, and the lead time in the management target can be calculated. Using this, it is easy to appropriately perform management by a method of changing a control variable (for example, an inflow amount or an outflow amount).

A management data management method according to a second aspect includes the following steps. (1) A step of acquiring the accumulated inflow amount and the accumulated outflow amount in a certain management target as data corresponding to time and storing the data in a computer. (2) The total inflow and total outflow in a certain time interval are
Calculating by a computer based on the data stored in step (1). (3) Using the total outflow amount and the total inflow amount calculated in the step (2), all or one of the input / output position, the profit gain, the operation cost, the net gain, the loss gain, and the lead time in the management target. Calculating the unit by a computer.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a management data management method according to the first or second aspect, wherein the calculated input / output position, revenue gain, operation cost, net gain, loss gain and lead are calculated. A weighted averaging process is performed on all or part of the time.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium.
And a computer program for executing the management method according to any one of the above.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is a computer program for executing the management method according to any one of the first to third aspects, or a signal for transmitting the computer program.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A screw according to an embodiment of the present invention
The management method of the data is explained based on the attached drawing
I do. This management method is applied to a certain management target (for example, business entity,
Factory, warehouse, store, etc., or schedulers, AP
Arbitrary targets, such as S, ERP, and SCM packages)
, Its input / output position (description will be described later),
Gain ER, average operating cost EC, average net gain (marginal
Profit) EN, average loss gain (opportunity loss) LN, lead tie
For managing management data such as data LT
It is. In the following example, it is assumed that the product is made to order.
In the case of birth, the same principle basically applies.
This is easily understood by those skilled in the art,
To make sure, in the case of make-to-stock production,
The way inflows and outflows are handled (how to respond) as appropriate
do it.

First, consider a management target as shown in FIG. Inflows occur for managed objects (for simplicity, overflows are excluded, but still do not lose generality) and outflows. Therefore, the inflow amount and the outflow amount corresponding to the time axis are stored in a management table on a computer (that is, managed by software such as spreadsheet software). The inflow amount and the outflow amount can be obtained, for example, in a case where they can be obtained by a software operation only from a computer that manages them, and in a case where an operator inputs each time to the computer.

Based on the input data, the computer calculates and acquires the cumulative inflow amount and the cumulative outflow amount as data corresponding to time. Of course, instead of inputting the inflow amount and the outflow amount and causing the computer to calculate them, it is also possible to calculate the accumulated inflow amount and the accumulated outflow amount separately from the beginning and manually input them into the computer. The acquired data is stored in the management table. The configuration of the management table itself can be easily designed based on the description in this specification, and thus the description is omitted. FIG. 2 shows an example of graph display of accumulated data using these data.

Hereinafter, although description may be made based on a graph, the actual operation of the computer is performed by using discrete data stored in the above-described table. Of course, it is also possible to read data graphically from the illustrated graph and use it for calculations.

[0017] Then, to calculate the total inflow _{N d1} at a certain time interval _{T 1} and the total runoff _{N m1.} This work
Can be easily carried out by calculating the difference between the cumulative inflow and cumulative outflow before and after the time interval T ₁ (see FIG. 1). Subsequently, in a similar manner to determine the total inflow _{N d2} at time interval _{T 2} and the total runoff _{N m @ 2.} After that, similarly, the total inflow N at time intervals T _n
dn and the total outflow N _mn can be determined. Furthermore, it is also possible to obtain a certain i-th time interval T _i lead time in LT _i, from the difference between the cumulative outflow amount and cumulative inflow amount at each time axis (i.e., each time point). An example of this method is as follows. First, in the time interval T _1, the flow speed at each point in time (it is known per se, which is the difference between the cumulative inflow amount and the accumulated outflow amount at a certain point in time.) L ₁
Determination of the total ΣL _1. Lead time LT ₁ ask is,
LT ₁ = W ₁ (see FIG. 2) ≒ (ΣL ₁ ) / N _m1 . This assumes that the curves of the cumulative inflow and the cumulative outflow are approximately parallel. Normally, there is little problem assuming this. However, in the above calculation, in FIG.

(Equation 1) Is used. This relationship also corresponds to m
₀₁ = (time T ₁ ) / (total flow amount N _m1 ), W ₁ =
m ₀₁ × L ₁ , and this relationship may be used.
Note _{that, m 01} corresponds to an average machining cycle time (Z). In general, for the acquired lead time LT _i , when i is changed, an arithmetic average is performed for each i for a certain period over a plurality of time points (time axis) while shifting the time points. Thus, for lead time LT _i, by the above operation, so that the moving average value is obtained. Here, the average value to be obtained is not limited to the moving average, but may be another weighted average. Here, the weighted average processing includes original data and data obtained by processing the data using some coefficients, data obtained by approximation processing, and the like. In this way, even if a large fluctuation occurs at each moment in the inflow amount, the outflow amount, and the lead time on a certain time axis, the fluctuation can be suppressed to a small extent. Then, when the management-related data is displayed as a graph or a table as a process, there is an advantage that the user can easily judge the current state, the management limit, and the like, and make prediction / planning.

Next, the outflow amount calculated as described above and
Based on the inflow volume, the input / output position and
Calculate gains, operating expenses, net gains and loss gains
You. This calculation can also be performed by a computer.
Although the calculation formula is publicly known, an outline thereof will be described here. Duty
Time interval T_iDemand speed in_0i,production
Speed m_0iThen d_0i= (Time T_i) /
(Total inflow N_di), M_{0 i}= (Time T_i) / (Total spill
Quantity N_mi). Here, i is a natural number. This and
And the input / output position is the position (d_0i, M_0i)
You. Here, demand speed and production speed overlap.
T_iIf calculated for each interval, it is possible to
Demand speed and production speed are moving average
Obtained as a value. The advantage of moving average is that
Same as im. Again, the average to get
In addition to moving averages, other weighted averages
Meaning). Here, ρ≡m₀/ D₀
And the flow number is set to L.

The gain ER is obtained as the profit per unit time by dividing the selling price by the demand speed _d0i . Prices are simple data and can be easily collected. The cost EC is the sum of the inventory cost, the operating cost, and the idle cost per unit time.

If ρ <1, the cost EC is, by queuing theory,

(Equation 2) It is. Here, α _{1 is a} waiting cost coefficient, α _{2 is an} operating cost coefficient, and α _{3 is an} idle cost coefficient. The cost coefficient can be easily calculated or estimated from cost calculation or the like, and this is known. Using these data and lead time, display and data processing as shown in the above-mentioned conventional technology are performed, and the present and past and future processes are displayed, so that management decisions and actions can be accurately performed. It is easy to do. An example of such a display is shown in FIG.
Shown in The symbols d, m, LT, ER, EC, and EN in the figure are the same as those used in the above description. Symbol LN in the figure is the loss gain as described above. In general, loss gain LN = [plan (target) EN]-[confirmed (actual) E
N]. For example, it is possible to obtain the plan EN from the planned discharge amount by the method of this embodiment, obtain the confirmed EN from the determined discharge amount by the method of this embodiment, and display the difference LN. it can. This loss gain is considered a kind of opportunity loss. Such a display example in which the difference between the planned value and the confirmed value is obtained can be similarly applied to other profit gains, operation costs, lead times, and the like in addition to the loss gain.

Here, a method for coping with the case where the cumulative inflow curve and the cumulative outflow curve overlap (ρ <1, shown in FIG. 4) will be described. In this case, a time (idle time) for which the inflow must be waited occurs. If the above method is applied in this case as well, the resulting production speed is not the desired net production speed because it includes idle time. Therefore, the section where the curves overlap is not used as data for production speed. That is, when the period T _i includes the section T _xi where the curves overlap, the production speed is calculated excluding the overlapping section T _xi (that is, as the period to be calculated as T _i −T _xi ). Equation (1) is used. When the cumulative inflow amount is substantially parallel to the curve of the cumulative outflow amount or diverges (ρ ≧ 1, shown in FIG. 5), the following measures can be taken. That is, in the equation (2), the operation cost of the second item is set to α ₂ , and the idle cost of the third item is set to zero. Thus, there is an advantage that the present management method can be applied to such a general case and can be used in most cases. It is to be noted that a temporary estimated production situation in which the cumulative inflow curve and the cumulative outflow curve intersect may occur. Also in this case, the method of the present embodiment is applicable. For example, the above method can be applied to the value of the lead time by using a method such as making the sign of the value obtained in the crossing range negative.

Each of the above steps can be performed by a computer program for performing the above operations. The programming is easy from the above description. However, it is also possible to perform complementary or independent work manually. The program or the program product can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium such as an FD, a CD, an MO, and a hard disk. In addition, this program is not limited to a network (a transmission medium such as a radio wave or an optical signal, or a transmission system such as an analog signal or a digital signal) as a signal (including an electric signal, a magnetic signal, and an optical signal). Is
It includes not only the Internet and LAN but also all information transmission means such as a telephone network and a broadcasting network. ).

Next, an example of an apparatus configuration for performing the above-described method will be described with reference to FIG. This device has the same configuration as a normal computer. That is,
The configuration includes an arithmetic unit 1, a storage unit 2 such as a hard disk or a memory, an input unit 3 such as a keyboard, and a display unit 4. The display unit 4 is, for example, a display device such as a CRT or a printer. This block diagram is merely an example based on functions. In this drawing, a certain block may be realized by a plurality of devices (may be spatially separated), or a plurality of blocks may be realized by one device. The hardware configuration can be easily selected based on the above description.

The description of the above embodiment and examples is merely an example, and does not show a configuration essential to the present invention. The configuration of each part is not limited to the above as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved.

[0025]

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a management data management method capable of easily acquiring data for management.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram conceptually describing a management target in a management data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a management data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a graph showing a cumulative inflow amount and a cumulative outflow amount to a management target;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a management data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a graph showing a data display example for process management.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a management data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a graph showing a cumulative inflow amount and a cumulative outflow amount to a management target.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a management data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a graph showing an accumulated inflow amount and an accumulated outflow amount to a management target;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an apparatus used for a management data management method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

N _d1 · N _d2 inflow N _m1 · N _m2 outflow W ₁ (= LT ₁ ) · W ₂ lead time d demand speed m production speed ER gain EC cost EN profit LN loss gain

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A management data management method comprising the following steps. (1) A step of acquiring the accumulated inflow amount and the accumulated outflow amount in a certain management target as data corresponding to time. (2) The total inflow and total outflow in a certain time interval are
A step of calculating based on the data obtained in the step (1). (3) Using the total outflow amount and the total inflow amount calculated in the step (2), all or one of the input / output position, the profit gain, the operation cost, the net gain, the loss gain, and the lead time in the management target. Calculating the division. 2. A management data management method comprising the following steps. (1) A step of acquiring the accumulated inflow amount and the accumulated outflow amount in a certain management target as data corresponding to time and storing the data in a computer. (2) The total inflow and total outflow in a certain time interval are
Calculating by a computer based on the data stored in step (1). (3) Using the total outflow amount and the total inflow amount calculated in the step (2), all or one of the input / output position, the profit gain, the operation cost, the net gain, the loss gain, and the lead time in the management target. Calculating the unit by a computer. 3. The management data management method according to claim 1, wherein the calculated input / output position, the profit gain, the operation cost, the net gain, the loss gain and the lead time are all or partly calculated. A management data management method comprising performing weighted averaging processing. 4. A recording medium storing a computer program for executing the management method according to claim 1. 5. A computer program for executing the management method according to claim 1, or a signal for transmitting the computer program.