JP2002023169A - Liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal cell and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart vertical alignment and domain formation to a homeotropic pixel element of a liquid crystal display technique by using a technique to form a self-organizing monomolecular film. SOLUTION: A substituted silane compound such as octadecyl silane is applied to a transparent conductive layer surface of such as indium tin oxide as a hydrolysable alcoholic solution and a molecular layer with thickness of essentially one molecule (the monomolecular film) is formed via a baking temperature cycle. One terminal group of the monomolecular film is bonded to the indium tin oxide surface and the other terminal group functions so as to influence molecular alignment and domain formation of a liquid crystal material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display having a wide viewing angle by using a homeotropic pixel cell utilizing the orientation of a self-assembled monolayer.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Liquid crystal displays that can be configured as flat panels are becoming increasingly important in industries that involve the display of information, such as the computer industry. This type of display is unique in that it has the potential to be lighter, smaller, and ultimately lower in information display costs.

[0003] However, the prior art has a problem of a moving range on the side of viewing the display. In a display, the orientation of the molecules in the liquid crystal determines whether light from each pixel passes through the liquid crystal in response to a signal at the pixel location. The viewing range is related to how much the assembly can block the light passing through the liquid crystal when there is no signal at each liquid crystal pixel and how well the light can pass when there is a signal at each liquid crystal pixel while maintaining the display quality. I do.

[0004] An interest in current technology is the use of vertically aligned (called homeotropic) liquid crystal polymer material in display assemblies for pixels between substantially parallel transparent conductor carrying surfaces. In the absence of an applied signal, the polymer molecules are aligned perpendicular to the surface, and the liquid crystal is given certain factors that cause domain formation.

A. Lien and R. US Patent No. 530 by John
No. 9264 discloses a liquid crystal display (LC) utilizing a fringe field generated by electrode cutout.
D) is described how to provide multi-domains to improve the viewing angle of conventional LCDs. A. U.S. Pat. No. 5,907,380 to Lien discloses a multi-domain liquid crystal display (LC) with fringe fields and polymer walls (ridges) to improve the viewing angle of conventional LCDs.
The method of forming D) is described. In these multi-domain homeotropic liquid crystal displays, a homeotropic (vertical alignment) polymer is used as the liquid crystal layer, and when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the surface.

However, in the prior art, the application of such oriented polymer layer deposition and multi-domain techniques involves multiple steps and a somewhat complicated process of deposition, curing, rubbing, etc. There is a problem that it is important to simplify the process and reduce its cost.

In the above example, a completely different technique in which the relevant interface is used as a lubricating film, a biological film, forms a monolayer of organic molecules supported in an ordered structure as a result of the self-assembly of the manufacturing process. There is a report on the process.

[0008] R. G. Nuzzo and D. L. Journal by Allara
of American Chemical Society vol. 105, pp. 4481-
3, 1983, describes that a self-assembled monolayer, which is essentially a monolayer of organic molecules, has terminal groups that are selectively adsorbed to the solid surface. Solids are usually
Inorganic substances or metals.

[0009] In another example of the same literature, a self-assembled monolayer of thiol adsorbed on gold has a regular structure having methylene (CH2) groups with all trans configurations. J. Journal of American Chemical Soc by Sagiv
society vol. 102, pp. In the examples reported in 92-98 and 1980, a self-assembled monolayer of n-octadecylsilane is produced on a glass surface using hydrolyzed n-octadecyltrichlorosilane. C. R. Kessel and S.M. Granick
Langmuir, vol 7, pp. In the examples reported in 532-538, 1991, a monomolecular film having good regularity is formed on the cleaved mica by hydrolyzing n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, vertical alignment and domain formation of homeotropic pixel elements is provided to liquid crystal type display technology by the technique of forming a self-assembled monolayer. Silane compounds such as octadecylsilane are available from indium tin oxide (IT
When applied to the surface of a transparent conductive layer such as O) in an appropriate form and subjected to a bake temperature cycle, one end is bonded to the indium tin oxide surface and the other end of the bonded molecule functions to affect the molecular alignment of the liquid crystal. To form a substantially monolayer of molecules.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. A plan view of a substrate when employing the present invention to form a conventional active matrix liquid crystal display configuration into a conventional liquid crystal display device is shown. In the figure, first 2 rows 3
Six pixel electrodes 26 in a column are formed. It is located below the pixel of the display. Pixels are formed between gate line 32 and data line 31 in a conventional configuration. FIG. 2 shows an active matrix element such as a thin film transistor (TFT).

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. FIG. 2 shows a liquid crystal display structure in which electrodes and a liquid crystal material are arranged, as shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a partial cross section viewed from the direction A, showing the application of the self-assembled monolayer technique. The array of FIG. 2 shows a substrate 22 and a support 24 of a transparent material such as glass. Two members 2
2 and 24 are arranged to be parallel to each other with high precision. Typically, members 22 and 24 are separated from each other by about 1 μm to about 20 μm, and their ends (not shown) are sealed to close the space therebetween. An array of pixel electrode films 26 that define the pixels of the liquid crystal display are deposited on the substrate material 22. A diode and a thin film transistor (T
A semiconductor device 30 such as FT) is attached. By convention, there is one or more TFTs 30 for each pixel. TFT
Each of the TFTs 30 is controlled by a conductive gate line 32 (FIG. 1) and a conductive data line 31 (FIGS. 1 and 2), the lines typically being electrically connected to one electrode film 26 to which the source electrode of each TFT 30 corresponds. The substrate material 22 is electrically connected to the electrode 26 except that it is connected to
Attached on top. Gate line 32 (not shown in FIG. 2) and data line 31 are also electrically isolated from one another at the intersection area. A color matrix layer 23 is typically deposited on the support 24. The color matrix layer 23 is usually composed of an R, G, or B color matrix material 23-2.
And are alternating. Black matrix substance 23
-1 blocks the device against ambient incident light,
To prevent light from leaking out of the pixel area, TF
Attached to the other side of T30, data line 31 and gate line 32. Color matrix material 23-
2 is attached to the opposite side of the pixel electrode 26. Usually, a continuous electrode 28 is formed on the color matrix layer 23. The continuous electrode 28 is preferably formed from a transparent thin film of a conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO).

The liquid crystal material 36 fills the space between the members 22 and 24. In some applications, the properties of the liquid crystal material change according to the operating mode of the liquid crystal display 20.

According to the present invention, the inner surface in contact with the liquid crystal material 36 functions to vertically align the liquid crystal molecules of the material 36 at the cell gap between the electrodes 26 and 28 and to effect at least one domain formation. It is coated with at least one of the alignment layers 38 and 40 which is a layer having an ordered molecular structure.

The molecular orientation of the homeotropic liquid crystal is shown in FIGS.

Referring to FIG. The alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 50 at least in the vicinity of the members 26 and 28
When no electric field is applied between the electrode and the electrode 28 (ΔV = 0),
The long axes of the molecules 50 are aligned so as to be substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the corresponding members 26 and 28. The molecules have a small pretilt angle (typically 1 to 15 degrees with respect to the substrate normal).
t angle).

Referring to FIG. When an electric field is applied between the surfaces of the members 26 and 28 (ΔV ≠ 0), at least the layer portion 51 of the liquid crystal molecules is oriented in a direction substantially parallel to the surfaces of the members 26 and 28.

When applying the self-assembled monolayer technology to the liquid crystal display technology according to the present invention, the self-assembled material forming the monolayer forms a transparent layer material that can be used in the liquid crystal display technology. Let me choose. This substance can be suspended in a solvent, which is affected by the dip or spin attachment operation, whose thickness is determined by the surface tension, where it can be removed within the normal time / temperature change process window. Meet the interdependence criteria.

At this stage in the art, the most commonly used transparent conductive material is indium tin oxide. A good medium is alcohol.

When an alcohol is used as a medium and hydrolyzed, the compound dissociates into two compounds, one of which reacts well with a transparent conductive material, and a uniform thin film is obtained by dip or spin. When forming an assembled monolayer, there are silane compounds that react for a relatively long time at a temperature cycle of about 100 ° C.

The silane compound contains a substituent of R—Si X ₃ . R is an alkyl group, X is Cl, OCH ₃ and OC ₂
It is one of the group consisting of H _5. Alkyl groups usually contain from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.

In the present invention, the following process example is adopted. Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. In the step of manufacturing the alignment layers 38 and 40 on the transparent layer 28 using indium tin oxide, a substance known as OTMS, n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, is mixed with n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane in a mixed solution of isopropanol and water or ethanol. Hydrolyzed to octadecyltrihydroxysilane and coated by dipping on a substrate with an indium tin oxide layer on top. The coated substrate is then treated at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
Bake for a minute. At the time of baking, the silane molecule end group of n-octadecylsilane is bound to the surface of the indium tin oxide layer, but the methyl molecule end group of n-octadecylsilane is oriented away from the surface, and the n-octadecyl molecule is Orient in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface. The configuration of all methylene groups in n-octadecylsilane is trans.

The n-octadecyl chain is either high or low density. It has been observed that low-density self-assembled n-octadecylsilane monolayers produce a homeotropic alignment of liquid crystal materials, especially in the nematic form.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. Members 22 and 2
Light compensating films 42 and 44 can be attached to the outer surface of 4, respectively. Finally, polarizing films 46 and 48 can be applied on the compensating films 42 and 44, respectively, and the compensating films are used in that case, but the members 22 and 24, respectively.
Not used when applied to

The conventional liquid crystal display shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is located below the array on the side of the substrate 22 and has a support member 24.
It is illuminated by a light source (not shown) visible from the side.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to transmitted light or reflected light liquid crystal display technology.

Liquid crystal cells are usually characterized by a pixel area and a cell gap. The pixel area of a cell is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the width W and the length L of the pattern of the pixel electrode film 26 of the cell are defined. Also, the cell gap is defined by the distance between layers 38 and 40 as shown in FIG.

A homeotropic liquid crystal cell requires a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy. Examples of such materials include E.I. ZL from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)
There are I-4788 and ZLI-2857 (available through EM Industries, USA).

In the conventional technology, homeotropic
The alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the cell is typically accomplished by placing an alignment layer of an abrasion responsive material, such as polyimide, in the cell gap adjacent to the electrodes and performing a rubbing step, which is usually performed manually during manufacturing. Have been obtained. Examples of such rubbing are described in KW. "Microscopic Molecular Reorientation of Alignm by Lee et al.
ent Layer Polymer Surfaces Induced by Rubbing and
its Effects on LC Pretilt Angles ", Macromolecule
s, Vol. 29, Number 27, Pages 8894-8899.

The valuable advantages obtained by the present invention are:
The orientation layers 38 and 40 allow the self-assembly of the molecular structure, thus eliminating the need for a conventional rubbing operation.

The self-assembled monolayer technique is disclosed in US Pat.
It is also apparent that it can be applied in conjunction with, and to improve upon, the prior art fringe techniques described above, as described in 309264 and 5907380.

The adoption of the self-assembled monolayer technology in any manufacturing process is almost the same as the current technology except for the process of changing the structure and applying the alignment layer.

As is well known, homeotropic liquid crystal cells typically use a compensation film to reduce the leakage of dark state light transmitted through the liquid crystal display panel in directions other than perpendicular to the substrate. For best results, the product of the thickness of the liquid crystal material layer of the liquid crystal display cell and the difference between the ordinary refractive index and the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal display material should be determined by the total thickness of the compensation film and the ordinary refractive index of the compensation film. Equal to or close to the product of the index and the extraordinary refractive index difference.

As will be seen from the following examples, it is clear that there are various variations in the application of the principles of the present invention.

As an example, a substrate having a transparent conductive layer such as indium tin oxide is dipped in an alcohol solution of a self-assembled monomolecular film precursor. A substance called OTMS, n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane, and HTMS
N-hexadecyltriethoxysilane, which is referred to as, can be hydrolyzed to n-octadecyltrihydroxysilane and n-hexadecyltrihydroxysilane, respectively, by mixing with isopropanol and a water solvent or ethanol. The concentration of OTMS or HTMS is between 0.1% and 1.0% by volume. The partially or completely hydrolyzed solution can be applied to the indium tin oxide layer on the substrate by dipping or spinning. The substrate is baked at 85 ° C. for 10 to 30 minutes. Next, a nematic liquid crystal material having negative dielectric anisotropy satisfying the 95-463 type specification is sandwiched between the two substrates. Each substrate is coated with indium tin oxide and has a self-assembled alignment layer thereon. Here, by observing the light transmitted through the two polarizers arranged at the top and bottom,
The quality of the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal can be confirmed. If the sandwich assembly has homeotropic alignment, light is blocked.

As another example, the glass coated with indium tin oxide is washed in several steps, including the step of first degreasing with an organic solvent such as chloroform. After cleaning, each surface of the glass substrate is subjected to UV ozone treatment for 10 minutes to remove existing organic contaminants. Next, the substrate is thoroughly rinsed with deionized water. The substrate is thereby completely moistened. This indicates that the surface is free of organic contaminants. The glass substrate is dried with clean nitrogen and left in an oven at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, a water-bound monomolecular film is obtained on the surface of the indium tin oxide. Next, an OTMS solution of ethanol is prepared.

When the concentration of the precursor in the alcohol solution is 0.0
Good results are obtained with 1% to 5.0% by volume. A preferred concentration is 3.59% v / v.

Good results are obtained by performing spin coating and dip deposition for varying lengths of time.

After depositing the OTMS on the surface of the indium tin oxide, a washing step including immersion in chloroform or rinsing with deionized water can also be performed. The substrate is then dried with clean nitrogen.

When spinning, a glass substrate coated with indium tin oxide is placed on a spinner head, and about 2 ml of a solution is applied.

Coating with indium tin oxide,
The substrate to which the solution was attached was then dried with clean nitrogen and dried.
Bake at 0 ° C. for 1 hour. This time is sufficient to produce a self-assembled monolayer on indium tin oxide that functions to induce good vertical alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

In this manufacturing process, the solution concentration was 3.59.
Constant flexibility and high quality are obtained near% v / v. At that time, a correlation between the dip time and the concentration was observed.

The degree and quality of vertical alignment can be evaluated by observing light passing through two crossed polarizers located above and below the cell. For perfect homeotropic alignment, light is blocked. If a molecule has irregularities or misorientation, light will pass through the crossed polarizer.

In summary, the following matters are disclosed regarding the configuration of the present invention.

(1) Light transmission through a liquid crystal material having molecules that can be matched in response to a signal and located between substantially parallel surfaces of the first and second transparent conductive materials, respectively,
Changes in response to a signal applied between the transparent conductive materials,
In a liquid crystal display device, at least one alignment layer positioned adjacent to the transparent conductive material between at least one of the first and second transparent conductive materials and the liquid crystal material, wherein the alignment layer is Having at least one layer of elongate molecules having first and second end groups of atoms, wherein the first end groups of each molecule of the layer of elongate molecules are chemically attached to the surface of the adjacent transparent conductive material. A liquid crystal display, wherein each of the elongated molecules having a bond and having the second end group extends in a direction of the liquid crystal material, essentially perpendicular to the surface. (2) the transparent conductive material is indium tin oxide, and the elongated molecule is a substituted silane compound;
The liquid crystal display device according to (1). (3) said substituted silane compound comprises R-Si _{X 3,} R is an alkyl group, X is Cl, OCH ₃ and OC ₂
In the group consisting of H _5, (2) liquid crystal display device according. (4) Light transmission through a liquid crystal material having molecules that can be matched in response to a signal and located between respective surfaces of the first and second transparent conductive materials substantially parallel to each other is performed by the transparent conductive material. In a liquid crystal display device, which changes in response to a signal applied between materials, a position adjacent to the transparent conductive material between at least one of the first and second transparent conductive materials and the liquid crystal material. A monolayer alignment member, wherein the alignment member aligns the alignable molecules of the liquid crystal in a direction substantially perpendicular to the transparent conductive material surface, and gives the alignable molecules preferential domains. domain), a liquid crystal display that functions to provide (5) A cell in a liquid crystal display pixel area, wherein the liquid crystal material has molecules which are located between each of the first and second substantially parallel transparent conductive material surfaces and can be aligned in response to a signal. Wherein the transmission of light through the cell changes in response to a signal applied between the transparent conductive materials,
Being located adjacent to the transparent conductive material between at least one of the first and second transparent conductive materials and the liquid crystal material,
A cell having one end bonded to the surface of the adjacent transparent conductive material and the other end extending to the liquid crystal and comprising a monolayer of substituted silane molecules. (6) A method of manufacturing a homeotropic liquid crystal display device having a layer of liquid crystal material having a molecular orientation substantially perpendicular to an alignment layer and having at least one preferred domain, wherein the first transparent film has an exposed surface. Disposing a conductive material on a supporting substrate; and a compound having elongated molecules on the exposed surface of the first transparent conductive material, forming a monomolecular film of the elongated molecules on the first transparent conductive material. Applying a thin film with said solution, removing said solvent from said solution and bonding said compound of said thin film with said first transparent conductive material, said first transparent conductive material and said thin film of said substrate. Baking for a predetermined time and temperature for a combination of: a) placing a first surface of a liquid crystal material layer having a thickness of about 20 μm on an exposed surface of the bake-treated combination; The and placing the second surface remaining of the layer of said liquid crystal material, method. (7) The method, comprising: disposing a second transparent conductive material having an exposed surface on a support substrate; and having an elongated molecule on the exposed surface of the second transparent conductive material; Applying a thin film with a solution of a compound that forms a monomolecular film of the elongated molecules, and removing the solvent from the solution to bind the compound of the thin film with the second transparent conductive material. Baking the combination of the second transparent conductive material and the thin film on the substrate for a certain time and at a predetermined temperature; and disposing the liquid crystal material layer between the first transparent conductive material and the second transparent conductive material. (6). (8) The method according to (6), wherein the first transparent conductive material is indium tin oxide. (9) the thin film applying step is selected from a process group consisting of dipping and spin coating;
(8) The method according to the above. (10) The solvent contains an alcohol, (9)
The described method. (11) The method according to (10), wherein the support substrate is glass. (12) In the thin film applying step, the compound is R-
Si is selected from the group of silane compounds represented by X ₃ , R is an alkyl group, X is Cl, OCH ₃ and O
The method according to (6), wherein the method is selected from the group consisting of C ₂ H ₅ . (13) A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having a homeotropic liquid crystal pixel having a molecular alignment substantially perpendicular to an alignment layer and including a layer of a liquid crystal material having at least one preferential domain, the device having an exposed surface. Disposing a layer of indium tin oxide on a support substrate, and a solution of a substituted silane compound that has been hydrolyzed to have preferential reactivity with indium tin oxide at one end group, Applying a thin film of a solution having a mixed solution of alcohol and water as a solvent to the exposed surface, and baking the combination of the first transparent conductive material and the thin film for a certain time and at a predetermined temperature; Removing the terminal group of the silane compound on the exposed surface to bond with the indium tin oxide to form a substantially monomolecular film; Disposing a first surface of a liquid crystal material layer having a thickness of about 20 μm on an exposed surface of the baked combination; and disposing a second transparent conductive material on a second surface of the liquid crystal material. (14) the silane compound is R-Si _{X 3,}
The method according to (13), wherein R is an alkyl group, and X is in a group consisting of Cl, OCH ₃ and OC ₂ H ₅ . (15) The method according to (14), wherein the substrate is glass. (16) The method according to (15), wherein the alcohol solvent is isopropanol. (17) The concentration of the substituted silane compound is 0.0
(16) The method according to (16), wherein the content is 1% by volume to 5.0% by volume. (18) The method according to (17), wherein the liquid crystal is a nematic type.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a conventional cross-type active matrix LCD.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a substrate when a structure is formed.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a partial cross section of a liquid crystal display structure in which electrodes and a liquid crystal material are arranged, as viewed from a direction AA in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view showing the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in a homeotropic liquid crystal cell.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in a homeotropic liquid crystal cell.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 20 liquid crystal display 22 substrate material 23 color matrix layer 24 support material 26, 28 electrode 30 semiconductor device 31 conductive data line 32 conductive gate line 36 liquid crystal material 38, 40 alignment layer 42, 44 compensation film 46, 48 polarizing film 50 , 51 liquid crystal molecules

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Stephen Batchwalter, USA 12533, Popwell Junction, NY, Coach Lantern Drive 9 (72) Inventor Christos Dimitrios Dimitra Coporus United States 10604, U, NY Est Harrison, Lake Street 791 (72) Inventor Can-Uck Lee, United States 10598; Yorktown Heights, New York, Chestnut Court 393 (72) Inventor Shuicy Alan Lien United States 10510, Briarcliff Manor, New York, Pea Pond Lane 19 (72) Inventor Sampath Parash Ozaman The United States 10598, New York Yo Kutaun Heights, Raboi Court 2075 F-term (reference) 2H090 HB12Y HC07 HC08 HD14 LA01 MA01 MA07 2H092 HA04 PA01 PA02

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission of light through a liquid crystal material having molecules that can be aligned in response to a signal and located between substantially parallel surfaces of the first and second transparent conductive materials, respectively. A liquid crystal display device that changes in response to a signal applied between transparent conductive materials, wherein the transparent conductive material is adjacent to at least one of between the first and second transparent conductive materials and the liquid crystal material. At least one alignment layer, the alignment layer having at least one layer of elongated molecules having first and second end groups, the first of each molecule of the layer of elongated molecules being A terminal group having a chemical bond to a surface of the adjacent transparent conductive material, and each of the elongated molecules having the second terminal group extending in a direction of the liquid crystal material substantially perpendicular to the surface. Display device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive material is indium tin oxide, and the elongated molecules are substituted silane compounds.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 3. The substituted silane compound is R-Si X
₃ , R is an alkyl group, X is Cl, OCH ₃ and O
In the group consisting of C ₂ H _5, a liquid crystal display device according to claim 2. 4. Transmission of light through a liquid crystal material having molecules that can be matched in response to a signal and located between surfaces of substantially parallel first and second transparent conductive materials, respectively. A liquid crystal display device that changes in response to a signal applied between transparent conductive materials, wherein the transparent conductive material is adjacent to at least one of between the first and second transparent conductive materials and the liquid crystal material. A monolayer alignment member, wherein the alignment member aligns the alignable molecules of the liquid crystal in a direction substantially perpendicular to a surface of the transparent conductive material and preferentially domains the alignable molecules. (Preferential domain)
A liquid crystal display device that functions to give 5. The transmission of light through a liquid crystal material having molecules which can be aligned in response to a signal and located between each of the first and second substantially parallel transparent conductive material surfaces, wherein the light transmission comprises a transparent material. A liquid crystal cell that changes in response to a signal applied between conductive materials, wherein the liquid crystal cell is positioned adjacent to the transparent conductive material between at least one of the first and second transparent conductive materials and the liquid crystal material. And
A cell coupled to the surface of the adjacent transparent conductive material at one end and a monolayer of substituted silane molecules extending to the liquid crystal. 6. A method for manufacturing a homeotropic liquid crystal display device having a layer of liquid crystal material having a molecular orientation substantially perpendicular to the alignment layer and having at least one preferred domain, the method comprising: (1) disposing a transparent conductive material on a supporting substrate; forming elongated molecules on the exposed surface of the first transparent conductive material, and forming a monomolecular film of the elongated molecules on the first transparent conductive material; Applying a thin film with a solution of the compound to be removed, removing the solvent from the solution and bonding the first transparent conductive material with the first transparent conductive material so as to bond the compound of the thin film with the first transparent conductive material. Baking the combination of thin films for a predetermined time and temperature; placing a first surface of a liquid crystal material layer having a thickness of about 20 μm on an exposed surface of the baked combination; Disposing a transparent conductive material on the remaining second surface of said layer of said liquid crystal material. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: disposing a second transparent conductive material having an exposed surface on a support substrate; and having an elongated molecule on the exposed surface of the second transparent conductive material; Applying a thin film to the conductive material with a solution of a compound that forms the monolayer of the elongated molecule; removing the solvent from the solution to bind the compound of the thin film to the second transparent conductive material Baking the combination of the second transparent conductive material and the thin film on the substrate for a certain period of time and at a predetermined temperature, wherein the liquid crystal material layer is disposed between the first transparent conductive material and the second transparent conductive material. Disposing. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transparent conductive material is indium oxide.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the method is tin. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of applying a thin film includes immersing and spinning.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is selected from a process group consisting of a coating. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said solvent comprises an alcohol. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said support substrate is glass.
0. The method of claim 0. 12. The compound of the step of applying a thin film,
Selected from the group of silane compounds represented by R—Si X ₃ , where R is an alkyl group, X is Cl, OCH ₃
And _OC 2 _{H 5} is selected from from consisting group, The method of claim 6 wherein. 13. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display having homeotropic liquid crystal pixels, wherein the molecular alignment is substantially perpendicular to the alignment layer and includes a layer of liquid crystal material having at least one preferred domain, comprising: Disposing a layer of indium tin oxide having on the support substrate a solution of the substituted silane compound that has been hydrolyzed to have preferential reactivity with indium tin oxide at one end group. Applying a thin film of a solution containing a mixed solution of alcohol and water as a solvent to the exposed surface, and baking the combination of the first transparent conductive material and the thin film for a predetermined time and temperature, By removing the solvent, the terminal group of the silane compound is bonded to the indium tin oxide on the exposed surface to form a substantially monomolecular film. And disposing a first surface of a liquid crystal material layer having a thickness of about 20 μm on an exposed surface of the baked combination; and disposing a second transparent conductive material on a second surface of the liquid crystal material. Method. 14. The silane compound is R—Si X ₃ , R is an alkyl group, X is Cl, OCH ₃ and OC ₂ H.
₅ in the group consisting of The method of claim 13, wherein. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said substrate is glass. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said alcohol solvent is isopropanol. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the concentration of the substituted silane compound is between 0.01% and 5.0% by volume. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said liquid crystal is a nematic type.