JP2002000066A - Culture medium for raising seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a seedling-raising culture medium which can easily be handled without being cracked or collapsed, can be not only produced at a low cost and in a massive amount but also prevent the generation of molds, and is thereby further suitable for the raising of the seedlings without inhibiting the raising of the seedlings. SOLUTION: This culture medium for the raising seedlings is obtained by separating off rice screenings (embryos, broken kernels) mixed with chaffs in a process 100 for separating the rice screenings, crushing the left chaffs in a process 101 for crushing the chaffs, stirring and mixing the crushed chaffs with sheath-core type fibers and fertilizers in a stirring and mixing process, and then subjecting the mixture to an overheating and compressing molding treatment in a compression molding process 106. The obtained culture medium itself for the raising seedlings has a mat-like shape, has the so-called sponge-like flexibility and water retainability, can easily be handled without being cracked or collapsed, can be produced at a low cost in a large quantity, and can prevent the generation of molds because rice screenings containing starch in large contents have been removed, thereby not inhibiting the seedling raising.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a medium for raising seedlings used for raising seedlings of crops such as paddy rice.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years,
The seedlings of crops such as paddy rice are raised in a nursery, and soil cultivation is generally used as the bed soil of the nursery. However, in such soil cultivation, high-quality (homogeneous) floor soil is relatively expensive and difficult to obtain, or heavy and poor in transportability. Therefore, floor soil (cultivation soil) replacing such soil cultivation has been proposed (as an example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-18165).

[0003] The cultivated soil disclosed in the above publication is composed of a cultivated vegetative soil material (such as bark compost obtained by composting bark, pulp chips, sawdust, etc.) using a hydrophilic urethane prepolymer as a binder and drying. It has become. In addition,
As the binder, polyvinyl alcohol or starch may be used. This kind of soil can effectively utilize so-called industrial waste such as bark and pulp chips as a soil cultivation material, and this plant cultivation material is also relatively inexpensive.

[0004] However, the conventional cultivation as described above,
There were still the following disadvantages. In other words, it takes a long time (for example, 1 hour) to bond the cultivation material (consolidation drying using
(Approximately 3 hours), mass production was difficult, and the cost was high. In addition, the completed soil (that is, the soil hardened and dried by the binder) is hard but easily cracked or chipped, and thus collapsed during transportation,
The handling was troublesome and complicated. Above all, in the conventional cultivation as described above, although the cultivation material itself is relatively inexpensive, a binder such as a hydrophilic urethane prepolymer is expensive, and as a result, it is still expensive as a whole.

[0005] In order to solve the conventional drawbacks as described above, the present applicant has already proposed a seedling culture medium using "rice husk" as a cultivation material (Japanese Patent Application No. 9-276059).
issue).

[0006] In the proposed medium for raising seedlings, since rice husk is used as a cultivation material, it is easy to handle without breaking or collapsing, and can be mass-produced at low cost.

[0007] When raising seedlings of crops such as paddy rice using the above-described seedling raising medium, the seedlings are raised daily by watering and temperature control. However, if so-called mold is generated, the seedlings are hindered. Preventive measures are needed.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is easy to handle without cracking or collapsing, and can be mass-produced at a low cost. It is an object of the present invention to provide a medium for seedling raising that is even more suitable for raising seedlings without inhibiting seedling raising.

[0009]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medium for raising seedlings, comprising the steps of separating and removing crushed rice mixed during rice hulling to form only husks; After the chaff crushing step of crushing the chaff group, and after the chaff crushing step, the stirring and mixing step of stirring and mixing the crushed chaff and other elements necessary for medium production, and the stirring After the mixing step, a compression molding step of compression-molding the chaff and the other elements mixed and stirred is performed.

In the medium for raising seedlings according to the first aspect, firstly, in the waste rice separation step, waste rice (germ and crushed grains) mixed during the hulling process is separated and removed to form only the rice hulls. Then
In the rice husk crushing process, the rice husk group is crushed,
In the stirring and mixing step, other elements necessary for the production of the culture medium are mixed with the crushed rice hulls by stirring. Thereafter, in a compression molding step, the mixture is compression-molded at a predetermined pressure to obtain a seedling culture medium.

Here, if a predetermined seed is raised using the seedling culture medium, as the seedling grows, its roots enter into the seedling culture medium and become entangled in a net-like form, and naturally become a solid mat. For this reason, flexibility and water retention can be secured,
Hard to break or chip and does not lose shape during transportation. In addition, even if watering is performed for raising seedlings, the shape does not collapse, and the handling becomes easy.

Further, in the medium for raising seedlings, since the crushed rice hulls are obtained by compression molding as described above, it is possible to prevent the seedlings from becoming irregular in length when raising the seedlings using the medium for raising seedlings. In addition, poor root growth of the seedlings due to too many voids in the seedling culture medium is prevented.

[0013] In particular, in the medium for raising seedlings according to the first aspect of the present invention, only the rice hulls obtained by separating and removing waste rice (germ and crushed grains) containing a large amount of starch that is mixed during the hulling process and causes mold generation are removed. Since the structure is applied, the generation of mold can be prevented. Therefore, seedling raising using the medium for seedling growth is not inhibited.

Furthermore, in the medium for raising seedlings, since it is obtained simply by compression-molding the crushed rice hulls, mass production is possible without requiring a long time for production.

Thus, in the medium for raising seedlings according to the first aspect, it is easy to handle without breaking or collapsing, and it is not only inexpensive and can be mass-produced, but also it is possible to prevent the occurrence of mold. It is even more suitable for raising seedlings.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a seedling culture medium comprising a rice husk obtained by separating and removing waste rice mixed during rice hulling, a core part, and a sheath part having a softening temperature lower than the core part. And the stir-mixing of the rice husk and the core-sheath type fiber, and heat-forming the stirred and mixed rice hull and the core-sheath type fiber at a temperature at which the sheath softens but the core does not soften. It is characterized by comprising.

The seedling culture medium according to the second aspect is obtained by stirring and mixing rice hulls from which scrap rice (germs and crushed granules) have been separated and removed with the core-sheath fiber, and further heat-press molding at a predetermined temperature.

In this seedling culture medium, the core-sheath fiber comprising the core and the sheath is stirred and mixed together with the rice hulls.
It becomes a complicated and fine mesh and entangles with the rice hulls and wraps the rice husks. In this state, the sheath is softened and welded to each other by heating and forming at a temperature at which the sheath softens but the core does not soften. Is done. Since the core is not softened, the molded product is formed as a sponge-like stiff, flexible and water-retaining soil.

Here, in the seedling culture medium, since the rice hull and the core-sheath type fiber are obtained by stirring and mixing and then simply heating and forming at a predetermined temperature, the production time (the rice hull as a cultivation base material and the binding material as a binder) is obtained. It does not require a long time to bond with the core-sheath fiber, and mass production becomes possible. In addition, the medium for raising seedlings,
Since the core-sheath type fibers are formed into a fine mesh and entangled with the rice hulls to be combined and configured like a so-called sponge, the fibers are rich in flexibility and water retention. For this reason, it is hard to crack or chip,
The shape does not collapse during transportation. In addition, even if watering is performed for raising seedlings, the shape does not collapse, and the handling becomes easy. Therefore, in actual use, for example, even when rice is planted by setting it on a seedling stand of an automatic rice transplanter, the finger portion of the device can properly grasp the seedling, and a smooth operation can be performed. Furthermore, in the medium for raising seedlings, the rice husk itself as a cultivation base material is extremely inexpensive (in other words, so-called industrial waste can be effectively used as a cultivation base material), and a core-sheath as a binding material. Since inexpensive mold fibers can be applied, the overall cost is significantly reduced.

In particular, in the medium for raising seedlings according to the second aspect, only the rice hulls obtained by separating and removing waste rice (germ and crushed grains) containing a large amount of starch that is mixed during the hulling process and causes mold generation are removed. Since the structure is applied, the generation of mold can be prevented. Therefore, seedling raising using the medium for seedling growth is not inhibited.

As described above, the medium for raising seedlings according to the second aspect is easy to handle without cracking or collapsing, and is not only inexpensive and can be mass-produced, but also prevents generation of mold. It is even more suitable for raising seedlings.

As the core-sheath type fiber, for example, a core-sheath type polyester (made by Unitika) can be used.
In this case, the sheath softens at 110 ° C. and the core
Softens at ° C. For this reason, if the rice husk and the core-sheath type polyester are stirred and mixed, and then heat-molded at 130 ° C to 200 ° C (preferably around 140 ° C), the seedling culture medium can be obtained. Further, as the core-sheath type fiber, for example, Bionole (manufactured by Showa High Polymer Co., Ltd.) can be used. In this case, the sheath softens at 90 ° C and the core softens at 115 ° C. For this reason, if the rice hulls and the bionoles are stirred and mixed and then heat-molded at 100 ° C., the seedling culture medium can be obtained.

Further, the mixing ratio of the rice husk and the core-sheath fiber is, for example, that the core-sheath fiber is 1 when the rice hull is 600 g.
The mixing ratio is preferably 5 g, but the mixing ratio can be changed as appropriate.

Furthermore, in order to heat-mold the chaff and the core-sheath fiber mixed and stirred, a pair of male and female molds are constituted by a heating element, and a predetermined shape (for example,
It may be press-formed into a 28 mm long, 58 cm wide, and 2 cm thick mat shape), or may be pre-pressed into a large mat shape and then cut into a predetermined shape (dimension). In this case, the degree of pressurization is preferably such that the thickness after pressurization becomes 2 cm when the thickness of the raw materials (rice hull and core-sheath fiber) mixed and stirred is 4 cm. In addition, using a press roller or the like, the raw material (rice hull and core-sheath type fiber) that has been agitated and mixed is continuously supplied and heated and pressed by a press roller or the like to form continuously, then cut and completed. You may. In this case, the method of heating is
Heating and pressurization may be performed simultaneously using the press roller itself as a heat roller, or heating may be performed by feeding hot air.

In the medium for raising seedlings according to the first or second aspect, not only rice hulls obtained by separating and removing waste rice and crushed rice but also fertilizers for raising seedlings can be mixed with the crushed rice husks. Therefore, when the fertilizer for raising seedlings is mixed with the crushed rice hulls, it is not necessary to add another new fertilizer to the medium for raising seedlings when raising the seedlings. In addition, by appropriately changing the type and mixing ratio of the fertilizer for seedling raising according to the type of crop to be raised and weather (climate), etc., and preparing a plurality of different types of medium for raising seedling, the range of application can be greatly increased. Expands.

The above-mentioned fertilizers for raising seedlings and the like include fertilizers for medium-term growth (for example, trademark: Long M100), agents for propagating high-quality soil bacteria (for example, zeolite), and fertilizers for initial growth (for example, phosphorus-containing phosphorus ammonium). , A healthy seedling growing agent (for example, trademark:
FTE), a germination inhibitor removing agent (for example, citric acid) which is also used as a PH regulator.

Further, the mixing ratio of the crushed rice husk and the fertilizer for each seedling is, for example, when the husk is 600 g, the fertilizer for medium-term growth is 60 g, the agent for propagation of good-quality soil bacteria is 6 g, and the fertilizer for initial growth is 7 g. It is preferable that the healthy seedling growing agent is 0.36 g and the germination inhibitor removing agent is 1.2 g, but the mixing ratio can be appropriately changed.

As other additives, not only fertilizers for raising seedlings but also surfactants for improving water absorption may be mixed and stirred together with the crushed rice husks.

[0029]

FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of a seedling culture medium 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Also,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a use state of the seedling culture medium 10.

The seedling culture medium 10 includes rice hulls 12 as a cultivation base material, a core-sheath fiber 14 as a binding material, and a plurality of seedling fertilizers 16. For example, it is formed into a mat shape having a length of 28 cm, a width of 58 cm, and a thickness of 2 cm so as to enter the nursery box 40. Here, an example of the type and content of each constituent material of the seedling culture medium 10 will be described below.

Rice husk: 600 g Core-sheath type fiber (core-sheath type polyester: manufactured by Unitika): 15 g Medium-term growing fertilizer (trademark: Long M100): 60 g Good-quality soil fungus propagation agent (zeolite): 6 g Initial growing fertilizer (sulfide) Phosphorus): 7 g Healthy seedling raising agent (trade name: FTE): 0.36 g Germination inhibitor remover (citric acid): 1.2 g The core-sheath type polyester (made by Unitika) used as the core-sheath type fiber 14 is , A core 14A and a sheath 14B (schematically shown in FIG. 4). The sheath 14B softens at 110 ° C., and the core 14A softens at 250 ° C.
Further, as the core-sheath type fiber 14, for example, Bionole (manufactured by Showa High Polymer Co., Ltd.) can be used. In this case, the sheath 14B softens at 90 ° C. and the core 14A
Softens at 15 ° C.

The mixing ratio of the rice husk 12, the core-sheath type fiber 14, and the plurality of fertilizers 16 for raising seedlings can be appropriately changed. Also, as other additives, not only fertilizer for raising seedlings,
A surfactant for improving water absorption may be mixed and stirred together with the crushed rice hulls.

The procedure for producing the seedling culture medium 10 will now be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the crushed rice separation step 100, crushed rice mixed during the hulling process is separated and removed by using the crushed rice separation device 50 or the like to leave only the husks 12. Next, in the rice husk crushing step 102, the rice husk crusher 52
The rice husk 12 is pulverized by using the method described above.

Further, in the stirring and mixing step 104, the rice husk 12, the core-sheath type fiber 14, and the fertilizer 16 for each seedling are stirred and mixed by using the stirring and mixing device 54 or the like. As the rice husk 12, it is preferable to use so-called softened and crushed rice hulls obtained by compression and crushing while adding a small amount of water. Core part 14A and sheath part 1
The core-sheath fiber 14 made of 4B is mixed and stirred with the rice husk 12 and the fertilizer 16 for each seedling to form a complicated and fine mesh and entangled with the rice husk 12 and the fertilizer 16 for each seedling. Wrap fertilizer 16.

Thereafter, in the compression molding step 106, the chaff 12, the core-sheath type fiber 14, and the fertilizer 16 for seedling raising, which have been stirred and mixed, are mixed by using the compression molding device 56 or the like. Is softened, but the core portion 14A is heat-molded at a temperature that does not soften. In this case, for example, when a core-sheath type polyester (made by Unitika) is used as the core-sheath type fiber 14, the sheath portion 14B softens at 110 ° C.
Since A softens at 250 ° C, the rice husk 12 and the core-sheath type polyester are stirred and mixed, and then heat-molded at 130 ° C to 200 ° C (preferably around 140 ° C). On the other hand, for example, when bionole (manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is used as the core-sheath fiber 14, the sheath 14B softens at 90 ° C. and the core 14A softens at 115 ° C. The bionole is heated and molded at 100 ° C. after stirring and mixing.

Further, in this case, when heat-forming the stirred and mixed rice hull 12, the core-sheath type fiber 14, and the fertilizer 16 for raising seedlings, a press roller is used to continuously supply the mixed and stirred raw materials using a press roller. The material is continuously formed by heating and pressurizing, and then cut into predetermined dimensions by a cutter to complete it. Further, in this case, as a heating method, heating and pressurization may be performed simultaneously using the press roller itself as a heat roller, or heating may be performed by supplying hot air from a blower port.

Thus, the sheath 14B of the core-sheath type fiber 14 is formed.
Are softened and welded together to form a net-like shape and entangled with the rice hulls 12 and joined. Here, FIG. 4 shows the state of the core-sheath fiber 14 after the heat molding as described above.
Partially simplified and schematically shown. As shown in FIG. 4, the sheath 14B is softened and welded, so that the non-softened cores 14A are intertwined with each other in a mesh form, and surround the rice hull 12 and the fertilizer 16 for raising seedlings. Thereby, the medium 10 for raising seedlings having flexibility and water retention like a so-called sponge is obtained.

In the heat molding, a pair of female and male molding dies may be formed by the heating element, and the female and male molding dies may be press-molded into a predetermined shape. . Further, after the raw materials mixed and stirred by a large-sized female mold and a male mold are press-molded into a large mat shape in advance, a predetermined shape (dimension) is obtained.
May be cut.

When using the seedling culture medium 10 obtained as described above, as shown in FIG. 3, the seedling culture medium 10 is laid in a seedling box 40, irrigated, and seeded with seedlings 42 of crops such as paddy rice. After the soil is further covered with the soil 44, seedlings are grown daily by watering and temperature control.

In raising seedlings using the medium 10 for raising seedlings, for example, when a core-sheath type polyester (manufactured by Unitika) is used as the core-sheath type fiber 14, the core-sheath type polyester is hydrolyzed and Decomposes in the field, while
For example, when a bionole (manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is used as the core-sheath fiber 14, the bionole biodegrades and decomposes in a field for a long period of time. Therefore, there is no adverse effect on others.

Here, in the seedling-growing medium 10 having the above structure,
Since the rice husk 12, the core-sheath fiber 14 and the fertilizer 16 for seedling raising are obtained by simply stirring and heating at a predetermined temperature, the production time (the rice husk 12 as a cultivation base material and the core-sheath fiber as a binder) 14 does not require a long time, and mass production becomes possible.

The seedling culture medium 10 is composed of a core-sheath type fiber 14.
Are finely meshed and intertwined with the rice hulls 12 and joined together,
Since it is configured like a so-called sponge, it is rich in flexibility and water retention. In addition, as the seedlings grow, their roots enter the seedling culture medium 10 and become entangled in a net-like manner, thereby naturally forming a solid mat. For this reason,
Flexibility and water retention can be ensured, hardly cracked or chipped, and the shape does not collapse during transportation. In addition, even if watering is performed for raising seedlings, the shape does not collapse, and the handling becomes easy.
Therefore, in actual use, for example, even when rice is planted by setting it on a seedling stand of an automatic rice transplanter, the finger portion of the device can properly grasp the seedling, and a smooth operation can be performed.

In particular, in the seedling raising medium 10, the rice hull 1 from which the scraped rice (germ and crushed grains) containing a large amount of starchy substances which are mixed during the hulling process and cause mold generation is separated and removed.
Since only two are applied, generation of mold can be prevented. Therefore, the seedling raising of the seedlings 42 using the seedling culture medium 10 is not hindered and is more preferable.

Furthermore, in the medium 10 for raising seedlings, the rice hulls 12 themselves as a base material for cultivation are extremely inexpensive (further speaking,
Rice husks 12 as so-called industrial waste can be effectively used as a base material for cultivation), and inexpensive core-sheath fibers 14 can be used as a binder, so that the overall cost is significantly lower. become.

Further, since the seedling culture medium 10 is obtained by compression-molding the crushed rice hulls 12 as described above, the seedlings may become irregular in length when the seedlings are grown using the seedling culture medium 10. In addition, poor growth of the roots of the seedlings due to too many voids in the seedling culture medium 10 is prevented.

Furthermore, since the seedling culture medium 10 includes the seedling fertilizer 16, it is not necessary to add another new fertilizer when raising seedlings. In addition, if the types and mixing ratios of the above-described fertilizers 16 for each seedling are appropriately changed according to the type of the crop to be raised and the weather (climate), etc., and a plurality of different seedling culture media 10 are prepared, the The range of application expands.

As described above, the seedling culture medium 10 according to the present embodiment is easy to handle without cracking or collapsing, can be inexpensive and can be mass-produced, and prevents the occurrence of mold. And it is even more suitable for raising seedlings.

[0049]

As described above, the medium for raising seedlings according to the present invention is inexpensive and suitable for mass production, and is not only easy to handle without cracking or collapsing but also prevents the generation of mold. It has an excellent effect that it is made and does not hinder the raising of seedlings and is even more suitable for raising seedlings.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process chart showing a procedure for producing a seedling culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of a seedling culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a use state of a seedling culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially simplified schematic diagram showing a state of a core-sheath fiber after heat molding in a seedling culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Nursery culture medium 12 Rice husk 14 Core-sheath type fiber 14A Core part 14B Sheath part 16 Fertilizer for seedling raising

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A waste rice separation step of separating and removing waste rice mixed during hulling processing to make only a rice husk group, a rice hull crushing step of crushing the rice hull group after the waste rice separation step, and the rice husk Agitating and mixing the crushed rice hulls and other elements necessary for the production of a medium after the crushing step, and mixing and mixing the husks and other elements that have been agitated and mixed after the agitating and mixing step. A seedling culture medium produced through a compression molding step of compression molding. 2. A rice husk, comprising a rice hull from which waste rice mixed during rice hulling is separated and removed, and a core-sheath fiber comprising a core and a sheath having a softening temperature lower than the core, A seedling culture medium formed by stirring and mixing the core-sheath type fiber and the stirred and mixed rice hull and core-sheath type fiber at a temperature at which the sheath part is softened but the core part is not softened.