JPH11113388A - Medium for raising of seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inexpensively obtain a medium for raising of seedlings suitable for mass production and readily handleable without causing cracking or collapsing and instantaneously usable. SOLUTION: This medium 10 for raising of seedlings contains rice hull, core-sheath type fibers and a fertilizer for raising of seedlings. The medium 10 for raising of seedlings having flexibility and water holding property in which the core-sheath type fibers are bonded in wrapping each of the constituting materials (raw materials) by making a net-like structure, by stirring and mixing each of the constituting materials and heat-molding at a temperature softening the sheath part of the core-sheath type fibers and not softening the core part. A water content of the medium 10 for raising of seedlings is made to be 15-18% and the medium 10 is packaged with a water-sealable sheet material 38. Each of the raw materials itself of the medium 10 for raising of seedlings is inexpensive and can be obtained by merely heat-molding, therefore the medium 10 can be inexpensively mass produced. Furthermore, in the use, water immediately penetrates into the medium 10 after irrigated and the medium 10 can instantaneously be used and does not cause cracking or collapsing after the irrigation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil for raising seedlings used for raising seedlings of crops such as paddy rice.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years,
The seedlings of crops such as paddy rice are raised in a nursery, and soil cultivation is generally used as the bed soil of the nursery. However, in such soil cultivation, high-quality (homogeneous) floor soil is relatively expensive and difficult to obtain, or heavy and poor in transportability. Therefore, floor soil (cultivation soil) replacing such soil cultivation has been proposed (as an example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-18165).

[0003] The cultivated soil disclosed in the above publication is composed of a cultivated vegetative soil material (such as bark compost obtained by composting bark, pulp chips, sawdust, etc.) using a hydrophilic urethane prepolymer as a binder and drying. It has become. In addition,
As the binder, polyvinyl alcohol or starch may be used. This kind of soil can effectively utilize so-called industrial waste such as bark and pulp chips as a soil cultivation material, and this plant cultivation material is also relatively inexpensive.

[0004] However, the conventional cultivation as described above,
There were still the following disadvantages. That is, it takes a long time (for example, 1 hour) for bonding of the soil material (consolidation and drying using a binder).
(Approximately 3 hours), mass production was difficult, and the cost was high. In addition, the completed soil (that is, the soil hardened and dried by the binder) is hard but easily cracked or chipped, and thus collapsed during transportation,
The handling was troublesome and complicated.

[0005] On the other hand, this kind of cultivated soil is manufactured at a factory and then shipped and used at a nursery center or each farmhouse. In actual use, when this cultivated soil is irrigated for seedling raising, it is immediately used. It is desirable that the water soaks and this soil can be used immediately. In this regard, the conventional soil has water repellency and does not readily infiltrate even when irrigated, and until the water is infiltrated to such an extent that seedlings of crops such as paddy rice can be sown (this soil can be used substantially). State)
There was a drawback that this soil was not able to be used immediately, taking several tens of hours to several days.

Further, in the conventional cultivation method, when watering for raising seedlings, the shape is more likely to collapse than before watering. For this reason, for example, even if an attempt is made to set rice on a seedling stand of an automatic rice transplanter and to carry out rice transplanting, the finger portion of the device may not be able to properly grasp the seedling, and smooth work may be difficult.

[0007] Above all, in the conventional cultivation as described above,
Although the soil cultivation material itself was relatively inexpensive, a binder such as a hydrophilic urethane prepolymer was expensive, and as a result, it was still expensive as a whole.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is inexpensive and suitable for mass production. Further, it is easy to handle without breaking or collapsing and can be used immediately. The purpose is to provide cultivated soil.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a culture for raising seedlings, comprising rice husks, and a core-sheath fiber comprising a core and a sheath having a lower softening temperature than the core. The rice husk and the core-sheath fiber are stirred and mixed, and the stirred and mixed rice hull and the core-sheath fiber are heated and molded at a temperature at which the sheath softens but the core does not soften. The moisture content after the heat molding is 15 to 18%, and the package is packed with a water-tight sheet material.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the core-sheath fiber composed of the core and the sheath is stirred and mixed with the rice hull to form a complicated and fine mesh and entangled with the rice hull.
Wrap the chaff. In this state, the sheath is softened and welded to each other by heating and forming at a temperature at which the sheath softens but the core does not soften. Is done. Since the core is not softened, the molded product is formed as a sponge-like stiff, flexible and water-retaining soil.

Further, after the heat molding, the moisture content is in a state of 15 to 18%, and it is packed in a water-tight sheet material, completed as seedling raising soil, and shipped as appropriate.

[0012] Here, in the cultivation for seedling raising, since the husk and the core-sheath fiber are obtained by stirring and mixing and then simply heating and forming at a predetermined temperature, the production time (the hull as a cultivation base material and the binder as a binder) is obtained. It does not require a long time to bond with the core-sheath fiber, and mass production becomes possible. In addition, the seedling cultivation soil
Since the core-sheath type fibers are formed into a fine mesh and entangled with the rice hulls to be combined and configured like a so-called sponge, the fibers are rich in flexibility and water retention. For this reason, it is hard to crack or chip,
The shape does not collapse during transportation.

In the cultivation for raising seedlings, the rice husk itself as a cultivation base material is extremely inexpensive (in other words, so-called industrial waste can be effectively used as a cultivation base material) and used as a binder. Since inexpensive core-sheath fibers can be used, the overall cost is significantly reduced.

Furthermore, since the seedling cultivation soil has a water content of 15 to 18% and is packed with a water-tight sheet material, only the packing with the sheet material is released in actual use. Can be used immediately. further,
Even if the seedling cultivation soil (molded product) immediately after heat molding has water repellency, the completed seedling cultivation soil has a water content of 15 to 18% as described above. Has been removed. Therefore, when water is used at the time of use, the water immediately permeates and the soil for raising seedlings can be used immediately.

Further, since the seedling cultivation soil is configured like a sponge as described above and has high flexibility and water retention, it does not lose its shape even when irrigated for seedling raising.
Its handling is also easy. Therefore, in actual use, for example, even when rice is planted by setting it on a seedling stand of an automatic rice transplanter, the finger portion of the device can properly grasp the seedling, and a smooth operation can be performed.

As described above, the seedling cultivation medium according to the first aspect is inexpensive and suitable for mass production, is easy to handle without breaking or collapsing, and can be used immediately.

As the core-sheath type fiber, for example, a core-sheath type polyester (manufactured by Unitika) can be used.
In this case, the sheath softens at 110 ° C. and the core
Softens at ° C. For this reason, if the rice hull and the core-sheath type polyester are stirred and mixed and then heat-molded at 130 ° C to 200 ° C (preferably around 140 ° C), the cultivated soil for seedling raising can be obtained. Further, as the core-sheath type fiber, for example, Bionole (manufactured by Showa High Polymer Co., Ltd.) can be used. In this case, the sheath softens at 90 ° C and the core softens at 115 ° C. For this reason, if the rice hulls and the bionole are stirred and mixed and then heated and formed at 100 ° C., the cultivation soil for seedling raising can be obtained.

It is preferable to use so-called softened and crushed rice hulls obtained by compressing and crushing rice husks while adding a small amount of water.

Further, the mixing ratio of the rice husk and the core-sheath fiber is, for example, that the core-sheath fiber is 1 when the rice hull is 600 g.
The mixing ratio is preferably 5 g, but the mixing ratio can be changed as appropriate.

Further, in order to heat-mold the chaff and the core-sheath fiber mixed and mixed, the heating elements constitute a pair of male and female molding dies, and the molding dies form a predetermined shape (for example,
It may be press-formed into a 28 mm long, 58 cm wide, and 2 cm thick mat shape), or may be pre-pressed into a large mat shape and then cut into a predetermined shape (dimension). In this case, the degree of pressurization is preferably such that the thickness after pressurization becomes 2 cm when the thickness of the raw materials (rice hull and core-sheath fiber) mixed and stirred is 4 cm. In addition, using a press roller, etc., the raw material (rice hull and core-sheath type fiber) that has been stirred and mixed is continuously supplied and heated and pressed by a press roller or the like, continuously formed, and then cut and completed. You may. In this case, the method of heating is
Heating and pressurization may be performed simultaneously using the press roller itself as a heat roller, or heating may be performed by feeding hot air.

In the seedling cultivation constructed as described above, the seedling fertilizer may be stirred and mixed together with the rice husk and the core-sheath fiber, and then heat-molded at the predetermined temperature.

[0022] In this case, the fertilizer for raising seedlings is wrapped together by the core-sheath type fibers intertwined with the rice hulls, and is integrally formed.

Therefore, when raising seedlings, it is not necessary to add another new fertilizer to the soil for raising seedlings. In addition, if the type and mixing ratio of this fertilizer for seedling raising are appropriately changed according to the type of crop to be raised and the weather (climate), etc., and a plurality of different types of soil for raising seedlings are prepared, the range of application is greatly increased. Expands.

As fertilizers for raising seedlings, fertilizers for medium-term growth (for example, trade name: Long M100), agents for propagation of high-quality soil bacteria (for example, zeolite), fertilizers for initial growth (for example, phosphorous sulfide), healthy seedlings Growth agents (for example, trademark: FT
E), a germination inhibitor remover (for example, citric acid), and the like.

Further, the mixing ratio of the rice husk, the core-sheath type fiber, and the fertilizer for each seedling is, for example, when the rice husk is 600 g, the core-sheath type fiber is 15 g, the medium-term growing fertilizer is 60 g,
6 g of good soil fungus propagation agent, 7 g of fertilizer for initial growth, 0.36 g of healthy seedling growth agent, 1.2 g of germination inhibitor remover
However, the mixing ratio can be appropriately changed.

On the other hand, the seedling cultivation soil according to the second aspect of the present invention is the method according to the first aspect, wherein water to which alcohol is added in an amount of 5 to 10% is applied to the heat-molded seedling cultivation soil. In this case, the state of the water content is obtained.

In the cultivation medium for seedlings according to the second aspect of the present invention, the predetermined moisture content is easily reached by applying water containing 5 to 10% of alcohol to the cultivation medium for raising seedlings after heat molding. Water permeability is further improved. Therefore, the working time at the time of manufacturing and shipping or the watering time at the time of actual use can be further reduced.

As a method of applying the water, there are various means such as spraying water, irrigating water, immersing in water, etc., and any method may be used.

[0029]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a cultivated soil package K to which a cultivation medium for seedling 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. An external perspective view of a single unit is shown. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a state of use of the seedling raising soil 10.

The seedling cultivation soil 10 is composed of rice hull 12 as a soil cultivation base material, a core-sheath fiber 14 as a binding material, and a plurality of seedling raising fertilizers 16. For example, it is formed into a mat shape having a length of 28 cm, a width of 58 cm, and a thickness of 2 cm so as to enter the nursery box 40. Here, an example of the type and content of each constituent material of the seedling cultivation soil 10 will be described below.

Rice husk: 600 g Core-sheath type fiber (core-sheath type polyester: manufactured by Unitika): 15 g Medium-term growing fertilizer (trademark: Long M100): 60 g Good-quality soil fungus propagation agent (zeolite): 6 g Initial growing fertilizer (sulfide) Phosphorus): 7 g Healthy seedling raising agent (trade name: FTE): 0.36 g Germination inhibitor remover (citric acid): 1.2 g The core-sheath type polyester (made by Unitika) used as the core-sheath type fiber 14 is , A core 14A and a sheath 14B (schematically shown in FIG. 4). The sheath 14B softens at 110 ° C., and the core 14A softens at 250 ° C.
Further, as the core-sheath type fiber 14, for example, Bionole (manufactured by Showa High Polymer Co., Ltd.) can be used. In this case, the sheath 14B softens at 90 ° C. and the core 14A
Softens at 15 ° C.

The mixing ratio of the rice husk 12, the core-sheath type fiber 14, and the plurality of fertilizers 16 for raising seedlings can be appropriately changed.

Here, a procedure for producing the seedling raising soil 10 will be described. First, the rice husk 12, the core-sheath type fiber 14, and the fertilizer 16 for each seedling are stirred and mixed. As the rice husk 12, it is preferable to use so-called softened and crushed rice hulls obtained by compression and crushing while adding a small amount of water. The core-sheath fiber 14 composed of the core portion 14A and the sheath portion 14B is mixed and stirred with the rice husk 12 and the fertilizer 16 for each seedling to form a complicated and fine net-like shape, and is entangled with the rice hull 12 and the fertilizer 16 for each seedling, The rice husk 12 and the fertilizer 16 for each seedling are wrapped.

Next, the stirred and mixed rice husk 12, core-sheath type fiber 14, and fertilizer 16 are heat-formed at a temperature at which the sheath portion 14B of the core-sheath type fiber 14 is softened but the core portion 14A is not softened. In this case, for example, when a core-sheath type polyester (made by Unitika) is used as the core-sheath type fiber 14,
Since the sheath portion 14B softens at 110 ° C. and the core portion 14A softens at 250 ° C., the rice husk 12 and the core-sheath type polyester are stirred and mixed at 130 ° C. to 200 ° C. (preferably 14 ° C.).
(About 0 ° C). On the other hand, for example, when a bionore (manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is used as the core-sheath type fiber 14, the sheath portion 14B is softened at 90 ° C. and the core portion 14A is 1%.
In order to soften at 15 ° C., the rice husk 12 and the bionole are mixed under stirring and then heat-molded at 100 ° C.

In this case, when the rice hull 12, the core-sheath fiber 14 and the fertilizer 16 for seedling raising mixed and stirred are heated and molded, as shown in FIG. 5, a pair of female molding dies 20 and male molding dies 22 are formed by a heating element. The female mold 20 and the male mold 22 form a predetermined shape (for example, a vertical dimension of 2).
It is press-molded to a size of 8 cm, a width of 58 cm, and a thickness of 2 cm. In this case, as for the degree of pressurization, as shown in FIG.
2 and the thickness of the core-sheath fiber 14 and the fertilizer 16) for raising seedlings are 4c.
When the thickness is m, the thickness after pressing is preferably about 2 cm as shown in FIG.

Thus, the sheath portion 14B of the core-sheath type fiber 14 is formed.
Are softened and welded together to form a net-like shape and entangled with the rice hulls 12 and joined. Here, FIG. 4 shows the state of the core-sheath fiber 14 after the heat molding as described above.
Partially simplified and schematically shown. As shown in FIG. 4, the sheath 14B is softened and welded, so that the non-softened cores 14A are intertwined with each other in a mesh form, and surround the rice hull 12 and the fertilizer 16 for raising seedlings. Thus, the seedling cultivation soil 10 having flexibility and water retention like a so-called sponge can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 7, the raw material G mixed and stirred by the large female mold 24 and the male mold 26 is press-formed into a large mat shape in advance, and then heated and formed into a predetermined shape (size) as shown in FIG. ). As shown in FIG. 8, press rollers 28, 30,
While continuously supplying the raw material G that has been stirred and mixed, the material is heated and pressed by the press rollers 28, 30, and 32 to continuously form, and then cut to a predetermined size by a cutter 34 to complete it. Is also good. In this case, as a method of heating, heating and pressurization may be performed simultaneously using the press rollers 28, 30, and 32 themselves as heat rollers, or heating may be performed by sending hot air from the blower opening 36. Good.

Further, after the heat molding, the moisture content of the seedling cultivation soil 10 is in a state of 15 to 18%. In this case, by adding water containing 5 to 10% of alcohol to the seedling cultivation soil 10 after the above-mentioned heat molding, the water content is brought to a state of 15 to 18%. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of the seedling cultivation soil 10 (for example, 10 to 2
(0 sheets) are stacked and packed with the water-tight sheet material 38 to complete the cultivated soil package K.

In a state in which a plurality of the seedling cultivation soils 10 after the heat molding are stacked, water containing 5 to 10% of the alcohol may be applied to the seedlings, and then packed with the sheet material 38.

As a method of applying the water, there are various means such as spraying water, irrigating water, immersing in water, etc., and any method may be used.

When using the seedling cultivation soil 10 obtained as described above, as shown in FIG. 3, the seedling cultivation soil 10 is laid in a seedling raising box 40, irrigated, and seeded with a seedling 42 of a crop such as paddy rice. After the soil is further covered with the soil 44, seedlings are grown daily by watering and temperature control.

In raising seedlings using the seedling cultivation soil 10, for example, when a core-sheath type polyester (made by Unitika) is used as the core-sheath type fiber 14, the core-sheath type polyester is hydrolyzed and Decomposes in the field, while
For example, when a bionole (manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) is used as the core-sheath fiber 14, the bionole biodegrades and decomposes in a field for a long period of time. Therefore, there is no adverse effect on others.

Here, in the seedling cultivation soil 10 having the above-described structure,
Since the rice husk 12, the core-sheath fiber 14 and the fertilizer 16 for seedling raising are obtained by simply stirring and heating at a predetermined temperature, the production time (the rice husk 12 as a cultivation base material and the core-sheath fiber as a binder) 14 does not require a long time, and mass production becomes possible.

The seedling cultivation soil 10 is made of a core-sheath fiber 14.
Are finely meshed and intertwined with the rice hulls 12 and joined together,
Since it is configured like a so-called sponge, it is rich in flexibility and water retention. For this reason, it is hard to be broken or chipped and does not lose its shape during transportation.

Furthermore, in the cultivation medium 10 for raising seedlings, the rice husk 12 itself as a cultivation base material is extremely inexpensive (further speaking,
Rice husks 12 as so-called industrial waste can be effectively used as a base material for cultivation), and inexpensive core-sheath fibers 14 can be used as a binder, so that the overall cost is significantly lower. become.

Further, this kind of soil is produced after being manufactured at a factory and then shipped and used at a nursery center or each farmhouse. In actual use, when this soil is irrigated for seedling raising, it is immediately used. It is desirable that the water soaks and this soil can be used immediately. In this regard, the seedling cultivation soil 10 according to the present embodiment has a water content of 15 to 18% at the time of manufacture and shipment and is packed with a water-tight sheet material 38 to be cultivated soil packing body. Since it is configured as K, it can be used immediately by simply unpacking the sheet material 38 in actual use. Furthermore, even if the seedling cultivation soil (molded body) 10 immediately after heat molding has water repellency, as described above, the seedling cultivation soil 1 in a completed state is used.
0 has a water content of 15 to 18%, so that the water repellency is removed. Therefore, when irrigated at the time of use, water permeates immediately, and this seedling cultivation soil 10 can be used immediately.

The seedling cultivation soil 10 (cultured soil package K) is provided with water containing 5 to 10% of alcohol to the seedling cultivation soil (molded body) 10 after heat molding (spraying, watering, etc.).
Immersion) to obtain the state of the predetermined moisture content. Therefore, surface activity is generated in the seedling cultivation soil 10 to easily reach the state of the predetermined moisture content, and the permeability (infiltration) of water during irrigation is further improved. For this reason,
The working time at the time of manufacture and shipment or the watering time at the time of actual use can be further reduced.

Further, since the seedling cultivation soil 10 is constructed like a sponge and has a high flexibility and water retention as described above, it does not lose its shape even when irrigated for seedling raising, and its handling is easy. It will be easier. Therefore, in actual use, for example, even when rice is planted by setting it on a seedling stand of an automatic rice transplanter, the finger portion of the device can properly grasp the seedling, and a smooth operation can be performed.

Furthermore, since the seedling cultivation soil 10 includes the seedling raising fertilizer 16, there is no need to add another new fertilizer when raising seedlings. In addition, if the types and mixing ratios of the fertilizers 16 for seedling raising described above are appropriately changed according to the type of crop to be raised and the weather (climate), etc., and a plurality of different types of soil for seedling raising 10 are prepared, a great deal of The range of application expands.

As described above, the seedling cultivation soil 10 according to the present embodiment is inexpensive and suitable for mass production, is easy to handle without breaking or collapsing, and can be used immediately.

[0051]

As described above, the seedling cultivation soil according to the present invention is inexpensive and suitable for mass production, and is excellent in that it is easy to handle without breaking or collapsing and can be used immediately. have.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a cultivated soil package formed by applying cultivation soil for raising seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the seedling raising soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a use state of the seedling raising soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially simplified schematic diagram showing a state of a core-sheath fiber after heat molding in the seedling raising soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a step of heat-forming the seedling raising soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a step of heat-forming the seedling raising soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another example of the step of heat-forming the seedling raising soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing another example of the step of heat-forming the seedling raising soil according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 K cultivated soil package 10 cultivated soil for seedling raising 12 rice hull 14 core-sheath fiber 14A core 14B sheath 16 fertilizer for seedling 38 sheet material

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A rice husk, and a core-sheath fiber comprising a core part and a sheath part having a lower softening temperature than the core part, wherein the rice hull and the core-sheath fiber are mixed by stirring. The mixed rice husk and the core-sheath fiber are heated at a temperature at which the sheath is softened but the core is not softened, and the moisture content after the heat-forming is 15 to 18%. A soil for raising seedlings, characterized by being packed in a water-tight sheet material. 2. Water containing 5 to 10% of alcohol,
The cultivation soil for seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content is obtained by applying the moisture content to the cultivation soil for seedling raising after the heat molding.