JP2001504711A - Agricultural machine and its use - Google Patents

Agricultural machine and its use

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Publication number
JP2001504711A
JP2001504711A JP51419699A JP51419699A JP2001504711A JP 2001504711 A JP2001504711 A JP 2001504711A JP 51419699 A JP51419699 A JP 51419699A JP 51419699 A JP51419699 A JP 51419699A JP 2001504711 A JP2001504711 A JP 2001504711A
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Prior art keywords
agricultural machine
agricultural
machine according
mowing
ground
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Japanese (ja)
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デル レリイ、オラフ ヴァン
デル レリイ、アレクサンデル ヴァン
コールン、マルテン
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Maasland NV
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Maasland NV
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D67/00Undercarriages or frames specially adapted for harvesters or mowers; Mechanisms for adjusting the frame; Platforms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D43/00Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
    • A01D43/10Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for crushing or bruising the mown crop
    • A01D43/107Mounting means

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 本発明は、土壌状態を測定する手段及び/又は土壌状態及び/又は地面上の作物に起因する農業用機械の少なくとも一部分の動きを測定及び/又は予測する手段を有し、作物刈り取り用の一以上の刈り取り部材(1)が設けられた刈り取り具のような農業用機械に関する.また、本発明は、刈り取り具のような農業用機械の使用方法に関する. (57) The present invention comprises means for measuring soil conditions and / or for measuring and / or predicting movement of at least a portion of an agricultural machine due to soil conditions and / or crops on the ground. And an agricultural machine such as a mowing tool provided with one or more mowing members (1) for mowing crops. The invention also relates to a method of using an agricultural machine such as a mower.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 農業用機械およびその使用方法 本発明は、刈り取り具のような、作物刈り取り用の一以上の刈り取り部材が設 けられた農業用機械に関する.また、本発明は、刈り取り具のような農業用機械 の使用方法に関する. この種の公知の農業用機械は、可動性主フレームに吊され略水平方向にかつ進 行方向直角に延びた可撓支持ビームが設けられたいわゆる牽引刈り取り具で、そ の支持ビームには、横に並べられそれぞれの上向き軸を中心に反対方向に回転可 能な一列のナイフが配設されている.その支持ビームによって、上記一列のナイ フの重量の一部が地面に支えられるようになっている.刈り取り前に、支持ビー ムの地面押圧力を手動可変調節により所定の地面押圧力に設定できる.このよう に上記農業用機械は土壌状態に合わせて運転できる.手動可変調節はトラクタか らは操作できない. 本発明は、上記タイプの農業用機械を改良することを目的としている.この目 的を達成するために、本発明の農業用機械は、土壌状態を測定する手段及び/又 は土壌状態及び/又は地面上の作物に起因する農業用機械の少なくとも一部分の 動きを測定及び/又は予測する手段を備えている.これにより、作物の刈り取り 中に農業用機械を土壌状態の変化に対応させることが可能である.また、これに より、刈り取り作業が改善される.即ち、農業用機械をより速い速度で移動させ ることが可能であり、農業用機械が摩耗や損傷を受けにくく、尚且つ土壌や作物 に危害を与えにくい. 本発明は、ある土地区画内で場所によりことごとく土壌条件が異なるという状 態に基づいており、土地区画内の刈り取り前に農業用機械の例えば地面押圧力を 一度だけ初期設定する場合よりもはるかに良い結果が得られる. 柔らかい地面に於いては、支持ビームが地面に沈み、作物の根に危害を与える 恐れがあるため、例えば過度の地面押圧力は有効ではなく、一方、硬い地面に於 いては、例えば過小な地面押圧力により副フレームが弾み、その結果刈り取り作 業が不規則になる.また、凹凸の激しい地面に於いては、大きめの地面押圧力が 好ましい.本発明によれば、最小の地面押圧力且つ最小の跳ね上がりで作物の刈 り取りを行うために、刈り取り中に最適値の連続調節が可能である. また、本発明は、上記農業用機械が刈り取り中に受ける地面抵抗の測定に関し 、また、上記農業用機械が刈り取り具として設計されている場合には、例えばそ れにより刈り取り結果を改善するための、刈り取り部材の回転速度の刈り取り中 に於ける測定に関する. 以下に本発明の実施形態を添付図面を参照して更に詳細に説明する.図面中、 図1は、本発明の第一実施形態の平面図、 図2は、本発明に係る牽引刈り取り具の一部分の側面図、 図3は、図2に示された牽引刈り取り具の一部分の、一部内部を示した正面図 、および 図4は、本発明の第二実施形態の平面図である. 本実施形態の図において、対応する部分には同一参照番号が付されている. 図1は、牽引刈り取り具37および前部刈り取り具38が取り付けられたトラ クタ36を示す.以下、本発明は牽引刈り取り具に基づいて記述されているが、 本発明は、例えば前部刈り取り具にも適用できるものである. 図2は、刈り取り部材1および粉砕具2のロータを有する刈り取り−粉砕結合 具を示している.牽引刈り取り具をトラクタに接続する連結アーム3が部分的に 示されている.この農業用機械は、粉砕具を有しないものであっても良い. 互いに横に並べられ、略水平方向にかつ進行方向(矢印A)直角に延びた多数 の刈り取り部材1が示されており、刈り取り部材1には二つのナイフ4が設けら れている.並置された刈り取り部材1は、それぞれの上向き軸5を中心に毎回反 対方向に回転し、ナイフ4がそのすぐ隣りに置かれた刈り取り部材1の軌跡を辿 る.それぞれの軸5は、特に図2に示される如く、進行方向(矢印A)にやや前 向きに傾いている.農業用機械の両外側の刈り取り部材1には、刈り取り部材と 共に回転する作物案内部材6が設けられている. 特に図2に示される如く、刈り取り部材1は支持ビーム8上に配置され、農業 用機械の運転位置(図示状態)に於いては、地面に載せられ少なくとも略水平方 向にかつ進行方向(矢印A)直角に延びている.支持ビーム8には、前側が部分 的に丸められたガイドシュー10が各刈り取り部材1の下に設けられている.支 持ビーム8内部には、刈り取り部材1を回動させる駆動手段があり、該駆動手段 は、例えば、支持ビームを長手方向に貫通する駆動ロッド11(図3)を有する . 本実施形態において、駆動ロッド11は、各軸5と同軸で作物案内部材を貫通 している軸(図示せず)によってその両端近傍を駆動され、その軸(図示せず) は、支持ビーム8に少なくとも略平行に延び刈り取り部材のある程度上にあるフ レームビーム12を貫通する軸9によって駆動される.該軸9は、トラクタの動 力取り出し軸に接続される軸15によって駆動される.代案として、駆動ロッド 11はその一端のみが駆動されてもよい. 粉砕具2は、自軸廻りに回転自在で、支持ビーム8とフレームビーム12の間 にあり、これらビーム8、12に少なくとも略平行な円筒軸13を含んでおり、 円筒軸13には突出した粉砕ピン14が配設されている.円筒軸13はその一端 付近をギアボックス16内の伝動装置(図示せず)を経て軸9によって回動され る.該伝動装置は農業用機械の両側に配設されて、軸9および円筒軸13それぞ れに設けられた歯車に掛かるチェーンで構成されても良い.粉砕具は、円筒軸1 3に少なくとも略平行に延びたキャップ17によって部分的に覆われている. 農業用機械の片側に設けられた板部18によって支持ビーム8とフレームビー ム12が連結され、少なくとも堅固に形状が維持される副フレーム19が形成さ れる.この副フレーム19は、運搬フレーム20につながれている.運搬フレー ム20は、農業用機械の両側の車輪21によって地面から離れて移動でき、片側 がこれらの車輪21により且つその反対側がトラクタに連結された連結アーム3 により支持されている.運搬フレーム20は、少なくとも堅固にその形状が維持 され、フレームビーム12に少なくとも略平行に延びたフレームビーム22を含 んでいる.フレームビーム22には、連結アーム3が上向き軸23廻りに回動自 在に連結されている.農業用機械の両側には、フレームビーム22に固定され、 進行方向(矢印A)に斜め後方且つ下方に延びたフレームアーム24がそれぞれ 設けられている.フレームアーム24の他方の自由端には、アーム25、26の それぞれの一端がそれぞれ中心軸27、28廻りに回動自在に設けられている. 中心軸27、28は、それぞれ略水平且つフレームビーム22に平行に延びてい る.農業用機械の図示された運転位置に於いて、アーム25は略水平に延び、一 方その他端は中心軸27に少なくとも略平行に延びた中心軸29廻りに回動自在 に副フレーム19の板部18に接続され、副フレームが少なくとも実質的に高さ 調節可能である状態にする.アーム26は、その他端が車輪21のハブに係合し 、車軸30廻りに回動自在である.本実施形態に於いては油圧シリンダで構成さ れた調節要素31により、地面7に対するアーム26の位置が調節可能である. 油圧シリンダは、一端がアーム26に且つ他端がフレームアーム24に接続され ている.調節要素は、トラクタから操作出来るように設計しても良く、農業用機 械を図示された運転位置から移動位置にするために使用しても良い.移動位置に 於いては、例えば公道を移動する際に、支持ビーム8は地面7と十分な間隔を有 するように持ち上げられる. 副フレーム19と運搬フレーム20間の鉛直サポートは、調節可能に設計され ている.本実施形態においては、互いに離れて二つの可調連結部材32が配設さ れている.代案も可能であるが、本実施形態においては、各連結部材32は、フ レームビーム22に固定された例えば油圧シリンダのような調節要素33と、一 端が調節要素33に固定され他端がフレームビーム12に固定されたばね要素と から成っている.ばね要素は、螺旋ばね34によりこの状態に構成されている. ばね要素は、必要な変位内に於いてリニアなばね定数を有することが好ましい. 或いは、漸進的ばね定数でも良いかも知れない.螺旋ばねに替えて、空気ばねの ような別の種類のばねでも良い.簡易、頑丈であることから、螺旋ばねが好まし い. 調節要素33の延びを調節することにより、支持ビーム8上の副フレーム19 と運搬フレーム20の荷重配分を調節でき、支持ビームの地面7への押圧力を調 節できる.ばね要素により、支持ビームが地面7の凹凸に確実に追従できる.副 フレーム19が支持ビーム8を介して地面7に支えられている状態の押圧力が状 態変化に適合するように、調節要素の調節は、農業用機械の前進に合わせて自動 的に行われることが好ましい.そのために、本実施形態においては、感知器35 が副フレーム19、即ちフレームビーム12に付けられている.感知器35は記 録装置に属し、副フレーム19への地面圧力の調整の要否を決めるために、刈り 取り中の副フレーム19の振動を検知するために使われる.そのために、本実施 形態においては、感知器35は加速度計である.この加速度計は信号を計算装置 、或いはこの信号又はこの信号に基づいた或いは変換された信号を例えば参照値 と比較する評価装置に供給し、それと偏差のある場合には、同時に所定の敷居値 を監視しながら、地面押圧力を望ましいものにするために調節要素の制御装置を 作動させる.次に、例えば刈り取り過程に殆ど影響しない地面凹凸への追従に起 因するより遅い動きを捕えないために信号フィルタがあり、加速度計から出た信 号は例えばフィルタをかけられる.加速度計35に代え又はそれに加え、副フレ ーム19の跳ね上がりによって生じる副フレーム19の一部分の変形を検出する ストレインゲージを感知器として使用しても良い.或いは、加速度計の代案とし て、例えば音声記録マイクロフォンがある.音声記録マイクロフォンにより、過 大・過小地面押圧力に特有な識別可能音声パターンが記録可能である.更なる代 案としては、映像認識システム(例えばビデオカメラ)のような地面認識システ ムがある.これにより、土壌のタイプ(柔らかい、硬い、湿った、或いは乾いた )を判定し、それに基づいて刈り取り中に地面押圧力が適切に調節される. 感知器35は、副フレームにではなく、変化状態を予測するために例えば副フ レーム19よりも進行方向前側、例えば連結アーム3に取り付けても良い.副フ レーム19の前側は、地面に支えられた補助的要素として使用されても良く、補 助的要素の動きが計測され、それに基づいて副フレーム19の地面押圧力が適切 に調節される. 全自動システムに代えて或いは加えて、例えばトラクタの運転室に電子装置( 例えばキーボード)を配設しても良い.運転手は、地面状態の変化に気づいた時 或いは発信装置から関係する信号を受けた時、刈り取り中にこの電子装置に好適 地面押圧力を入力することができる.上記電子装置は、調節後地面押圧力或いは 調節後地面押圧力に対応する位置を表示する表示装置と組み合わせても良い.例 えば、自動・手動運転を組み合わせた状態に於いては、運転手は任意にそれらの 切換ができる. 刈り取り中に地面押圧力を調節するために、調節要素33に代えて調節要素3 1を使用しても良い.この状態に於いても、当然、ばね要素34はフレームビー ム22に直接に接続されている.調節要素は、例えば感知器35から出た信号を 基に制御装置によって作動させられる.調節要素33は、アーム25とフレーム アーム24の間に設けられても良い. 本発明を、刈り取り部材1に代えて、例えば刈り取り籠と支持ローラの手段に より少なくとも部分的に地面に支えられたいわゆる籠形刈り取り具に適用するこ とも可能である.本発明の農業用機械は、更に、刈り取り部材1の回転数用監視 装置を備えている.そのために、各ガイドシュー10にはナイフ4の通過を信号 化するダイオードのような感光性要素(図示せず)が設けられている.評価装置 において、上記通過数から上記回転数を計算することができる.この評価装置を 例えば表示又は警報装置に接続しても良い.上記回転数は、例えば、駆動軸9の 回転数又は作物案内部材6を貫通している駆動軸の回転数に基づいて計測しても 良い. 図4は、本発明の第二実施形態を示す.本図に示された刈り取り具39は、い わゆる引動刈り取り具である.図1〜図3に示された牽引刈り取り具との最も顕 著な相違は、連結構材44を介した、トラクタ36の三点構材42への刈り取り 具39の懸架機構である.刈り取り具39は、上向き中心軸40を有し、支持ア ーム41が中心軸40と刈り取り具39の間に延びている.中心軸40と間を置 いて、ふれ機構43が三点構材42と支持アーム41の間に延びている.上記ふ れ機構43は、公知のように、ばね作用によって摺動可能な二つの連結アームを 含み、その一方は支持アーム41に回動可能に接続され、他方は連結構材44に 接続されている.例えば刈り取り具が障害物に当たりふれ機構に過度なトルクが 掛かると、連結アームは互いに離れ、それにより刈り取り具が回動することがで きる.刈り取り具39(特にガイドシュー10;図2参照)と地面間の摩擦の増 加に伴って、ふれ機構43に及ぼされる力が増加し、それに変形を来す.この変 形或いは二つの連結アームの互いの動きは、安全装置の感知器(図示せず)によ って測定され、これが地面抵抗の測定値となる.過度な抵抗であれば、刈り取り 具39は中心軸40廻りに回動する.地面抵抗が大きすぎると判定された場合、 例えば地面押圧力を小さくする或いは運転速度を下げることにより、調節が成さ れる.図2において、ストレインゲージを連結構材44に取り付け、それにより 連結構材44における抵抗を測定することも可能である. 本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されるものではない.例えば、上記された一 方の実施形態の一つ或いはそれ以上の特徴と他方の実施形態の一つ或いはそれ以 上の特徴との組み合わせに基づく実施形態が有り得る.また、上記二つ以上の実 施形態から成る同様の組み合わせに基づく実施形態が有り得る.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION                       Agricultural machine and its use   The present invention provides that one or more mowing members, such as mowing tools, for crop mowing are provided. Related to agriculture machinery that has been shaken. The invention also relates to an agricultural machine such as a mowing tool. On how to use.   Known agricultural machines of this type are suspended in a movable main frame in a substantially horizontal and This is a so-called traction mower provided with a flexible support beam extending at right angles to the row direction. Support beams are arranged side-by-side and can be rotated in opposite directions about their respective upward axes A row of knives is installed. The support beam allows the row of nails A part of the weight of the head is supported by the ground. Before mowing, support bees The ground pressing force of the system can be set to a predetermined ground pressing force by manual variable adjustment. like this In addition, the above agricultural machines can be operated according to soil conditions. Is manual variable adjustment a tractor? Can not operate.   The present invention aims to improve agricultural machines of the above type. This eye To achieve the goal, the agricultural machine of the present invention comprises means for measuring soil conditions and / or At least a portion of the agricultural machinery due to soil conditions and / or crops on the ground It has means to measure and / or predict movement. This allows you to reap the crop It is possible to adapt agricultural machinery to changes in soil conditions. Also in this Thus, the reaping work is improved. That is, moving the agricultural machine at a faster speed Farming machines are less susceptible to wear and damage, and Less harmful.   The present invention addresses the situation where soil conditions vary from place to place within a parcel of land. Before mowing in a parcel, the ground pressure of the agricultural machine You get much better results than if you only initialized once.   On soft ground, support beams sink into the ground, harming crop roots For example, excessive ground pressure may not be effective, while on hard ground In other words, for example, the sub-frame bounces due to too little ground pressure, and as a result The work becomes irregular. Also, on a rough ground, a large ground pressure preferable. According to the present invention, crop cutting is performed with minimum ground pressing force and minimum jumping. In order to perform harvesting, it is possible to continuously adjust the optimum value during mowing.   The invention also relates to the measurement of the ground resistance experienced by the agricultural machine during mowing. If the agricultural machine is designed as a mowing tool, for example, The cutting speed of the mowing members is being cut to improve the cutting result Regarding the measurement in.   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing,   FIG. 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of the present invention,   FIG. 2 is a side view of a part of the towing reaper according to the present invention;   FIG. 3 is a front view showing a part of the inside of the part of the towing reaper shown in FIG. 2; ,and   FIG. 4 is a plan view of the second embodiment of the present invention.   In the drawings of the present embodiment, corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.   FIG. 1 shows a truss to which a towing reaper 37 and a front reaper 38 are attached. The kuta 36 is shown. Hereinafter, although the present invention is described based on a tow mower, The present invention can be applied to, for example, a front mower.   FIG. 2 shows a mowing-crushing combination with the mowing member 1 and the rotor of the grinding tool 2. The tool is shown. The connecting arm 3 connecting the tow reaper to the tractor is partially It is shown. This agricultural machine may not have a crusher.   Many that are arranged side by side and extend substantially horizontally and at right angles to the traveling direction (arrow A) The cutting member 1 is shown, which has two knives 4. Have been The reaping members 1 arranged side by side are always turned around the respective upward shafts 5. The knife 4 rotates in the opposite direction, and the knife 4 follows the trajectory of the cutting member 1 placed immediately adjacent thereto. It is. Each axis 5 is slightly forward in the direction of travel (arrow A), especially as shown in FIG. Leaning in the direction. The cutting members 1 on both outer sides of the agricultural machine include a cutting member and A crop guide member 6 which rotates together is provided.   As shown in particular in FIG. 2, the mowing member 1 is arranged on a support beam 8 and When the machine is in the operating position (illustrated state), it is placed on the ground and Direction (arrow A) at right angles. The front side of the support beam 8 is partially A substantially rounded guide shoe 10 is provided below each cutting member 1. Branch Inside the holding beam 8, there is a driving means for rotating the cutting member 1, and the driving means Has, for example, a drive rod 11 (FIG. 3) penetrating the support beam in the longitudinal direction. .   In this embodiment, the drive rod 11 penetrates the crop guide member coaxially with each axis 5. The shaft (not shown) is driven in the vicinity of both ends thereof, and the shaft (not shown) Extends at least approximately parallel to the support beam 8 and is somewhat above the mowing member. It is driven by a shaft 9 passing through the beam 12. The shaft 9 is used to move the tractor. It is driven by a shaft 15 connected to a force extraction shaft. Alternatively, the drive rod 11 may be driven at one end only.   The crusher 2 is rotatable about its own axis, and is between the support beam 8 and the frame beam 12. And includes a cylindrical axis 13 at least approximately parallel to these beams 8,12; A protruding grinding pin 14 is disposed on the cylindrical shaft 13. One end of the cylindrical shaft 13 The vicinity is rotated by a shaft 9 via a transmission (not shown) in a gear box 16. It is. The transmissions are arranged on both sides of the agricultural machine, each of shaft 9 and cylindrical shaft 13. It may be composed of a chain that hangs on the gears provided on it. The crusher is a cylindrical shaft 1 3 is partially covered by a cap 17 extending at least substantially parallel to the cap 3.   The support beam 8 and the frame beam are provided by a plate 18 provided on one side of the agricultural machine. Are connected to form a sub-frame 19 at least rigidly maintained in shape. It is. This sub-frame 19 is connected to a transport frame 20. Transport frame The vehicle 20 can be moved off the ground by wheels 21 on both sides of the agricultural machine, A connecting arm 3 connected by these wheels 21 and on the opposite side to a tractor Supported by. The transport frame 20 maintains its shape at least firmly And includes a frame beam 22 extending at least substantially parallel to the frame beam 12. It is. The connection arm 3 is pivoted about the upward shaft 23 by the frame beam 22. Connected to On both sides of the agricultural machine are fixed to the frame beam 22, Frame arms 24 extending obliquely backward and downward in the traveling direction (arrow A) It is provided. At the other free end of the frame arm 24, the arms 25 and 26 One end of each is rotatably provided around a central shaft 27, 28, respectively. The central axes 27, 28 extend substantially horizontally and parallel to the frame beam 22, respectively. It is. In the illustrated operating position of the agricultural machine, the arm 25 extends substantially horizontally and The other end is rotatable around a central axis 29 extending at least substantially parallel to the central axis 27. Is connected to the plate portion 18 of the sub-frame 19, and the sub-frame is at least substantially Make it adjustable. The arm 26 has the other end engaged with the hub of the wheel 21. , And can freely rotate around the axle 30. In the present embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder is used. The position of the arm 26 with respect to the ground 7 can be adjusted by means of the adjusted adjusting element 31. The hydraulic cylinder has one end connected to the arm 26 and the other end connected to the frame arm 24. ing. The adjustment element may be designed to be operated from the tractor, The machine may be used to move the machine from the illustrated operating position to a moving position. In the movement position For example, when traveling on a public road, the support beam 8 has a sufficient distance from the ground 7. Lifted to   The vertical support between the sub-frame 19 and the transport frame 20 is designed to be adjustable ing. In the present embodiment, two adjustable connecting members 32 are provided apart from each other. Have been Although alternatives are possible, in this embodiment, each connecting member 32 is An adjusting element 33, such as a hydraulic cylinder, fixed to the beam 22; A spring element having one end fixed to the adjustment element 33 and the other end fixed to the frame beam 12; Consists of The spring element is configured in this state by a helical spring 34. The spring element preferably has a linear spring constant within the required displacement. Alternatively, a gradual spring constant may be fine. Instead of a helical spring, an air spring Another kind of spring may be used. Spiral springs are preferred because they are simple and sturdy Yes.   By adjusting the extension of the adjusting element 33, the sub-frame 19 on the support beam 8 can be adjusted. And the load distribution of the transport frame 20 can be adjusted, and the pressing force of the support beam against the ground 7 can be adjusted. Can be clause. The spring element ensures that the support beam follows the irregularities of the ground 7. Vice The pressing force when the frame 19 is supported on the ground 7 via the support beam 8 is Adjustment of the adjusting element is automatic as the agricultural machine advances, to adapt to changing conditions. It is preferred that this be done in a targeted manner. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the sensor 35 Are attached to the sub-frame 19, that is, the frame beam 12. The sensor 35 is Belongs to the recording device, and to determine whether adjustment of the ground pressure to the sub-frame 19 is necessary, Used to detect the vibration of the sub-frame 19 being taken. Therefore, this implementation In the form, sensor 35 is an accelerometer. This accelerometer calculates the signal Or this signal or a signal based on or converted to this signal, for example a reference value To the evaluation device to be compared with, if there is a deviation, at the same time the predetermined threshold value Control of the adjustment element to achieve the desired ground pressure while monitoring Activate. Next, for example, following the ground unevenness that has little effect on the mowing process There is a signal filter to catch slower movements that cause The signal can be filtered, for example. Instead of or in addition to accelerometer 35, The deformation of a part of the sub-frame 19 caused by the jumping of the frame 19 is detected. A strain gauge may be used as the sensor. Or as an alternative to accelerometer For example, there is a voice recording microphone. Audio recording microphone The discriminable voice pattern peculiar to the large and small ground pressing force can be recorded. Further generation A good idea is to use a ground recognition system such as a video recognition system (eg a video camera). There is a system. This allows the type of soil (soft, hard, wet or dry) ), And the ground pressure is adjusted appropriately during mowing.   The sensor 35 is used not for the sub-frame but for e.g. It may be attached to the front side of the frame 19 in the traveling direction, for example, to the connecting arm 3. Vice The front side of the frame 19 may be used as an auxiliary element supported on the ground, The movement of the auxiliary element is measured, and based on that, the ground pressure of the sub-frame 19 is appropriate. Is adjusted to.   Instead of or in addition to a fully automatic system, for example, electronic equipment ( For example, a keyboard may be provided. When the driver notices a change in ground conditions Or, suitable for this electronic device during mowing when it receives relevant signals from the transmitter You can enter the ground pressure. The electronic device may be configured to adjust the ground pressure or It may be combined with a display device that displays the position corresponding to the ground pressing force after adjustment. An example For example, when automatic and manual driving are combined, the driver can arbitrarily Can be switched.   In order to adjust the ground pressure during mowing, instead of the adjusting element 33, an adjusting element 3 is used. 1 may be used. In this state, the spring element 34 is Connected directly to the system 22. The control element may, for example, output the signal from the sensor 35. It is actuated by the control device based on it. The adjusting element 33 includes an arm 25 and a frame. It may be provided between the arms 24.   The present invention is applied to, for example, a cutting basket and a support roller instead of the cutting member 1. Applies to so-called basket-shaped reapers more at least partially supported by the ground Both are possible. The agricultural machine according to the present invention further includes a monitor for the rotation speed of the cutting member 1. Equipment is provided. For this purpose, each guide shoe 10 is signaled that the knife 4 has passed. A light-sensitive element (not shown), such as a diode, is provided. Evaluation device In, the rotation speed can be calculated from the passage number. This evaluation device For example, it may be connected to a display or an alarm device. The rotation speed is, for example, Even when measured based on the number of rotations or the number of rotations of the drive shaft penetrating the crop guide member 6 good.   FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The reaper 39 shown in FIG. It is a so-called drag mower. Most visible with the tow mower shown in FIGS. The notable difference is that the tractor 36 cuts the three-point member 42 via the connecting member 44. This is a suspension mechanism for the tool 39. The reaper 39 has an upward center axis 40 and has a support arm. A beam 41 extends between the central axis 40 and the cutting tool 39. Space between center axis 40 And a deflection mechanism 43 extends between the three-point member 42 and the support arm 41. Above The retraction mechanism 43 includes, as is known, two connecting arms slidable by a spring action. One of which is pivotally connected to the support arm 41 and the other is connected to the connecting member 44. It is connected. For example, the reaper may hit an obstacle and the mechanism may cause excessive torque. When hooked, the connecting arms separate from each other, allowing the reaper to pivot. Wear. Increased friction between the mowing tool 39 (especially the guide shoe 10; see FIG. 2) and the ground. With the addition, the force exerted on the wobble mechanism 43 increases and causes deformation. This change The mutual movement of the shape or the two connecting arms is controlled by a sensor (not shown) of the safety device. This is the measured value of the ground resistance. If excessive resistance, reaping The tool 39 rotates around the central axis 40. If it is determined that the ground resistance is too high, Adjustment is achieved, for example, by lowering the ground pressure or reducing the operating speed. It is. In FIG. 2, a strain gauge is attached to the connecting member 44, thereby It is also possible to measure the resistance of the connecting member 44.   The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, one of the above One or more features of one embodiment and one or more features of the other embodiment. Embodiments based on combinations with the above features are possible. In addition, two or more of the above Embodiments based on similar combinations of embodiments are possible.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 コールン、マルテン オランダ国 エヌエル―3123 シーピー シェダム、エッチ.ウィエレンガストラー ト 5────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Koorn, Marten             Nuel 3123 Sheep             Shedam, etch. Weierengstrahler             G5

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1.作物刈り取り用の一以上の刈り取り部材(1)を備えた刈り取り具のような 農業用機械であって、土壌状態を測定する手段及び/又は土壌状態及び/又は地 面上の作物に起因する農業用機械の少なくとも一部分の動きを測定及び/又は予 測する手段を有することを特徴とする農業用機械. 2.請求項1記載の農業用機械であって、 該農業用機械には副フレーム(19)と該副フレームを部分的に支持する運搬フ レーム(20)が設けられ、該副フレームは刈り取り部材を備え、該副フレーム の動きは前記手段に含まれる記録装置によって測定或いは予測されることを特徴 とする農業用機械. 3.請求項1又は請求項2に記載の農業用機械であって、 前記記録装置が感知手段(35)を備えていることを特徴とする農業用機械. 4.請求項3に記載の農業用機械であって、 前記感知手段は該農業用機械の一箇所以上の振動の感知が可能であることを特徴 とする農業用機械. 5.請求項3又は請求項4に記載の農業用機械であって、 前記感知手段は一以上の加速度計を含むことを特徴とする農業用機械. 6.請求項3ないし請求項5何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 前記感知手段から供給される不適切な信号を選別するフィルタ手段が設けられて いることを特徴とする農業用機械. 7.請求項3ないし請求項6何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 副フレーム上に前記感知手段が少なくとも部分的に設けられていることを特徴と する農業用機械. 8.請求項1ないし請求項7何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 該農業用機械は少なくとも該農業用機械の一部分と地面及び/又は作物間の少な くとも水平方向の摩擦を測定又は予測する安全装置を有することを特徴とする農 業用機械. 9.作物刈り取り用の一以上の刈り取り部材を備えた農業用機械であって、該農 業用機械の少なくとも一部分と地面及び/又は作物の間の少なくとも水平方向の 摩擦を測定又は予測する安全装置を有することを特徴とする農業用機械. 10.請求項8又は請求項9に記載の農業用機械であって、 前記安全装置は該農業用機械の二つの部分間の動きを感知可能な手段を含むこと を特徴とする農業用機械. 11.請求項10に記載の農業用機械であって、 前記二つの部分の少なくとも一つは該農業用機械の破損防止装置に属することを 特徴とする農業用機械. 12.請求項1ないし請求項11何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 該農業用機械は支持部材を備え、刈り取り中に該農業用機械の重量の少なくとも 一部が該支持部材を介して地面に支えられることを特徴とする農業用機械. 13.請求項12に記載の農業用機械であって、 該農業用機械は地面押圧力調節手段を備え、該地面押圧力調節手段により前記支 持部材を介した支持の程度が調節可能であることを特徴とする農業用機械. 14.請求項13に記載の農業用機械であって、 前記地面押圧力調節手段が前記副フレームと前記運搬フレームの間に少なくとも 一つの可調連結部材を有することを特徴とする農業用機械. 15.請求項12又は請求項13に記載の農業用機械であって、 該農業用機械は、前記安全装置及び/又は前記記録装置に接続されてそれらから 信号を受ける制御手段を備え、該制御手段は該安全装置又は該記録装置に基づい て前記地面押圧力調節手段を制御するのに適していることを特徴とする農業用機 械. 16.請求項13ないし請求項15何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 該農業用機械は、前進しながら、手動、好ましくは自動で前記地面押圧力調節手 段を好適に制御する入力装置を備えることを特徴とする農業用機械. 17.請求項1ないし請求項16何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 一以上の前記刈り取り部材の回転数を測定する監視装置を備えていることを特徴 とする農業用機械. 18.作物刈り取り用の一以上の刈り取り部材が設けられた農業用機械であって 、該一以上の刈り取り部材の回転数を測定する監視装置を備えていることを特徴 とする農業用機械. 19.請求項17又は請求項18に記載の農業用機械であって、 前記監視装置が、前記刈り取り部材のナイフの通過を記録する測定手段を備えて いることを特徴とする農業用機械. 20.請求項17ないし請求項19何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 該農業用機械は、監視装置に接続されてそれから信号を受ける制御手段を備え、 該制御手段は該監視装置から出される信号に基づいて前記回転数を調節すること が可能であることを特徴とする農業用機械. 21.請求項1ないし請求項20何れかに記載の農業用機械であって、 前記記録装置、前記安全装置、又は前記監視装置は表示手段を含むことを特徴と する農業用機械. 22.請求項1から請求項21の一以上に記載の、農業用機械用の記録装置. 23.農業用機械の前又は下の土壌状態、或いは土壌状態による農業用機械の少 なくとも一部の動きが、刈り取り中に連続的或いは間欠的に測定或いは予測され ることを特徴とする作物刈り取り用の一以上の刈り取り部材が設けられた農業用 機械の使用方法. 24.地面及び/又は作物に対する農業用機械の少なくとも水平方向の抵抗が、 刈り取り中に連続的或いは間欠的に測定されることを特徴とする作物刈り取り用 の一以上の刈り取り部材が設けられた農業用機械の使用方法. 25.請求項23又は請求項24に記載の農業用機械の使用方法であって、 前記農業用機械が支持部材を介して少なくとも部分的に地面に支えられ、該支持 部材を介した支持の程度が測定或いは予測によって調節されることを特徴とする 使用方法. 26.少なくとも一つの刈り取り部材の回転数が測定されることを特徴とする作 物刈り取り用の一以上の刈り取り部材が設けられた農業用機械の使用方法. 27.請求項23ないし請求項26何れかに記載の農業用機械の使用方法であっ て、 前記測定或いは予測は参照値と比較され、それと偏差のある場合には、所定の敷 居値を監視しながら、該偏差を減らす処置が採られることを特徴とする使用方法 28.以上に記載された或いは図面に示された用具或いは方法.[Claims] 1. Such as a mower with one or more mowing members (1) for crop mowing An agricultural machine comprising means for measuring soil conditions and / or soil conditions and / or Measuring and / or predicting movement of at least a portion of the agricultural machine due to crops on the surface; An agricultural machine characterized by having means for measuring. 2. The agricultural machine according to claim 1, wherein The agricultural machine includes a subframe (19) and a transport frame that partially supports the subframe. A frame (20) is provided, said sub-frame comprising a mowing member; Movement is measured or predicted by a recording device included in the means. Agricultural machinery. 3. An agricultural machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, An agricultural machine, characterized in that said recording device comprises sensing means (35). 4. The agricultural machine according to claim 3, wherein The sensing means is capable of sensing vibration at one or more locations of the agricultural machine. Agricultural machinery. 5. The agricultural machine according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: An agricultural machine, wherein said sensing means includes one or more accelerometers. 6. The agricultural machine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein Filter means for selecting an inappropriate signal supplied from the sensing means is provided Agricultural machinery characterized by the fact that 7. The agricultural machine according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein The sensing means is provided at least partially on the sub-frame. Agricultural machinery. 8. The agricultural machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The agricultural machine may include at least a portion of the agricultural machine and less ground and / or crops. Agriculture characterized by having safety devices that measure or predict at least horizontal friction Industrial machinery. 9. An agricultural machine comprising one or more mowing members for crop harvesting, the agricultural machine comprising: At least a horizontal position between at least part of the industrial machinery and the ground and / or crops An agricultural machine having a safety device for measuring or predicting friction. 10. An agricultural machine according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein The safety device includes means for sensing movement between two parts of the agricultural machine. An agricultural machine characterized by: 11. The agricultural machine according to claim 10, At least one of said two parts belongs to a break prevention device of said agricultural machine. Features of agricultural machinery. 12. The agricultural machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein The agricultural machine includes a support member, and at least a weight of the agricultural machine during mowing is reduced. An agricultural machine, a part of which is supported on the ground via the support member. 13. The agricultural machine according to claim 12, wherein The agricultural machine is provided with ground pressing force adjusting means, and the support is provided by the ground pressing force adjusting means. An agricultural machine characterized in that the degree of support via a holding member is adjustable. 14. The agricultural machine according to claim 13, wherein: The ground pressing force adjusting means is at least between the sub-frame and the transport frame. An agricultural machine having one adjustable connecting member. 15. An agricultural machine according to claim 12 or claim 13, The agricultural machine is connected to and from the security device and / or the recording device. Control means for receiving a signal, wherein the control means is based on the safety device or the recording device. An agricultural machine characterized in that it is suitable for controlling the ground pressing force adjusting means. Machine. 16. The agricultural machine according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein The agricultural machine moves the ground pressing force manually, preferably automatically, while moving forward. An agricultural machine comprising an input device for suitably controlling a step. 17. The agricultural machine according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein A monitoring device for measuring the number of rotations of the one or more cutting members is provided. Agricultural machinery. 18. An agricultural machine provided with one or more mowing members for crop mowing, And a monitoring device for measuring the rotation speed of the one or more cutting members. Agricultural machinery. 19. An agricultural machine according to claim 17 or claim 18, wherein The monitoring device includes a measuring unit that records the passage of the cutting member through the knife. Agricultural machinery characterized by the fact that 20. An agricultural machine according to any one of claims 17 to 19, The agricultural machine includes control means connected to the monitoring device and receiving signals therefrom; The control means adjusts the rotation speed based on a signal output from the monitoring device. Agricultural machinery characterized in that it is possible to do so. 21. The agricultural machine according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein The recording device, the safety device, or the monitoring device includes a display unit. Agricultural machinery. 22. A recording device for an agricultural machine according to one or more of the preceding claims. 23. Soil condition in front of or below the agricultural machine, or a decrease in the amount of At least some movements are measured or predicted continuously or intermittently during mowing. Agriculture provided with one or more mowing members for crop mowing, characterized in that How to use the machine. 24. At least the horizontal resistance of the agricultural machine to the ground and / or crops For crop harvesting characterized by being measured continuously or intermittently during harvesting Use of an agricultural machine provided with one or more mowing members. 25. A method of using the agricultural machine according to claim 23 or claim 24, The agricultural machine is supported at least partially on the ground via a support member; Characterized in that the degree of support through the member is adjusted by measurement or prediction how to use. 26. The number of revolutions of at least one mowing member is measured. Use of an agricultural machine provided with one or more mowing members for mowing. 27. A method of using the agricultural machine according to any one of claims 23 to 26. hand, The measurement or prediction is compared to a reference value and if there is a deviation, A use method characterized in that a measure is taken to reduce the deviation while monitoring the threshold value. 28. The tools or methods described above or illustrated in the drawings.
JP51419699A 1997-08-22 1998-08-14 Agricultural machine and its use Pending JP2001504711A (en)

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PCT/NL1998/000465 WO1999009805A1 (en) 1997-08-22 1998-08-14 An agricultural machine and a method of using same

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DE69814347D1 (en) 2003-06-12
WO1999009805A1 (en) 1999-03-04
EP0954215A1 (en) 1999-11-10
NL1006826C2 (en) 1999-02-23
DE69814347T2 (en) 2004-03-25
EP0954215B1 (en) 2003-05-07
AU732102B2 (en) 2001-04-12
AU8889198A (en) 1999-03-16
ATE239353T1 (en) 2003-05-15
EP0954215B2 (en) 2009-01-28

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