JP2001277044A - Gear machining device and gear machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid an increase in installation area due to the use of a plurality of machining devices and a reduction in efficiency due to a tool change for a plurality of types of machining by a gear machining device. SOLUTION: A single gear machining device has a pair of tool spindles 50 and 52, and has a tool spindle rotating motor 64 and a tool spindle reciprocating motor 82 common to the tool spindles. For machining, axial movements of driving gears 70 and 94 transmit the rotations of the tool spindle rotating motor and tool spindle reciprocating motor selectively to either of the pair of tool spindles.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for processing a gear such as a spiral bevel gear, and more particularly, to an improvement in work efficiency of a gear processing apparatus and a reduction in an installation area of a production line.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional gear processing apparatus, the following one has already existed. The gear machining device comprises: (a) a tool spindle for holding and rotating a gear cutting tool for cutting a gear material; and (b) a work spindle for holding a gear material.
(C) a work spindle rotation drive for giving the work spindle a rotational movement necessary for cutting the gear material; (d) a tool spindle rotation drive for rotating the tool spindle; and (e) a tool spindle and the work spindle. And a relative movement imparting device for imparting a relative movement necessary for processing the gear material. And in the gear machining device for machining the spiral bevel gear, the work spindle rotation drive device is an indexing device that rotates the work spindle by the angular interval between the tooth grooves of the gear material, and the relative movement imparting device is Advance the tool spindle,
It is already known to use a tool spindle retraction device for retreating.

The gear processing apparatus described in Japanese Patent No. 2588353 is one example. In this apparatus, a single tool spindle for holding and rotating the gear cutting tool is provided. For example, when processing a gear material using a milling machine, first, the gear material is roughened using a milling machine as a roughing tool. After processing, the gear blank that has been roughed is finished using a disk broach as a finishing tool. Specifically, when the number of gear materials to be machined is small, etc., the machining is performed by appropriately replacing the rough machining tool and the finish machining tool with one gear machining device. Inevitably, the work efficiency is reduced. On the other hand, in the case of a large number of gear materials, a line is formed by using two gear processing devices, and roughing is performed by one of the gear processing devices.
Although the finish processing is performed by the other gear processing device, the use of two gear processing devices cannot avoid an increase in the installation area of the entire device.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to avoid both a reduction in work efficiency and an increase in the installation area of the apparatus. In addition, according to the present invention, a gear processing device and a gear processing method of the following embodiments can be obtained. As in the case of the claims, each aspect is divided into sections, each section is numbered, and if necessary, the other sections are cited in a form in which the numbers are cited. This is for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the technical features and combinations thereof described in the present specification to those described in the following sections. . Further, when a plurality of items are described in one section, the plurality of items need not always be adopted together. It is also possible to select and adopt only some of the items. (1) A plurality of tool spindles each of which holds a machining tool for machining a gear material by rotation, a work spindle which holds the gear material, and a rotational motion necessary for machining the gear material on the work spindle. A main spindle rotation driving device, a tool main shaft rotation driving device for selectively rotating any one of the plurality of tool main shafts, and the gears provided on the selected one tool main shaft and the work main shaft. A gear processing device including a relative movement providing device for providing a relative movement required for processing a material [Claim 1]. In the gear machining device described in this section, by providing a plurality of tool spindles,
Attach different types of machining tools to the table gear machining device,
It is possible to machine one gear material (including cutting and grinding) by changing those machining tools,
Compared to the case of using a plurality of gear processing devices, it is easy to reduce the installation area, and it is possible to hold different types of processing tools in advance, so that the time required for tool replacement is omitted. And work efficiency can be improved. Further, it is also possible to hold processing tools of different dimensions on a plurality of tool spindles and to process different types of gears only by changing gear materials. The gear machining device according to this section provides a relative movement imparting device for imparting relative movement to a gear material to be machined and a gear cutting tool attached to a tool spindle opposed thereto, thereby forming and cutting teeth. Both cutting and cutting can be performed. As described above, when different types of hobbing tools are held in advance by a plurality of tool spindles, a hobbing tool for forming hobbing may be attached to all of the tool spindles, or a new hobbing tool. May be attached. Further, a gear cutting tool for forming gear cutting is attached to one of the plurality of tool spindles, and a gear cutting tool for generating gear cutting is attached to any of the other tool spindles. By providing the relative movement suitable for the gear cutting tool, both the shaping gear cutting and the generating gear cutting can be performed without changing the gear cutting tool.
Further, the relative movement imparting device may move any one of the tool spindle and the work spindle, and impart a relative movement required for machining to the other, or the tool spindle and the work spindle. By moving both of them, a relative movement required for processing may be given. The relative movement giving device gives, for example, relative movements in X, Y, and Z axis directions, which are three directions orthogonal to each other.
It can be configured to include one axial movement imparting device and a rotational motion imparting device that imparts a relative rotation about a θ axis which is a rotation axis parallel to any of the three axes. In this case, by assigning a part of the four motion elements to the workpiece spindle and assigning the other motion elements to the tool spindle, the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle are relatively moved to generate the motion. Both gear cutting and molded gear cutting can be realized. Specifically, it is possible to carry out forming gear cutting by relatively moving in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the tool spindle, and by synchronizing and controlling three or four movement elements, it is possible to create Gear cutting can be performed. For example, by controlling the relative movement in the X, Y, and Z axis directions, it is possible to carry out the generating gear cutting process assuming meshing with the crown gear, and perform the relative movement in the X, Y, and Z axis directions and the rotation around the θ axis. By performing the control with the relative rotation of the above, it is possible to perform the generating gear cutting process on the assumption that the generating gear having the cradle meshes with the same bevel gear. (2) The gear machining device according to the above mode (1), wherein the relative movement imparting device includes a tool spindle advancing / retreating device that advances and retreats the plurality of tool spindles in the axial direction. As will be described later, the tool spindle moving device may move only one selected tool spindle forward and backward, or may move the entire tool spindle head forward and backward. (3) the plurality of tool spindles are arranged parallel to each other;
The work spindle rotation driving device includes an indexing device that rotates the work spindle by an angle interval between the tooth spaces of the gear material, and the relative movement providing device includes the selected one.
Includes a tool spindle advance / retreat device that moves the tool spindle forward and backward in the axial direction relative to the housing of the tool spindle head
The gear processing device according to item (1) [Claim 2]. In the gear machining device described in this section, a plurality of types of machining tools for machining a gear material are mounted, and a single gear machining device can perform a plurality of types of gear machining without attaching / detaching the machining tool. . In addition, since the tool spindles are provided in parallel with each other, the tool spindle rotation drive device and the tool spindle advance / retreat device are provided in common for a plurality of tool spindles, and are arranged so as to select one of the tool spindles. It becomes easier. (4) A plurality of tool spindles each holding and rotating a processing tool for processing a gear material, a work spindle holding and rotating the gear material, and an operation machining of the plurality of tool spindles for which a current machining is to be performed. A tool spindle rotation drive device that selects and rotates an operating tool spindle that holds a tool, a relative movement device that relatively moves the operating tool spindle and the work spindle, and a relative movement of the tool spindle rotation drive device A control device for controlling the device and a processing tool held on the working tool spindle to process the gear material held on the work spindle. (5) a plurality of tool spindles each holding and rotating a gear cutting tool for cutting each tooth groove of the gear material, and an indexing device for rotating the gear material by an angle interval between adjacent tooth grooves; A tool spindle rotation drive for selecting and rotating an operating tool spindle that holds an operating tool to be subjected to cutting processing at this time among the plurality of tool spindles, and at least the operating tool spindle as a housing of a tool spindle head; A tool spindle advancing / retracting device for advancing and retreating the working tool spindle toward the gear material by moving it forward and backward relative to the gear, and retracting the working tool spindle away from the gear material; And a control device for controlling the tool spindle advance / retreat device and rotating and retracting the working tool spindle while rotating the working tool spindle. The tool spindle advance / retreat device may move only the working tool spindle, or may move the working tool spindle and other tool spindles integrally. (6) The tool spindle advance / retreat device includes an electric motor whose rotation direction and amount of rotation can be controlled, and a motion conversion device that converts forward / reverse rotation of the electric motor into forward / backward motion of the gear cutting tool, A first mode in which the control device advances and retreats the selected working tool spindle once for each indexing of the gear blank, and for each cutting by each of the blades of a gear cutting tool having a plurality of blades; The gear processing device according to the above mode (5), wherein the gear cutting device can be controlled in a second mode in which the operating tool spindle is moved forward and backward once. In the gear machining apparatus described in this section, for example, a face mill as a gear cutting tool for rough machining is set on any one of a plurality of tool spindles, rotated and moved forward and backward in the first mode, and A disk broach as a gear cutting tool for finishing is set on the main spindle of the tool, and it is rotated and moved back and forth in the second mode. Thus, roughing and finishing can be performed without replacing the gear cutting tool with one gear processing device. Processing can be performed. (7) The gear machining apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the number of the tool spindles is two. Any number of tool spindles may be provided. However, if two tool spindles are provided, it is easy to avoid complicating the configuration of the device and to avoid increasing the size of the device. Further, it is easy to provide a tool spindle rotation drive device for rotating the tool spindle and a tool spindle advance / retreat device for moving the tool spindle in the axial direction in common to each tool spindle. (8) The gear machining apparatus according to the above mode (7), wherein the two tool spindles are vertically separated from each other. If the tool spindle is vertically spaced apart and the tool spindle is movable in the vertical direction, the tool spindle facing the work spindle can be easily replaced. The tool spindles may be arranged apart from each other in the left-right direction, or may be arranged diagonally. Here, the tool spindle may be arranged so as to be coincident in a direction along the rotation axis, or may be arranged differently. (9) The tool spindle rotation drive device includes an electric motor, and a selective transmission device for selectively transmitting rotation of the electric motor to the plurality of tool spindles (1) to (8). A gear processing device according to any one of the preceding claims. The electric motor is desirably a servo motor, for example, since the rotation amount and the rotation speed can be reliably controlled. However, a step motor may be used. (10) The selective transmission device includes: a rotation driving gear rotated by the electric motor; a plurality of rotation driven gears provided corresponding to each of the plurality of tool spindles; A moving device for moving the gear to a plurality of meshing positions meshing with one of the plurality of rotation driven gears. (9) The gear machining device according to (9). In the gear machining device described in this section, the selective transmission device has a relatively simple configuration. The meshing position is desirably provided in a direction along the rotation axis of the drive gear as described later, but may be provided in a direction intersecting the rotation axis. It is desirable that the moving device move only the rotation drive gear, especially when the meshing positions are separated in a direction along the rotation axis, but it is also preferable that the movement device moves with the rotation shaft. Good. (11) The plurality of rotation driven gears are arranged at different positions in a direction parallel to their rotation axis, and the plurality of meshing positions of the rotation drive gear are parallel to the rotation axis of the rotation drive gear. The gear processing device according to item (10), set apart in the direction. In the gear processing device according to this item, the plurality of driven gears are selectively rotated by moving the rotation drive gear along the rotation axis thereof,
The tool spindle corresponding to the driven gear can be rotated. Although it is possible to move the rotation drive gear together with the rotation shaft, it is preferable to move only the rotation drive gear with respect to the rotation shaft because the size of the apparatus can be easily reduced. (12) The electric motor is a servomotor (6),
The gear processing device according to any one of the above modes (9) to (11). The electric motor may be any type of motor as long as the rotation amount and the rotation direction can be controlled. However, by using a servo motor, the accuracy of the control of the rotation amount and the rotation direction can be easily improved. (13) The tool spindle advance / retreat device includes an electric motor and a motion conversion device for converting rotation of the electric motor into advance / retreat motion of each of the plurality of tool spindles. (2), (3),
The gear processing device according to the above mode (5) or (6). In the gear machining device described in this section, a common electric motor is provided for a plurality of tool spindles, and the rotation thereof is converted and transmitted by a motion conversion device provided for each of the tool spindles. The structure of the reciprocating device becomes simple, and it is possible to easily avoid an increase in the overall volume of the gear processing device. The motion conversion device can be configured to include, for example, a first member having a female screw portion rotated by an electric motor, and a second member having a male screw portion screwed with the female screw portion. Furthermore, if the electric motor is a servomotor, the amount of movement of the tool spindle can be controlled with high accuracy. Note that the electric motor may be a step motor. (14) the movement conversion device, a forward / backward drive gear rotated by the electric motor, and a plurality of forward / backward driven gears provided corresponding to each of the plurality of tool spindles;
A motion conversion device for each shaft which is provided corresponding to each of the plurality of forward / backward driven gears and converts the rotation of each forward / backward driven gear into forward / backward motion of the corresponding tool spindle; and the forward / backward drive gear. The gear processing device according to claim 13, further comprising: a moving device that moves to a plurality of meshing positions meshing with one of the plurality of driven gears. In the gear processing device described in this section, (10)
The same effects as those described in the section can be obtained. (15) The gear machining apparatus according to (14), wherein, for each of the plurality of tool spindles, the rotation driven gear and the advance / retreat driven gear are coaxially arranged with the corresponding tool spindle.
In the gear machining device described in this section, each tool spindle,
Since the corresponding rotation driven gear and forward / backward driven gear are provided coaxially, the configuration of each tool spindle is simplified,
This facilitates layout when a plurality of tool spindles are arranged on the tool spindle headstock. However, since the coaxial shape increases the axial length, any one of the tool spindle, the rotation driven gear, and the advance / retreat driven gear may be provided in parallel with the other two. It is also possible to provide all three in parallel. (16) A face mill as a rough machining tool is attached to one of the plurality of tool spindles of the gear machining device according to any one of the above items (2) to (15), and another one is provided. A disk broach as a finishing tool is attached to the book, and after roughing the gear material by a face mill, the two tool spindles are changed while the gear material is held on the work spindle, and the disk broach is A gear machining method for subjecting a steel to a finishing process (Claim 5). In the gear machining method described in this section, it is possible to sequentially perform rough machining and finish machining without changing the gear cutting tool by using one device, and further, while holding the gear material on the work spindle. Therefore, for example, a machining line is constituted by using two devices, and it is easier to improve work efficiency as compared with a case where a gear material is moved from one device to another device between roughing and finishing. Becomes The replacement of the tool spindle is preferably performed, for example, by moving the tool spindle head without changing the arrangement of the tool spindles, so that the working tool spindle and the work spindle are arranged so as to face each other. Such a method may be used. (17) A different gear cutting tool is attached to each of the plurality of tool spindles of the gear machining device according to any one of the above items (2) to (15), and the gear is formed by a first gear cutting tool. After performing gear cutting on a first gear material as a material, the first gear material is replaced with a second gear material, which is another gear material, and the tool spindle holding the first gear cutting tool is replaced with a second gear material. A gear machining method in which a second spindle is replaced with a tool spindle holding a second gear cutting tool, and the second gear cutting tool performs gear cutting on a second gear material. In the gear machining method described in this section, it is possible to machine different types of gears without changing the gear cutting tool in one gear machining apparatus. For example, when creating a plurality of types of gears, Since the number of times the apparatus is stopped for exchanging the cutting tool is reduced, it is easy to improve work efficiency. (18) The gear machining method according to the above mode (17), wherein the first and second gear cutting tools are face mills having different sizes or disk broaches having different sizes. (19) The gear machining method according to the mode (17), wherein the first and second gear cutting tools are hobbs having mutually different dimensions. As the hob, for example, a front disk hob can be used.

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a bed, and a rib 12 is formed on the periphery of the bed 10. The upper surface of the bed 10 is horizontal, and a tool unit 14 and a work unit 16 are provided.

[0006] The workpiece unit 16 includes a workpiece moving table 18.
have. The bed 10 has a pair of guide rails 2.
0 is fixed, and the workpiece moving table 18 is a workpiece moving motor (hereinafter abbreviated as a workpiece moving motor) 22.
Accordingly, the tool unit 14 and the workpiece unit 16 are guided in the guide rail 20, and are moved in the Z direction, which is a horizontal direction orthogonal to the direction in which the tool unit 14 and the workpiece unit 16 are arranged (hereinafter, referred to as the X direction).

A turning table 24 is provided on the workpiece moving table 18 so as to be turnable around a vertical axis, and is turned by a turning motor 25. A work headstock 28 that rotatably holds the work spindle 26 is fixed on the swivel 24. The work spindle 26 extends in the horizontal direction, and is intermittently rotated by a certain angle around its own axis by an indexing motor 30. The projecting end of the workpiece spindle 26 from the workpiece headstock 28 is provided with a workpiece chuck as a workpiece holder, and a gear material 31 as a workpiece indicated by a two-dot chain line.
Hold.

The work headstock 28 is moved in the Z direction by the movement of the work moving table 18, and is turned by the turn of the turntable 24. The workpiece moving table 18, the guide rail 20, and the workpiece moving motor 22 constitute a workpiece headstock moving apparatus.

The tool unit 14 has a tool moving table 32 provided on the bed 10. On the bed 10, a guide rail 34 extending in the X direction in which the tool unit 14 and the workpiece unit 16 are arranged is provided. The tool moving table 32 is moved by a tool moving motor 36 provided on the bed 10. It is moved along the guide rail 34.

A column 38 is erected on the tool moving table 32. A pair of guide rails 40 extending in a vertical direction (hereinafter, referred to as a Y direction) orthogonal to the X and Z directions is provided on a side surface of the column 38, and a tool headstock 42 is slidably fitted thereto. I have. The column 38 is a tool headstock vertical movement motor (hereinafter simply referred to as vertical movement motor) 44.
The tool headstock 42 is moved up and down along the guide rail 40 by the drive of the vertical movement motor 44. The tool moving table 32, the guide rail 34 and the tool moving table moving motor 36 constitute a tool headstock moving device 46,
The guide rail 40 and the vertical movement motor 44 constitute a tool headstock elevating device 48.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a pair of tool spindles 50 and 52 are
The second housing 54 is rotatably supported via a pair of stroke ball bearings 56 and 58 and movably along a rotation axis. A tool chuck as a tool holder for holding a working tool is provided at an end of each of the tool spindles 50 and 52 protruding from the housing 54 of the tool headstock 42. For example, a front milling cutter 60 for rough machining and a disk broach 62 for finishing are attached to these tool chucks as machining tools. The pair of tool spindles 50 and 52 are separated from each other in a vertical plane along the Y direction, and are arranged at different positions in the X direction.

The tool headstock 42 has a tool spindle rotating motor 64 for selectively rotating one of the pair of tool spindles 50 and 52. The tool spindle rotation motor 64 is a motor whose rotation amount can be controlled. Tool spindle rotation motor 6
Reference numeral 4 denotes a rotary shaft whose rotation axis is parallel to the rotation axes of the tool spindles 50 and 52 and is located at an equal distance from the tool spindles 50 and 52, and is rotated by the frame 66 via bearings 67 and the like. The rotation shaft 68 supported is rotated. The rotation of the rotation shaft 68 is transmitted to each of the tool spindles 50 and 52 by the rotation drive gear 70. Rotary shaft 68
A spline 72 is partially formed on the surface of the motor, and a rotary drive gear 70 that is rotated together with the rotary shaft 68 is fitted to the spline 72. This rotation drive gear 70
Is moved along the spline 72 by a moving device (not shown). As the moving device, for example, a shift device using a hydraulic actuator such as a hydraulic cylinder as a driving source can be employed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, one of a pair of tool spindles 50 and 52 is selected for the tool spindle head 42,
Tool spindle advance / retreat device 8 for moving in the direction along the rotation axis
0 is provided. The tool spindle advance / retreat device 80 includes a tool spindle advance / retreat motor 82, and the tool spindle advance / retreat motor 82
Rotates a rotating shaft 88 extending parallel to the tool spindles 50 and 52 and rotatably supported by a frame 84 via bearings 86 and the like. The tool spindle motor 82 is a motor that can rotate in both forward and reverse directions and that can control the amount of rotation. The tool spindle advance / retreat device 80 further includes an advance / retreat drive gear 92 that fits into and rotates with the spline 90 formed on the rotary shaft 88, and a movement (not shown) that moves the advance / retreat drive gear 92 along the spline 90. Equipment.

Since the configuration of the pair of tool spindles 50 and 52 is the same, only one tool spindle 50 will be described in detail. As described above, the tool spindle 50 is connected to the housing 5.
4 and are supported via stroke ball bearings 56 and 58 which allow movement in the rotation axis direction. A rotation driven gear 94 is coaxially provided on the tool spindle 50. The key 96 prevents the relative rotation between the tool spindle 50 and the rotation driven gear 94. The rotation driven gear 94 is rotated by meshing with the rotation drive gear 70, and transmits the rotation of the tool spindle rotation motor 64 to the tool spindle 50. In this embodiment, a gear train for reduction is formed by the rotation drive gear 70 and the rotation driven gear 94, and the rotation of the tool spindle rotation motor 64 is reduced and transmitted to the tool spindle 50.

Since the rotation driven gears 94 are arranged at mutually different positions in the X direction, the rotation drive gear 70 moves along the spline 72 to thereby control the rotation of the two rotation driven gears 94. It is engaged with only one of them, and rotates the tool spindle 50 corresponding to the rotation driven gear 94. The rotation drive gear 70 is shown in FIG.
In the first meshing position shown by the solid line, the lower tool driven shaft 94 is rotated by meshing with the lower rotation driven gear 94, and in the second meshing position shown by the two-dot chain line, the upper rotation driven gear 94 is rotated. And the tool spindle 50 is rotated. The tool spindle rotation motor 64, the rotation drive gear 70 and the rotation driven gear 94 constitute a tool spindle rotation drive device 102, and the rotation drive gear 70 and the movement device constitute a selection device 104.

Further, an advancing and retreating driven gear 106 is provided coaxially with the tool spindles 50 and 52. Driven gear 1
Reference numeral 06 denotes a ball screw 10 provided coaxially with the tool spindle 50 by being engaged with the drive gear 92 for advance / retreat.
Rotate 8. A nut 110 is screwed into the ball screw 108, a joint member 112 is fixed to the nut 110, and the joint member 112 is connected to the thrust bearing 11.
4 is connected to the end of the tool spindle 50 so as to be relatively rotatable and relatively immovable in the axial direction. Accordingly, when the forward / backward drive gear 92 and one of the forward / backward driven gears 106 mesh with each other, and the ball screw 108 is rotated by the rotation of the tool spindle forward / backward motor 82, the nut 110 and the joint member 112 are moved and the tool is moved. Spindle 5
One of 0,52 is moved along the axis of rotation. Here, like the drive gear 70 for rotation, the drive gear 92 for advance / retreat also includes the driven gear 10 for advance / retreat corresponding to the lower tool spindle 52.
Meshing position with the first gear 6 and the other forward / backward driven gear 1
06 can be moved to a second meshing position where it meshes. The nut 110 and the coupling member 112 convert the rotation of the tool spindle motor 82 into an axial movement to convert the tool spindle 50,
This constitutes the motion conversion device 120 for transmitting the motion to the motor 52. Tool spindle rotating motor 64 and tool spindle moving motor 8
2, as shown in FIG. 4, are arranged in the horizontal direction, and
They are arranged so as to be staggered in the direction of the rotation axis.

The operation of the gear machining apparatus configured as described above will be described. First, the work carriage 18 is positioned at the gear material transfer position at one end (the lower end in the figure) in the Z direction, and the work spindle 26 is turned so as to be parallel to the Z direction as shown in FIG. The table 24 is turned, and the gear blank 31 indicated by a two-dot chain line is held on the workpiece chuck. Thereafter, the swivel table 24 is swiveled to the processing position, and the workpiece moving table 18 is moved along the guide rail 20 to be located at a position facing the tool headstock 42. At this time, the workpiece spindle 26
Is in a state of intersecting with the rotation axes of the tool spindles 50 and 52 as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, a front milling cutter 60 and a disk broach 62 are attached to a pair of tool spindles 50 and 52, respectively. However, when the gear blank 31 is processed first and the same blank as the gear blank 31 is machined, there is no need to remove and attach the front milling cutter 60 and the disk broach 62 as the machining tools. Attachment of the processing tool is performed at a tool changing position where the tool moving table 32 is farthest from the workpiece unit 16. In addition, the machining tool and gear material 3
The attachment / detachment of 1 may be performed automatically by an exchange device or the like, or may be performed by an operator.

When the machining tool and the gear blank 31 are held, the tool moving table 32 is moved to a position close to the workpiece unit 16 and the front milling cutter 60 for rough machining is moved.
And the gear material 31 are opposed to each other. In the present embodiment, since the front milling cutter 60 is held by the lower tool spindle 50, the tool headstock 42 is raised by the tool headstock lifting device 48, and the front milling cutter 6 is moved.
0 is located at the processing position. Each tool spindle 50, 52
Is made to stand by at the position furthest away from the workpiece spindle 26 in the direction along the rotation axis, so that the machining tool which is not to be machined this time and the gear blank 31 do not interfere with each other. In this state, until the machining of one gear blank 31 is completed,
8. Processing is performed while the revolving base 24 and the tool moving base 32 are stopped.

First, the front milling cutter 60 performs a rough machining of the gear blank 31 so that the tooth grooves are roughly formed. Depending on whether the gear cutting tool for performing the machining is mounted on the upper side or on the lower side, the rotation drive gear 70 and the advance / retreat drive gear 92 are moved between the first meshing position and the second meshing position. Is moved to any of In this case, since the rough machining is performed by the front milling cutter 60 attached to the lower side, the rotation drive gear 70 and the advance / retreat drive gear 92 are respectively moved to the first meshing position.

Gear material 31 held on the work spindle 26
And the front milling cutter 60 held by the lower tool spindle 50 are opposed to each other, and work the frustum-cone processed portion of the gear material 31. The front milling cutter 60
While being rotated, it is advanced by the tool spindle advance / retreat device 80 and cut into the gear blank 31 to form one tooth space. When the formation of one tooth space is completed, the front milling cutter 60 is retracted by the tool spindle moving device 80,
The index of the gear material 31 is performed, and the next tooth space is formed. This operation is repeatedly performed until all the tooth spaces are formed.

Next, a finishing process is performed. The finishing is performed by a disk broach 62 previously attached to the upper tool spindle 50 in the present embodiment. When all the tooth grooves are formed by the front milling cutter 60, the tool headstock 42 is lowered by the tool headstock elevating device 48, and the disk broach 62 is positioned at the processing position. The gear 70 and the forward / backward drive gear 92 are moved to the respective second meshing positions. Here, the finishing process is different from the roughing process, and while one blade of the disk broach 62 cuts, the tool spindle 52 is moved in a direction approaching the gear material 31, and after the cutting by the blade is completed, the next process is performed. By the time the cutting of the blade is started, the tool spindle 52 is retracted to the original position. During one rotation of the disk broach 62, the number of tool spindles 5 is equal to the number of teeth.
0 is reciprocated. When finishing processing is completed for one tooth space, the next tooth space of the gear blank 31 is indexed and processing is performed. In this way, finishing is performed for all the tooth spaces, and processing of one gear material 31 is completed.

The forward / backward movement of the tool spindle 52 for finishing is controlled by controlling the amount of rotation of the tool spindle forward / backward motor 82 during machining, so that the disk broach 62 is kept at a position where the disc broach 62 is advanced by a predetermined distance at the beginning of cutting, and thereafter Alternatively, the vehicle may be advanced at a constant speed, and the advance speed may be increased near the end of the cut. In this way, relief portions can be formed at the small-diameter end and the large-diameter end of the tooth. Further, the forward speed of the disk broach 62 may be increased at an accelerating rate so that the tooth surface is crowned.

In the gear machining apparatus of this embodiment, the tool spindle motor 82 and the tool spindle rotating motor 64 are provided in common for the pair of tool spindles 50 and 52, respectively. It is easy to avoid upsizing.

The gear machining apparatus according to the present embodiment uses the face milling cutter 60 and the disk broach 62 as cutting tools. The present invention is applied to a gear machining apparatus using a hob such as a face disk hob as a cutting tool. It is also possible to apply Provide multiple tool spindles that hold and rotate the hob, attach different types of hobbs to them,
It is possible to process a plurality of types of gears without exchanging the hob.

Although the case where the gear machining apparatus of the present embodiment is used as a so-called forming gear cutting machine has been described above, the present gear machining apparatus can also be used as a so-called generating gear cutting machine. By performing numerical control in synchronization with the X-axis direction movement of the currently operating tool spindle, the Y-axis direction movement of the tool headstock, and the Z-axis direction movement of the work carriage by the control device, Generating gear cutting can be performed by combining motion elements, and generating gear cutting can be performed by combining four motion elements by adding a turning motion about a vertical axis (Y axis). is there.
As is already known, the generating gear cutting method is a gear cutting method performed on the assumption that a crown gear or a bevel gear meshes with a gear material to roll and rotate. Instead of these crown gears or bevel gears, by revolving the gear cutting tool while revolving, the blade of the gear cutting tool performs the same movement as one tooth of the crown gear or bevel gear rotates, and the gear material is 1
This is a processing method for forming one tooth space. In particular,
By moving the tool spindle in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction and moving the workpiece spindle in the Z-axis direction,
The revolving motion of the gear cutting tool is realized by the combination of the axial movement and the Z-axis movement, so that it is possible to perform a gear cutting operation assuming meshing with a crown gear, and furthermore, the tool spindle and the workpiece. By rotating the workpiece spindle around the vertical axis in synchronization with the movement of the spindle, the revolving motion of the gear cutting tool by the cradle is realized, and it is possible to perform generating gear cutting assuming meshing with the bevel gear. it can.

Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, these are merely examples, and the present invention is described in the above section [Problems to be solved by the invention, means for solving problems and effects]. The present invention can be implemented in various modified and improved forms based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, including the described embodiment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an entire gear processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front sectional view showing a main part of the gear machining apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing another main part of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the tool headstock of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing how the gear blank is machined in the gear machining apparatus of FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

14: Tool unit 16: Work unit
50, 52: Tool spindle 60: Front milling cutter 62: Disc broach
64: Tool spindle rotation motor 70: Rotating drive gear 80: Tool spindle advance / retreat device 82: Tool spindle advance / retreat motor 92: Advance / retreat drive gear 94: Rotary driven gear 106: Advance / retreat driven gear 120: Motion conversion device

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Junichi Moriyama 3-45, Akatsuki-cho, Seto-shi, Aichi F-Terminator of Toyoto Seimitsu Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of tool spindles each holding a machining tool for machining a gear material by rotation, a work spindle holding the gear material, and a work spindle required for machining the gear material. A work spindle rotation driving device that gives a rotational motion; a tool spindle rotation drive device that selectively rotates any one of the plurality of tool spindles; and the selected one tool spindle and the work spindle. A relative movement imparting device for imparting a relative movement necessary for machining the gear material. 2. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of tool spindles are arranged in parallel with each other, and the work spindle rotation driving device includes an indexing device that rotates the work spindle by an angle interval between tooth grooves of the gear material. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the relative movement imparting device includes a tool spindle advancing / retreating device for advancing and retreating the selected one tool spindle relative to the housing of the tool headstock in the axial direction. The gear processing device as described in the above. 3. A tool spindle rotation drive device comprising: an electric motor; a rotation drive gear rotated by the electric motor; and a plurality of rotation followers provided corresponding to each of the plurality of tool spindles. The gear processing device according to claim 2, further comprising: a gear; and a moving device configured to move the rotation driving gear to a plurality of meshing positions meshing with one of the plurality of rotation driven gears. 4. The tool spindle advance / retreat device includes: an electric motor; an advance / retreat drive gear rotated by the electric motor; and a plurality of advance / retreat driven gears provided corresponding to each of the plurality of tool spindles. A motion conversion device that is provided corresponding to each of the plurality of driven gears, and converts the rotation of each driven gear into forward and backward movements of the corresponding tool spindle; and The gear processing device according to claim 2, further comprising: a moving device configured to move to a plurality of meshing positions meshing with one of the plurality of advance / retreat driven gears. 5. A face mill as a rough machining tool is attached to one of the plurality of tool spindles of the gear machining apparatus according to claim 2, and the other is finished. After attaching a disk broach as a processing tool and subjecting the gear material to roughing by face milling, the two tool spindles are changed while the gear material is held on the work spindle, and finishing is performed on the disk broach. Gear machining method.