JP2001276810A - Desalting equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide desalting equipment which eliminates the need for providing a power source equipment having solar batteries with a battery, obviates the destruction of vacuum even in sudden clouding and rapid drop of generated electric energy, prevents the occurrence of leaking of concentrated raw water and contamination of freshwater by the sudden stoppage of a concentrated raw water discharge pump and freshwater discharge pump and further little in maintenance work. SOLUTION: The desalting equipment including a solar heat collector, an evaporation apparatus which has plural evaporators connected connected in a multiple-effect relation, a cooling column and a vacuum means is provided with the solar batteries 41 for obtaining the electric power to drive the DC and AC driven electric apparatus included in the desalting equipment, a DC transformation means 42 and a DC/AC conversion means 43 for converting the output of the DC transformation means 42 to AC. The equipment inputs the output of the solar batteries 41 to the DC voltage transformation means 42 without via the battery, supplies the output of the DC transformation means 42 to the DC driven electric apparatus and supplies the AC output of the DC/AC conversion means 43 to the AC driven electric apparatus.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is a self-supporting method for obtaining fresh water (distilled water) from raw water such as seawater, salty groundwater (brine water), industrial wastewater, etc. by utilizing solar energy or other heat sources by an evaporation / condensation method. It relates to a type of desalination equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a desalination facility of this type includes a raw water supply pump, a fresh water drain pump for discharging manufactured fresh water, a concentrated raw water discharge pump for discharging concentrated raw water, a vacuum means, and a condensing means. DC and AC driven electric devices such as electric motors and electric valves for driving them are provided. In order to make the desalination facilities self-supporting without relying on external power for driving them, a power supply facility with a solar cell is provided, and DC and AC power from the power supply facility is supplied to the electric equipment. I have to.

Conventionally, the power supply equipment equipped with the above-mentioned solar cell usually has a battery and a charge controller for preventing the battery from being overcharged, and the electric power generated by the solar cell is charged through the charge controller. are doing. The DC output charged in the battery is supplied to a DC-driven electric device or an AC-driven electric device via a DC transformer or a DC / AC converter.

However, when the above-mentioned battery is provided, it is necessary to prepare the battery, and the initial cost increases. In addition, if a battery such as a lead storage battery is over-discharged, its life is shortened. Therefore, it is necessary to take an over-discharge countermeasure such as enlarging the battery. Also,
Repeated charge / discharge lowers the storage capacity of the battery, requiring maintenance such as replenishment of the battery fluid and replacement of the battery.

In order to avoid the problem caused by providing the battery, in consideration of the fact that desalination facilities can be operated only in the presence of solar radiation, a desalination facility is not provided with a battery in a power supply facility, and is constituted only by a solar cell and its auxiliary equipment. When the solar radiation disappears, it is conceivable to stop the energization of the electric device and stop the operation of the desalination facility.

[0006] In the above-mentioned desalination facility, many electric opening / closing valves are used. When the operation of the desalination facility is started, such an opening / closing valve is energized in an opening operation direction to open. In some cases, the operation is performed, and when the operation is completed, power is supplied in the closing direction to perform the closing operation. When such a motorized opening and closing is installed in the desalination facility, as described above, if there is no battery in the power supply facility, the sun suddenly shades and if the power generation capacity suddenly disappears, it must be closed at the end of the desalination operation There is a problem that the electric open / close valve cannot be closed, and, for example, the vacuum in the equipment is broken.

[0007] The desalination equipment as described above is provided with a vacuum means, a concentrated raw water discharge pump, and a fresh water discharge pump. When the sun suddenly goes down and the power generation capacity is suddenly lost, the concentrated raw water discharge is performed. If the pump and the fresh water discharge pump are suddenly stopped, in a desalination facility equipped with an evaporator in which a plurality of evaporators are connected in a multi-effect relationship, concentrated water flowing down from an upper evaporator is discharged. In some cases, the concentrated water overflows from the evaporator in the last stage, and the concentrated water infiltrates the condensing means and the fresh water tank provided in the subsequent stage of the condensing means, thereby contaminating the fresh water.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and there is no need to provide a battery in a power supply facility equipped with a solar cell. The purpose is to provide a desalination facility that does not break the vacuum, does not overflow the concentrated raw water due to sudden stop of the concentrated raw water discharge pump and fresh water discharge pump, and does not contaminate the fresh water, and further reduces maintenance work. And

[0009]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an invention according to claim 1 is an evaporation apparatus comprising a solar heat collector, a plurality of evaporators, and the plurality of evaporators connected in a multiple effect relationship. Device, a condensing means, and a vacuum means, and the heat medium vapor from the solar heat collector is introduced into the evaporator at the uppermost stage of the evaporator as a heat source, and the condensed heat medium is returned to the solar heat collector and the evaporation is performed. The water vapor generated in the evaporator at the lowermost stage of the apparatus is sent to the condensing means to be condensed into distilled water, and the space of the evaporator of the evaporator and the condensing space of the condensing means are reduced to the atmospheric pressure or less by the vacuum means. A desalination facility, a solar cell for obtaining electric power for driving DC and AC electric equipment provided in the desalination facility, a DC transformer, and a DC / AC converter for converting an output of the DC transformer into an AC. Means to control the output of the solar cell The input to the direct current transformer means not through supplies the output of the DC transformer means to a direct current drive electric equipment, and supplying the alternating-current drive electric equipment AC output of the DC / AC converter.

[0010] As described above, the output of the solar cell is input to the DC transformer without passing through the battery, the output of the DC transformer is supplied to the DC driving electric equipment, and the output of the DC transformer is converted to DC / AC. Means, and the AC output of the DC / AC conversion means is supplied to an AC drive electric device.
A battery and a charge controller are not required for the power supply equipment of the desalination equipment, and the maintenance thereof is not required.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the desalination facility according to the first aspect, the DC transformer includes a constant voltage unit for adjusting an output voltage to a predetermined constant voltage.

By providing the DC transformer with the constant voltage means as described above, the amount of power generated by the solar cell is increased, and in the event of an overvoltage, equipment following the DC transformer can be protected.

[0013] The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2.
, A part of the electric equipment is an electric valve, and the electric valve is an electric valve that mechanically closes when the amount of power generated by the solar cell decreases.

By using an electric valve that closes mechanically when the amount of power generation decreases, the amount of power generated by the solar cell also decreases when the sun goes down. However, since the electric valve is mechanically closed, For example, if this electric valve is used in a vacuum system connected to the vacuum means of the desalination apparatus, the vacuum will not be destroyed even if the amount of power generation is reduced due to sudden sunshine.

The invention described in claim 4 is the first or second invention.
Or the desalination facility according to 3, wherein a power generation amount detecting means for detecting a power generation amount of the solar cell is provided, and when the power generation amount detecting means detects that the power generation amount of the solar cell has dropped below a predetermined amount, the vacuum means The present invention is characterized in that a running / stop control means for stopping the desalination facility is provided preferentially to the fresh water discharge pump and the concentrated raw water drain pump provided in the desalination facility.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the desalination facility according to the fourth aspect, the operation / stop control means includes: after stopping the vacuum means, the power generation amount detection means causes the power generation amount of the solar cell to fall below a predetermined amount. When the decrease is detected, the freshwater discharge pump is stopped prior to the concentrated raw water discharge pump.

As described above, by stopping the vacuum means in preference to the freshwater discharge pump and the concentrated raw water discharge pump, the amount of power generated by the solar cell is reduced, and the power generation capacity sufficient to drive all electric devices is lost. If the power of the solar cell is still insufficient, the freshwater discharge pump with low risk of freshwater contamination is given priority over the concentrated raw water discharge pump with high risk of freshwater contamination. By stopping, contamination of fresh water can be prevented.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the desalination facility according to the fifth aspect, the operation / stop control means is configured to stop its function after all the electric devices are stopped. It is characterized by.

As described above, since the operation / stop control means is configured to stop its function after all the electric devices are stopped, all the electric devices are stopped and the operation / stop control is required. When the water runs out, the plant is stopped, and safe stop control of the desalination facility can be performed.

The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 4 or 5.
Alternatively, in the desalination facility according to 6, the power generation amount detecting means is a pyranometer for detecting the amount of solar radiation or a small solar cell provided separately from the solar cell.

[0021]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a desalination apparatus using solar energy as a heat source will be described as an example. 1 and 2 are views showing a configuration example of a desalination apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the entire configuration, and FIG. 2 shows a part of the details. The desalination apparatus includes a solar heat collector 1, an evaporator 2, a cooling tower 3, a distilled water tank 4, a concentrated water tank 5, and a vacuum means 6.
And so on.

The solar heat collector 1 comprises a plurality of solar heat collector panels 1-1 to 1-6 for heating a heat medium by solar energy. The heat medium vapor heated by the solar heat collector 1 is sent to the evaporator 2 through a pipe 7, and the condensed heat medium from the evaporator 2 is stored in a buffer tank 9 through a pipe 8, From 9, it returns to the solar heat collector 1 through the heat medium circulation pump 26 and the pipe 10 and circulates. The circulation of the heat medium is performed by a thermosiphon, as described later in detail.

In the evaporator 2, a deaeration chamber 2-1 is arranged at the top, and a plurality of evaporators (here, the first evaporator 2
-8 to eight evaporators 2-9). For example, raw water (here, seawater) W supplied from a water source such as a raw water tank (not shown) that can always supply raw water at or above atmospheric pressure is preheated through a raw water preheating pipe 12,
It is supplied to the deaeration chamber 2-1. The raw water W that has overflowed the degassing chamber 2-1 passes through an overflow pipe 13 and a predetermined amount of raw water W is sequentially stored in each of the first evaporator 2-2 to the eighth evaporator 2-9, and is gradually concentrated. Finally, it is stored in the concentrated water tank 5 through the overflow pipe 14. The raw water W is supplied by the raw water supply pump 11.
It may be configured to supply using.

The heat medium vapor from the solar heat collector 1 is supplied to the degassing chamber 2
-1, heat exchange with the raw water W stored in the degassing chamber 2-1 through the heat exchanger 2-1a,
Further, the heat exchanger 2-2a disposed in the first evaporator 2-2
And heat exchange with the raw water stored in the first evaporator 2-2. The steam Wa evaporated by heating the raw water in the first evaporator 2-2 passes through the steam pipe 15 and passes through the second evaporator 2
-3 is sent to the heat exchanger 2-3a as a heat source to exchange heat with the raw water. Also, the water vapor Wa evaporated by heating the raw water in the third evaporator 2-4 to the seventh evaporator 2-8 is sent to the heat exchanger of the next evaporator as a heat source to exchange heat with the raw water. The condensed water is condensed into distilled water, and is finally stored in the distilled water tank 4.

The concentrated raw water in the concentrated water tank 5 passes through the pipe 27 by the concentrated raw water discharge pump 16 and is supplied to the condenser 3 of the cooling tower 3.
-1 is sent to the lower tank 3-1a, and further supplied to the sprinkling nozzle 3-1c by the concentrated raw water circulation pump 17, and sprinkled as cooling water on the condensation (heat transfer) pipe 3-1b. . The water vapor Wa evaporated by heating the raw water in the eighth evaporator 2-9 in the final stage is sent to the condensing pipe 3-1b of the condenser 3-1 through the pipe 18, and between the water and the concentrated raw water sprinkled. Heat exchange is performed and condensed to form distilled water.
9 to the distilled water tank 4. Lower tank 3
The concentrated water overflowing 1a is supplied to the concentrated water discharge pipe 20.
Drained through.

The vacuum means 6 has a gas-liquid separator 6-1 and a vacuum pump 6-2 connected to the gas-liquid separator 6-1. The gas-liquid separator 6-1 includes a pipe 7 through which the heat medium from the solar heat collector 1 passes through the pipes 21, 22, and 23, a deaeration chamber 2-1 of the evaporator 2, and a header 3 of the condenser 3-1. -1d. As a result, as described later in detail, the evaporation space of the evaporator 2 and the condensing space and the distilled water storage space communicating therewith can be brought into a reduced pressure state.

The distilled water Wb in the distilled water tank 4 is supplied to a predetermined place by a distilled water pump 25. In FIG. 1, V1 to V8 are valves. As these valves, in particular, the valves V1, V2, and V3 connected to the vacuum pump 6-2, use electric valves that are mechanically closed when the drive voltage decreases. This is because, as described later in detail, when the driving voltage using the solar cell as a power source is reduced, the valves V1, V2, and V3 are mechanically closed to prevent vacuum breakage.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the power supply equipment of the desalination apparatus according to the present invention. Reference numeral 41 denotes a solar cell, and a DC output generated by the solar cell 41 is input to a DC transformer 42 and boosted. The DC transformer 42 is a DC transformer 4
2-1 and constant voltage means 42-2. The constant voltage means 42-2 maintains the output voltage of the DC transformer 42 at a predetermined constant value, the amount of power generated by the solar cell 41 increases, and the DC transformer Even if the output voltage of 42-1 becomes an overvoltage, the subsequent electric equipment is protected.

The output of the DC transformer 42 is input to the DC / AC converter 43 and converted to AC (three-phase AC).
This AC output is transmitted through drivers D1 to D6.
The raw water supply pump 11, the concentrated raw water discharge pump 16, the distilled water pump 25, the concentrated raw water circulation pump 17, the heat medium circulation pump 26, the AC drive electric equipment such as the blower fan 3-2, etc., are further supplied. The power is also supplied to the operation / stop control means 44.

The DC output of the DC transformer 42 is supplied to the electric valves V1 to V18 via drivers D11 to D18.
8 and the like. In addition, the DC output of the solar cell 41 is also adjusted by the driver D2.
1, D22... Are supplied to the DC drive electric devices 30, 31.

Each of the drivers D1..., D11.
, D21... Are connected to the operation / stop control means 44 via a control line 46, and the operation / stop control means 44 is connected to the respective electric motors via the drivers D1..., D11. The driving equipment can be operated / stopped. In addition, the output voltage of the solar cell 41 is
And the detection output is output by the operation / stop control means 4
4 is input.

As described above, the output of the solar cell 41 is input to the DC transformer 42 without passing through the battery, and the output of the DC transformer 42 is connected to the DC of the valves V1 to V8 via the drivers D11 to D18. In addition to supplying the electric power to the driving electric equipment, the output of the DC transformer 42 is input to the DC / AC converter 43, and the AC output is supplied to the drivers D1 to D6.
-Raw water supply pump 11 and concentrated raw water discharge pump 1
6. Since the water is supplied to the AC driven electric equipment such as the distilled water pump 25, the concentrated raw water circulation pump 17, the heat medium circulation pump 26, and the blower fan 3-2, the power supply equipment of the desalination equipment does not require a battery, a charge controller, and the like. .

In the above example, the heat medium circulating pump 26 is driven by the AC output from the DC / AC converter 43 via the driver D5.
It may be a small DC pump driven by the DC output from the DC pump. It should be noted that other electric devices may be appropriately driven by DC or AC.

The electric valves V1 to V8, particularly the electric valves V1 to V3, use an electric valve which is mechanically closed when the power generation amount of the solar cell 41 is reduced and the voltage is reduced. In this case, the power generation amount of the solar cell 41 also decreases, but the electric valves V1 to V3 are mechanically closed, so that the evaporation space and the condensation space of the evaporator 2 and the condenser 3
The vacuum in the condensation space of -1 is not broken.

The operation / stop control means 44 monitors the output of the voltage detection means 45 and, when detecting that the amount of power generated by the solar cell 41 has fallen below a predetermined amount, switches the vacuum means 6 to distilled water (fresh water). The pump 25 and the concentrated raw water discharge pump 16 are stopped in priority. When the amount of power generated by the solar cell 41 decreases after the vacuum unit 6 is stopped, the distilled water pump 25 is stopped with priority given to the concentrated raw water discharge pump 16.

As described above, by stopping the vacuum means 6 in preference to the distilled water pump 25 and the concentrated raw water discharge pump 16, the amount of power generated by the solar cell 41 is reduced, and only all the electric devices are driven. When the amount of power generation is lost, the vacuum means 6 with the least actual harm is preferentially stopped. If the amount of power generated by the solar cell 41 is still insufficient, the distilled water pump 25 with a low risk of freshwater contamination is switched to the risk of freshwater contamination. By stopping prior to the highly concentrated raw water discharge pump 16,
Freshwater contamination can be prevented.

As means for detecting the amount of power generated by the solar cell 41, in addition to the voltage detecting means 45 for detecting the output voltage of the solar cell 41, a pyranometer 48 or a small solar cell 47 is provided, and the output is operated / operated. The information may be output to the stop control means 44. The operation / stop control means 44 includes the pyranometer 4
8 or the output of the small solar cell 47 is monitored,
It can be known that the power generation amount of No. 1 has decreased.

When the power generation amount of the solar cell 41 decreases, the operation / stop control means 44 responds according to the decrease amount.
Although each electric device is stopped in accordance with the above-mentioned priority and other predetermined orders, the operation / stop control means 44 itself is configured to stop its function after all the main electric devices are stopped. As a result, all the electric devices are stopped and stopped when the operation / stop control is no longer necessary, so that safe operation / stop control of the desalination facility can be performed.

[0039]

As described above, according to the invention described in each claim, the following excellent effects can be obtained.

The output of the solar cell is input to the DC transformer without passing through the battery, and the output of the DC transformer is supplied to the DC driving electric equipment, and the output of the DC transformer is input to the DC / AC converter. Since the AC output of the DC / AC conversion means is supplied to the AC drive electric equipment, a battery and a charge controller are not required in the power supply equipment of the desalination facility, and the initial cost can be reduced and the battery is not used. In addition, maintenance items such as replenishment of the battery liquid and replacement of the battery can be reduced, and the running cost can be reduced.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the DC transformer has the constant voltage means, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell increases and the voltage becomes excessive, the equipment after the DC transformer is replaced. It can protect against overvoltage.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the electric valve is a motor-operated valve which is mechanically closed when the amount of power generated by the solar cell is reduced, it is used, for example, in a vacuum system connected to vacuum means. For example, even if the power generation amount of the solar cell suddenly decreases, the vacuum is not broken.

According to the fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention, by stopping the vacuum means in preference to the freshwater discharge pump and the concentrated raw water discharge pump, the amount of power generated by the solar cell is reduced, and all electric devices are used. When the power generation capacity for driving is lost, the vacuum means with little harm is preferentially stopped,
If the amount of power generated by the solar cell is still insufficient, it is possible to prevent freshwater pollution by stopping the freshwater discharge pump with low risk of freshwater pollution in preference to the concentrated raw water discharge pump with high risk of freshwater pollution. it can.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the operation / stop control means is configured to stop its function after all the electric devices are stopped, all the electric devices are stopped and the operation thereof is stopped. When the stop control is no longer required, the stop is performed, and the safe stop control of the desalination facility can be performed.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a pyranometer for detecting the amount of solar radiation or a small solar cell provided separately from the solar cell is used for the power generation amount detecting means. As in the case of detecting, the power generation of the solar cell can be accurately detected without being affected by the load condition,
The run / stop control enables appropriate run / stop control according to the amount of power generated by the solar cell.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a desalination apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration example of a part of a desalination apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power supply facility of the desalination apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar heat collector 2 Evaporator 2-1 Deaeration chamber 2-2-9 1st-8th evaporator 3 Cooling tower 3-1 Condenser 3-2 Fan 4 Distilled water tank 5 Concentrated water tank 6 Vacuum means 6 -1 Gas-liquid separator 6-2 Vacuum pump 9 Buffer tank 11 Raw water supply pump 12 Raw water preheating pipe 13 Overflow pipe 14 Overflow pipe 15 Steam pipe 16 Concentrated raw water discharge pump 17 Concentrated raw water circulation pump 26 Heat medium circulation pump 30 DC drive electric Equipment 31 DC-driven electric equipment 41 Solar cell 42 DC transformer 43 DC / AC converter 44 Operation / stop control 45 Voltage detection 46 Control line 47 Small solar cell 48 Pyranometer

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F24J 2/44 F24J 2/04 M (72) Inventor Ichiro Kamiya 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Shuyuki Inoue 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Keiichi Irie 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Ebara Corporation Inside the factory (72) Inventor Toru Tokumaru 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Tomoyuki Uchimura 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72 ) Inventor Motoyasu Sato 11-1 Haneda-Asamachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo F-term within Ebara Densan Co., Ltd. (Reference) 3H045 AA06 AA09 AA16 AA23 BA31 BA41 CA21 DA02 EA38 4D034 AA01 AA11 BA03 CA1 4 DA01

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An evaporator comprising a solar heat collector, a plurality of evaporators, and the plurality of evaporators connected in a multi-effect relationship.
A condensing means and a vacuum means, wherein the heat medium vapor from the solar heat collector is introduced into the uppermost evaporator of the evaporator as a heat source, and the condensed heat medium is returned to the solar heat collector, The water vapor generated in the lowermost evaporator is sent to the condensing means to be condensed into distilled water, and the vacuum means reduces the pressure in the evaporator space of the evaporator and the condensing space of the condensing means to below atmospheric pressure. A solar cell for obtaining electric power for driving DC and AC electric equipment provided in the desalination facility, a DC transformer, and an output of the DC transformer is converted to AC. DC / AC conversion means is provided, and the output of the solar cell is input to the DC transformation means without passing through a battery, and the output of the DC transformation means is supplied to the DC drive electric device, and the AC of the DC / AC conversion means is provided. Output Desalination equipment and supplying to the flow drive electric equipment. 2. The desalination plant according to claim 1, wherein said DC transformer comprises a constant voltage unit for adjusting an output voltage to a predetermined constant voltage. 3. The desalination facility according to claim 1, wherein a part of the electric equipment is an electric valve, and the electric valve mechanically closes when a power generation amount of the solar cell decreases. Desalination equipment characterized by being a valve. 4. The desalination facility according to claim 1, further comprising: a power generation amount detection unit that detects a power generation amount of the solar cell, wherein the power generation amount detection unit determines a power generation amount of the solar cell. A freshwater control device for stopping the vacuum means in preference to a freshwater discharge pump and a concentrated raw water discharge pump provided in the desalination facility when detecting that the water content has dropped below a predetermined amount. Equipment. 5. The desalination facility according to claim 4, wherein the operation / stop control unit determines that the power generation amount detection unit reduces the power generation amount of the solar cell to a predetermined amount or less after the vacuum unit stops. The desalination equipment is characterized in that, when a is detected, the desalination pump is stopped prior to the concentrated raw water drain pump. 6. The desalination facility according to claim 5, wherein the operation / stop control means is configured to stop its function after all the electric devices are stopped. Facility. 7. The desalination facility according to claim 4, wherein the power generation amount detecting means detects a solar radiation amount or a pyranometer.
A desalination facility characterized in that the solar cell is a small solar cell separately provided.