JP2001275625A - Method for treating linum usitatissimum - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for removing a husk of Linum usitatissimum from a core of the seed by friction. SOLUTION: The outside husk part initially removed by the friction is separated as a mucilaginous fraction and the inside part subsequently removed is separated as a fibrous fraction in this method. The fibrous fraction is especially rich in lignan.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the treatment of flax seeds (Linum sp.) For producing food supplements.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Flax seed hulls consist of three separate structural parts. The outer part is composed of a water-soluble mucus and an epidermal layer. Beneath the mucus is the actual shell material, consisting of four layers, the plant dermis (spermoderme). The surface of the inner shell is the germ, and the seed nucleus consists of cotyledons, which occupy about half the weight of the seed. The major part of seed oil and protein is in cotyledons. Seeds are used as such or ground in animal feed and human food. Mucous separated from the shell has also been used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

[0003] Flax seeds are also threshed to separate shell parts from the inner part (Wanasundra & Shahidi, Foo).
d Chem, 59 (1997) 47-55). Nevertheless, threshing is a cumbersome and cumbersome process, depending, inter alia, on the shape of the seed. The friction method is performed in threshing.

[0004] Oils can be separated from flax seeds by compression or extraction. Solid residues are mainly used as animal feed. It is usually considered unsuitable for use as a food product (Oomah & Mazza, Food.
Chem., 48 (1993) pp. 109-114) are nonetheless used, especially in bakery products. Its use is particularly limited by changes in taste and color in foodstuffs, which can be perceived as unpleasant.

Flax seeds also contain lignan in an amount of 80-370 mg / 100 g (Mazur et al., Anal. Biochem., 233).
(1996) pp. 169-180). In food, lignans have been found to provide health benefits, especially anti-carcinogenic effects.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for removing the flaxseed shell from the seed core by friction.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A layer of husk is removed from whole flax seed, and the husk is subsequently split into a mucilage fraction that was first removed and a fiber fraction that was subsequently removed. However, a method has now been found. The mucilage fraction contains the outermost shell layer and is rich in water-dispersible carbohydrates (mucilage). The fiber fraction comprises an inner shell layer and is particularly rich in fibers and lignans. Friction can be achieved in particular in mills with millstones.

[0008] The threshing method of the present invention serves to separate separate fractions suitable for different uses in one single process.

[0009] It has now also been found that flax seed solids obtained by separating oil from seeds are bleached by treating them with a mixture of water and alcohol. The bleaching mixture may additionally contain hydrogen peroxide. Shells or shell fractions separated from whole seeds can also be bleached by the bleaching method of the present invention.

The bleaching process of the present invention, when used as a food supplement, produces a product that produces less color and taste change than untreated solids.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The outermost flax seed layer contains primarily water-soluble carbohydrates and forms flax seed mucilage. Below this is a layer containing primarily fibers. When complete unbroken flax seed is rubbed, the outer layer is first removed. This layer is separated as a mucilage fraction. The inner layer is then peeled off to separate as a fiber fraction. This fraction is also rich in lignans. The rest includes the inner seed part,
And it is rich in oils and proteins. The inner part accounts for about half of the weight of the seed.

The mucilage fraction can be used, inter alia, in foodstuffs, for example as a thickener in bread. The mucilage fraction may also be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
The rheological behavior of the mucilage fraction is similar to that of gum arabic.

The mucilage fraction accounts for about 0.5 to 10%, for example 5 to 8%, of the weight of the seed. The mucilage fraction collects along the inner part of the shell.

The fiber fraction can be used as a food supplement, especially when an increase in fiber and lignan is desired. Lignans are given to provide health benefits. These appear to behave, inter alia, as anti-carcinogens. The fiber fraction inherently contains a certain amount of oil. The oil can be removed, for example, with hexane. Especially fiber-rich fractions can also be removed from the fiber fraction. In particular, if the oil is first removed, the lignan concentrate can be further produced from the fiber fraction, for example by sorting or sizing. Lignans can also be concentrated by extraction.

[0015] The fiber fraction is about 20% of the weight of the seed.
~ 70%, e.g. 30-50%, especially 35-45%
Occupy.

The oil can be separated from the inner part of the seed, where the residue is rich in protein. Particularly high protein fractions with a protein content of up to 70% and mucilage fractions can be further separated from the residue.

Friction is achieved by the requirement to maintain the inner part of the seed as completely as possible, allowing it to be separated from the rubbed powder. Friction is
This can be achieved using commonly used friction devices. The apparatus can be modified, for example, a rice polishing apparatus. Friction is achieved by the requirement to remove the shell part as completely as possible, while at the same time removing only a minimal amount of the inner part. Friction can be achieved as a continuous process.

The seeds can be rubbed, for example, in a mill with a millstone. The rough surface of the millstone, at a predetermined speed,
Preferably rub the seeds for about 1 to 3 minutes. The rubbed powder was found to have a particularly high lignan content after a rub time of about 1 minute.

The fiber fraction is a brownish powder. It can be bleached and at the same time taste removed, defatted and upgraded. In bleaching, the powder is moistened with water, wherein the ratio of water to powder is varied, for example, in the range from 1: 1 to 3: 1. Enzymes such as lipases or proteases can be added to the water. The water can act for, for example, 0.5 to 12 hours, and then the paste is converted to an alcohol, such as
It is homogenized in a C ₁ -C ₅ alcohol, especially ethanol or isopropanol, especially isopropanol. The alcohol amount is, for example, 2 to 5 times the amount of the powder. The homogenized alcohol-containing suspension is separated from the solution, for example, by filtration or centrifugation. The separated powder is washed with, for example, 2 to 6 times the amount of alcohol,
And thereafter, the suspension is preferably filtered and centrifuged. The alcohol part is dried at, for example, 20 to 90 ° C. The dried paste is ground or granulated, if necessary, to the desired grain size.

Alcohol destroys the viscosity generated by alcohol-insoluble but water-soluble carbohydrate components.
This facilitates homogenization of the paste into a non-viscous suspension and facilitates the mechanical separation of the suspension, such as filtration and centrifugation. The water treatment causes the hard structure to open such that most of the oil remaining in the paste is removed during the water-alcohol treatment. The finer the powder, the stronger the effect. The alcohol added after the water treatment provides for precipitating water-soluble carbohydrates,
Strip it from the surrounding matrix. This is for example
Allows the dried product to be concentrated into the water-soluble components by mechanical means, for example, sizing.

Bleaching also removes cyanogen from the product. Better results with a simple water-alcohol treatment are achieved, for example, by adding 2-7% hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous solution in the elution step. Hydrogen peroxide added before the alcohol effectively removes mucous from the surface.

Prior to bleaching, the powder may be thermally treated to inactivate any enzyme activity that affects taste. The temperature range can be, for example, 40-80 ° C., and the treatment time can be, for example, 0.5-2 hours. The processing is
It can be performed under reduced pressure. In addition to inactivating the enzyme, temperature and possible reduced pressure have a shared effect in removing small molecules that affect taste.

Flax seeds that are completely oily (flax seed groots (g
The solid residue remaining after being separated from the roats)), in particular the residue obtained by compression, can also be bleached by the process according to the invention. The glows are preferably ground before bleaching by an emery mill having a pair of millstones.

[0024]

【Example】

Example 1 An apparatus designed for oat rubbing was used for flaxseed rubbing. The seeds were rubbed between the millstone and the metal mesh in a batch machine with two millstones (80 grams serving). At the end of the rub, seeds were removed from the device through a hatch at the bottom of the net. During the process, the rubbed powder was passed through a mesh to a receiver. Table 1 shows the yield of the rubbed fraction as well as the protein, fat and lignan concentrations as a function of the rub time.

[0025]

[Table 1] Table 1. Rubbed flax seeds (Linum usitatissimu
m, Helmi ssp.) powder yield and protein, fat and lignan concentrations calculated on dry matter (ds)

The resulting powder can be further used as a reactant in a lignin concentrate. For example, extracting the oil from the powder rubbed by hexane extraction will increase the lignin concentration of the powder to an amount equal to the oil content, ie, 18%, after one minute of rubbing. The powder can be further bleached, for example, as described in Example 2.

[0027]

Example 2 Flax seed groots obtained in a cold drawing process was bleached. The glows were heat treated to inactivate any enzymatic activity that affects the glow taste. The most perceptual results were obtained by thermally treating the glows at 60 ° C. under reduced pressure for 1 hour. The resulting dark brown glow was eluted in water at room temperature to form a paste-like powder.
After about 0.5-2 hours of settling, the paste-like powder is
Eluted in isopropanol at a ratio of 1.2-3 (w / w). The resulting crushed flaxseed suspension was filtered under reduced pressure. The resulting precipitate, ie the filter presscake, was washed during homogenization in isopropanol, refiltered under reduced pressure or centrifuged in a decanter centrifuge. The filtered powder was dried at room temperature or using a closed drying technique that allowed the isopropanol to be recovered.

[0028] Better results than those obtained by simple water-alcohol treatment were obtained by adding hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous liquid during the elution step. A very bright powder was obtained by eluting the glow in an aqueous solution with a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 4-5%. 0.5-2
After an elution time of time, the paste-like powder is homogenized in twice the volume of isopropanol, filtered under reduced pressure,
Washed in isopropanol and refiltered. The filtered powder was dried.

A particularly protein-rich product was obtained when isopropanol accounted for 50% of the solution and peroxide accounted for about 5% of the solution.

Continuation of the front page F term (reference) 4B036 LF19 LP04 LP24 LT29 4C088 AB12 AC04 CA01 ZB26

Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. A method for removing flax seed husks from seed nuclei by friction, wherein the outer part removed at the beginning of the shell is separated as a mucilage fraction and then the inner part removed next A method wherein the parts are separated as a fiber fraction. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the separated mucilage fraction comprises 3 to 10%, for example 5 to 8%, of the weight of the seed. 3. The separated fiber fraction comprises from 20 to 70%, for example from 30 to 50%, in particular from 3%, of the weight of the seed.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 which accounts for 5 to 45%. 4. The fiber-rich high fiber fraction is further separated from the fiber fraction.
5. The method according to any one of 4. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the lignan-rich lignan fraction is further separated from the fiber fraction. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the oil is separated from the fiber fraction, in particular by extraction. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oil is separated from the inner part remaining after friction. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the core protein fraction and the carbohydrate fraction are separated from the residue remaining after oil separation. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the friction is achieved in a mill with a millstone. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the separated fiber fraction is bleached. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the bleaching is achieved by a bleaching solution comprising water and alcohol. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the alcohol is a C ₁ -C ₅ alcohol, for example ethanol or isopropanol, especially isopropanol. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the amount of alcohol is 2 to 5 times the amount of the fiber fraction. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the bleaching solution also contains hydrogen peroxide, for example 2 to 7%, 4 to 6%, especially about 5%. 15. The process according to claim 11, wherein the fiber fraction is treated with the aqueous solution before treatment with the bleaching solution, for example for 0.5 to 12 hours. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the aqueous solution contains a lipase, a protease or another enzyme. 17. The slurry obtained in the water treatment,
17. A method according to claim 15 or claim 16 wherein said alcohol is mixed to achieve bleaching. 18. The method according to claim 14, wherein hydrogen peroxide is added to the aqueous solution. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the fiber fraction is thermally treated before bleaching, for example for 0.5 to 2 hours, for example at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C., especially under reduced pressure. The method according to any one of the above.