JP2001275501A - Irrigation system for field - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To properly distribute water into each paddy field and each paddy field area so as to improve qualities of rice plant and to increase a yield as a whole large-scale paddy field area even in the case of an insufficient amount of water usable for irrigation in a paddy field area constituted of plural paddy fields and in the large-scale paddy field area constituted plural paddy field areas. SOLUTION: Water is preferentially distributed to paddy fields in a growing period of paddy-rice plant liable to be influenced by water shortage or to undamaged paddy fields and the amount of water per day to be distributed to the paddy fields from the day to fixed several days hereafter is planned so that the total amount of water does not exceed the total amount of water for total irrigation which can be taken from a fountainhead 101. Namely optimization calculation of water distribution amount is carried out while predicting the ratio of damage of each paddy field 112 based on a paddy-rice plant growth period, the ratio of damage, a water distribution amount of the each paddy field and weather forecast data till fixed several days hereafter. According to the obtained daily planned amount of water to each paddy field 112, a daily planned pump discharge of a parent pump position 102, a daily planned distribution amount to a reservoir 105 and a daily planned pump discharge of a child pump position 106 are calculated and facilities instruments 102, 104, 106 and 108 are controlled.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an improvement in crop quality and a high yield in a field area composed of a plurality of fields (paddy fields, fields), and a large-scale field area composed of a plurality of fields. To control water supply valves, control water distribution, and perform other water management tasks to properly distribute irrigation water to each field area and each terminal field, especially when there is a shortage of irrigation water. The present invention relates to a field irrigation system suitable for a tender field area.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art (Prior Art 1) Water Management in Paddy Fields Water management work in paddy fields requires daily tours of rice fields,
Since different judgments are required depending on the conditions of the soil and the growth stage of the rice, the operation is cumbersome and requires experience for the farmer. On the other hand, coupled with the progress of laying of water supply pipelines and water supply valves, the development of paddy irrigation systems for automatic water supply to terminal paddy fields has advanced to the practical stage. For example, in the paddy field irrigation system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-65776, a daily paddy target water level is determined according to the growth stage of rice, and a water supply valve is controlled so that the paddy water level falls within the vicinity of the target water level. Is going. Also, in the paddy field irrigation system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-37950, in order to avoid the cold water temperature obstacle of rice, the water temperature of the paddy field and the irrigation canal is measured, and only when the temperature difference is within a predetermined allowable range. , Automatic control of water supply valve. Further, in the paddy field irrigation management system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-275684, the water level / water temperature measurement data of a paddy field and the control of a water supply valve are provided between a management device installed at home and a transceiver installed in a paddy area. It sends and receives data and enables remote monitoring and control of paddy fields from home.

(Prior art 2) Irrigation from water source to paddy field In addition to the above-mentioned water supply facilities to each terminal paddy field, a main line for irrigating water from water sources such as rivers and lakes to each paddy field area. Automation of irrigation systems is also progressing.
For example, in the agricultural water supply system described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-42726, a parent pumping station for supplying water from a water source to each paddy area, and irrigation water supplied from the parent pumping station are received, and By remotely controlling the sub-pumping station and the direct diversion valve installed in each paddy area to supply water to each terminal paddy field in the
The irrigation water from the water source can be distributed to each paddy area by a predetermined amount. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned technology, water is allocated less to paddy areas where there is excess irrigation water than in past demand, and more water is allocated to paddy areas where irrigation water is insufficient. It has a flexible water distribution function to perform

[0004]

According to the above (prior art 1), in a paddy field area composed of a plurality of paddy fields,
Water can be automatically supplied to a predetermined target water level required by each terminal paddy field. However, there is no problem if a sufficient amount of irrigation water is supplied to the above paddy fields. Depending on the water supply method, some paddy fields may not receive water at all, or sufficient water may not reach all terminal paddy fields. As a result, for example, there is a possibility that sufficient water is not distributed to the paddy fields at the time of growing rice, which is susceptible to water shortage, and the yield of the entire paddy field is greatly reduced.

Further, according to the above (Prior Art 2), in a large-scale paddy field area composed of a plurality of paddy fields, irrigation water from water sources such as rivers, lakes and marshes is supplied in accordance with the demand in each paddy field. In this way, it is possible to automatically and fairly allocate to each paddy area. However, there is no problem if a sufficient amount of irrigation water is obtained from the water source in the large-scale paddy area, but if there is not a sufficient amount of water in the water source, the water in accordance with the actual demand of each paddy area Allocation is done, but that is not always the preferred water allocation from the standpoint of rice growth and yield in large paddy areas as a whole. For example, sufficient irrigation water is not supplied to paddy areas where many paddy fields are susceptible to water shortage during the growing season, and yields in these paddy areas drop sharply. Some irrigation water is also supplied to paddy fields where there are many paddy fields where sufficient harvest cannot be expected, and sufficient yield may not be obtained for the input water.

[0006] While the above description has been given of a paddy field, the same problem occurs in a field. Fields require less rigorous water management because they have less water in the soil than paddy fields, so the problem becomes even more severe when irrigation water is scarce in upland areas.
Therefore, in the present invention, "field", which is a term including both fields and paddy fields, is treated as an object of the irrigation system. That is, the field means a paddy field, a field, or a mixed land of a paddy field and a field. In addition, the field area means an area including a plurality of field groups having the same water supply system. A large-scale field area means an entire area consisting of a plurality of areas sharing a water source and having the same main irrigation system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve these conventional problems, and to adequately control each field in a field area composed of a plurality of fields when irrigation water available in the field area is insufficient. It is an object of the present invention to provide a field irrigation system capable of distributing water and improving the quality and yield of crops in the entire field area. Another object of the present invention is to provide a large-scale field area composed of a plurality of field areas, in a case where the available irrigation water is insufficient in the large-scale field area, water is appropriately supplied to each field area. It is an object of the present invention to provide a field irrigation system capable of distributing and improving the quality and yield of crops in the entire large-scale field area.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a field irrigation system of the present invention controls irrigation equipment installed in each field in a field area consisting of a plurality of sections to irrigate each field. Field irrigation system
Water distribution amount determining means for dividing the total irrigation water available during a predetermined period for the field area by a predetermined value and determining a water distribution amount to each field when distributing to each field, A field irrigation water management device having control means for operating each of the water supply devices based on the water distribution amount is provided. Also, the field irrigation system of the present invention,
In a field irrigation system that controls a water supply device installed for each field in a field area composed of a plurality of sections to irrigate each field, a total irrigation water available for a predetermined period with respect to the field area is used. When dividing water by a predetermined value and allocating water to each field, preferentially allocate water to fields where good crop quality and yield are expected, or select Water distribution amount determining means for determining the water distribution amount to each field so that water is preferentially distributed to the field, and control means for operating each water supply device based on the water distribution amount. And a field irrigation water management device.

Further, the field irrigation system of the present invention is a field irrigation system that controls a water supply device installed for each field in a field area composed of a plurality of sections to irrigate each field. On the other hand, when the total irrigation water available during a predetermined period is divided by a predetermined value and water is distributed to each field, the quality and yield of the crop in each field after the water distribution are evaluated based on the quality of the prediction result. A field irrigation water management device having a water distribution amount determining means for determining a water distribution amount to each field, and a control means for operating each of the water supply devices based on the water distribution amount. . Further, the field irrigation system of the present invention is a field irrigation system that controls a water diversion device for separating water from a water source into a plurality of field areas to irrigate each field area including a plurality of sections. When the total irrigation water that can be used during the specified period is divided by the specified value for all the field areas and water is allocated to each field area, A water distribution amount determining means for determining a water distribution amount to each field region, by allocating preferentially or by allocating preferentially to a field region in a growing season susceptible to water shortage; And a control means for operating each of the water diversion devices based on the water distribution amount.

Further, the field irrigation system of the present invention comprises:
In a field irrigation system that controls a water diversion device for separating water from a water source into a plurality of field areas, and irrigates each field area including a plurality of sections, the field irrigation system performs a predetermined period for all the field areas. When the total available irrigation water is divided by a predetermined value and water is allocated to each field area, the water is allocated to each field area based on the quality of the results of prediction of the quality and yield of crops in each field area after water distribution. A field irrigation water management device having water distribution amount determining means for determining the water distribution amount and control means for operating each of the water diversion devices based on the water distribution amount is provided.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. As described above, the present invention is directed to irrigation management in a field area such as a paddy field or a field, but since irrigation management in a paddy field and irrigation management in a field are essentially the same, in this embodiment, In this section, only paddy fields will be explained as the target of irrigation management. By controlling the irrigation management of the field in exactly the same way, the same effect can be obtained. When irrigation management is performed for a field and a paddy field collectively, basically the same control is performed, except that the initial value of water distribution and a value used for calculation are different between the field and the paddy field.

FIG. 1 is an overall view of a large-scale paddy area to which the present invention is applied. Here, the irrigation water from the water source is appropriately distributed to a plurality of paddy areas and automatically supplied, and the irrigation water supplied to each paddy area is supplied to a plurality of terminal paddy fields in each area. It shows a paddy irrigation system with proper distribution and automatic water supply. The paddy field irrigation system shown in FIG. 1 includes a water pumping station 102 having a function of pumping water from a water source 101 by a water source pond 101 such as a river or a lake and pumping the water to a main system pipeline, and at least one from the water source pond 101. Mains pipeline 103 connected to the reservoirs of the country, a water diversion device 104 for dividing the water between one's own reservoir and another reservoir, and a reservoir 10 provided for each paddy area.
5. The pumping station 106, which pumps water from the reservoir 105 by a pump and pumps it to the water supply pipeline, and the reservoir 1
Water supply pipeline 10 that transports water from 05 to each paddy field
7, a water supply valve 108 controlled by a control signal from a computer to open and close the valve, a water level meter 109 installed in the paddy field for measuring the water level of the paddy field, an irrigation water having an antenna and a wireless transceiver It comprises a management computer 110 and a data transmission line 111 for transmitting and receiving data wirelessly via an antenna.

In the paddy field area to be managed, a plurality of terminal paddy fields 112 having the same water supply system are gathered to form a paddy field area 113.
, And a plurality of such paddy fields 113 gather to form a large-scale paddy field 114. As shown in FIG. 1, a reservoir 105 and a child pumping station 106 for pumping water from the reservoir 105 to a water supply pipeline 107 are installed upstream of each paddy area 113. The water supply pipeline 107 is connected to the child pumping station 106 and the paddy fields 112 in the area.
And a water supply valve 108 for supplying irrigation water sent through the water supply pipeline 107 to each paddy field 112 at the entrance of each paddy field 112. . A water level gauge 109 is installed in each paddy field 112. Child pumping station 106
In each of the water supply valves 108, the water supply amount and the valve operation amount are measured in each of the predetermined periods, and in the water level meter 109, the paddy water level is measured in the predetermined amount. Measurement is performed at each cycle, and the measurement data is transmitted to the computer 110 via the data transmission path 111. Here, the data transmission path 111 is described as being transmitted wirelessly, but if it is wired, it can also be transmitted by wire.

As shown in FIG. 1, a large-scale paddy area 114
A water source pond 101 and a main pumping station 102 for pumping water from the water source pond to the main system pipeline 103 are installed upstream of the water supply pond. A main pipeline 103 is laid to connect the main pumping station 102 and each reservoir 105, and in the middle thereof, irrigation water sent through the main pipeline 103 is supplied to each reservoir 105. A water diversion device 104 for distributing and supplying only a fixed amount is provided. In the main pumping station 102, the pump pumping amount and the pump operating amount are measured at the above-mentioned predetermined cycle, and
In this example, the amount of water allocated to each reservoir 105 is measured at each of the predetermined cycles, and the measured data is transmitted to the computer 110 via the data transmission path 111.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a computer which is a field irrigation water management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The computer 110 has a CPU as shown in FIG.
211, RAM 212, hard disk device 213, floppy (registered trademark) disk device 214, MO disk device 215, DVD device 216, CD-ROM device 2
17, a RAM card device 218, an input device 219, and a display device 220. The CPU 211 controls the operation of the whole paddy irrigation system, and
2. Determine the operation amount of control equipment such as each water separation device 104, each water pumping station 106, each water supply valve 108, and supply water to the reservoir 105 in each paddy area 113 and supply water to each terminal paddy 112. Is a central processing unit. RAM
A storage device 212 loads various processing programs and various data.

The hard disk device 213 is a storage device for storing the various processing programs 201 and 202 and the database 203 on a magnetic disk. Here, only the hard disk device 213 is shown in detail, but the floppy disk device 214 is also used for various processing programs 2.
01, 202, and a database 203 are recorded on and read from and written to a floppy disk. Similarly, the MO disk device 215 also has various processing programs 20
1, 202, and M in which the database 203 is recorded.
This is a device for reading and writing on an O disk (magneto-optical disk). The DVD device 216 is also a device that reads and writes a DVD (digital video disc) on which various processing programs 201 and 202 and a database 203 are recorded. The CD-ROM device 217 also stores various processing programs 201 and 202 and the database 20.
3 is a device for reading and writing a CD-ROM (compact disc) on which is recorded. RAM card device 2
Reference numeral 18 also denotes an apparatus for reading and writing a RAM card on which various processing programs 201 and 202 and a database 203 are recorded.

The input device 219 is a device for inputting characteristic data of each paddy field 112 necessary for execution of the optimal water distribution plan processing program 201, the amount of water available from the water source pond 101, and the like. The display device 220 displays a daily planned water distribution amount to each reservoir 105 and a daily planned water distribution amount to each terminal paddy field 112 calculated by the processing program 201, and various measurements such as a water level and a water supply amount in each paddy field 112. It is a device that displays data. Here, the processing programs 201 and 202 and the database 203
May be recorded in any of the above-mentioned storage media. Therefore, the following description will be made on an example in which only the hard disk device 213 reads and writes the recording medium.
In the computer 110, in order to maximize the yield of the large-scale paddy area 114 as a whole, optimal automatic water distribution from the water source pond 101 to each reservoir 105 and optimal automatic water supply to each paddy field 112 are performed. Do. This is because the processing program 201 stored in the hard disk device 213,
202 and the database 203 are loaded and stored in the RAM 212, and the following processes (1) and (2) corresponding to the respective processing programs 201 and 202 are sequentially executed by the CPU 211. The process (1) is a process of planning an optimal water distribution amount to each reservoir 105 and each paddy field 112, and the process (2) is a main pumping station 102 which is each facility device so as to realize the optimal water distribution. , The water distribution device 104, the child pumping station 106, and the water supply valve 108. Hereinafter, a method of executing the above processes (1) and (2) will be described.

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the optimal water distribution planning process showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram of a table showing damage rates of rice and its preconditions stored in the database of FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an optimal water distribution result to a plurality of paddy fields based on the optimal water distribution planning process according to the present invention. First, each reservoir 105 and each paddy field 1 realized by the optimal water distribution plan processing program
Regarding the process (1) for planning the optimal water distribution amount to 12,
This will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, if sufficient irrigation water is not available, even if some rice paddies are likely to have poor rice growth and reduced revenue, the rice paddy area as a whole will be able to improve rice growth and increase revenue. The following are guidelines for allocating irrigation water to multiple paddy fields that can be achieved. Water is allocated preferentially to paddy fields that are susceptible to water shortage during the growing season.
Water is allocated preferentially to undamaged paddy fields.

To explain the above, in each stage of the growth of rice, rice is susceptible to water shortage such as transplanting, booting, heading and flowering, and tillering and ripening. There are times when it is difficult to suffer from water shortages.
Therefore, preferentially allocating water to paddy fields at a time when water shortages are susceptible to damage is effective in reducing damage (ie, improving growth and increasing sales) in the entire paddy field. Also,
To explain the above, it is difficult to recover a paddy field that has been damaged once. Therefore, preferentially allocating water to undamaged paddy fields is effective in reducing damage in the paddy area as a whole. In the processing program 201, based on the above guidelines, at a predetermined time on the day, the daily pumping amount of the parent pumping station 102 from the water source pond 101 and the daily water distribution amount to each reservoir 105 (= each Daily pumping amount of the child pumping station 106 from the reservoir 105), 1 paddy field
Plan daily water allocation to 12 In the present embodiment, the processing program 201 is to be executed at a predetermined time on the day every five days. Therefore, the daily pumping amount and daily distribution amount for a total of five days from the day to four days ahead are planned. I do.

Referring to FIG. 3, an outline of the optimal water distribution planning process executed by the processing program 201 will be described. at first,
The optimal water distribution plan processing program 201 will be described. In this program 201, a request is made to the user via the display device 220 for input of data necessary for calculating the optimal water distribution amount (step 301). The user inputs from the following data input devices 219 (step 30).
2). The total amount of water that can be withdrawn from the water source pond 101 from the day to the four days ahead (the amount that can be used as irrigation water in the large-scale paddy area 114), the area of each paddy 112, the current water level of each paddy 112,・ Rice variety, growth stage, damage rate (0-100%) of rice in each paddy 112 on the day, ・ Daily water reduction depth of each paddy 112 up to four days ahead from the day, predicted value of daily average water temperature, ・ 4 from the day It is data such as a daily average temperature of each paddy area 113 up to the day ahead, a predicted value of daily rainfall, and the like. However, the forecast values of the daily average temperature and the daily rainfall may be obtained by directly importing the weather forecast data distributed by the Meteorological Agency into the computer 110. The predicted value of the daily average paddy water temperature may use a predetermined paddy water temperature prediction model, but in general, even if it is set to be several degrees higher than the daily average temperature,
There is no particular problem.

In the next step of the processing program 201, the daily water distribution amount (hereinafter referred to as solution) to each paddy field 112 from the current day to the next four days so that the total does not exceed the total available water amount from the water source pond 101. ) Is set (step 303). For example, the initial solution may be set so as to be equally distributed to each paddy field 112 every day. In the next step of the processing program 201, the rice damage rate of each paddy field corresponding to the solution set in step 303 or the solution determined in step 306 described later is calculated based on the rice damage rate database 203.
Further, the average rice damage rate of the entire large-scale paddy area 114 is calculated (step 304). As the paddy rice damage rate data stored in the database 203, know-how for calculating paddy rice damage caused by the quality of paddy water distribution is as follows:
It is stored in the IF-THEN format shown in FIG.

Here, damage to the growth and yield of rice is as follows:
It is caused not only by the water level of the paddy field but also by the temperature of the rice. Paddy water distribution changes the range of influence of air temperature / water temperature on rice. Therefore, in order to calculate the damage of paddy rice due to paddy water distribution, it is necessary to consider not only paddy water level conditions but also temperature conditions. Further, even under the same water level condition and temperature condition, the damage to the rice is different due to the difference in the variety and the growing time of the rice and the difference in the number of days of the above conditions. For example, there is a water management method called deep water irrigation as a method of improving temperature conditions on rice by water management and reducing the damage caused by cold damage. When the temperature is low enough to cause cold damage, the temperature at night is extremely low, whereas the water temperature is not so low even at night, and the average temperature per day tends to be higher than the temperature. Therefore, the rice field is protected from low-temperature damage by raising the paddy water level by deep-water irrigation and covering most of the rice with warmer water. In view of the above, in the antecedent part of the paddy rice damage rate data in the database 203, as shown in FIG.
Rice varieties, rice growing season, temperature, water temperature, water level,
The continuation days of the state are stored, and the expected damage rate (%) of rice corresponding to the antecedent part condition is stored in the consequent part. The specific values of the antecedent part condition and the consequent part damage rate are determined based on the experimental results by the agricultural research institute and the farmers' experiences.

The specific processing of step 304 is performed as follows. In each paddy field 112, step 302
The daily water distribution determined in step 303 or step 306 to be described later and the daily rainfall input in step 302 flow into the initial paddy water level input in step 4 from the current day, and the date input in step 302 Assuming that the water reduction depth flows out, the daily average water level of each paddy field 112 is predicted every day. Based on the above-mentioned daily average paddy water level in each paddy field 112, the rice varieties / growth time of the day inputted in step 302, the daily average temperature and the daily average water temperature four days ahead from the day,
A similar case is searched from the antecedent part condition of the paddy rice damage rate database 203, and the corresponding consequent part is determined as the damage rate for the undamaged portion of each paddy field 112. In each paddy field 112, in consideration of the fact that the initial damage rate input in step 302 originally existed, the finally estimated paddy rice damage rate in each paddy field 112 is calculated by the following equation (1). Damage rate = Initial damage rate + (100-Initial damage rate) x Damage rate to undamaged area ... (1) Finally, weighting according to the paddy area ratio of each paddy 112 By taking the average, the average rice damage rate of the entire large-scale paddy field 114 is calculated.

Next step 30 of the processing program 201
In step 5, the average paddy rice damage rate of the entire large-scale paddy field 114 corresponding to the latest solution is compared with the average paddy rice damage rate corresponding to the previous solution to determine the convergence of the solution. That is,
If the difference is less than the predetermined minute value, it is determined that convergence has been reached, and the process proceeds to step 307. However, in the first convergence determination, since there is only the initial solution set in step 303, the process unconditionally proceeds to step 306. In step 306, the initial solution set in step 303 or step 30 is set so that the average paddy rice damage rate of the large-scale paddy region 114 as a whole decreases.
Correct the solution determined in step 6. For this, an appropriate nonlinear optimization method such as a downhill Simplex method may be used. Note that the downhill Simplex method is the method of setting the number of dimensions of a solution (in this case, the number of paddy fields to be allocated) +1 solution (allocation plan) in a solution (allocation plan) space, and evaluating an evaluation value ( In this case, calculate the average rice damage rate)
The worst solution with the highest damage rate is folded back (reflection) on the opposite side of the center of gravity of the remaining solution, or folded back twice (dilation) on the opposite side of the center of gravity of the remaining solution. This method is to improve the worst solution and repeat this to finally reach the optimal solution ("NUMERICAL"
RECIPES in C ”published by Technical Review Company).

Steps 304 to 304 are repeated until the solution converges.
Repeat 306. The finally obtained solution, that is, the daily water distribution amount to each paddy field 112 from the day to the four days ahead is integrated for each paddy area every day, and the water source from the day to the next four days is added. Daily pumping amount of the parent pumping station 102 from the pond 101,
The daily water distribution amount to each reservoir 105 (= the daily pumping amount of the child pumping station 106 from each reservoir 105) and the daily water distribution amount to each paddy field 112 are calculated and displayed to the user as the planned amount ( Step 307). In this way, first, the initial value of the daily water distribution to each paddy field is appropriately set in step 303, and then the damage rate is calculated in step 304,
If the convergence does not occur in step 05, the water distribution amount is changed in step 306 to change the damage rate to a small value, and this process is repeated to minimize the damage rate and converge.

Next, an example of the optimum water distribution result by the above-described method is shown in FIG. Here, assuming the arrival of cold damage to a plurality of paddy fields of 1 ha × 30 sheets, with a daily average temperature of 15 ° C., a daily average water temperature of 18 ° C., and a daily rainfall of 0 mm from the day to the next four days, and four days from the day. Water was distributed so that the total amount of water available to date was 21,000 tons (average of 70 mm per paddy field) so that the damage of paddy rice in the entire paddy area was minimized. In order to make it easier to grasp the tendency of optimal water distribution, 30 paddy fields are numbered from 1 to 30 (see paddy field numbers on the horizontal axis). : Need for deep water irrigation is high), 11-30
The paddy field was set to be in the middle of the booting period (cold damage danger period: the need for deep water irrigation is normal), and only the paddy fields 21 to 30 had already been damaged by 20% of rice.

In FIG. 5, the height of the bar graph indicates the optimal distribution result (water depth conversion) to each paddy field. As indicated by the water distribution guideline of the present invention described above, water is preferentially distributed to the 1st to 10th paddy fields at the most dangerous stage of cold damage, and as indicated by the water distribution guideline, growth damage has already occurred. Almost no water is distributed to the 21st to 30th paddy fields received, and as a result, it is understood that the water distribution guideline has been properly executed. In FIG. 5, □ indicates the damage rate of each paddy field at the time of optimal distribution, and 〇 indicates the damage rate of each paddy field at the time of equal distribution (each paddy field is 70 mm). As is clear from this, the priority is given to water distribution in the 1st to 10th rice fields, which are in the most danger period of cold damage. Therefore, it is possible to avoid cold damage to some extent, and to reduce the growth damage of rice by about 30% compared with equal distribution. I was able to plan. As a result, the average damage rate of rice paddy in the case of optimal distribution is 34.6%, compared to the average damage rate of paddy in the case of 38.4% in the case of equal distribution. I have.

As described above, the CPU 221 uses the processing program 201 to plan the optimal water distribution amount to each paddy area 113 and each paddy field 112. Next, a process (2) for automatically controlling the parent pumping station 102, the water separation device 104, the child pumping station 106, and the water supply valve 108, which is realized by the facility device control processing program 202, will be described with reference to FIG. I do. FIG. 6 is an operation flowchart of a facility device control processing program according to an embodiment of the present invention.
07 and 310 are performed by the CPU 211 of the field irrigation computer (water management apparatus) 110.
Each operation of 303 is performed by the pump of the parent pumping station 102, each operation of steps 305 and 306 is performed by the water diversion device 104, and each operation of steps 308 and 309 is performed by the child pumping station 10
The pump 6 performs the operations of steps 311 and 312 by the water supply valve 108 of each paddy field. Processing program 20
In the second step, each of the facility devices 102, 104, and 106 is executed after a predetermined time every day at the same timing as the data measurement cycle so as to realize the planned daily pumped water and the planned daily water distribution determined by the processing program 201. , 108 are determined, and a control signal is transmitted to each facility device.

In the processing program 202, first,
The daily planned pumping amount of the parent pumping station 102 from the water source pond 101 on the day is compared with the actual amount of the total pumping amount of the parent pumping station 102 measured at the parent pumping station 102 up to the day (step 301). If the planned quantity> the actual quantity, the pump operation of the parent pumping station 102 is performed (step 302), and if the planned quantity ≦ the actual quantity, the pump operation of the parent pumping station 102 is stopped (step 303). As a result, irrigation water corresponding to the daily planned pumping amount is taken from the water source pond 101 and supplied to the large-scale paddy field area 114.

In the next step of the processing program 202, the daily water allocation to each reservoir 105 on the day and the total water allocation to each reservoir 105 measured by each water diversion device 104 up to the current day are measured. Compare the actual amount (Step 30)
4) If the planned amount is greater than the actual amount, the remaining daily planned water distribution amount (= daily planned water distribution amount−actual amount) not yet supplied for each reservoir 105 is calculated. Then, the respective water diversion devices 104 are controlled so as to supply water in proportion to the respective water distribution remaining amounts (step 30).
5). If the planned amount ≦ the actual amount, the corresponding water diversion device 104 is controlled so as to stop the water supply to the reservoir 105 (step 306). As a result, irrigation water for the daily planned water distribution amount is supplied to each reservoir 105.

In the next step of the processing program 202, the daily planned pumping amount of each sub-pumping station 106 from each reservoir 105 on that day (= the daily planned water distribution amount to each reservoir 105 on that day) and each sub-pumping station 106 Is compared with the actual amount of the total pumping amount of the sub pumping station 106 measured up to the present day (step 307). If the planned amount> the actual amount, the pump operation of the corresponding sub pumping station 106 is performed (step 307). 3
08), if the planned quantity ≦ the actual quantity, the pump operation of the corresponding sub pumping station 106 is stopped (step 309). As a result, irrigation water corresponding to the daily planned pumping amount is pumped from each reservoir 105 and supplied to each terminal paddy field 112.

In the next step of the processing program 202, the daily planned water distribution amount to each paddy field 112 on the day and the actual amount of the total water supply amount to each paddy field 112 measured by each water supply valve 108 up to the current day. (Step 31)
0), if planned quantity> actual quantity, the corresponding water supply valve 1
08 is opened (step 311), and if the planned amount ≦ the actual amount, the corresponding water supply valve 108 is closed (step 312). As a result, irrigation water corresponding to the daily planned water distribution amount is supplied to each terminal paddy field 112.

As described above, in the CPU 221, the processing program 202 is executed by the processing program 202.
Automatic control of each facility equipment 102, 104, 106, 108 is performed so that the optimal water distribution planned in 1 is realized. As mentioned above, according to an embodiment of the present invention,
Even in paddy fields where a sufficient amount of irrigation water is not available, by planning in advance the appropriate water distribution to each paddy field and paddy fields, and controlling each facility equipment to realize the above water distribution In this way, paddy irrigation is possible to improve rice quality and increase yield in the whole rice paddy area. In the present invention, even when one field area including a plurality of fields is targeted, it is possible to improve the quality and increase the yield of the whole field area (corresponding to claims 1 to 3). Therefore, even when the field area is targeted, the quality as a whole field area can be improved and the yield can be increased (corresponding to claims 4 and 5).

[0034]

As described above, according to the present invention,
When sufficient irrigation water is not available, water is allocated preferentially to growing rice fields that are susceptible to water shortages. Although there is a possibility that a field will occur, the priority-allocated field is significantly less affected by water shortage, and it is possible to improve the quality and yield of crops in the entire large-scale paddy field. In addition, since water is allocated preferentially to undamaged fields, excess water is no longer allocated to fields where crops are already damaged and sufficient harvest cannot be expected. Since the irrigation water can be effectively used for other fields, it is possible to improve the quality and yield of crops in the large-scale field area as a whole.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a paddy irrigation system to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the inside of a computer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an operation flowchart of an optimum water distribution plan processing program showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a database storing rice damage rates and their preconditions.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an optimal water distribution result to a plurality of paddy fields based on the optimal water distribution planning process of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an operation flowchart of a facility device control processing program showing one embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

101: water source reservoir, 102: parent pumping station, 103: main pipeline, 104: water diversion device, 105: reservoir, 1
06 ... child pumping station, 107 ... water supply pipeline, 108
... water supply valve, 109 ... water level gauge, 110 ... computer, 111 ... data transmission line, 112 ... paddy field, 113 ... paddy field area, 114 ... large-scale paddy field area, 220 ... display device,
211: CPU, 212: RAM, 219: Input device,
213: Hard disk, 214: FD, 215: M
O, 216 ... DVD, 217 ... CD-ROM, 218 ...
RAM card, 201: optimal water distribution plan processing program, 202: facility equipment control processing program, 203: paddy rice damage rate database.

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Teruji Sekozawa 1099 Ozenji Temple, Aso-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside System Development Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshifumi Abe 5-2-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Hitachi, Ltd. Omika Plant (72) Inventor Nobuhide Ouchi 5-2-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Hitachi, Ltd. Omika Plant (72) Inventor Masakatsu Ishibotsu Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 6-chome, Hitachi Systems Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Ken Murata Ken, Toranomon Marin Bldg., 3-18-19 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 10

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A field irrigation system that controls a water supply device installed for each field in a field area consisting of a plurality of sections to irrigate each field, wherein the field area can be used during a predetermined period. The total water for irrigation by a predetermined value, and water distribution amount determining means for respectively determining the water distribution amount to each field when distributing to each field; and the water supply devices based on the water distribution amount. A field irrigation system comprising a field irrigation water management device having control means for operating the field irrigation water. 2. A field irrigation system for irrigating each field by controlling a water supply device installed for each field in a field area composed of a plurality of sections, wherein the field area can be used during a predetermined period. When the total irrigation water is divided by a predetermined value and allocated to each field, water should be allocated preferentially to the field where good crop quality and yield are expected, or the effect of water shortage should be considered. Water distribution amount determining means for deciding the water distribution amount to each field by preferentially allocating water to the field at the growing season which is easy to receive, and operating each of the water supply devices based on the water distribution amount. A field irrigation system comprising a field irrigation water management device having control means for causing the field irrigation. 3. A field irrigation system for irrigating each field by controlling a water supply device installed for each field in a field area including a plurality of sections, wherein the field area can be used during a predetermined period. When the total irrigation water is divided by a predetermined value and water is distributed to each field, the amount of water distributed to each field is determined based on the quality of the prediction results such as the quality and yield of the crop in each field after the water distribution. A field irrigation system comprising: a field irrigation water management device having a water distribution amount determining means for determining the water distribution amount and a control means for operating each of the water supply devices based on the water distribution amount. 4. A field irrigation system for controlling a water diversion device for separating water from a water source to a plurality of field areas to irrigate each field area including a plurality of sections, wherein: When the total irrigation water available during the specified period is divided by the specified value and water is allocated to each field area, priority is given to field areas where good crop quality and yield are expected. Water allocation amount determining means for determining the amount of water allocated to each field region, or by prioritizing the allocation to the field regions during the growing season susceptible to the water shortage; A field irrigation system comprising: a field irrigation water management device having control means for operating each of the water diversion devices based on the above. 5. A field irrigation system for controlling a water diversion device for separating water from a water source into a plurality of field areas and irrigating each of the plurality of field areas, comprising: When the total irrigation water available during the predetermined period is divided by a predetermined value and water is distributed to each field area, the quality and yield of the crops in each field area after water distribution are evaluated based on the quality of the prediction results. Field irrigation water management device having water distribution amount determination means for determining the water distribution amount to each field area, and control means for operating each water diversion device based on the water distribution amount. And the field irrigation system.