JP2001269135A - Nutritional composition capable of promoting body protein accumulation efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a nutritional composition in the form of a highly safe pharmaceutical preparation, food/drink or feed, excellent in the accumulative effect promotive action for the body protein among proteins taken in the human body and the level-up promotive action for short-chain fatty acids or butyric acid in the large intestine. SOLUTION: This nutritional composition as a physiologically active composition contains sparingly digestible carbohydrates (oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides) or a material containing them (a soluble fraction obtained by adjusting to pH 5.5-8.5 a polar solvent extract derived from citrus fruits, squeezed juice residues therefrom or the like).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a natural nutritional composition having an excellent action such as a function of conserving protein and enhancing an efficiency of accumulating body protein, and is used as a food and drink, a medicine, a feed and the like. Available.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Living organisms not only require proteins as an energy source but also need to take proteins from outside the body as materials for producing and maintaining proteins unique to living organisms. Proteins are not only the main constituents of living organisms, but also enzymes that catalyze almost all of the many chemical reactions that take place inside and outside the cells that constitute living organisms. Antibodies, which play a major role in immune phenomena, are also proteins, and many of the hormones that regulate life phenomena are also proteins. In this way, proteins can be said to have all the main functions of living organisms, and proteins have many functions and types, and are important nutrients for maintaining the living body.

[0003] In mature animals, it has been revealed that the body proteins that constitute and regulate the living body are in a dynamic equilibrium in which synthesis and degradation are constantly repeated and a constant amount is maintained while performing so-called turnover. I have. That is, under normal conditions, the amount of nitrogen ingested as a protein and the amount of nitrogen used, catabolized, and excreted in the living body are equal, and a so-called nitrogen balance is maintained. At the time of invasion such as injury or the like, biological proteins are consumed. It is necessary to replenish a sufficient amount of protein at the time of recovery from a pathological condition in which biological proteins are consumed or at the time of postoperative surgical invasion, which is why an oral nutritional supplement with higher protein is required.

[0004] Conventionally, it has been considered that undernutrition, particularly low protein and low energy intake, causes serious obstacles to the development of various body functions and the development of various biological functions in a growing child. With the aging of the population, a decrease in total food consumption not only during disease states but also due to a decrease in taste and chewing ability has led to an undernutrition of the elderly, which is characterized by low protein and low energy.

[0005] The amount of body protein synthesized per unit body weight measured by Young et al. In 1975 was 17.4 in neonates.
g / kg / day, which is extremely high and rapidly decreases with growth, but is synthesized at a rate of 1.9 g / kg / day even in the elderly. Therefore, even in the elderly, in order to maintain the body protein pool at a constant level, it is necessary to take 1.9 g / kg / day or more of protein. In addition, FAO / WHO / UNU (Food and Agriculture Organization, World
Health Organization, United Nations University) The joint committee conducts a nitrogen balance test on healthy elderly volunteers aged 56 to 80 to find the amount of high quality protein necessary for nitrogen balance, Considering the safety factor against stress, the safety factor regarding individual differences, etc., the required amount of protein for the elderly was reported to be 1.0 to 2.25 g / kg / day. In contrast, the actual protein intake of the elderly is 0.7
5-0.8 g / kg / day was reported (1985 UN FAO / WHO / UNU).

[0006] As described above, at present, the protein intake of the elderly in Japan and overseas is less than the required amount, and the development of an effective supplemental nutritional food for the undernutrition mainly of the low protein intake of the elderly has recently been developed. It is strongly desired. Given the aging society in the future, the demand for such nutritional supplements is expected to increase further.

As described above, the necessity and importance of protein intake are firm, but in order to maintain the living body, the living body gives top priority to securing energy in all cases. Living organisms obtain energy from carbohydrates (carbohydrates), lipids, and proteins. Therefore, if the energy intake is less than the required amount, the protein intake is also used as an energy source. Proteins are broken down into amino acids and deaminated, and the carbon skeleton serves as an energy source. At this time, cytotoxic ammonia is generated from the amino group which has been separated from the amino acid and is not reused. Normally produced ammonia with normal liver function is rapidly converted to urea in the liver and detoxified, and most is excreted via blood into urine and partly into feces.

One of the causes of hyperammonemia in a condition in which the detoxification or excretion of ammonia does not proceed smoothly due to a decrease in liver function or a liver disorder or a kidney function disorder, and thus severe coma. It can be. Therefore, attention should be paid to high protein supplementation during the illness or in the elderly with reduced liver and kidney function.

[0009] After sugar (carbohydrate) intake, insulin secretion increases. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis while promoting amino acid uptake primarily in muscle.
As a result, the amino acid concentration in blood decreases, while the activity of hepatic amino acid degrading enzymes also decreases due to ingestion of high saccharides (carbohydrates), thereby decreasing urinary nitrogen excretion. From these phenomena, it is known that saccharides (carbohydrates) have a function of suppressing the use of protein as an energy source, that is, have a protein-saving effect. Restricted energy intake increases urinary nitrogen excretion, and conversely, supplementing low-energy foods with sugars (carbohydrates) and lipids improves nitrogen balance. It has been reported that 1-3 mg of nitrogen accumulates in humans with each increase in 1 kcal intake. This nitrogen-saving effect is very effective when supplementing carbohydrates is delayed by 5 to 6 hours from a normal diet, and it is said that carbohydrates (carbohydrates) are slightly more effective than lipids.

[0010] As described above, if a dietary supplement capable of effectively accumulating supplemental proteins supplemented by foods and drinks in the body as body proteins can be provided, invasion of injuries and the like in which body proteins are significantly consumed can be provided. It is possible to reduce the burden on the liver and kidneys due to the supply of protein for the nutritional management during the disease condition and post-operative period, or in the disease condition with reduced liver function or renal function or for the elderly. There is a need for the development of a composition that can be administered orally and enterally that can increase the protein accumulation efficiency.

On the other hand, as the consumption of citrus juice such as orange juice increases, a large amount of juice cake including pericarp is produced as a by-product in the manufacturing process. They are usually discarded because they do not exist. Juice cake is easily rotted, and effective treatment is strongly demanded in order to prevent pollution.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to meet the above-mentioned demands in the art.

[0013]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and the present inventors have paid attention to the action of indigestible carbohydrates in the intestine. In other words, indigestible oligosaccharides or polysaccharides (foodstuffs) that are not digested and absorbed by digestive enzymes from the mouth to the small intestine reach the large intestine, and acetic acid, propionic acid,
Some are metabolically converted to short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid and other organic acids. Among the short-chain fatty acids produced from carbohydrates by colonic bacteria, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc. are rapidly absorbed from the large intestine, part of which is used as an energy source for colonic epithelial cells, and part of the whole body We focused on the point of entering the energy pool.

As a result of a test using rats, the present inventors have found that such indigestible oligosaccharides or polysaccharides (foodstuffs) from which organic acids are produced in the large intestine also have a protein-saving effect. In addition, he clarified the new fact that the body protein accumulation efficiency of the ingested protein can be improved. In the present invention, based on this new fact, a search was made for natural materials having a protein-saving effect or a storage-efficiency-enhancing effect. As a result, these effects were found in citrus juice residues.

[0015] That is, the present inventors have studied from various aspects, and have noticed that citrus juice residue and its extract can be a source of foodstuffs. The present inventors gave rats an extract from the orange juice residue of Unzhou,
It was discovered for the first time that body protein accumulation efficiency per ingested protein and body protein accumulation efficiency per absorbed protein were increased. In addition, they also found that the rats fed the extract extract of Satsuma mandarin juice reduced fat accumulation.

The present invention has been completed as a result of further studies based on these novel findings, and short-chain fatty acids are produced by colonic bacteria in nutritional supplements intended for nutritional supplementation, especially for protein supplementation. By mixing an indigestible oligosaccharide or polysaccharide (food fiber) or a citrus juice residue or an extract thereof as a source thereof, it becomes possible to increase the body protein accumulation efficiency of the protein in the composition. It also makes it possible to promote an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine and an increase in the concentration of butyric acid in the large intestine. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

As the indigestible saccharide used in the present invention, one or two or more indigestible oligosaccharides or indigestible polysaccharides are used.
More than one species can be used together. Examples of the former include maltooligosaccharides such as maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose, as well as fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, glucuronic acid-containing oligosaccharides, and the like. Examples of the latter include agar, sodium alginate, konjac mannan, pectin, guar gum, carrageenan, gum arabic, locust bean gum, tragacanth gum, and others. In addition, in the present invention, those used as dietary fiber (dietary fiber) can also be appropriately used as an indigestible saccharide.

In the present invention, it has been newly discovered that in addition to indigestible carbohydrates, it is also possible to use the contents thereof, and as described above, a useful new citrus juice residue can be used as an indigestible polysaccharide. Obtained knowledge.

In this case, to produce the composition according to the present invention, the citrus raw material is extracted with a polar solvent. As the citrus raw material, at least one of citrus fruit, squeezed cake (residue of squeezed juice), pericarp, mesocarp, and carcinoma membrane is used, and a mixture of two or more of these can also be used. The raw material is cut, crushed, crushed, crushed,
It may be a processed product that has been subjected to processes such as concentration and drying.

The citrus fruits used in the present invention are not limited, and commercially available oranges, limes, grapefruits, lemons, summer tangerines, sweet summer tangerines, daidai, navel, bontan, pomelo, vanpeille, kumquat, yuzu,
It includes all citrus fruits such as kabosu and sudachi as well as unshu mandarin oranges.

The citrus raw material is extracted with a polar solvent. The extraction is performed at 0 ° C. to room temperature to the boiling point, usually at normal temperature, and the extraction time is 5 minutes.
Minutes to 24 hours. No harmful effects are observed even if the extraction is performed for a longer time. The extraction may be either standing or stirring.

Examples of polar solvents include alcohols such as water and ethanol; glycerin; glacial acetic acid; ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; Examples thereof include halogenated hydrocarbons. These solvents are just one
Seeds may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination. Preferred examples of the polar solvent include highly safe water and ethanol.

The pH of the polar solvent extract is adjusted to 5.5 to 8.5, preferably 6 to 8 using an acid or an alkali. When water is used as the polar solvent, the pH of the extract is adjusted using a commonly used alkali such as calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide since the extract is slightly inclined toward the acidic side. In addition, for example, if extraction processing of a citrus raw material is performed using water to which these alkalis are added, extraction and pH adjustment can be performed simultaneously.

Next, the soluble fraction is fractionated from the pH-adjusted solution of the polar solvent extract. The fractionation may be performed according to a conventional method, and one or more methods of fractionating a soluble fraction by centrifugation, filtration (pressurized or reduced pressure), decantation and other methods are appropriately employed.

The soluble fraction thus obtained is used as it is or as a processed product thereof as an active ingredient of the composition according to the present invention. The processed product can be at least one of a concentrate, a paste, a dried product, an emulsion, and a diluted product. If necessary, the saccharide can be partially hydrolyzed by yeast and concentrated.

This soluble fraction (and / or its processed product)
Has an effect of increasing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine, in particular, butyric acid, in addition to the effect of accelerating the accumulation of body protein and the effect of conserving proteins, as is clear from the examples described later, like the indigestible saccharide. Therefore, the composition according to the present invention imposes management of protein intake in addition to foods and drinks, foods and drinks for specified health use, health drinks, health foods, nutritional foods, functional foods, and diet foods utilizing these effects. It can be used as a nutritional composition and other various foods and drinks for patients with pathological conditions, patients with reduced liver function, patients with reduced renal function or those who may be at risk of requiring such a diet. In addition, it can be used as a nutritional composition for elderly and sick persons whose energy intake is reduced due to reduced food intake due to masticatory disorders and dysphagia, and other types of foods and drinks. In addition, they can be used as pharmaceuticals such as drugs for preventing, ameliorating, and treating these diseases, symptoms, and conditions. Furthermore, this is not limited to food and drink for humans, but can be incorporated into feed for livestock meat and cultured fish, or used as a supplementary feed to promote efficient use of protein.

The amount of the active ingredient may be arbitrarily determined, but may be appropriately determined according to the purpose of use (prevention, health, or treatment), the age of the patient, the administration method, the dosage form, and the like. When using a concentrated concentrate, usually 0.0001 to 10%
Is appropriate. However, when taken for a long period of time for the purpose of health or maintenance of health, the amount may be smaller than the above range, and since the present active ingredient is originally a food, there is a problem in safety. Since it is not used, even if it is used in a larger amount than the above range, it may not be avoided at all.
As a result of a 10-day acute toxicity test using mice,
No deaths were observed with oral administration of 000 mg / kg.

When used as a food or beverage type composition, the present active ingredient can be used as it is, or can be used in combination with other foods or food ingredients in accordance with a conventional method. The composition according to the present invention using the present active ingredient,
It may be solid (powder, granule, etc.), paste, liquid or suspension, but it can be used as a health drink using sweeteners, acidulants, vitamins and other ingredients commonly used in the production of drinks. It is preferable to formulate.

When used as a pharmaceutical type composition, the active ingredient is administered in various forms. Examples of the administration form include tablets, capsules, granules, powders,
In addition to oral administration with syrups and lozenges, etc., administration with infusions, enteric solutions, rectal preparations and the like can be mentioned. These various preparations, excipients in the main drug according to the usual method,
The preparation can be made using known auxiliary agents usually used in the technical field of pharmaceutical preparations, such as a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a flavoring agent, a solubilizing agent, a suspending agent, and a coating agent. The amount used depends on the symptoms, age, weight, administration method and dosage form, etc., but usually, for adults,
In the case of oral administration, 0.1 to 2000 mg per day
It is appropriate to administer in 4 to 4 divided doses. Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.

[0030]

Example 1 One ton of Satsuma mandarin orange fruit was squeezed, and the pH was adjusted to 6-8 by adding 50 kg of water and 2 kg of calcium hydroxide to the lees (500 kg), followed by squeezing. 250 kg of juice was obtained. The juice is centrifuged (7
500G) to fractionate the soluble fraction, and then concentrate it under reduced pressure under heating to obtain 50 kg of a concentrated extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue.

[0031]

Example 2 Influence of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract on fermentation in the large intestine of rats (1) Breeding of experimental animals and test plot Approximately 57 g in weight, and 30 Wistar male rats, each 4 weeks old, were 10 rats each The following three test plots: untreated mandarin orange juice residue extract non-administration section (hereinafter referred to as control section), 20% added extract of Unshu mandarin orange juice residue extract (+20 test section), and 40% of Unzhou mandarin orange juice residue extract It divided into the addition section (+40 test section).
The rats in the control group were the same as the basal diet shown in Table 1,
Rats in the 20 and +40 test groups received 100 basal diets.
g of the extract extracted from the residue extract of Satsuma mandarin juice obtained in Example 1 for 20 days or 40 g, respectively, for 24 days. During the test period, the animals were kept alone in a metal cage with a metal floor in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C., and were allowed to freely ingest the test feed and drinking water. On the 24th day of breeding, the rats were sacrificed, and the cecum, which was the main site of fermentation in the large intestine, was removed from the rats, and the weight of the contents and the amount of organic acids were measured.

[0032]

(2) Test Results FIG. 1 shows the results of measurement of the amount of organic acids in the cecal contents of rats that have taken the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice obtained in Example 1. Each section represents the following.

Control group = section without addition of extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract, intake of basic feed shown in Table 1 for 24 days +20 test section: section with addition of 20% Satsuma mandarin juice extract residue, base indicated in table 1 Example 1 for 100 g of feed
Intake for 24 days was a feed mixed with 20 g of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract shown in Table 1. +40 test section: 40% Satsuma mandarin juice residue extract addition section, 100 g of basic feed shown in Table 1, Example 1
Ingested for 24 days the feed mixed with 40 g of Satsuma orange juice residue extract shown in

In the figure, the portions with white symbols a, b, and c (black portions above the bar graph) indicate n-butyric acid, and the portions with black symbols a, ab, and b on a white background (similarly below). Black part) indicates acetic acid. A, B: different alphabets indicate significantly different total organic acid contents in cecal contents (p <0.05). A, b, c: different alphabets indicate significantly different acetic acid contents in cecal contents, propion. The amount of acid or n-butyric acid was indicated (p <0.05).

As is evident from the above results, the total organic acid content in the cecal contents of rats increased to about 1.5 times that of the control group irrespective of the amount added, by ingestion of the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice. did. In particular, it serves as an energy source for colonic epithelial cells, and various effective physiological effects have been reported.
-The amount of butyric acid increased characteristically with the addition of the extract of Satsuma orange juice residue.

The increase in the amount of organic acids produced in the contents of the large intestine is a phenomenon that is observed when indigestible carbohydrates, so-called dietary fibers and indigestible oligosaccharides are ingested.
It is considered that organic acid was produced by part of the ingested extract of Unsatsu Mandarin orange juice, which was not digested and absorbed in the small intestine and flowed into the large intestine, and was metabolized by bacteria in the large intestine. It was clarified that the residue extract had characteristics as a food fiber in which organic acids are produced in the large intestine.

[0038]

Example 3 Influence of Extract of Satsuma Mandarin Juice Residue on Accumulation Efficiency of Body Protein in Rats (1) Breeding of Experimental Animals and Test Section Approximately 57 g of body weight, 10 Wistar male rats, each 4 weeks old, 10 rats each Each of the following three test plots: an unadministered section of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract (hereinafter referred to as a control section), a section to which 20% of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract was added (+20 test section), and an extract 40 of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue % (+40 test group). The rats in the control group were the basal feed itself shown in Table 1, and the rats in the +20 test group and the +40 test group were each 20 g of the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice obtained in Example 1 per 100 g of the basal feed. 24 with 40g of feed
They were bred for days. During the test period, the animals were kept individually in a metal cage on a metal floor in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C., and were allowed to freely ingest the test feed and drinking water, and the test feed intake was measured daily.

Breeding on a test diet From day 14 to day 21, all feces were collected, the crude protein content, crude lipid content, and crude ash content of the feed and feces were measured, and each component (protein, lipid, ash content) was measured. ) Was calculated.

On the 24th day of breeding, the animals were sacrificed, and all but the cecum (including whole blood and digestive tract) were slaughtered, homogenized after freezing, and the amounts of crude protein, fat and ash were measured. The body accumulation of each component during the test period was calculated by subtracting the carcass component amount of the rat extracted at the start of the breeding test from the carcass component amount at the end of the test.

(2) Test Results Table 2 shows the weight gain and feed efficiency of the animals during the test period.

Table 2: Weight gain and feed efficiency of animals during the test period ─────── +20 +40 One-way variance Control plot Test plot Test plot Analysis results (n = 10) (n = 10) (n = 10) (p) ──────────── ─────────────────────── Initial weight (g) 57.2 56.9 57.0 0.946 (± SD) (2.9) (1.6) (2.0) Weight gain (g) / 23 days) 170 166 157 0.009 (± SD) (4.8) (11.5) (8.8) Test food intake (g / 23 days) 364 440 472 <0.0001 (± SD) (10.0) (9.1) (18.4) Feed Efficiency (%) 46.7 37.7 33.2 <0.0001 (± SD) (1.3) (2.5) (0.9) ──────────────────────────── ───────

As shown in Table 2, despite the increase in feed intake, the increase in body weight was small due to the consumption of the extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue.

FIG. 2 shows proteins, FIG. 3 shows lipids and FIG.
Shows the body accumulation for 24 days during the ash test period. FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show the effect of intake of feed containing the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice residue on the accumulated amount of rat body components for 24 days. In the figure, FIG. 2 shows the amount of accumulated body protein (a, a,
b: statistically significant difference between different alphabets (p
<0.05)), FIG. 3 shows the amount of accumulated body fat, and FIG. 4 shows the amount of accumulated body ash. Each section represents the following.

Control group: group without Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract, intake of basic feed shown in Table 1 for 24 days +20 test group: group with 20% Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract, base shown in Table 1 Example 1 for 100 g of feed
Intake for 24 days was a feed mixed with 20 g of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract shown in Table 1. +40 test section: 40% Satsuma mandarin juice residue extract addition section, 100 g of basic feed shown in Table 1, Example 1
Ingested for 24 days the feed mixed with 40 g of Satsuma orange juice residue extract shown in

As is evident from the above results, the amount of body protein accumulation and the amount of ash accumulation were not different from those of the control group in the rats that took the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice residue, although the weight gain was small. . On the other hand, the amount of accumulated lipid tended to be small.

FIG. 5 shows the body protein accumulation efficiency per ingested protein. That is, FIG. 5 shows the effect of the intake of feed containing the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice residue on the efficiency of protein accumulation in the rat body per amount of protein consumed for 24 days. In addition, in the figure, a, b: There is a statistically significant difference between different alphabets (p <0.05). Each section represents the following.

Control group: Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract-free group, ingestion of the basic feed shown in Table 1 for 24 days +20 test group: 20% Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract-added group, base shown in Table 1 Example 1 for 100 g of feed
Intake for 24 days was a feed mixed with 20 g of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract shown in Table 1. +40 test section: 40% Satsuma mandarin juice residue extract addition section, 100 g of basic feed shown in Table 1, Example 1
Ingested for 24 days the feed mixed with 40 g of Satsuma orange juice residue extract shown in

FIG. 6 shows the body protein accumulation efficiency per absorbed protein calculated from the apparent digestion and absorption of the ingested protein obtained from the 14th to 21st days of breeding. That is, FIG. 6 shows the effect of the intake of feed containing the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice residue on the rat body protein accumulation efficiency per apparent amount of absorbed protein for 24 days. In addition, in the figure, a, b: There is a statistically significant difference between different alphabets (p <0.05). Each section represents the following.

Control group: group without Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract, ingestion of basic feed shown in Table 1 for 24 days +20 test group: group with 20% Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract, base shown in Table 1 Example 1 for 100 g of feed
Intake for 24 days was a feed mixed with 20 g of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract shown in Table 1. +40 test section: 40% Satsuma mandarin juice residue extract addition section, 100 g of basic feed shown in Table 1, Example 1
Ingested for 24 days the feed mixed with 40 g of Satsuma orange juice residue extract shown in

From these results, it was clarified that ingestion of the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice residue enhances the efficiency of body protein accumulation of the ingested protein. In addition, the body protein accumulation efficiency per apparent digestion and absorption of the ingested protein was also increased by ingestion of the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice.

[0052]

Example 4 Influence of Indigestible Sugar on Accumulation Efficiency of Body Protein in Rats (1) Test Method Twenty-eight 28-week-old Wistar male rats, each in the following four test groups: Untreated group (hereinafter, control group),
It was divided into an agar-added group, a fructooligosaccharide-added group and a galacto-oligosaccharide-added group. The rats in the control group had the basal feed itself shown in Table 3 below, and the rats in the agar-added group, the fructooligosaccharide-added group and the galacto-oligosaccharide-added group had 100 g of the basal feed with each of the indigestible sugars, ie, agar and galacto-oligosaccharide. A test feed to which 6 g of sugar or fructooligosaccharide was added was fed and raised for 30 days.

(Table 3) Table 3: Composition of basic feed ────────────────────────── Composition (g / kg basic feed) ─── ─────────────────────── Casein 250 corn starch 585 corn oil 10 lard 80 cholesterol 5 cellulose 10 mineral mixed * 50 vitamin mixed * 10 ─────────────────────── ──────────────────── * AIN-76 formulation

The rats in the test groups other than the control group were allowed to freely ingest. The rats in the control group were fed a diet restricted to about 100/106 of the food intake of the animals in the indigestible carbohydrate-added group,
The animals were fed so that the amount of basal feed was almost equal in each group. During the test period, the animals were kept individually in a metal cage on a metal floor in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C.

After completion of the breeding test, cervical vessels were cut and blood was released, and the carcass excluding the liver and cecum was homogenized and analyzed for the amount of body protein. The amount of body protein was calculated by multiplying the amount of nitrogen measured by the Kjeldahl method by a protein coefficient of 6.25. The amount of body protein accumulation was calculated by sacrificing rats at the start of the test in the same manner as at the end of the test in the test group, obtaining the measured average value of the amount of body protein per body weight, and subtracting it from the amount of body protein at the end of the test. . The body protein accumulation efficiency is calculated by calculating the percentage of body protein accumulation per protein intake during the test period.

(2) Test Results FIG. 7 shows the body protein accumulation efficiency of rats fed a diet containing 6% of indigestible carbohydrate (agar, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide) for 30 days. Each section represents the following.

Control: Intake of the basic feed shown in Table 3 for 30 days. Agar group: A feed obtained by adding 6 g of agar to 100 g of the basic feed shown in Table 3 was ingested for 30 days. Fructooligosaccharide group: Feed obtained by adding 6 g of fructooligosaccharide to 100 g of the basic feed shown in Table 3 for 30 days. Galacto-oligosaccharide group: Feed obtained by adding 6 g of galacto-oligosaccharide to 100 g of the basic feed shown in Table 3. Take for 30 days.

In the figure, there is a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between different alphabets, and the somatic protein accumulation efficiency (A) is represented by the following equation. A = B / C where A: body protein accumulation efficiency B: body protein accumulation amount C: intake protein amount

FIG. 7 shows the body protein accumulation efficiency per ingested protein amount of rats bred on an indigestible sugar-added diet. As is clear from the above results, agar or galactooligosaccharide or fructooligosaccharide ( By adding 6% of Meioligo P (trade name of Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.), the body protein accumulation efficiency of rats was increased.

[0060]

Example 5 Comparison of Body Protein Accumulation Efficiency and Body Fat Accumulation Efficiency During Ingestion of Sucrose or Indigestible Oligosaccharide Conventionally, digestible sugars such as sucrose and starch consume protein as an energy source. That saves
In this test, which is known to accumulate body nitrogen components, the body protein accumulation efficiency and body fat accumulation efficiency due to ingestion of two indigestible sugars (galactooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides) were compared with sucrose.

(1) Test method Golden hamsters (3-4 weeks old, male) were fed test foods shown in Table 4 below for 31 days and bred. The animals in the basal diet restricted group had about 90% of the food consumption of the animals in the oligosaccharide added group.
%. Animals other than the basal diet restricted group were allowed to freely ingest.

(Table 4) Table 4: Composition of experimental feed 1) Basic feed 組成 Composition (g / kg feed) ─ ──────────────────────── Casein 250 Corn starch 483 Soybean oil 80 Cellulose 100 Mineral mixture * 60 Vitamin mixture * 20 DL-methionine 4 Choline bitartrate 3 ──────────────────────── * AIN-76 blended 2) Experimental sample ───────────────── ─────────────────── Test area Basic feed Sucrose Fructooligosaccharide Galactooligosaccharide Restriction (control) ─────────────────基礎 Basic feed 100 100 100 100 100 Sucrose -10-- Rakutoorigo sugar - - 10 - Karakutoorigo sugar - - - 10 ────────────────────────────────────

After the rearing test, the carcasses excluding the forestomach and cecum were homogenized and analyzed for body components (water, ash, nitrogen, and crude fat). The amount of body protein was calculated by multiplying the amount of nitrogen measured by the Kjeldahl method by a protein coefficient of 6.25.
At the start of the test, animals were sacrificed in the same manner as at the end of the test in the test group, and the average values of the amount of body protein and lipid per body weight were determined. It was calculated by subtracting from the measured value. The accumulation efficiency of body protein or lipid was calculated as the percentage of accumulation per protein or lipid intake during the test period.

(2) Test Results A phenomenon that body protein accumulation efficiency was increased by ingesting oligosaccharides was also confirmed in hamsters. FIG. 8 shows the increased protein accumulation efficiency and lipid accumulation efficiency due to the addition of sugar. That is, the body protein accumulation efficiency and the body lipid accumulation efficiency per added sugar intake of hamsters fed a feed in which 10 g of sucrose, fructooligosaccharide or galacto-oligosaccharide was added to 100 g of a basal feed containing 10% of cellulose were shown. .
The body protein accumulation efficiency (D) and body lipid accumulation efficiency (K) per ingested added sugar are represented by the following equations, respectively.

D = [E− (F × G)] / H K = [L− (M × G)] / H where E: body protein accumulation F: average protein accumulation efficiency in basal feed restricted group G: basic Feed intake H: Supplementary sugar intake L: Body lipid accumulation M: Average lipid accumulation efficiency in the basal diet restricted section

As is clear from the above results (in the figure, the numbers attached to the bar graph indicate the body component accumulation efficiency of fructooligosaccharide and galactooligosaccharide when the body component accumulation efficiency of sucrose is 100). The protein accumulation efficiency is about 1.3 times that of sucrose by the addition of galactooligosaccharide, which is an oligosaccharide of the present invention, and about 2.3 times that of sucrose by addition of fructooligosaccharide, which is also an indigestible oligosaccharide. Was raised. Conversely, the lipid accumulation efficiency of both indigestible oligosaccharides was about 1/5 that of sucrose.

[0067]

Example 6 Influence of Indigestible Sugar on Energy Consumption in Body Energy Source (Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat) The addition of fructooligosaccharide to the feed as an indigestible sugar was calculated from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion. The effect of each energy source on the change over time was investigated.

(1) Test method Adult male Wistar rats contain 12% casein as a protein source, 55% corn starch, 4% corn oil, 6% lard, 7% minerals, 3% vitamins and 5% cellulose. The animals were bred for 5 days on a feed obtained by adding sucrose or fructooligosaccharide to the basic feed at 8%.

Thereafter, the animals were fasted for 20 hours and then housed in a respiratory metabolism test apparatus. Two hours after the accommodation, rats in the sucrose-added feed group were given an aqueous glucose solution (0.5 g / m2).
l) Rats in the indigestible oligosaccharide-added feed group were orally administered with 2 ml of an aqueous fructooligosaccharide solution (0.5 ml / ml). Exhaled air was collected every hour until the 10th hour from the start of the aqueous sugar solution administration, and every 2 hours thereafter until the 22th hour. Urine was collected every 5 hours. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide generation were measured, and changes over time in energy source (carbohydrate, protein, fat) consumption were examined using the amount of nitrogen excreted in urine.

(2) Test Results FIG. 9 shows the results of calculating the respiratory ratio from the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of carbon dioxide generated, and calculating the calorific value from carbohydrates. That is, after breeding rats for 5 days on a test feed containing 8% sucrose or fructooligosaccharide, the rats were fasted for 22 hours, a glucose aqueous solution (0.5 g / ml) was added to the sucrose group, and a fructooligosaccharide was added to the indigestible oligosaccharide group. Sugar aqueous solution (0.5g / m
l) 2 ml was administered orally. After administration of the sugar solution, exhaled breath and urine were collected with time, and the excretion protein respiratory ratio was calculated. The change in the calorific value derived from carbohydrate with time was shown.

FIG. 10 shows the calorific value from the protein calculated from the urinary nitrogen excretion. That is, after breeding rats for 5 days on a test feed containing 8% sucrose or fructooligosaccharide, the rats were fasted for 22 hours, a glucose aqueous solution (0.5 g / ml) was added to the sucrose group, and a fructooligosaccharide was added to the indigestible oligosaccharide group. 2 ml of a sugar aqueous solution (0.5 g / ml) was orally administered. After administration of the sugar solution, urine was collected over time and the amount of nitrogen excreted was measured to show the change over time in the calorific value derived from protein.

As is evident from the above results, a sharp increase in carbohydrate-derived heat production was observed within 1 to 2 hours after administration of the aqueous glucose solution, and returned to the level before administration after 5 to 6 hours. The dose of fructooligosaccharide, an indigestible oligosaccharide, did not show a sharp increase in calorific value as observed after glucose administration, but showed a gradual increase in calorific value from 5 hours to 12 hours. . On the other hand, when the change of the calorific value from the protein over time is compared between glucose and fructooligosaccharide, in the glucose aqueous solution administration group,
The calorific value from the protein began to increase gradually from 5 hours after the administration, after the peak of the exothermic heat derived from carbohydrates 1-2 hours after the sugar administration. On the other hand, in the fructooligosaccharide aqueous solution-administered group, the calorific value due to protein decreased from 5 hours after sugar administration, when the calorific value due to carbohydrate combustion gradually increased.

It is considered that such a reduction in protein consumption is a result of the fact that energy is gradually supplied over a long period of time by ingesting indigestible carbohydrates. This was thought to be caused by the gradual transfer of indigestible sugars to the lower gastrointestinal tract and the delicate balance between the production rate (organic acid) production rate and absorption process by the microbial digestion process.
From the above test results, it became clear that ingestion of indigestible carbohydrates saves protein burning.

[0074]

Example 7 One ton of Satsuma mandarin orange fruit was squeezed, and the pH was adjusted to 6 to 8 by adding 50 kg of water and 2 kg of calcium hydroxide to the lees (500 kg), followed by squeezing. 250 kg of juice was obtained as an extract of Satsuma orange juice residue. That is, this extract corresponds to a concentration of 1/5 of the extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue produced in Example 1.

[0075]

Example 8 100 g of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract obtained in Example 1, 150 g of saccharides, 15 g of honey, 1 g of ascorbic acid, 0.5 g of citric acid, 1 kg of perfume by adding appropriate amount of water
This was sterilized at 95 ° C. for 20 minutes, and 100 ml was aseptically filled into bottles to produce a food and drink type health drink.

[0076]

Example 9 200 g of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue extract obtained in Example 1, 5 g of tocopherol acetate, 10 g of thiamine nitrate
g, nicotinamide 20 g, anhydrous caffeine 50 g,
Deionized water was added to the appropriate amount of benzoate and perfume to make up to 30 L, sterilized, and then aseptically filled into 30 ml bottles,
Produced health drinks as pharmaceuticals.

[0077]

Example 10 Using the freeze-dried powder (1) of the extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue obtained in Example 1, tablets were produced with the following composition. (Blend) (1) 50 g of freeze-dried powder (2) 90 g of lactose (3) 29 g of corn starch (4) 1 g of magnesium stearate

(1), (2) and (3) (however, 17 g)
Was mixed and granulated with the paste prepared from (3) (but 7 g). (3) (However, 5 g)
And (4) are added and mixed well. This mixture is compressed by a compression tablet machine, and 50 mg of the active ingredient (1) is obtained per tablet.
1000 tablets were produced.

[0079]

Example 11 After dissolving 1.5 kg of the extract (residual concentrate) of Unshu mandarin orange juice residue obtained in Example 7 in 50 L of warm water,
4.5 kg of commercially available dextrin (manufactured by Matsuya Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
7. Commercially available indigestible dextrin (Matsuya Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
0 kg, commercially available vegetable oil / fat (manufactured by NOF Corporation) 3.0 k
g, vitamins and minerals were added, mixed and homogenized, adjusted to a total volume of 100 L, and sterilized by heating at 150 ° C. for 2 seconds to produce a liquid enteral nutritional supplement.

[0080]

Example 12 After dissolving 10.0 kg of the extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue (high concentration solution) obtained in Example 7 in 60 L of warm water, 6.6 kg of commercially available skim milk powder, 3.0 kg of sugar, and 4.0 kg of egg yolk. 5 kg, mandarin orange juice (rich) 4.5 kg, vitamins and minerals are added, mixed and homogenized, and the total amount is 100
L, and sterilized by heating at 140 ° C. for 3 seconds to produce a liquid nutritional supplement for the elderly.

[0081]

EXAMPLE 13 Granulation by adding 2 kg of the extract of the residue extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice obtained in Example 1, 58 kg of fish flour, 13 kg of corn flour, 4 kg of fish oil, 21 kg of flour as a binder, and vitamins and minerals. Produced a feed for fish farming. The resulting feed was useful as a feed for aquaculture of marine fish and shellfish such as Thailand, yellowtail, and flounder.

[0082]

Example 14 A feed for swine raising was produced by adding 1% of the extract extract of Unshu mandarin orange juice obtained in Example 1 to a commercially available feed of crude protein 18% -TDN80. This feed was particularly useful as a feed for piglets.

[0083]

As shown in the above test examples, as well as the protein-saving effect of carbohydrates such as sucrose and digestible starch which are conventionally known, indigestible saccharides and / or Satsuma mandarin orange containing the same are included. It has been clarified that the juice extract extract also has a protein-saving effect, and has an effect of increasing the body protein accumulation efficiency of ingested proteins and absorbed proteins. Both the protein-saving effect and the effect of increasing body protein accumulation efficiency are more effective than sucrose and starch.

By adding such an indigestible carbohydrate and / or a citrus-derived food material containing the same to a supplemental food or enteral nutrition for nutritional supplementation,
We can expect the effective use of ingested protein. That is, it is recognized that the present invention exerts a great effect on nutritional supplements, especially protein supplements and nutritional supplements in nutritional treatments for various diseases, particularly enteral nutritional supplements. In addition, in dietary treatments that impose energy restrictions, such as obese people who need weight restriction therapy and diabetic patients who need to restrict dietary intake, it is possible to effectively accumulate intake protein as body protein without losing body components It is a nutritional composition that is effective for maintaining various biological functions.

Also, by increasing the protein saving effect or the accumulation efficiency, the detoxification or excretion of ammonia, which is a metabolite of protein or amino acid and is known to be cytotoxic, can be reduced. In addition, it is possible to develop a nutritional supplement that can effectively supply protein while reducing the load on the liver and kidney during a disease state in which liver function or renal function is reduced or in the elderly.

Further, by ingesting the extract of the residue extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice, the amount of accumulated body fat can be reduced without impairing the amounts of body protein and body ash (bone components). This can provide an effective dietary supplement for diets that require restricted energy intake, including weight restriction in obese patients, which is thought to be the cause of lifestyle-related diseases that cause many complications. Further, a healthy diet food can be developed even for a healthy body.

Indigestible carbohydrates reach the large intestine without being digested and absorbed, are converted into short-chain fatty acids by bacteria in the large intestine, are absorbed, and are provided to the living body as an energy source. It is. Indigestible carbohydrates are converted into short-chain fatty acids and taken into the living body, and thus provide an energy source without a rapid rise in insulin. Therefore, this can be expected to provide effective nutritional supplementation even to a person suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes. As described above, the composition according to the present invention not only has an effect of increasing the body protein accumulation efficiency of the ingested protein, but also has a short-chain fatty acid in the large intestine (acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, It also has the effect of increasing the concentration of butyric acid in the large intestine and the like.

Furthermore, the action of increasing the body protein accumulation efficiency is effective not only for dietary supplements for maintaining human health and for dietary treatment in disease states, but also for improving the body protein accumulation efficiency of livestock animals and cultured fish. It is also possible to develop a feed that has it.

As an example of the present invention, an example was described in which an indigestible saccharide and an extract of Satsuma mandarin juice were used as test samples. However, such effects are not caused by specific oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. This is an effect that can be expected for all carbohydrates (carbohydrates) that are not digested and absorbed in the digestive process to the small intestine, flow into the large intestine, are metabolized by bacteria in the large intestine, and produce organic acids.

Further, the physiological effects of short-chain fatty acids produced from such indigestible carbohydrates have been clarified one after another in recent years. It can be expected to be accompanied by an effective physiological action for maintenance.

[0091] The present invention saves the use of protein as an energy source during low-energy nutrition due to aging and disease states by effectively utilizing industrial wastes during squeezing of citrus fruits. It is a nutritional composition that can effectively accumulate ingested protein as a body protein, and can be widely applied from healthy persons to those who need nutritional treatment with enteral nutrition. In addition, since it is a natural material, it is highly safe and can be taken for a long time.

In the present invention, in addition to citrus fruits themselves, pericarp, mesocarp, carcinoma, juice residue and the like can be used as raw materials, which are generated when juice is squeezed. Secondary products, most of which are usually discarded. Utilizing the waste again to utilize the active ingredient can be said to be a very effective invention industrially from the viewpoint of effective use of natural waste.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the amount of organic acids in the contents of the cecum of rats ingesting the extract of Satsuma mandarin juice residue.

FIG. 2 shows (1) the amount of body protein accumulated among the accumulated body components of rats ingesting the extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue.

FIG. 3 shows (2) the amount of body fat accumulated among the accumulated body components of rats ingesting the extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue.

FIG. 4 shows (3) the accumulated amount of body ash in the accumulated amount of body components of rats that have taken the extract of Satsuma mandarin orange juice residue.

FIG. 5 shows body protein accumulation efficiency per ingested protein amount in rats ingesting Unsatsu Mandarin orange juice residue extract.

FIG. 6 shows body protein accumulation efficiency per apparent amount of absorbed protein in rats ingesting Unshu mandarin orange juice residue extract.

FIG. 7 shows the effect of indigestible sugar intake on body protein accumulation efficiency.

FIG. 8 shows the effect of sugar added to feed on body protein accumulation efficiency and body lipid accumulation efficiency.

FIG. 9 shows the calorific value derived from carbohydrates calculated from the respiratory ratio and urinary nitrogen excretion.

FIG. 10 shows the calorific value derived from protein calculated from urinary nitrogen excretion.

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) A23L 2/52 A61K 31/702 A61K 31/702 31/715 31/715 31/729 31/729 31/731 31/731 31/732 31/732 31/734 31/734 35/78 K 35/78 A61P 1/00 A61P 1/00 3/00 3/00 A23L 2/00 F (72) Inventor Koji Yajima Narita, Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture 540 Meiji Dairies Corporation Nutrition Science Research Laboratories (72) Inventor Hiroshi Arima 1-21-3 Sakaemachi, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo Meiji Dairies Corporation Nutrition Science Laboratories (72) Inventor Hideo Hasegawa 1-21- Sakaemachi, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 3 Meiji Dairies Co., Ltd. Nutrition Science Laboratories Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yu Kuwata 1-21-3 Sakaemachi, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo Meiji Dairies Co., Ltd. Nutrition Science Laboratories F-term (reference) 2B150 AA03 AA04 AA08 AB20 AE33 AE39 AE40 AE44 AE46 CA17 DC14 DC15 4B017 LC03 LE10 LG02 LK11 LK13 LL09 LP01 LP02 LP03 4B018 LB08 LE01 LE02 LE03 LE04 LE05 MD31 MD33 MD47 MD52 ME14 MF01 MF06 4C086 EA0 1 EA20 MA01 MA17 MA23 MA28 MA34 MA52 NA14 ZA66 ZC21 4C088 AB62 AC04 CA03 CA05 CA06 MA08 MA17 MA23 MA28 MA34 MA52 NA14 ZA66 ZC21

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A bioactive composition comprising an indigestible carbohydrate or a substance containing an indigestible carbohydrate. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the indigestible saccharide is an indigestible oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. 3. Extraction of a citrus raw material containing at least one of a citrus fruit, a squeezed residue, a pericarp, a mesocarp, and a carbohydrate membrane with a polar solvent, wherein the indigestible saccharide-containing substance is extracted with a polar solvent. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a soluble fraction obtained after adjusting the pH of the solution to 5.5 to 8.5 or a processed product thereof. 4. An aqueous extract of citrus fruit juice residue having a pH of 6
The composition according to claim 3, comprising a soluble fraction adjusted to ~ 8 or a processed product thereof. 5. The processed product is at least one of a concentrate, a pasted product, a dried product, an emulsion, and a diluted product;
The composition according to claim 3, wherein: 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is a pharmaceutical-type, food-drink-type or feed-type composition. 7. The food and drink type composition according to claim 6, wherein the composition is a nutritional composition. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has at least one of an action of increasing the body protein accumulation efficiency of the ingested protein, an action of increasing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine, and an action of increasing the concentration of butyric acid in the large intestine. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: