JP2001259963A - Self-type air-using cooling method and device for cutting point - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling method and device applied to process using air to a coolantless processing, i.e., dry or semi-dry processing for the purpose of energy saving or as a countermeasure for environmental conservation. SOLUTION: The air for use in cutting is generated while the spindle to rotate the tool of a machine used cutting is used as a power source, and the arrangement includes a vane device for generating air applied to the spindle or tool attached thereto and a cover device having an air chamber and exhaust hole for preloading, thus the intended self-type air generating/supplying device is established.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[Industrial application field] Using a cutting tool,
The present invention relates to a dry machining and semi-dry machining method in the case of performing mechanical machining, a device for obtaining air using a spindle rotation power inherent to a machine, and a method of utilizing the air for cooling a cutting point or the like.

2. Description of the Related Art In the case of ordinary machining, for example, when cutting is performed by an end mill using a machining center, depending on the material to be machined, the material to be machined of a ferrous or non-ferrous material has a considerable number of machining points. By supplying a large amount of cutting oil or a cooling medium and performing wet machining, machinability is improved and various adverse effects due to heat generation are prevented. But,
Large amounts of cutting oil and cooling medium have a large effect on the environment.
In particular, chlorine-based cutting oils are inexpensive and have great merit in improving cutting properties, and have been used in large quantities. However, it is said that chlorine causes dioxin generation, and conversion to non-chlorine-based cutting oils is strongly desired. However, the cost of non-chlorine-based cutting oil is 30 to 50% higher than that of chlorine-based cutting oil, and the cost is high.

[0003] In recent years, dry processing using cold air comprising a cooling medium such as nitrogen gas and air has also been generally performed. However, conventionally, an appropriate number of nozzles are provided from an external factory air source. It is performed by a method of spraying on the cutting part. In order to improve the cool air effect, it is necessary to effectively blow cool air to the cutting point of the tool. Therefore, a nozzle is attached to a body portion for holding a spindle usually used for machining, and cool air is blown toward the cutting point. However, for example, in the case of a machining center, the tool and the tool holder that holds the tool have different dimensions and shapes, and in one part machining, they are removed and replaced as needed in accordance with the machining purpose and location, but in that case, interference with the nozzle may occur. In some cases, there is a problem that the nozzle and the workpiece are interfered with each other, and this is very inefficient depending on the shape of the workpiece.

In the case where conventional cold air is used for processing, continuous air release uses a lot of factory air, and as the number of machines increases, the compressor becomes larger, a plurality of compressors are installed, and air piping is increased. There is also a problem from the viewpoint of increased incidental equipment costs, such as an increase in the number of facilities, and energy saving. Except for the expensive rotary type compressor, the air source emits a loud noise.Small and medium-sized enterprises often install them outside factories.
It also causes noise pollution.

[Means for Solving the Problems] It is necessary to prevent adverse effects on the environment, and instead of the conventional wet processing using a large amount of cutting oil and cooling medium, cold air or, for example, a very small amount of mist cooling is used. What is called dry or semi-dry cutting, in which a medium or the like is forcibly sprayed to a cutting point during machining, is desired. For cutting, it is important to suppress the temperature rise of the tool and the work material as much as possible.However, it is also possible to quickly remove the cutting debris from the work material and prevent the temperature rise of the whole machine body and work material. It is important from the viewpoint of the accuracy of the product to be processed.

[0006] Further, depending on the material to be processed, it may be impossible to completely dry-process. Improving machinability and extending tool life are extremely important for productivity,
Even when expensive non-chlorine-based cutting oil is used as the cooling medium, it is necessary to reduce the cost and to achieve high-efficiency machining by reducing the amount of use and using it efficiently.

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention seeks to procure air necessary for low-cost dry or semi-dry processing or general work from a machine used. [Action]

Therefore, in the present invention, the above-mentioned environment and energy saving are taken into consideration, and the blades are rotated by using the power of the spindle spindle used for cutting of the machine, without using the factory air, and the necessary air is Equipped with a tool device that attaches a so-called self-type air generation and supply device to the machine used or to the general machine, and blows the obtained air to the cutting point to cool it at low cost. It is intended to achieve semi-dry cutting efficiently. In addition, air generated during the cutting process is used to generate an air curtain on the machine to prevent scattering of cutting chips and dust. In addition, air guns are often installed in each machine for the purpose of cleaning, but even in this case, a self-type air obtained by the above method is provided instead of factory air.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram of a basic pipe system in a case where the obtained air is supplied to a required place in a cutting process by using a spindle rotation power. The power source 101 is a power generation device such as a motor for rotating a main shaft on which a cutting tool of a machine is mounted. Pressure source 1
Reference numeral 02 denotes a blade device for generating air, which is attached to a shaft separately provided using a transmission device such as a belt or a gear coaxially with the main shaft. Air generated by the pressure source 102 passes through a preload chamber 103 for increasing the pressure, and is exhausted from a flow control exhaust port 104. In other words,
The required air can always be obtained.

FIG. 2 shows a check valve 10 in addition to the pipe system of FIG.
7 is a basic piping diagram in a case where the air and the air reservoir 105 are provided, and the air and the working air are separately taken out from the approximately air reservoir.

FIG. 3 is a specific explanatory view of the pipe diagram of FIG. 1 applied to a machine used for cutting. In a cutting machine typified by a machine tool, a tool 9 rotates in synchronization with a spindle mounted on a machine headstock 10. That is, a tool 9 connected to a main shaft that is rotated by a power such as a motor (not shown) around a main shaft rotation axis A rotates in, for example, a rotation direction B, and a workpiece 1 is attached by the tool 1 attached to the tool. Seventeen cutting operations are performed.

Here, the blade 9 assembled at the boss portion of the tool 9 rotates together with the tool 9. Further, the air chamber cover 6 having an air preload function is provided with a tool 9.
In order to prevent the transmission of the rotational power, the tool 9 is assembled to the tool 9 via bearings 4 and 5 in the radial and thrust directions.

The rotation stop bar 12 attached to the air chamber cover 6
And the rotation stop 11 provided on the machine headstock 10 incorporating the tool mounting spindle, the air chamber cover 6 does not rotate when the tool 9 rotates. In the air chamber cover 6,
An air chamber 13 having a small exhaust hole 14 is provided, and air generated by the blades 7 and pre-pressed in the air chamber 13 is supplied to the exhaust hole 14.
Through the nozzle 15, which is assembled according to the purpose such as the amount of exhaust, the shape of the exhaust, the direction of exhaust, and the like, and is exhausted at high speed.

On the other hand, a dustproof and safety cover 8 is provided on the intake side of the air chamber cover 6, that is, on the side where the blades are mounted. Of course, if dust protection and safety measures are not required, mounting is unnecessary.

The tool 9 has a tool holder 2 such as a chuck.
, The tool 1 is held, and the workpiece 17 is cut by the rotation of the spindle. The air 16 evacuated from the nozzle 15 and adjusted in direction, amount, shape, etc.,
The cutting point P between the tool 1 and the workpiece 17 is efficiently sprayed.

The tool 1 and the workpiece 17 are constantly cooled by air while the cutting is being performed, so that various problems due to a rise in temperature during cutting can be solved.
Since the cutting chips having heat can be prevented from staying on the workpiece, efficient dry processing is achieved.

FIG. 4 shows an air curtain 201 in which the number, direction, and shape of the nozzles 15 are adjusted, and a substantially cylindrical air curtain 201 whose exhaust destination is narrowed to the cutting point of the tool 1 is formed around the rotating tool. FIG. 3 is a diagram in which a cutting fluid nozzle 203 is inserted into a substantially cylindrical air curtain from a small amount of a cooling medium, for example, the outside, and a cooling mist 202 is sprayed inside the curtain. The cooling mist 202 sprayed inside the substantially cylindrical air curtain does not scatter to the outside of the air curtain, and is directed to the cutting point P from the surroundings by the flow of air inside the air, so that semi-dry processing can be performed extremely efficiently. . A small amount of cooling medium for cooling, cutting, and lubrication is sufficient, and semi-dry processing with less waste is achieved.

Although not shown, the cooling medium typified by nitrogen gas or the like is supplied to the air suction side generated by the rotation of the blades 7, for example, into the inside of the safety / dustproof cover 8 so that the air and the cooling medium can be cooled. The mixture can be sprayed on the cutting point. In this case, effective semi-dry processing can be achieved by spraying the mixture efficiently to the cutting point without forming the air curtain.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view in the case where the nozzle 15 generates the air curtain 201 surrounding the cutting point P. Dust hose 20 inside air curtain
4, the dust and chips generated by the cutting process can be efficiently absorbed without coming out around the outside of the air curtain.

In the case of machining, air for work is often used for setup work, cleaning work, etc. Usually, troublesome plumbing work is performed for each installation machine, and an air gun is installed for using factory air. I do.

In the present invention, the power stored in the air reservoir 106 can be used for work by utilizing the power for rotating the spindle, which is specific to the machine used, and by the method shown in FIG. Simple piping is not required. In FIG. 2, the working air and the cutting point spraying air are drawn out from the air reservoir 106, but they may be provided separately. For example, the pipe system of FIG. The same effect can be obtained even if it is provided at an arbitrary position on the side rotating shaft.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that many modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, the energy required for the rise of the rotation of the main shaft of the machine is large. Therefore, if the blades are rotated at the same time, a high load may be applied to a power source such as a motor. The boss portion to be assembled with the tool 9 is not fixed, but is provided with a centrifugal force clutch or a fluid clutch. By changing the rotation rising speed of the main shaft and the blade portion until the steady rotation, a sudden change in load is dealt with.

In a self-type chip / dust scattering prevention method using an air curtain, a similar effect can be obtained by mixing a liquid such as water or oil with air.

The present invention is characterized in that air is obtained from a machine to be used by using a spindle for rotating a tool as a power source, and there is little problem when the spindle is rotated at a high speed of tens of thousands of revolutions. Is low, the rotation speed of the blades is increased, and if the air volume is insufficient, a small amount of factory air is applied to the device of the present invention to cope with the problem. Good.

1 and 2 and the apparatus explanatory diagram in FIG. 3 are basic examples, and other functional parts normally used when air is used, such as a pressure control valve, a flow control valve, and a filter, are required. The above description describes a method in which air is blown from the outside of the tool. However, a so-called oil having a cutting oil hole inside the tool, which is conventionally used, is described. It goes without saying that the air of the present invention can also be used when using a tool with a hole.

Also, in machines other than cutting machines,
It is needless to say that the method and apparatus of the present invention can provide air that is out of the intended purpose by utilizing the rotational force of the main shaft.

[Effects of the Invention] In the field of cutting, from the viewpoint of resource saving and environmental considerations, in place of conventional wet processing using a large amount of cutting fluid, dry processing and semi-dry processing that do not require a coolant will be actively performed. By implementing the method of the present invention, air for the processing purpose can be procured at low cost, and the utilization effect is large.

In order to cope with high-speed machining and high-efficiency machining in the cutting process, the spindle speed becomes a high-speed type of tens of thousands of revolutions. Tools that use high-speed spindles are often small-diameter tools, waste a lot of spindle rotation energy during steady cutting, and use a so-called self-type air generator that uses the spindle power of the present invention as an air source. In addition to being able to effectively use energy, it also has a large energy saving effect of saving factory air.

Since the apparatus of the present invention can be assembled to the tool itself, it can be provided at a low cost. In the machining center work, even if the tools are of different types, the direction of the exhaust to the cutting point and the like for each tool must be determined in advance. By setting it, automation can be performed efficiently and productivity can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram of air pipes in an air generation / supply method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of air pipes when the obtained air is used for a cutting purpose and a working purpose via an air reservoir in the air generating / supplying method of FIG. 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the air generation / generation system of the present invention based on the piping diagram of FIG.
Illustration when the supply device is attached to the tool, and the tool and device are installed on the headstock of the machine to be used for dry machining.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a cutting mist is injected into a substantially cylindrical air curtain in semi-dry processing.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state in which an air curtain is formed around a rotating tool on the machine, and a dust suction hose is inserted into the inside to suction chips and dust generated.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 tool 101 power 2 tool holder 102 pressure source 3 holding collar 103 preload chamber 4 thrust bearing 104 flow control nozzle 5 radial / thrust bearing 105 check valve 6 air chamber cover 106 air reservoir 7 blade 107 valve 8 dustproof / safety cover 201 Substantially cylindrical air curtain 9 Tool 202 Cutting mist 10 Machine headstock 203
Cutting fluid nozzle 11 Rotation stop 204
Dust suction hose 12 Rotation stop bar 205
Chips and dust 13 Air chamber 206
Air curtain 14 Exhaust hole A
Main shaft rotation shaft 15 nozzle B
Spindle rotation direction 16 Air P
Cutting point 17 Work material

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A dry machining method for machining with a cutting tool, wherein the impeller attached to a tool holder, a tool, or the like is used as a power source by using a rotating force of a tool mounting spindle generated by a motor or the like of a machine to be used. Rotated by a power source, forcibly blowing air generated by the blades of the impeller to the cutting point of machining, cutting point, tool,
A dry processing method characterized by cooling a workpiece and removing chips. 2. An air generating / supplying method for performing the cooling method according to claim 1, wherein an impeller is directly attached to a main shaft for rotating a tool, or a separate conductor such as a belt or a gear is used from the main shaft. The rotating power is output to the equipped shaft, the impeller is attached to the approximate shaft, and when rotating synchronously with the main shaft rotation, the air generated by the blade of the impeller is pre-pressed and stored in a separately provided air reservoir, and A self-type air generation and supply method, characterized in that the machine itself can procure the necessary air when using the air. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a tool holder for rotating around the same axis by utilizing the rotational force of the main shaft, a blade device attached to the tool for air suction and forced air blowing, and a rotation of the blade. A self-contained air generation and supply device that has a rotation-fixed cover device that has an air chamber for pre-pressurizing air and has an air exhaust hole on the exhaust side. 4. A method for performing semi-dry processing using a self-type air generating / supplying device according to claim 3, wherein an air exhaust hole is provided in a circular shape and a substantially cylindrical shape is formed around a rotating tool outer portion. The air curtain is generated toward the cutting point, and a cooling medium for improving cooling efficiency is supplied from outside to the inside of the suction unit or the cover device of the blade device, or to the inside of the substantially cylindrical air curtain, and the cooling medium is cut to the cutting point. Semi-dry machining method, characterized in that the cutting point is cooled efficiently by applying to the surface. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the air obtained by the method according to claim 1 or the apparatus according to claim 3 is arbitrarily used in order to prevent chips, dust and the like generated by the cutting process from scattering to the outside. A method of preventing chips and dust from being scattered by a self-type air, which exhausts around the rotating tool from the discharge holes arranged in the shape of a circle and forms a roughly shaped air curtain around the tool on the machine and performs cutting.