JP2001205127A - Crusher and crushing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher capable of crushing industrial waste or the like efficiently. SOLUTION: This crusher is provided with a pair of fixed edges 1 standing face to face at a prescribed distance so that the distance becomes narrower as it goes to the bottom end, plural cutting edges 2 formed on the opposed surfaces of both edges 1 and a pushing member 5 for pushing the subject to be crushed into the space between the edges 1 by lowering the member 5 between the edges 1. The subject pushed into the space between the edges 1 by the member 5 is effectively cut and crushed by the edges 2 formed on the edges 1, the distance between which becomes narrower gradually as it goes to the bottom end. The crushed product is discharged from a bottom end opening 6 formed by the edges 1. The industrial waste or the like, which cannot be crushed satisfactorily by the usual crusher, can be effectively crushed by using this crusher.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher and a crushing method for crushing industrial waste such as a motor and a compressor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a pulverizer for pulverizing resin products, empty cans, and the like, a rotary blade type having a rotary blade provided with a cutting blade on an outer periphery is mainly used. Such a rotary blade type pulverizer is generally a single-shaft pulverizer that pulverizes an object to be pulverized between a rotatably supported rotary blade and a fixed blade provided around the rotary blade, A multi-shaft crusher or the like that includes a plurality of rotary blades and crushes an object to be crushed between the rotary blades is used.

[0003] On the other hand, the treatment of industrial waste has been regarded as a problem in the past, but there is no longer any room for reclamation in the coastal area, which had been a place where industrial waste was previously buried. Recently, landfills of gravel in the plains, valleys in the mountains, agricultural ponds and abandoned mines have been increasing rapidly. In addition, since illegal dumping is also increasing to a considerable extent, the treatment of industrial waste has become a social problem in recent years.

[0004] In addition, many of the industrial wastes that are currently disposed of can be recovered as resources. In light of the recent rise in environmental awareness, there is an urgent need to establish a technology for recovering and utilizing resources from industrial waste in order to establish a resource recycling society that effectively recycles resources and protect the global environment.

[0005]

Here, in order to realize the recovery and use of industrial waste, it is necessary to first crush the waste finely. However, for example, for products such as compressors and motors used in refrigerators and coolers, in which parts made of multiple types of materials with different mechanical properties such as hardness and toughness are intertwined, the conventional rotary blade type Could not be crushed by the crusher.
Therefore, such products are currently disposed of by burying or stacking as described above. On the other hand, it is true that such products contain a large amount of substances that can be recovered as resources, such as copper and aluminum. In order to recover and use these resources, a crusher that can efficiently crush industrial waste The development of was strongly desired.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pulverizer and a pulverization method capable of efficiently pulverizing industrial waste and the like.

[0007]

To achieve the above object, a crusher according to the present invention comprises a pair of fixed blades facing each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end, and the two fixed blades. A plurality of cutting blades formed on opposing surfaces of the
The gist of the present invention is that a pushing member that pushes the object to be crushed between the fixed blades by moving toward one end between the fixed blades is provided.

Further, according to the pulverizing method of the present invention, there are provided a pair of fixed blades facing each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end, and a plurality of fixed blades formed on surfaces of the both fixed blades facing each other. The gist is that a cutting blade is prepared, and the object to be ground is pushed toward one end between the fixed blades by a pushing member.

That is, the crusher of the present invention comprises a pair of fixed blades facing each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end, and a plurality of fixed blades formed on the surfaces of the fixed blades facing each other. It has a cutting blade and a pushing member that pushes the object to be ground between the fixed blades by advancing toward one end between the fixed blades. Further, the pulverizing method of the present invention, a pair of fixed blades facing each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end, and a plurality of cutting blades formed on the surface facing the both fixed blades Is prepared, and the object to be crushed is pushed toward one end between the fixed blades by a pushing member.

[0010] For this reason, the object to be crushed pushed between the fixed blades by the pushing member is effectively cut by a plurality of cutting blades formed on the fixed blades whose interval gradually narrows toward one end, Crushed. Then, the crushed object is discharged from one end openings of both fixed blades. For example, even a structure including hard parts such as a compressor and a motor can be effectively cut with a plurality of cutting blades formed on the surface of a fixed blade, and the load on the cutting blade also uses a conventional rotary blade. Compared with a crusher, it is greatly reduced, the sharpness can be maintained for a long time, and the energy loss is small.
As described above, industrial wastes and the like that cannot be sufficiently pulverized by the conventional pulverizer can be pulverized effectively.

In the pulverizer and the pulverization method of the present invention,
When the pushing member is a plate-like member having a thickness smaller than the opening distance between the one ends of the fixed blades, the object to be crushed can be effectively pushed between the fixed blades and crushed. Further, the crushed object can be pushed out from one end opening of both fixed blades and can be smoothly discharged.

In the pulverizer and the pulverization method of the present invention,
When the pushing member is a plate member in which a plurality of pushing members are arranged, the number of the plate members to be advanced toward one end is gradually reduced, and finally the pushing is performed by the plate member located at one end opening of both fixed blades. The relatively large crushed material before crushing is pushed in a state in which a plurality of plate-like members are aligned, and the number of plate-like members to be advanced as cutting and crushing progresses and the crushed material is reduced, Finally, the crushed object can be pushed out from the one end opening and discharged by the plate-shaped member located at the one end opening of both fixed blades. As described above, since the number of plate-like members to be pressed is reduced depending on the progress of the crushing of the crushed object, a relatively large crushed object can be efficiently crushed.
Note that the number of plate members to be lowered may be reduced for each fixed stroke, or may be gradually reduced within one stroke.

In the pulverizer and the pulverization method of the present invention,
The thickness of each plate-shaped member is set to be smaller than the opening interval at one end opening of both fixed blades, and the thickness of the pushing member in a state where a plurality of each plate-shaped member is arranged is set to be thicker than the opening interval of both fixed blades. If the material to be crushed is relatively large before being crushed, the material to be crushed is pushed by a thick pushing member, and the material to be crushed is advanced by cutting and crushing. Can be pushed out of the opening and discharged.

In the pulverizer and the pulverization method of the present invention,
In the case where the pushing member is a rod-shaped member having a smaller thickness than an interval between the one end openings of the fixed blades, the object to be crushed can be effectively pushed between the fixed blades and crushed. Further, the crushed object can be pushed out from one end opening of both fixed blades and can be smoothly discharged.

[0015] In the present invention, the term "plate-like member" is intended to include a combination of a plurality of members as long as it is a plate-like member as a whole.

[0016]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are views showing an embodiment of the crusher of the present invention. This is ground between the pair of fixed blades 1 by lowering between a pair of fixed blades 1 facing each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward the lower end and the fixed blades 1. A pushing member 5 for pushing an object (not shown).

Each of the fixed blades 1 has a flat plate shape, and a plurality of cutting blades 2 are formed on a surface of the fixed blades 1 facing each other. The fixed blades 1 are fixed to the inclined surfaces of a pair of support bases 3 each having a block shape in which the inner surfaces facing each other are formed in an inverted C-shaped inclined surface. The openings formed on both sides of the fixed blades 1 are covered with side plates (not shown). Below the lower end opening 6 of the fixed blades 1, a conveyor 4 for taking out the crushed material discharged from the lower end opening 6 is provided.

The pushing member 5 has the shape of a flat plate having substantially the same width as the fixed blade 1 having a plate shape, and one end directed downward is located directly above the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1. It is arranged as follows. The pushing member 5 can move up and down between the fixed blades 1 at a position right above the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1. Further, the pressing member 5
Is the opening width W of the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1.
It is set to be slightly smaller than.

The object to be crushed can be crushed by using the crusher having the above-mentioned structure, for example, as follows. First, the pushing member 5 is raised until its lower end is located above the upper opening 7 of the fixed blades 1. Next, the material to be crushed is introduced from the upper opening 7 of both fixed blades 1 and the pushing member 5 is pressed.
Is gradually lowered to push the object to be ground downward between the fixed blades 1. At this time, the object to be crushed is caught by the cutting blades 2 on the surfaces of the fixed blades 1 facing each other in an inverted C-shape, and further pressed by the pressing member 5 to be cut and crushed.

If necessary, the pushing member 5 is repeatedly moved up and down for a plurality of strokes. When the object to be crushed is sufficiently pulverized, the pushing member 5 is further lowered, and the pulverized object is removed from both fixed blades 1. From the lower end opening 6. The discharged material to be ground is taken out by the conveyor 4.

In the crusher and the crushing method, the object to be crushed pushed between the fixed blades by the pushing member 5 has a plurality of cutting blades formed on the fixed blade 1 whose interval gradually narrows toward the lower end. 2 is effectively cut and crushed. For example, even a structure including a hard part such as a compressor or a motor can be effectively cut by a plurality of cutting blades 2 formed on the surface of the fixed blade 1, and the load applied to the cutting blade 2 is the same as the conventional one. It is greatly reduced compared to crushers using rotary blades, and can maintain sharpness over a long period of time,
Energy loss is also reduced. Therefore, industrial wastes and the like that cannot be sufficiently pulverized by the conventional pulverizer can be pulverized effectively.

In the crusher and the crushing method described above, since the thickness T1 of the pushing member 5 is smaller than the opening interval W of the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1, the object to be crushed is effectively held between the fixed blades 1. And crushed. Further, the crushed object can be pushed out from the lower end openings of the fixed blades 1 and smoothly discharged.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the pushing members 5 are not arranged as a single plate, but are arranged in a row so that a plurality of square bars 5A have a plate shape as a whole. That is, the term “plate-like member” in the present invention is intended to include not only a plate-like member or a plurality of plate-like members but also a plate-like member as a whole obtained by combining a plurality of members. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment, and has the same operation and effect.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the pushing member 5 is composed of three plate-like bodies that can move up and down independently of each other. A central plate 8 disposed at the center of the three blades and located immediately above the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1
Is set to be smaller than the opening interval W between the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1. On the other hand, the central plate 8
And the thickness T2 of the central plate 8 and the side plates 9 arranged on both sides of the central plate 8 are set to be larger than the opening interval W of the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1.

When the object to be pulverized is to be pulverized by the above-mentioned pulverizer, the object to be pulverized is put into the upper opening 7 of each of the fixed blades 1 and the center plate 8 and the side plates 9 are first superposed. Then, the object to be crushed is pushed between the fixed blades 1 to be cut and crushed. Then, the stroke of moving the pushing member 5 up and down as necessary is repeated a plurality of times, and at the stage where the crushing has progressed to some extent and the crushed object has become smaller, as shown in FIG. The number of plates to be lowered is reduced, and the object to be ground is pushed in only by the center plate 8. And
When cutting and crushing further proceed to reduce the size of the crushed material, the central plate 8 is further lowered to discharge the crushed material from the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1.

As described above, in the above-mentioned pulverizer and pulverization method, the relatively large object to be pulverized before being pulverized is pushed by the thick indenting member 5, and the cutting and pulverization progresses. The crushed object can be pushed out from the lower end opening 6 and discharged by the thin central plate 8. in this way,
Since the number of plate-like members to be pushed is reduced depending on the progress of the pulverization of the object to be pulverized, a relatively large object to be pulverized can be efficiently pulverized. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment, and has the same operation and effect.

In the above-described example, the example in which the stroke for vertically moving the pushing member 5 is repeated a plurality of times and the cutting and the crushing are repeated is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
Cutting and crushing may be completed by lowering the pushing member 5 by one stroke, and the lowering of the side plates 9 may be gradually stopped and the lowering of the center plate 8 may be continued within this one stroke.

In the example described above, the pushing member 5 is
Although the example constituted by the plate-like members was shown. The present invention is not limited to this, and may be two or four or more. Further, in the above-described example, the object to be ground is finally discharged from the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1 by one central plate 8, but the present invention is not limited to this. It can be discharged.

FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the pushing member 5 is composed of a plurality of rod-shaped members 5 having a thickness smaller than the opening interval W of the lower end openings 6 of the fixed blades 1.
A. The rod-shaped members 5A are vertically movable independently of each other, and may be vertically moved simultaneously.
Depending on the shape and size of the object to be crushed, they may be moved up and down independently. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment, and has the same operation and effect.

FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In this example, one fixed blade 1 is disposed horizontally with the forming surface of the cutting blade 2 facing upward, and the other fixed blade 1 is inclined forward and downward with the forming surface of the cutting blade 2 facing downward. It is arranged.
And the pushing member 5 reciprocates in the horizontal direction. Otherwise, it is the same as the first embodiment, and has the same operation and effect.

In each of the above embodiments, the cutting blade 2
The blade shape of is not limited to those illustrated,
Various shapes of cutting blades 2 can be applied. Further, the cutting blade 2 can be made detachable so that it can be replaced when worn. Furthermore, in each of the above-described embodiments, the fixed blade 1 is exemplified by a flat plate, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a curved plate may be used. Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, an example in which the present invention is mainly used for crushing industrial waste has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be used for crushing various structures and substances. Even in these cases, the same operation and effect can be obtained.

[0033]

As described above, according to the pulverizer and the pulverization method of the present invention, the object to be pulverized pushed between the fixed blades by the pushing member has a fixed distance gradually narrowing toward one end. It is effectively cut and crushed by a plurality of cutting blades formed on the blade. Then, the crushed object is discharged from one end openings of both fixed blades. For example, even a structure including hard parts such as a compressor or a motor can be effectively cut by a plurality of cutting blades formed on the surface of a fixed blade,
The load on the cutting blade is significantly reduced as compared with a conventional crusher using a rotary blade, so that sharpness can be maintained for a long period of time and energy loss is small. As described above, industrial wastes and the like that cannot be sufficiently pulverized by the conventional pulverizer can be pulverized effectively.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing the crusher.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a crusher according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a crusher according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a side view showing the operation of the crusher.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a crusher according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a crusher according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fixed blade 2 Cutting blade 5 Pushing member 6 Lower end opening

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A pair of fixed blades facing each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end; a plurality of cutting blades formed on surfaces of the fixed blades facing each other; A crusher comprising: a pushing member that pushes the object to be crushed between the fixed blades by moving toward one end between the blades. 2. A pair of fixed blades facing each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end, and a plurality of cutting blades formed on surfaces of the fixed blades facing each other are prepared.
A crushing method characterized in that the object to be crushed is pushed toward one end between the fixed blades by a pushing member. 3. The crusher or crushing method according to claim 1, wherein the pushing member is a plate-shaped member having a thickness smaller than an interval between openings at one ends of the fixed blades. 4. A plate-like member in which a plurality of the pushing members are arranged, the number of plate-like members which are advanced toward one end is gradually reduced, and finally the plate-like member located at one end opening of both fixed blades. The crusher or the crushing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushing is performed. 5. The thickness of each plate-shaped member is set smaller than the opening interval at one end opening of both fixed blades, and the thickness of the pushing member in which a plurality of each plate-shaped member is arranged is larger than the opening interval. The crusher or the crushing method according to claim 4, which is set. 6. The pressing member is a rod-shaped member having a smaller thickness than an interval at one end of both fixed blades.
Or the pulverizer or the pulverization method according to 2.