JP2001198769A - Method and device for supplying coolant liquid in cutting machine and grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To supply coolant liquid in a lathe in the form of a bubble-containing turbulent film from a chuck front surface and a blade to the machining part of a work piece front surface to be brought into contact with the blade. SOLUTION: A nozzle 53 discharges an assemblage of particulate turbulent flows containing bubbles caught when coolant liquid received at inlet part before a throttle curved surface passes a tongue piece, provided with the throttle curved surface having a discharge port of an approximately rectangular section surface and for giving turbulent flows to the inner surface. The nozzle 53 has a loosely fitted and mounted tongue piece 59 intersecting the sectional surface of the discharge port projecting outward, made of a rigid or elastic material. The nozzle is positioned above a work piece chuck 55 of the lathe and arranged so that the sectional surface of the discharge part substantially intersects the surface including a main axis of the lathe and turns slantedly downward and eccentrically in the projecting direction of a work piece 56. Discharged coolant liquid is axially sprayed from the peripheral surface upper part of the chuck too the area extending to a work part to form a bubble-containing turbulent film of coolant liquid for surrounding the chuck and the work piece peripheral surface.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for supplying a coolant liquid to a cutting machine and a grinding machine, particularly to a lathe.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In machining, the machining time is reduced,
The major factors for minimizing the processing distortion are to enhance the contact lubrication between the cutting blade or the grinding tool and the workpiece, and the heat radiation and cooling of the frictional heat. In other words, from the viewpoint that the cutting state is improved by giving a slight surface layer weakening, if coolant liquid is allowed to penetrate from all directions into the main shearing area of cutting, and is adsorbed by the generated microscopic cracks and voids, This will lower the surface energy and prevent re-adhesion. Such a brittleness effect in the shear region has a great effect on increasing the shear angle, reducing the chip thickness and reducing the cutting force. On the other hand, a tool repeatedly and transiently forms a plastic deformation and shear field on the surface of a work piece, so that the tool effectively cools and lubricates each transient plastic deformation and shear field that the tool contacts. It is extremely important to do

However, in a conventional machine tool, a coolant liquid supplied directly from a nozzle to such a transient field (a tool contact point) is splashed off by the rotation of the tool or the workpiece, and the tool and the workpiece surface are removed. Since it only looks superficially, it cannot be said that it contributes to effective cooling and lubrication.

[0004]

As a result, the inventor has:
By spraying the atomized turbulent flow of the coolant liquid containing bubbles from the discharge port in a substantially rectangular cross section, and hitting the area extending at least to the processing location in the axial direction from the upper part of the rotating peripheral surface connected to the processing location of the lathe It has been found that the turbulent film crawls around the rotating surface and the tool and toward the tool / workpiece contact point.

[0005]

That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a discharge port having a substantially rectangular cross section, a throttle curved surface for giving a turbulent flow to an inner wall up to the discharge port, and the discharge port is provided with a throttle curved surface. By playing and attaching a tongue made of rigid or elastic material that protrudes outside crossing the cross section,
A nozzle configured such that a coolant liquid received at an inlet portion before the throttle curved surface is discharged from the discharge port as a collection of fine-grained turbulent flows including bubbles entrained when passing through the tongue piece, And the cross section of the discharge port having the substantially rectangular cross section is substantially orthogonal to the plane including the main axis of the lathe and is directed obliquely downward toward the workpiece projection direction. Then, the coolant discharged from the nozzle is applied to a region extending from the upper part of the peripheral surface of the chuck to the processing area at least in the axial direction, and the bubbles containing the coolant surrounding the chuck and the peripheral surface of the workpiece are applied. A turbulent film is formed, and at least a part of the bubble-containing turbulent film is supplied from the chuck surface and the cutting tool to a processing portion that comes into contact with the cutting tool through the surface of the workpiece, and a chip and The method of supplying the coolant liquid for a lathe which is adapted to flow out toward the coolant liquid recovery path with frictional heat is obtained by constituting the.

Another aspect of the present invention is to supply a coolant liquid containing air bubbles continuously to a processing location on a lathe,
By promoting the scattering of bubbles in all directions when the air bubbles collide with or burst into the processing location and the penetration of accelerated droplets into the blade / workpiece pressure contact surface, the cooling and lubricating properties of the processing location are improved. Along with increasing, the bubbles in the coolant liquid that does not reach or reach the processing location and pass through the same location and reach the recovery flow path system are adhered to suspended foreign substances in the same fluid,
That is, a coolant liquid supply method is configured to promote the floating of those foreign matters.

[0007] The configuration of the coolant supply nozzle invented to be used in the above coolant supply method for lathes is as follows.
At least one nozzle portion having a discharge port having a substantially rectangular cross section, and a tongue made of a rigid or elastic material protruding to the outside intersecting the cross section of the discharge port, fitted and mounted in the discharge port, A supply chamber communicating with the at least one nozzle, and a main body having a coolant liquid inlet to the supply chamber, and a turbulent flow in the supply chamber and the inner wall of the nozzle from the inlet to the outlet. By providing a throttle curved surface for giving, the coolant liquid received from the receiving port is discharged from the discharge port as a collection of fine turbulent flows including bubbles entrained when passing through the tongue piece, The discharge flow of the coolant liquid is applied to a continuous rotating peripheral surface and a blade at a processing portion where the workpiece and the blade come into contact to form a bubble-containing turbulent film, and at least a part of the bubble-containing turbulent film is rotated. It is characterized in that it has to be supplied to the machining spot by Tsutawa surface and tool.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a construction principle for supplying a coolant liquid according to the present invention. In the lathe of FIG. 1, a coolant liquid nozzle 53 jets a coolant liquid containing turbulent flow and bubbles from a lower end nozzle opening having a rectangular cross section to axially move a workpiece 56 and a workpiece 56 from an upper peripheral surface of a workpiece gripping chuck 55 of the lathe. This is a method of injecting at least up to the area of the cutting tool 57. The coolant that has hit the peripheral surface of the chuck 55 and the workpiece 56 and the cutting tool 57 is not repelled by the turbulence and the presence of air bubbles, but forms a fluid film by sticking to the rotating peripheral surface. It is supplied abundantly at the point of contact with 56. Therefore, in this method, lubrication and cooling effects at the contact point are exhibited. Also, if cutting is advanced in this manner, the position of the cutting tool 57 approaches the chuck 55, the coolant jet flow from the nozzle 53 also hits the tool post above the cutting tool 57, and the coolant liquid is more likely to reach the contact point. Will be well supplied.

FIGS. 2 to 4 show the structure of an embodiment of the nozzle 53. The shape of the nozzle 53 shown in FIG.
Nozzle part 53a and nozzle body 53 on the right side of
This shows the relationship with b. This first nozzle portion 5
3a and the second nozzle portion 54c both have a nozzle opening 58 having a substantially rectangular outlet cross section H (FIG. 3) at the lower end corner thereof, from which the coolant liquid is directed downward in FIGS. Is to be injected. Reference numeral 59 denotes a metal vibration having substantial rigidity or elasticity inserted into the nozzle opening 58 in order to vibrate at the time of spraying the coolant liquid or to include air bubbles in the sprayed coolant liquid due to flow resistance. It is a board or a tongue piece. As shown in FIG. 3, only the upper end side surface region 60 of the vibration plate 59 is fixed to the wall surface of the nozzle opening 58, and allows the coolant to flow around. The cross section viewed from the outside of the nozzle opening 58 is rectangular as described above, and the inside thereof is a coolant inlet chamber, and the inlet chamber is a main body integrated with the first nozzle 53a. It communicates with a coolant liquid inlet 61 of 53b. The communication port 62 to the receiving port 61 is a turbulent flow forming section which is smaller than the main part cross-sectional area of the inlet chamber and the receiving port 61, and the coolant flowing into the receiving port 61 passes through the turbulent flow forming section. By passing through, it flows into the nozzle opening 58 from the inlet chamber as a collection of fine turbulent flows. As shown in FIG. 15B, the turbulent flow forming portion 62 has a throttle shape over the entire circumference, and the coolant liquid flowing into the receiving port 61 first strikes the rear projection 63 of the main body to generate turbulent flow. Further, by being throttled in the throttle unit 62, it is emitted from the nozzle opening 58 as a collection of the fine turbulent flows as described above.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the angle of the second nozzle portion 53c with respect to the main body portion 53b can be adjusted, and the mutual angle of the surfaces including the vibration plate 59 of both nozzles is changed.
Adjustments such as spraying a coolant liquid at right angles to the chuck peripheral surface located below the nozzle 53 placed at a fixed position of the machine can be performed.

FIGS. 5 to 7 show three equipment embodiments using the two nozzle configuration. In each case, two nozzles 53 are provided for two tool rests 113a and 113b.
There is also a flow path for directly supplying the coolant liquid to these tool rests 113a and 113b, and the flow control valves 114a, 114'a and 11
4b. Here, reference numeral 108 'denotes a main shaft, which is a workpiece chuck 55 corresponding to the tool rests 113a and 113b.
I support. Reference numeral 201 denotes a separation / collection tank;
Reference numeral 0 denotes a main tank, 212 (FIG. 6) denotes a spare tank, and P ₁ and P ₂ denote coolant pumps of the tables 1 and 2. The embodiment of FIG. 6 incorporates the separation / collection tank 201 in the main tank 210, and the embodiment of FIG. 7 is the same as that of FIG. 5 except that the flow control valve is omitted. It has a channel.

[0012]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method of mixing a coolant liquid having an excellent lubricating property and a cooling property and a nozzle supply method for supplying a sufficient amount of a coolant liquid to a cutting portion in the structure as described above. Since the processing speed can be increased to about 1.5 to 3 times, the economic effect accompanying this is extremely large. Further, since a reduction in cutting oil cost and a significant reduction in tank cleaning cost can be expected, the present invention provides immeasurable effects in improving efficiency, mitigating environmental pollution, and saving labor. In some cases, it is also possible to perform cutting with only water and a rust inhibitor as a coolant liquid.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view schematically showing a configuration principle regarding a coolant liquid supply according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a coolant liquid supply nozzle used in the configuration shown in FIG.

3A is a vertical cross-sectional view of the fixed nozzle portion taken along line FF in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3B is a partial plan cross-sectional view taken along line GG thereof.

FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view showing the entire structure of the coolant supply nozzle shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first equipment embodiment embodying another configuration principle of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a second facility embodiment embodying another configuration principle of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a third facility embodiment embodying another configuration principle of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 53 Nozzle 55 Workpiece chuck 56 Workpiece 57 Byte 59 Tongue piece

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A discharge port having a substantially rectangular cross section, a throttle curved surface for giving a turbulent flow to an inner wall up to the discharge port is provided, and a rigidity projecting outside crossing the cross section of the discharge port. By fitting and attaching the tongue pieces made of an elastic material, the coolant liquid received at the inlet portion before the curved surface of the throttle is released as a collection of fine turbulent flows including bubbles trapped when passing through the tongue pieces. A nozzle adapted to be discharged from the outlet is positioned above the workpiece chuck of the lathe, and the cross section of the substantially rectangular discharge port is substantially orthogonal to a plane including the main axis of the lathe, and The chuck is disposed so as to face obliquely downward and biased in the direction in which the workpiece is projected, whereby the coolant discharged from the nozzle is applied to a region extending from the upper portion of the peripheral surface of the chuck in the axial direction to at least the processing location, and Forming a turbulent bubble-containing film of coolant liquid surrounding the chuck and the peripheral surface of the workpiece, and contacting at least a part of the turbulent bubble-containing film with the blade from the chuck surface and the blade along the surface of the workpiece. A method of supplying coolant for a lathe, wherein the coolant is supplied to a processing location and flows out together with chips and frictional heat toward a coolant recovery path. 2. A nozzle having a discharge port having a substantially rectangular cross section is arranged in parallel with two nozzles, and a turbulent bubble-containing flow of the coolant liquid is applied to the peripheral surface of the chuck as two closely and parallel discharge flows. The method of claim 1, wherein: 3. A discharge port having a substantially rectangular cross-section, and at least one tongue made of a rigid or elastic material intersecting with the cross-section of the discharge port and projecting to the outside is fitted and mounted in the discharge port. One nozzle section, a supply chamber communicating with the at least one nozzle section, and a main body section having a coolant liquid inlet to the supply chamber, and a supply chamber and a nozzle section from the inlet to the discharge port. By providing a throttle curved surface for giving a turbulent flow to the inner wall, the coolant liquid received from the receiving port is discharged from the discharge port as a collection of fine turbulent flows including bubbles trapped when passing through the tongue piece. The discharge flow of the coolant is applied to the rotating surface and the blade which are continuous at the processing location where the workpiece and the blade are in contact with each other to form a bubble-containing turbulent film. When A coolant supply nozzle device for a lathe, characterized in that a part of the coolant can be supplied to the processing location by transmitting the rotating peripheral surface and the blade. 4. The two nozzle portions are arranged in parallel, one of the nozzle portions is fixed to the main body portion, and the other nozzle portion is connected to the main body portion so as to be adjustable in angle. 4. The nozzle device according to claim 3, wherein the two coolant discharge streams are applied substantially at right angles to the rotating peripheral surface.