JP2001194672A - Liquid crystal device and projection mode display device equipped with the device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To display a bright, high contrast and high quality picture in a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal device comprising a liquid crystal held between a pair of substrates by reducing an adverse effect due to a lateral electric field generated in line inversion driving. SOLUTION: The liquid crystal device is provided with plural pixel electrodes on the first substrate 10 and a counter electrode on the second substrate and is line inversion driven. The first and second polarizing plates 201, 202 are respectively arranged outside the substrates so as to make their axes of polarization perpendicularly intersect with each other. The alignment layer arranged on the second substrate is rubbing treated taking the direction perpendicularly intersecting the arrayed direction of the group of the pixel electrodes to which voltage with an identical polarity is applied in a 1H inversion driving as the rubbing direction Rb.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention belongs to the technical field of a liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates and a projection type display device having the same, and more particularly to a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix. The invention belongs to the technical field of a liquid crystal device using a vertical alignment type liquid crystal and a projection type display device provided with the same, which employs a line inversion driving method of inverting the driving voltage polarity for each row or column.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a liquid crystal device, a pixel electrode, a scanning line, a data line, and a thin film transistor (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as TFT) corresponding to a driving method such as active matrix driving, passive matrix driving, and segment driving are formed on one substrate. ,
A thin-film diode (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as TFD) and the like are formed. On the other substrate, a counter electrode, a wiring, a light-shielding film for defining an opening area of each pixel, a color filter, and the like are also formed according to the driving method. These substrates are bonded together with a sealant around an image display area where an image is actually displayed. A TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal, S
A TN (Super Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal, and the like are sandwiched. During operation, a vertical electric field generated between a pixel electrode formed on one substrate and a counter electrode formed on the other substrate is applied to the liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates. As a result, the alignment state of the liquid crystal changes, and the image display is performed by changing the polarization state of the display light passing therethrough.

In this type of liquid crystal device, the application of a DC voltage to the liquid crystal prevents the liquid crystal from deteriorating (for example, decomposition of the liquid crystal component, contamination by impurities generated in the liquid crystal cell, burn-in of a displayed image, etc.). In general, the polarity of the drive voltage for each pixel electrode is inverted at a constant period such as one frame or one field in an image signal. However, simply inverting the polarity of the driving voltage in all the pixel electrodes constituting the image display area at this fixed period (that is, in the so-called video inversion driving method), especially when the number of pixels is large, Periodic flicker and crosstalk occur. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of flicker and crosstalk in the fixed cycle, for example, the 1H inversion driving method in which the polarity of the driving voltage is inverted for each row of the pixel electrode or the 1S inversion where the polarity of the driving voltage is inverted for each column of the pixel electrode in the fixed cycle A line inversion driving method such as a driving method has been developed. Further, a dot inversion drive method has been developed in which the polarity of the drive voltage is inverted for each dot (that is, for each row and each column) at the constant cycle.

[0004]

However, in the case of the above-described line inversion driving method, a horizontal electric field is generated between pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a column direction or a row direction to which voltages having different polarities are applied. Further, in the case of the dot inversion driving method,
A horizontal electric field is generated between pixel electrodes adjacent to each other in a row direction and a column direction to which voltages having different polarities are applied. When a horizontal electric field is generated between adjacent pixel electrodes in this manner, in a liquid crystal device in which the alignment state of the liquid crystal is planned to be controlled by a vertical electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, the Poor alignment is caused. Such poor alignment of the liquid crystal contributes to a reduction in the contrast ratio due to light leakage at the poorly aligned portion or an aperture ratio of each pixel by hiding the poorly aligned portion (that is, each pixel contributes to display with respect to its entire area. This leads to a decrease in the ratio of the area of the light output area), which causes a problem that the displayed image becomes dark. In particular, with the recent increase in definition of a display image, as the distance between adjacent pixel electrodes becomes shorter, the strength of the horizontal electric field increases in inverse proportion to the distance, so that this problem is serious. Increase.

On the other hand, the above-described vertical alignment mode using a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy generally has a lower transmittance than the TN mode or the STN mode, so that it is basically difficult to display a bright image. And there is a fundamental problem that it has hardly been put to practical use. On the other hand, the TN mode and the STN mode are practically used because they can display a bright image, but it is difficult to display a high-quality image due to poor contrast ratio and viewing angle characteristics. There is a point.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and a liquid crystal device capable of displaying a bright, high-contrast, high-quality image with reduced adverse effects due to a horizontal electric field generated during line inversion driving. An object of the present invention is to provide a projection display device including

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a liquid crystal device according to the present invention comprises a pair of first and second liquid crystal devices which sandwich a vertically aligned liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy and face each other. Two substrates, a first pixel electrode group arranged on a side facing the liquid crystal of the first substrate in a first direction when viewed in a plan view, and a first pixel electrode group for inversion driving at a first cycle and the first pixel A plurality of pixel electrodes including a second pixel electrode group arranged side by side with the electrode group in the first direction and driven in reverse at a second period complementary to the first period; and A rubbing treatment is performed on a side facing the liquid crystal on a side facing the liquid crystal, and on at least one of the first and second substrates facing the liquid crystal in a second direction intersecting the first direction when viewed in plan. The alignment state of the liquid crystal is set to be substantially vertical when no voltage is applied. And an alignment film in which the said rubbing treatment so as to have a predetermined pretilt angle in the second direction is performed One,
On the opposite side of the liquid crystal of the first substrate, a first polarizing plate whose polarization axis is obliquely arranged with respect to the second direction when viewed in plan, and on the opposite side of the liquid crystal of the second substrate, A second polarizing plate disposed so that a polarizing axis is oblique to the second direction when viewed in a plane and crosses a polarizing axis of the first polarizing plate.

According to the liquid crystal device of the present invention, at the time of its operation, a plurality of pixel electrodes on the first substrate and the second
The liquid crystal sandwiched between these substrates is driven by a vertical electric field between the substrates and a counter electrode. Then, the light incident on the liquid crystal device is selectively blocked or transmitted by the pair of first and second polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes intersect and the liquid crystal layer whose alignment state is changed between them. And an image is displayed. At this time, the first pixel electrode group is inverted and driven in the first cycle, and the second pixel electrode group arranged side by side with the first pixel electrode is inverted and driven in the second cycle complementary to the first cycle. . That is, the liquid crystal device is driven by the above-described line inversion driving method (1H inversion driving method or 1S inversion driving method). Therefore, flicker and crosstalk can be prevented while avoiding deterioration of the liquid crystal due to application of a DC voltage to the liquid crystal. However, a horizontal electric field is generated between the first pixel electrode group and the second pixel electrode group arranged side by side on the first substrate. Therefore, if no countermeasure is taken here, the liquid crystal that is scheduled to be driven by the vertical electric field will cause poor alignment due to the horizontal electric field. Therefore, in the present invention, particularly, the rubbing treatment is performed on the alignment film provided on at least one of the first and second substrates facing the liquid crystal in a second direction that intersects the first direction in plan view. In addition, the alignment state of the liquid crystal is set to be substantially vertical when no voltage is applied and to have a predetermined pretilt angle in the second direction (for example, the liquid crystal is tilted by about 0.5 degrees from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface). ) The rubbing treatment is performed.

Therefore, the liquid crystal of the vertical alignment type tilts (falls) by rotating in the second direction crossing the first direction when a voltage is applied. On the other hand, a horizontal electric field component parallel to the substrate also occurs in a direction intersecting the first direction.

Here, the transmittance of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention in which a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer is disposed between a pair of polarizing plates whose polarization axes cross each other will be considered.

In the liquid crystal device according to the present invention in which the liquid crystal is inclined in one axis direction, the transmittance T is given by the following equation (1).

T = Sin ² (2α) Sin ² (πΔnd / λ) (1) where α is the angle between the polarization axis of the polarizing plate and the tilt direction (rubbing direction) of the liquid crystal Δnd: the optical film thickness of the liquid crystal (N: refractive index of liquid crystal, d: film thickness of liquid crystal) λ: wavelength of incident light (note that a pair of polarizing plates are arranged so that their polarization axes are orthogonal to each other). In the configuration according to the invention, the transmittance T is theoretically set to 1 by making 2α and πΔnd / λ close to 90 degrees, respectively.
00% can be approached. Moreover, according to the study by the inventor of the present application, the main obstacle to achieving the theoretical transmittance T = 100% is the condition where these two numerical values (2α and πΔnd / λ) are fixed. It has been found that a major obstacle in practice for trying to increase the transmittance T as much as possible is displacement or fluctuation of the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal from one axis direction due to the transverse electric field. That is, when the lateral electric field causes a variation in the tilt direction of the liquid crystal, the above formula (1) itself is not satisfied (for example, the transmittance is 8 because the liquid crystal does not tilt in a uniaxial direction).
(It is reduced to about 0%).

However, in the present invention, the rubbing process is performed in the second direction (that is, along the direction of the horizontal electric field). Therefore, the variation of each liquid crystal molecule from the uniaxial direction due to such a horizontal electric field is reduced. Have been. That is, even if a horizontal electric field acts, the liquid crystal molecules only act as an electric field along the rotation plane of each liquid crystal molecule defined by the rubbing direction, and therefore, each liquid crystal molecule does not deviate from this plane due to the horizontal electric field. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to obtain a transmittance T close to 100%, which is the above theoretical maximum value.
The transmittance T can be increased under the condition that the two numerical values (2α and πΔnd / λ) are fixed.

As a result, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is vertically aligned by the action of the alignment film. A black display is obtained. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, the adverse effect of the lateral electric field is reduced by acting the lateral electric field along the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules (that is, the rubbing direction), and the liquid crystal molecules are uniaxially tilted according to the above-described equation (1). By (falling down), a very high transmittance can be obtained. In addition, since a line inversion drive system such as a 1H inversion drive system or a 1S inversion drive system is employed, and is constructed as a vertical alignment type liquid crystal device, the contrast ratio, the viewing angle characteristics, and the response characteristics are very excellent. . In addition, in order to obtain such a unique effect, a complicated device configuration such as a special electrode structure for regulating the tilt direction of liquid crystal molecules is required as disclosed in, for example, JP-A-07-230097. Without doing so, the liquid crystal device of the present invention can be manufactured relatively easily and is practically advantageous.

In one embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention, the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate is in a range of 38 degrees to 5 degrees with respect to the second direction.
An angle of 2 degrees is formed, and a polarization axis of the second polarizer forms an angle of 38 degrees to 52 degrees with respect to the second direction.

According to this aspect, the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate forms an angle of 38 to 52 degrees with respect to the second direction, and the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate forms an angle of 38 with respect to the second direction. Since the angle is in the range of degrees to 52 degrees, the transmittance of the vertical alignment type liquid crystal device can be increased in accordance with the above-described equation (1). According to the simulation by the inventor of the present application, if these conditions are satisfied, it is possible to obtain a transmittance exceeding 90%, and furthermore, the variation of the transmittance with respect to the shift from the uniaxial direction of the liquid crystal molecules becomes extremely gentle. However, even in the actual case, even if the tilt direction of the liquid crystal slightly deviates from the uniaxial direction, the adverse effect on the transmittance due to it is small, and finally, the display quality is uniform regardless of the shift of the tilt direction of the liquid crystal. It is very advantageous because it can be done.

In this aspect, the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the second direction, and the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the second direction. And the second direction is orthogonal to the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate, and the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.

According to this structure, the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the second direction, and the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the second direction. Since the angle is formed, the transmittance of the vertical alignment type liquid crystal device can be maximized in accordance with the above equation (1).

In another aspect of the liquid crystal device of the present invention, the first substrate further includes a plurality of intersecting scanning lines and a plurality of data lines on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal, wherein The two pixel electrode groups are respectively arranged along the scanning lines, and the rubbing process is performed along the data lines.

According to this aspect, an active matrix driving type or passive matrix driving type liquid crystal device can be realized by using mutually intersecting scanning lines and data lines. In this case, in particular, the first and second pixel electrode groups are respectively arranged along the scanning lines, so that the 1H inversion driving is performed. During the 1H inversion driving, the liquid crystal molecules are connected to the data lines. Since it is uniaxially inclined in the along direction, adverse effects due to the lateral electric field generated in the same direction can be efficiently reduced.

In another aspect of the liquid crystal device of the present invention, the first substrate further includes a plurality of intersecting scanning lines and a plurality of data lines on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal, wherein The two pixel electrode groups are respectively arranged along the data lines, and the rubbing process is performed along the scanning lines.

According to this aspect, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal device of an active matrix drive system or a passive matrix drive system by using mutually intersecting scanning lines and data lines. In this case, in particular, the first and second pixel electrode groups are respectively arranged along the data lines, so that the 1S inversion drive is performed. During the 1S inversion drive, the liquid crystal molecules are applied to the scanning lines. Since it is uniaxially inclined in the along direction, adverse effects due to the lateral electric field generated in the same direction can be efficiently reduced.

In the aspect having the scanning lines and the data lines, the first substrate further includes a plurality of switching elements connected to the plurality of pixel electrodes on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal. A plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of data lines may be respectively connected to the plurality of switching elements.

With this configuration, an active matrix driving type liquid crystal device can be realized by using pixel switching devices such as TFTs and TFDs.

In another embodiment of the liquid crystal device of the present invention,
The substrate has been rubbed, and the first substrate has not been rubbed.

According to this aspect, since it is not necessary to perform the rubbing process on the first substrate on which the switching elements such as the TFTs and the TFDs are formed, it is possible to greatly reduce the occurrence of defects due to the electrostatic breakdown of the elements due to the rubbing process. Further, since the rubbing process is performed on only one substrate, the number of steps can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a projection type display device according to the present invention comprises: a light valve comprising the above-described liquid crystal device according to the present invention; a light source for projecting light into the light valve;
An optical system for projecting the projection light emitted from the light valve.

According to the projection type display device of the present invention, since the above-described liquid crystal device of the present invention (including its various aspects) is provided as a light valve, a bright, high-contrast, high-quality image can be displayed. . In particular, since the vertical alignment mode has a higher contrast ratio than the TN mode, the vertical alignment mode is superior in visibility and reproducibility in a projected image as compared with a conventional TN mode projection display device. Further, since the vertical alignment mode has a wider viewing angle than the TN mode, the contrast ratio is less reduced, and the quality of unevenness in a projected image is superior to that of a conventional TN mode projection display device.

The operation and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the embodiments explained below.

[0030]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the present invention is applied to a transmission type liquid crystal device driven in a vertical alignment mode using a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy and a line inversion driving method.

(Overall Configuration of Liquid Crystal Device) First, the overall configuration of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, a liquid crystal device of a TFT active matrix driving type with a built-in driving circuit will be described as an example. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the liquid crystal device, and FIG.
It is HH 'sectional drawing of FIG.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the liquid crystal device
A liquid crystal layer 50 having a negative dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between a TFT array substrate 10 as an example of a substrate and a counter substrate 20 as an example of a second substrate. In FIG. 2, the alignment film 16 on the first substrate 10 and the alignment film 22 on the second substrate 20 are each composed of an alignment film for vertical alignment, and the present embodiment is configured as a vertical alignment type liquid crystal device. I have. The TFT array substrate 10 and the opposing substrate 20 are fixed to each other by a seal member 52 provided in a seal region located around the image display region 10a.

The sealing material 52 is made of, for example, an ultraviolet curable resin, a thermosetting resin, or the like for bonding both substrates.
After being applied on the TFT array substrate 10 in the manufacturing process, it is cured by ultraviolet irradiation, heating or the like. Further, in the sealing material 52, a gap material (spacer) such as glass fiber or glass beads for setting a distance between the two substrates (a gap between the substrates) to a predetermined value.
Has been sprayed. Therefore, the liquid crystal device is suitable for performing a small-sized enlarged display as in a projector. However, in the case of a large-sized liquid crystal device, when the gap material is relatively small so that the shadow of the gap material cannot be visually recognized in the display image, the gap material may be dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 50.

In FIG. 1, a light-shielding film 53 for defining the frame of the image display area 10a is provided (on the counter substrate 20 side) in parallel with the inside of the seal area where the seal material 52 is arranged.

In FIG. 1, a data line driving circuit 1 is provided in a peripheral area outside the seal area where the seal material 52 is disposed.
01 and the mounting terminals 102 are provided along one side of the TFT array substrate 10, and the scanning line driving circuit 104 is provided along two sides adjacent to this one side. Further T
On one remaining side of the FT array substrate 10, a plurality of wirings 105 for connecting between the scanning line driving circuits 104 provided on both sides of the screen display area are provided. In addition, the counter substrate 2
In at least one of the 0 corners, an upper / lower conductive material 106 for providing electrical continuity between the TFT array substrate 10 and the opposing substrate 20 is provided. The data line driving circuit 101 and the scanning line driving circuit 104 serve to selectively supply an image signal to a pixel electrode 9a (see FIG. 2) provided for each pixel via a pixel switching TFT. Electrodes) and scanning lines (gate electrodes). An image signal converted into a format that can be immediately displayed from a control circuit (not shown) is input to the data line driving circuit 101, and the scanning line driving circuit 104 sequentially sends a scanning signal (gate voltage) to the scanning lines in a pulsed manner. In response, the data line driving circuit 101 sends an image signal (source voltage) to the data line.

In FIG. 2, a plurality of pixel electrodes 9a arranged in a matrix, pixel switching TFTs for driving the pixel electrodes 9a, and wiring lines such as scanning lines, data lines, and capacitance lines are provided on the TFT array substrate 10. And alignment film 16
Are formed. On the other hand, on the opposite substrate 20 (in FIG. 2,
On the lower surface), in addition to the counter electrode 21, a light-shielding film, a color filter, and the like that define a non-opening area for each pixel are formed, and an alignment film 2 made of a polyimide material is formed on the uppermost layer.
2 are formed.

In the manufacturing process, the alignment film 22 is coated with a polyimide material and baked, and then the liquid crystal layer 5 is formed.
A rubbing process is performed to orient the liquid crystal in 0 in a predetermined direction and to give the liquid crystal a predetermined pretilt angle. On the other hand, the alignment film 16 is formed by applying and baking a polyimide material, but is not subjected to a rubbing treatment.

Further, on the outer surface of the TFT array substrate 10 (on the lower surface in FIG. 2), a first polarizing plate 201 is attached, and on the outer surface of the counter substrate 20 (FIG. 2). During,
On the upper surface), a second polarizing plate 202 is attached. The direction of the polarization axis (transmission axis) of the first and second polarizers, the rubbing direction of the alignment film 22, and the arrangement direction of the pixel electrode group driven by line inversion with the same polarity have a certain relationship. This point will be described later.

Since each of the alignment films 16 and 22 is made of polyimide or the like for vertical alignment, when no voltage is applied, the alignment films 1 and 22 are formed.
By the action of 6 and 22, a substantially vertical alignment state is established between the two substrates, for example, about 89.5 degrees with respect to the substrate surface.
Furthermore, since the liquid crystal layer 50 is made of liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy, it tilts in a direction parallel to the substrate surface when a voltage is applied. At this time, each liquid crystal molecule is uniaxial in the rubbing direction applied to the alignment film 22. Incline and tilt. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates by a sealing material 53 in which a portion of the liquid crystal injection port is missing and a sealing material 54 for sealing the liquid crystal injection port after the liquid crystal injection step, as shown in FIG. It becomes.

(Circuit Configuration of Liquid Crystal Device) Next, the circuit configuration of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment and the overall operation thereof will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit of various elements, wirings, and the like in a plurality of pixels formed in a matrix forming an image display area of the liquid crystal device.

In FIG. 3, a plurality of pixels formed in a matrix forming an image display area of the liquid crystal device according to the present embodiment include a plurality of pixel electrodes 9a and a plurality of TFTs 30 for controlling the pixel electrodes 9a. The data line 6a to which the image signal is supplied is connected to the TFT 3
0 is electrically connected to the source. The image signals S1, S2,..., Sn to be written to the data lines 6a may be supplied line-sequentially in this order, or may be supplied to a plurality of adjacent data lines 6a for each group. good. Further, the scanning line 3a is electrically connected to the gate of the TFT 30, and the scanning line 3a is
The scanning signals G1, G2,..., Gm are applied in a pulsed manner in this order. Pixel electrode 9
a is electrically connected to the drain of the TFT 30, and by closing the switch of the TFT 30 as an example of a switching element for a certain period, the data line 6 is turned on.
The image signals S1, S2,..., Sn supplied from a are written at a predetermined timing. The image signals S1, S2,..., S of a predetermined level written in the liquid crystal through the pixel electrode 9a
n is held for a certain period between the counter electrode and the counter electrode formed on the counter substrate. The liquid crystal modulates light by changing the orientation and order of the molecular assembly according to the applied voltage level.
Enables gradation display. In the normally white mode, the incident light cannot pass through the liquid crystal portion according to the applied voltage. In the normally black mode, the incident light passes through the liquid crystal portion according to the applied voltage. The liquid crystal device emits light having a contrast corresponding to the image signal as a whole. Here, in order to prevent the held image signal from leaking, the pixel electrode 9 is used.
A storage capacitor 70 is added in parallel with the liquid crystal capacitor formed between the capacitor a and the counter electrode.

In each embodiment described below, the above-described line inversion drive system (1H inversion drive system or 1S inversion drive system) is employed. As a result, it is possible to perform image display with reduced flicker occurring in the frame or field cycle and particularly reduced vertical crosstalk while avoiding deterioration of the liquid crystal due to the application of the DC voltage.

(First Embodiment) Next, a detailed configuration of the liquid crystal device of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a plurality of pixel groups adjacent to each other on a TFT array substrate on which data lines, scanning lines, pixel electrodes, etc. are formed, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a pixel electrode showing a voltage polarity and a region where a horizontal electric field is generated in each electrode in the 1H inversion driving method, and FIG. 7 is a rubbing axis and a polarizing plate transmission axis (polarization axis). 7 is a graph showing a change characteristic of a transmittance with respect to an angle between the transmittance and the angle of the transmission. In FIG. 5, the scale of each layer and each member is different for each layer and each member so as to have a recognizable size in the drawing.

In FIG. 4, a plurality of transparent pixel electrodes 9a are arranged in a matrix on a TFT array substrate of a liquid crystal device.
(The outline is indicated by a dotted line portion 9a ′), and the data line 6a, the scanning line 3a, and the capacitor line 3b are provided along the vertical and horizontal boundaries of the pixel electrode 9a.
The data line 6a is electrically connected via a contact hole 5 to a source region described later in the semiconductor layer 1a made of, for example, a polysilicon film. The pixel electrode 9a is electrically connected to a drain region described later in the semiconductor layer 1a via the contact hole 8. Further, the scanning line 3a is arranged so as to face the channel region 1a 'indicated by a hatched region in the semiconductor layer 1a which is lower right in the figure.
a functions as a gate electrode. Thus, scanning line 3
Pixel switching TFTs 30 each having a scanning line 3a facing a gate electrode in a channel region 1a 'are provided at intersections of the data line 6a with the data line 6a.

The capacitance line 3b has a main line extending substantially linearly along the scanning line 3a, and a protruding portion protruding upward in the drawing along the data line 6a from a location intersecting the data line 6a.

In FIG. 5, the liquid crystal device is a transparent TFT.
The device includes an array substrate 10 and a transparent counter substrate 20 disposed to face the array substrate 10. The TFT array substrate 10 is made of, for example, a quartz substrate, a glass substrate, or a silicon substrate, and the counter substrate 20 is made of, for example, a glass substrate or a quartz substrate. T
The FT array substrate 10 is provided with a pixel electrode 9a. The pixel electrode 9a is made of, for example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxid).
e) It consists of a transparent conductive thin film such as a film. The pixel electrode 9
A transparent insulating film for preventing short circuit may be formed on the surface of a.

On the other hand, a counter electrode (common electrode) 21 is provided on the entire surface of the counter substrate 20, and an alignment film 22 is provided below the counter electrode. The counter electrode 21 is made of, for example, a transparent conductive thin film such as an ITO film.

Each pixel electrode 9 is provided on the TFT array substrate 10.
A pixel switching TFT 30 that controls switching of each pixel electrode 9a is provided at a position adjacent to the pixel electrode 9a.

The light shielding film 2 is formed on the non-opening area of each pixel between the counter substrate 20 and the counter electrode 21.
3, the incident light does not enter the channel region 1a ', the low-concentration source region 1b, and the low-concentration drain region 1c of the semiconductor layer 1a of the pixel switching TFT 30 from the side of the counter substrate 20. Further, the light shielding film 23 is
It has functions such as improvement of the contrast ratio in the displayed image and prevention of color mixing of color materials when a color filter is used, and it is generated along the scanning line 3a or the data line 6a (that is, at the boundary of each pixel). It also has a function of concealing a poorly-aligned region such as a reverse tilt domain. Such a light shielding film may be formed on the TFT array substrate 10 instead of the counter substrate 20 side.

In the present embodiment, the light-shielding data line 6a made of Al or the like is used to shield a portion of the non-opening area of each pixel along the data line 6a so that the light-shielding data line 6a is formed of the aperture area of each pixel. A contour portion along the data line 6a may be defined, and a non-opening region along the data line 6a may be shielded redundantly or independently by the light shielding film 23 provided on the counter substrate 20. May be.

A sealing material (see FIGS. 1 and 2) is provided between the TFT array substrate 10 and the opposing substrate 20, which are configured as described above and are arranged so that the pixel electrode 9a and the opposing electrode 21 face each other. The liquid crystal layer 50 is formed in the enclosed space.

Referring now to FIG. 6, adjacent pixel electrodes 9 in the 1H inversion driving method employed in this embodiment.
The relationship between the voltage polarity a and the region where the lateral electric field is generated will be described.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6A, during the period of displaying the image signal of the n-th field or frame (where n is a natural number), the liquid crystal indicated by + or-for each pixel electrode 9a. The polarity of the drive voltage is not inverted, and the pixel electrodes 9a are driven with the same polarity for each row. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6B, when displaying the image signal of the (n + 1) th field or one frame, the voltage polarity of the liquid crystal drive voltage at each pixel electrode 9a is inverted, and the (n + 1) th field or one frame of the one frame is displayed. During the period of displaying the image signal, the polarity of the liquid crystal drive voltage indicated by + or-is not inverted for each pixel electrode 9a, and the pixel electrodes 9a are driven with the same polarity for each row. Then, the states shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B are repeated at a cycle of one field or one frame, and the driving by the 1H inversion driving method in the present embodiment is performed. As a result, according to the present embodiment, image display with reduced crosstalk and flicker can be performed while avoiding deterioration of the liquid crystal due to the application of the DC voltage. The 1H inversion drive method is advantageous in that there is almost no crosstalk in the column direction as compared with the 1S inversion drive method.

As can be seen from FIGS. 6A and 6B, in the 1H inversion driving method, the horizontal electric field generation region C1 always has the gap between the pixel electrodes 9a adjacent in the column direction (Y direction). It will be near.

In this embodiment, as shown by a plurality of arrows at the bottom of FIGS. 4 and 6, respectively, the polarization axis (transmission axis) P1 of the first polarizing plate 201 and the polarization axis (transmission axis) of the second polarizing plate 202 are indicated. ) These first polarizers 20 are arranged such that P2 is orthogonal.
The first and second polarizing plates 202 are arranged. In the 1H inversion driving, a column direction (Y direction or data line 6) orthogonal to a row direction (X direction or a direction along the scanning line 3a) equal to the arrangement direction of the pixel electrode group to which a voltage of the same polarity is applied.
The rubbing process is performed with the rubbing direction Rb as the rubbing direction Rb. Then, at the time of 1H inversion drive, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is vertically aligned by the action of the alignment film, so that a good black display can be obtained to a degree substantially dependent on the characteristics of the polarizing plate. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, the lateral electric field acts along the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules (that is, the rubbing direction), thereby reducing the adverse effect of the lateral electric field.
As a result, a very high transmittance can be obtained by uniaxially tilting the liquid crystal molecules.

Here, under the condition that the polarization axis P1 of the first polarizing plate and the polarization axis P2 of the second polarizing plate 202 are perpendicular to each other, the angle between the rubbing direction Rb and the direction P1 of the polarization axis (FIG. 4 and FIG. In FIG. 6, the graph shows the results obtained by performing a simulation based on the above-described equation (1) for the transmittance when the angle (the angle set to 45 degrees) is changed.

As can be seen from the graph shown in FIG. 7, in order to obtain a transmittance of more than 90% according to the above-mentioned equation (1), the direction P1 of the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate 201 must be changed in the rubbing direction Rb. And the direction P2 of the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate 202 must be at an angle of 38 to 52 degrees with respect to the rubbing direction Rb.

Further, as can be seen from the graph shown in FIG. 7, if the conditions for these angles are satisfied, not only a transmittance exceeding 90% can be obtained, but also the uniaxial direction of the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer 50 can be obtained. The variation of the transmittance with respect to the deviation from is very gentle (corresponding to a flat portion near the maximum value on the characteristic curve). For this reason, in the actual case, even if the tilt direction of the liquid crystal is slightly deviated from the uniaxial direction due to some factor such as a manufacturing error, the adverse effect on the transmittance due to the deviation is small.

As is clear from FIG. 7, the direction P1 of the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate 201 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the rubbing direction Rb, and the direction P2 of the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate 202 is The rubbing direction Rb is at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the rubbing direction Rb and is orthogonal to the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate 201, and the rubbing direction Rb is a row direction which is an arrangement direction of a pixel electrode group driven by line inversion with the same polarity. If configured so as to be orthogonal to the (X direction), the transmittance of the vertical alignment type liquid crystal device can be maximized (to about 98% on the characteristic curve) according to the above equation (1). Can be.

Referring again to FIG. 5, a base insulating film 12 is further provided between the TFT array substrate 10 and the plurality of pixel switching TFTs 30. Base insulating film 12
Is formed on the entire surface of the TFT array substrate 10 so that the surface of the TFT array substrate 10 becomes rough when polished, stains remaining after washing, and the like.
0 has the function of preventing the deterioration of the characteristic. Base insulating film 1
2 is a high insulating glass such as, for example, NSG (non-doped silicate glass), PSG (phosphorus silicate glass), BSG (boron silicate glass), BPSG (boron phosphorus silicate glass), a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, etc. Consists of

In this embodiment, the semiconductor layer 1a extends from the high-concentration drain region 1e to form a first storage capacitor electrode 1f, and a part of the capacitor line 3b opposed to the first storage capacitor electrode 1f serves as a second storage capacitor electrode. The insulating thin film 2 including the film is connected to the scanning line 3a.
The storage capacitor 70 is formed by extending from a position facing the first dielectric film and forming a first dielectric film sandwiched between these electrodes.

In FIG. 6, the pixel switching TFT
Reference numeral 30 denotes an LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) structure, and includes a scanning line 3a and a channel region 1 of a semiconductor layer 1a in which a channel is formed by an electric field from the scanning line 3a.
a ', an insulating thin film 2 including a gate insulating film for insulating the scanning line 3a from the semiconductor layer 1a, a data line 6a, a low-concentration source region 1b and a low-concentration drain region 1c of the semiconductor layer 1a, and a high-concentration source of the semiconductor layer 1a. A region 1d and a high-concentration drain region 1e are provided. A corresponding one of the plurality of pixel electrodes 9a is connected to the high-concentration drain region 1e via the contact hole 8. Also, scanning line 3
A first interlayer insulating film 4 having a contact hole 5 leading to the high-concentration source region 1d and a contact hole 8 leading to the high-concentration drain region 1e is formed on the capacitor line 3a and the capacitor line 3b. Further, the data line 6a and the first
On the interlayer insulating film 4, a second interlayer insulating film 7 in which a contact hole 8 to the high concentration drain region 1e is formed. The above-described pixel electrode 9a is provided on the upper surface of the second interlayer insulating film 7 configured as described above.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a data line 6a is provided in a non-opening area of each pixel located in a gap between pixel electrodes 9a adjacent to each other on the left and right in FIG. A portion along the data line 6a in the contour of the opening area is defined, and the data line 6a prevents light leakage in the non-opening area. A storage capacitor 70 is formed below the data line 6a by using a portion of the capacitor line 3b protruding below the data line 6a from a main line portion of the capacitor line 3b. Have been.

In the above-described embodiment, the pixel switching TFT 30 is preferably set to a low level as shown in FIG.
Although it has a DD structure, it may have an offset structure in which impurity ions are not implanted into the low-concentration source region 1b and the low-concentration drain region 1c. A self-aligned TFT in which ions are implanted to form high-concentration source and drain regions in a self-aligned manner may be used. In the present embodiment, the gate switching TFT 30 has a single gate structure in which only one gate electrode is disposed between the high-concentration source region 1d and the high-concentration drain region 1e, but two or more gate electrodes are provided between them. It may be arranged.

Here, the transmittance (%) and the contrast ratio for each of the inversion driving methods when the liquid crystal device of the vertical alignment type configured as described above is driven by various inversion driving methods are as follows. become that way.

Inversion drive system Transmittance (%) Contrast ratio Video inversion drive system 75% 350 Dot inversion drive system 52% 240 1S inversion drive system 45% 210 1H inversion drive system 70% 330 The video inversion drive system has transmittance and Although the contrast ratio is excellent, especially as the number of pixels increases, flicker and crosstalk of the field or frame period, which is the reversal period, occur remarkably. Application is difficult. In the dot inversion driving method, both the transmittance and the contrast ratio are generally low.
In the 1S inversion driving method, the transmittance and the contrast ratio are also low.

On the other hand, the 1H inversion driving method employed in this embodiment is excellent in both transmittance and contrast ratio, and does not generate flicker or crosstalk unlike the video inversion driving method. Eventually, a bright and high-quality image can be displayed. In particular, the 1 shown here
The difference between the S inversion driving method and the 1H inversion driving method is that the rubbing direction (that is, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted) and the direction of the horizontal electric field are aligned, and that they are not aligned. It is thought to be mainly due to variation.
That is, as in the present invention, the direction P1 of the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate 201, the direction P2 of the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate 202, the rubbing direction Rb of the alignment film 22, and the pixel electrode driven by the line inversion with the same polarity. It can be said that the transmittance and the contrast ratio in the vertical alignment type liquid crystal device can be significantly increased by providing a certain relationship with the group arrangement direction (in the present embodiment, the direction of the scanning line).

As described in detail above, according to the first embodiment, the adverse effect due to the lateral electric field can be efficiently reduced, so that the brightness and the contrast ratio can be significantly improved. The viewing angle characteristics and the response characteristics can be significantly improved as compared with the mode and the STN mode.

In the present embodiment described above, the rubbing treatment of the alignment film is performed on the counter substrate 20 side (that is, the alignment film 2).
2), and need not be performed on the TFT array substrate 10 side (that is, on the alignment film 16).
Since the rubbing process need only be formed on one substrate as described above, the number of steps can be reduced, and accordingly, the occurrence of defects can be reduced. Moreover, on the TFT array substrate 10,
There is no need to perform a rubbing process, and various wirings such as the scanning lines 3a, the capacitance lines 3b, and the data lines 6a formed on the TFT array substrate 10 and the pixel switching TFTs 30 are formed.
The occurrence of defects due to electrostatic breakdown in electronic devices and the like can be significantly reduced. However, even when the rubbing process is performed on the alignment film 16 and the rubbing process is not performed on the alignment film 22, the VA liquid crystal forming the liquid crystal layer 50 is applied to the voltage by the alignment films 16 and 22. It is also possible to perform vertical alignment at a predetermined pretilt angle when no voltage is applied. Alternatively, even if a rubbing process is performed on both the alignment films 16 and 22, the VA liquid crystal can be vertically aligned in this way.

In the first embodiment described above, a TFT
When applied to any type of liquid crystal device other than the active matrix driving method, such as the TFD active matrix driving method and the passive matrix driving method, the unique effect of reducing the adverse effect of the lateral electric field is exhibited. Further, not only a liquid crystal device with a built-in drive circuit (see FIGS. 1 and 2),
Even when the first embodiment is applied to a liquid crystal device in which a driving circuit is externally attached, the same effect can be obtained.

(Second Embodiment) The second embodiment of the liquid crystal device of the present invention
An embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a pixel electrode showing a voltage polarity and a region where a lateral electric field is generated in each electrode in the S inversion driving method.

The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the 1S inversion driving method shown in FIG. 8 is employed, the rubbing direction Rb, the direction P1 of the polarization axis of the first polarizing plate 201, and the rubbing direction Rb. The setting of the direction P2 of the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate 202 is different, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.

In the case of the 1S inversion driving method, as shown in FIG. 8A, during the period of displaying the image signal of the n-th field or frame, the liquid crystal driving voltage indicated by + or-for each pixel electrode 9a. Are not inverted, and the pixel electrodes 9a are driven with the same polarity for each column. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8B, when displaying the image signal of the (n + 1) th field or one frame, the voltage polarity of the liquid crystal driving voltage in each pixel electrode 9a is inverted, and the (n + 1) th field or one frame of the one frame is displayed. During the period of displaying the image signal, the polarity of the liquid crystal drive voltage indicated by + or-is not inverted for each pixel electrode 9a, and the pixel electrode 9a is driven with the same polarity for each column. Then, the states shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B are repeated at a cycle of one field or one frame. As a result, image display with reduced crosstalk and flicker can be performed while avoiding deterioration of the liquid crystal due to the application of the DC voltage. As can be seen from FIGS. 8A and 8B, 1
In the S inversion driving method, the horizontal electric field generation region C2 is always near the gap between the pixel electrodes 9a adjacent to each other in the row direction (X direction).

However, in the second embodiment, as shown by a plurality of arrows in the lower part of FIG. 8, the vertical alignment type liquid crystal device configured in the same manner as the first embodiment is connected to the polarization axis (first polarization plate 201) of the first polarizing plate 201. The first polarizing plate 201 such that the transmission axis P1 and the polarization axis (transmission axis) P2 of the second polarizing plate 202 are orthogonal to each other.
And the second polarizing plate 202. In the 1S inversion drive, a row direction (X direction or scanning line 3a) orthogonal to a column direction (Y direction or direction along data line 6a) equal to the arrangement direction of pixel electrode groups to which voltages of the same polarity are applied.
Rubbing process is performed with the rubbing direction Rb as the rubbing direction Rb. Then, at the time of 1S inversion drive, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is vertically aligned by the action of the alignment film, so that a good black display can be obtained to a degree substantially dependent on the characteristics of the first and second polarizing plates. . On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, the adverse effect of the lateral electric field is reduced by acting the lateral electric field along the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules (that is, the rubbing direction), and the liquid crystal molecules are uniaxially tilted according to the above-described equation (1). Thereby, a very high transmittance can be obtained.

As a result, according to the second embodiment, the adverse effect due to the lateral electric field can be efficiently reduced, so that the brightness and the contrast ratio can be remarkably improved. In addition, the TN mode or the STN mode can be achieved by employing the vertical alignment mode. The viewing angle characteristics and the response characteristics can be remarkably improved as compared with the case of the first embodiment.

In the liquid crystal device according to each of the embodiments described above, a polarizing film, a retardation film, and the like may be disposed in a predetermined direction on the outer surface of the counter substrate 20 and the outer surface of the TFT array substrate 10, respectively.

Further, in each of the above embodiments, JP-A-9-127497, JP-B-3-52611, JP-A-3-125123, and JP-A-8-171.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 101-101 or the like, a light-shielding film made of, for example, a high-melting-point metal may be provided on the TFT array substrate 10 at a position facing the pixel switching TFT 30 (that is, below the TFT). . Thus, TFT
If a light-shielding film is also provided on the lower side, reflection on the back surface (return light) from the side of the TFT array substrate 10 and a combination of a plurality of liquid crystal devices via a prism or the like constitute another optical system. It is possible to prevent a projected light portion or the like that penetrates through the prism or the like from the liquid crystal device described above from entering the TFT of the liquid crystal device. Further, a micro lens may be formed on the counter substrate 20 so as to correspond to one pixel. In this case, a bright liquid crystal device can be realized by improving the efficiency of collecting incident light. Furthermore, a dichroic filter that produces RGB colors using light interference may be formed by depositing a number of interference layers having different refractive indexes on the counter substrate 20. According to the counter substrate with the dichroic filter, a brighter color liquid crystal device can be realized.

(Electronic Apparatus) Next, an embodiment of an electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal device according to the embodiment described in detail above will be described with reference to FIGS.

First, FIG. 9 shows a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal device 100 including the liquid crystal device of the above-described embodiment and an electronic apparatus including a driving circuit 1004 thereof.

In FIG. 9, the electronic equipment includes a display information output source 1000, a display information processing circuit 1002, a drive circuit 10
04, a liquid crystal device 100, a clock generation circuit 1008, and a power supply circuit 1010. The display information output source 1000 includes a ROM (Read Only Memory), RA
M (Random Access Memory), a memory such as an optical disk device, a tuning circuit for tuning and outputting an image signal, etc.
Based on a clock signal from the clock generation circuit 1008, display information such as an image signal in a predetermined format is output to the display information processing circuit 1002. Display information processing circuit 1
Reference numeral 002 includes various known processing circuits such as an amplification / polarity inversion circuit, a phase expansion circuit, a rotation circuit, a gamma correction circuit, and a clamp circuit, and converts a display signal input based on a clock signal into a digital signal. Are sequentially generated and output to the drive circuit 1004 together with the clock signal CLK. The drive circuit 1004 drives the liquid crystal device 100. The power supply circuit 1010 supplies a predetermined power to each of the above-described circuits. Note that the drive circuit 1004 may be mounted on the TFT array substrate included in the liquid crystal device 100, and in addition, the display information processing circuit 1002 may be mounted.

Next, FIG. 10 to FIG. 12 show specific examples of the electronic apparatus thus configured.

In FIG. 10, a liquid crystal projector 1100, which is an example of electronic equipment, prepares three liquid crystal modules each including the liquid crystal device 100 in which the above-described drive circuit 1004 is mounted on a TFT array substrate, and each of them has a light valve for RGB. The projector is used as 100R, 100G, and 100B. LCD projector 11
In 00, when the projection light is emitted from a lamp unit 1102 of a white light source such as a metal halide lamp, three mirrors 1106 and two dichroic mirrors 1108
Light components R, G, and B corresponding to the three primary colors RGB.
Light valves 100R, 1R corresponding to each color
00G and 100B respectively. At this time, in particular, the B light is applied to the incident lens 1 to prevent light loss due to a long optical path.
122, relay lens 1123 and emission lens 1124
And is guided through a relay lens system 1121 composed of Then, the light components corresponding to the three primary colors modulated by the light valves 100R, 100G, and 100B, respectively, are combined again by the dichroic prism 1112, and then projected as a color image on the screen 1120 via the projection lens 1114.

Referring to FIG. 11, a laptop personal computer (PC) 1200 for multimedia, which is another example of electronic equipment, includes the above-described liquid crystal device 100 in a top cover case, and further includes a CPU,
The keyboard 1202 accommodates a memory, a modem, and the like.
Is provided.

Further, as shown in FIG.
Liquid crystal device 1 which does not include the display device 4 or the display information processing circuit 1002
In the case of 00, the IC 1324 including the drive circuit 1004 and the display information processing circuit 1002
TCP (Tape Carrier Package) 1 mounted on 2
The liquid crystal device 100 can be physically, electrically and electrically connected to the TFT array substrate 320 via an anisotropic conductive film provided on the peripheral portion of the TFT array substrate 1 to produce, sell, use, and the like.

In addition to the electronic devices described above with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12, a liquid crystal television, a viewfinder type or a monitor direct-view type video tape recorder, a car navigation device, an electronic organizer, a calculator, a word processor, an engineering machine, etc. A workstation (EWS), a mobile phone, a video phone, a POS terminal, a device equipped with a touch panel, and the like are examples of the electronic apparatus shown in FIG.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be appropriately modified without departing from the gist or idea of the invention which can be read from the claims and the entire specification. Such a liquid crystal device and a projection type display device having the same are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an overall configuration of a liquid crystal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line H-H 'of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit of various elements, wiring, and the like provided in a plurality of pixels in a matrix forming an image display area in the liquid crystal device of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a plurality of pixel groups adjacent to each other on a TFT array substrate on which data lines, scanning lines, pixel electrodes, and the like are formed in the liquid crystal device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a pixel electrode showing a voltage polarity and a region where a lateral electric field is generated in each electrode in the 1H inversion driving method used in the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing a change characteristic of transmittance with respect to an angle between a rubbing axis and a transmission axis of a polarizing plate in the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a pixel electrode showing a voltage polarity and a region where a lateral electric field is generated in each electrode in the 1S inversion driving method used in the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of an electronic device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal projector as an example of an electronic apparatus.

FIG. 11 is a front view showing a personal computer as another example of the electronic apparatus.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating a liquid crystal device using TCP as another example of the electronic apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 9a: Pixel electrode 10: TFT array substrate 20: Counter substrate 21: Counter electrode 22: Alignment film 23: Light shielding film 30: TFT 50: Liquid crystal layer 52: Sealing material 53: Light shielding film 54: Sealing material 101: Data line drive Circuit 104: Scan line drive circuit

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2H088 EA14 EA15 HA02 HA08 HA18 KA18 KA27 MA02 MA18 2H090 HB08Y HC05 HD14 KA04 LA04 LA09 LA12 MA01 MA07 MA10 MB01 2H092 JA25 JB02 NA04 PA02 PA06 PA11 QA06 RA05

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A pair of first and second substrates opposed to each other while sandwiching a vertical alignment type liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and a planar surface on a side of the first substrate opposed to the liquid crystal. The first pixel electrode group and the first pixel electrode group, which are arranged in the first direction for inversion driving in the first cycle, and are arranged side by side with the first pixel electrode in the first direction. A plurality of pixel electrodes including a second pixel electrode group for inversion driving in a second cycle complementary to the first and second substrates; a counter electrode on a side of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal; and the first and second substrates. A rubbing process is performed on at least one of the sides facing the liquid crystal in a second direction that intersects the first direction when viewed in a plan view, so that the alignment state of the liquid crystal is substantially vertical when no voltage is applied. So as to have a predetermined pretilt angle in the second direction. An alignment film that has been subjected to a flashing process; a first polarizing plate having a polarizing axis disposed obliquely to the second direction in a plan view on the opposite side of the first substrate from the liquid crystal; A second polarizing plate disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal of the two substrates, the polarizing axis being arranged obliquely to the second direction and intersecting with the polarizing axis of the first polarizing plate in a plan view. A liquid crystal device. 2. The polarizing axis of the first polarizing plate forms an angle of 38 to 52 degrees with respect to the second direction, and the polarizing axis of the second polarizing plate forms an angle of 38 with respect to the second direction.
The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal device forms an angle of degrees to 52 degrees. 3. The polarizing axis of the first polarizing plate forms an angle of 45 degrees with the second direction, and the polarizing axis of the second polarizing plate forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the second direction.
3. The liquid crystal device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal device forms an angle and is orthogonal to the polarization axis of the first polarizer, and the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction. 4. 4. A method according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines intersecting each other on a side of said first substrate facing said liquid crystal, wherein said first and second pixel electrode groups are respectively provided with said scanning. 4. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal device is arranged along a line, and the rubbing process is performed along the data line. 5. 5. The semiconductor device further comprises a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines intersecting each other on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal, wherein the first and second pixel electrode groups respectively include the data lines. 4. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal device is arranged along a line, and the rubbing process is performed along the scanning line. 5. 6. The semiconductor device further comprising a plurality of switching elements connected to the plurality of pixel electrodes on a side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal, wherein the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of data lines are provided. The liquid crystal device according to claim 4, wherein each of the plurality of switching elements is connected to the plurality of switching elements. 7. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the rubbing process is performed on the second substrate, and the rubbing process is not performed on the first substrate. 8. A light valve comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 1, a light source for projecting light to the light valve, and projecting the projection light emitted from the light valve. A projection display device comprising an optical system.