JP2001194490A - Ventilation and air-conditioning apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain negative pressure in a cell and the like and cooling of inside of the cell by ventilating the cell, even in the case of stoppage of an air-exhaust ventilator. SOLUTION: The apparatus comprises by-pass lines 15 and 16 for by-passing the air sucked from a closed room 1 inside from the suction side to the exhaust side of the air-exhaust ventilator 4, a damper 14 which is provided to the by- pass lines 15 and 16 and opens, when the pressure in the suction side of the air-exhaust ventilator 4 exceeds a specific value, an exhaust path which forms a part of the by-pass lines 15 and 16, takes in the inside air from the lower side by way of the damper 14, when the damper 14 opens and exhausts from the upper side to the exhaust side of the air-exhaust ventilator 4, and a heating means 27 for heating the exhaust path. When the damper 14 opens, natural convection from the lower side to the upper side is generated in the exhaust path by the heating means 27 and the inside air of the closed room 1 is exhausted by the natural convection.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilation air conditioning system and a ventilation air conditioning method in a reprocessing facility, a nuclear fuel processing facility, and a facility using nuclear fuel (hereinafter referred to as "nuclear fuel cycle facility"). The present invention relates to a ventilation air conditioning system and a ventilation air conditioning method capable of maintaining ventilation air conditioning even when a power source cannot be used due to factors such as the above.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a nuclear fuel cycle facility, because of handling radioactive materials in the facility, this type of ventilation and air conditioning equipment is
In addition to simply ventilating the facility, the pressure inside the compartment that handles radioactive materials (refers to cells, glove boxes, rooms, etc .; these are hereinafter referred to as "cells, etc.")
It is positioned as a facility to maintain negative pressure for parts that do not handle radioactive materials.

[0003] Thus, the radioactive substance is confined in the cell or the like so that the radioactive substance is not released to the outside of the cell or the like.

[0004] Further, since a radioactive substance generates heat by decay heat, this type of ventilation air conditioning equipment is also positioned as equipment for cooling the inside of a cell or the like.

FIG. 10 is a schematic system diagram showing an example of this type of conventionally used ventilation and air conditioning equipment.

In the conventional ventilating air-conditioning system shown in FIG. 10, a gap 2 is formed in a wall of a cell or the like 1 (a pipe,
In many cases, a conduit, a manipulator, a drive shaft, and the like are penetrated and a small gap is formed around the penetrating portion. The inside of the cell 1 is maintained at a negative pressure with respect to the outside of the cell 1, thereby preventing the radioactive substance from leaking to the outside of the cell 1.

The air sucked from the cell or the like 1 by the exhaust fan 4 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 6 to the outside of the building 3 after the particulate radioactive material is removed by the exhaust filter 5.

In addition, the flow of the ventilation causes
The heat generated inside the device (radiation decay heat and heat radiation from high-temperature equipment) is removed.

As described above, since the ventilation and air-conditioning equipment 10 provided in the nuclear fuel cycle facility is an important equipment for safety, the exhaust fan 4 is multiplexed and the power supply to the exhaust fan 4 is duplicated (common system, Emergency).

In some cases, an air supply system filter 7 and a check damper 8 are provided on the air supply side of the cell 1 or the like.

[0011]

However, such a conventional ventilation and air conditioning system has the following problems.

That is, in the conventional ventilation and air-conditioning equipment, when the power supply to the exhaust fan 4 is lost, the ventilation function of the cell 1 and the like is lost due to the stop of the exhaust fan 4.
There is a problem that the negative pressure inside the cell or the like 1 cannot be maintained, and air containing a radioactive substance may leak out of the cell or the like 1 from the through-hole gap 2.

Further, since the heat removal function inside the cell etc. 1 is also lost, the temperature inside the cell etc. 1 rises, and the temperature of the combustible material (organic solvent etc.) stored inside the cell etc. 1 also rises. However, there is a problem that a fire or the like may be caused.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and includes a chemical heat pump that operates without using a power supply, and performs ventilation of cells and the like even when an exhaust fan stops due to loss of power or the like. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation air conditioning system and a ventilation air conditioning method capable of maintaining negative pressure of a cell or the like and cooling of the inside of the cell or the like.

[0015]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following measures.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the internal air pressure becomes lower than the external air pressure outside the closed chamber by sucking the internal air in the closed chamber by the exhaust fan and exhausting the air outside the closed chamber. And a bypass line for bypassing the internal air sucked from the closed chamber from the suction side of the exhaust fan to the discharge side, and the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan is set to a predetermined value. When the damper opens, it forms a part of the bypass line, and when the damper opens, takes in the internal air in the closed chamber from the lower side through the damper and takes the internal air from the upper side to the exhaust side of the exhaust fan An exhaust flow path provided for discharging, and a heating means for heating the exhaust flow path, wherein when the damper is opened, heating of the exhaust flow path by the heating means causes the exhaust flow path to be heated. In to generate a natural convection directed from the lower side to the upper side, to exhaust the air inside the sealed chamber by the natural convection.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating and air-conditioning equipment according to the first aspect of the present invention, an external air intake for taking in outside air outside the closed chamber and discharging the air to the closed chamber side due to a pressure difference between the closed chamber and the outside of the closed chamber. And an air supply line provided with an air supply port for supplying external air discharged from the external air intake side into the closed chamber, and an air supply flow path provided to form a part of the air supply line And a cooling means for cooling the air supply flow path, and when the damper is opened, by heating the exhaust flow path by the heating means, a natural convection from the lower side to the upper side in the exhaust flow path is generated. The internal air in the closed chamber is exhausted by natural convection, and the external air taken into the air supply channel is cooled by cooling the air supply channel by the cooling means, and the cooled external air is supplied to the air supply line. Closed room through mouth Cooling the sealed chamber by the air supply.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the internal air pressure in the closed chamber is suctioned by the exhaust fan and exhausted to the outside of the closed chamber so that the internal air pressure becomes lower than the external air pressure outside the closed chamber. In the ventilating air-conditioning equipment to be maintained, a bypass line for bypassing the internal air sucked from the closed chamber from the suction side of the exhaust fan to the discharge side is provided, and the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan is set to a predetermined value or more in the bypass line. A first adsorbent filling section filled with an adsorbent that generates heat by the heat of adsorption when moisture is adsorbed, and a part of a bypass line. When the damper is opened, the internal air in the closed chamber is exhausted. An adsorber having an exhaust passage provided to take in air from the suction side of the blower to the lower side via a damper and discharge the air from the upper side to the discharge side of the exhaust fan. A second adsorbent filling section filled with an adsorbent generating heat and a liquid coolant for cooling the second adsorbent filling section are stored, and a first valve is provided in the first adsorbent filling section. And an intermediate adsorption evaporator including a first cooling unit for maintaining the steam pressure at a positive pressure higher than that of the first adsorbent filling unit when the first valve is closed. Is opened, the first valve is opened to allow the liquid coolant stored in the first cooling unit to communicate with the first cooling unit and the first cooling unit.
Is vaporized by the difference in water vapor pressure between the adsorbent and the first adsorbent filling section to generate cold heat due to the latent heat of evaporation in the first cooling section, and the generated steam is supplied to the first adsorbent filling section. The adsorbent is heated by being adsorbed on the adsorbent to generate heat, thereby generating natural convection from the lower side to the upper side in the exhaust passage, and exhausting the internal air in the closed chamber by the natural convection.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating and air-conditioning equipment according to the first or third aspect, the damper is provided with a difference {(suction of the exhaust fan) between the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan and the pressure on the exhaust passage side. Side pressure)-(pressure on the exhaust flow rate side)} exceeds a predetermined value.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating and air-conditioning equipment according to the third or fourth aspect of the present invention, the adsorber and the intermediate adsorption evaporator are each formed by arranging a number of tubes in a shell which is a cylindrical container. The tube of the adsorber is formed as a first adsorbent filling section, the shell of the adsorber is formed as a first cooling section, while the shell of the adsorber is formed as an exhaust passage, and the shell of the intermediate adsorber is formed as a first cooling section. Forming the tube of the intermediate adsorption evaporator as the second adsorbent filling section.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating air-conditioning system according to any one of the third to fifth aspects of the present invention, external air outside the closed room is taken in by the pressure difference between the closed room and the outside of the closed room. An external air intake that discharges air to the closed air chamber and an air supply line that supplies external air that is discharged from the external air intake side into the closed chamber, forming a part of the air supply line And a liquid coolant for cooling the external air taken into the supply flow path is stored, and connected to the second adsorbent filling section via a second valve, and When the valve is closed, the evaporator is provided with a second cooling unit in which the steam pressure is maintained at a positive pressure than the second adsorbent filling unit. When the damper is opened, the first valve is opened. The liquid coolant stored in the first cooling unit is
Vaporized by the difference in steam pressure between the cooling section and the first adsorbent filling section to generate steam, and the first cooling section generates cold heat due to the latent heat of the steam. The adsorbent in the adsorbent filling section is adsorbed on the adsorbent to generate heat, thereby heating the adsorber, generating natural convection from the lower side to the upper side in the exhaust flow path, and causing the internal air in the closed chamber to flow by the natural convection. Evacuate and open the second valve to evaporate the liquid coolant stored in the second cooling section due to the difference in steam pressure between the second adsorbent filling section and the second cooling section. Then, by generating cold heat due to the latent heat of evaporation in the second cooling section, the external air taken into the air supply passage is cooled, and the cooled external air is supplied through the air supply port of the air supply line. Cooling the enclosed room by supplying air to the enclosed room That.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating air-conditioning equipment according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the inside of a building which is interposed between the evaporator and the closed room, is outside the closed room and has the closed room therein. A communication duct communicating the space and the air supply line is provided, and the pressure of the external air discharged from the air supply flow path to the air supply line is
When the pressure is higher than the pressure in the internal space of the building, a part of the external air is discharged to the internal space of the building via the communication duct according to the pressure difference between the pressure of the external air and the pressure of the internal space of the building.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating air conditioner of the sixth or seventh aspect, the intermediate adsorption evaporator includes an intermediate adsorption evaporator heating means for heating the intermediate adsorption evaporator itself. The evaporator is provided at a lower position than the intermediate adsorption evaporator, and is provided with evaporator cooling means for cooling the evaporator. When the damper is closed, the first valve is closed, and the intermediate adsorption evaporator heating means Heats the intermediate adsorption evaporator to desorb the vapor adsorbed in the second adsorbent filling section, and cools the evaporator by the evaporator cooling means to return the desorbed vapor to the liquid coolant. The material is dropped and returned to the second cooling section.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating air conditioner of the eighth aspect, the adsorber includes an adsorber heating means for heating the adsorber itself, and the intermediate adsorption evaporator is located below the adsorber. The first valve is closed when the damper is closed, and the intermediate adsorption evaporator is heated by the intermediate adsorption evaporator heating means. The evaporator cools the evaporator by evaporator cooling means to return the desorbed vapor to the liquid coolant while heating and desorbing the vapor adsorbed in the second adsorbent filling section. After dropping back to the part, open the first valve and close the second valve,
The adsorber is heated by the adsorber heating means to desorb the vapor adsorbed in the first adsorbent filling section, and the intermediate adsorption evaporator is cooled by the intermediate adsorption evaporator cooling means to convert the desorbed vapor to a liquid coolant. Then, the liquid coolant is dropped and returned to the first cooling unit.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the ventilating air-conditioning equipment according to any one of the sixth to ninth aspects, the adsorber,
The intermediate adsorption evaporator and the evaporator have a shell-and-tube structure in which a number of tubes are arranged in a shell that is a cylindrical container, and the shell of the adsorber is formed as an exhaust passage, and the tube of the adsorber is formed as a second tube. 1 as the adsorbent filling section, the shell of the intermediate adsorption evaporator as the first cooling section, and the tube of the intermediate adsorption evaporator as the second cooling section.
, The shell of the evaporator is formed as an air supply passage, and the tube of the evaporator is formed as a second cooling unit.

In the eleventh aspect, the first to tenth aspects are provided.
The inside air in the closed room is exhausted by using the ventilation air-conditioning equipment according to any one of the above aspects.

[0027]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The same reference numerals in the drawings used in the description of the following embodiments denote the same parts as in FIG.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram showing an example of a ventilation air conditioning system to which a ventilation air conditioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

That is, in the prior art shown in FIG. 10, an air supply line to the cell or the like 1 is individually provided, and an air supply system filter 7 and a check damper 8 are provided on each air supply line. I was On the other hand, in the ventilation air-conditioning system to which the ventilation air-conditioning method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied, the check damper 8 is omitted, and the air supply line to the plurality of cells 1 and the air supply system filter 7 are shared. At the same time, in addition to the conventional ventilation and air-conditioning equipment 10, a chemical heat pump equipment 40 as an emergency ventilation and air-conditioning equipment is installed inside the building 3 shown in FIG.
Is added.

The chemical heat pump equipment 40 comprises a two-stage chemical heat pump 41 having an adsorber 11, an intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12, and an evaporator 13, and a check damper 14
Adsorber inlet duct 15 and adsorber outlet duct 16
Evaporator inlet duct 17 and evaporator outlet duct 18
And a pressure communication duct 19.

The check damper 14 is provided with an adsorber inlet duct 15.
It is closed when the ventilating air-conditioning equipment 10 is operating normally, but the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan 4 and the pressure on the downstream side of the check damper 14 due to the stop of the exhaust fan 4 etc. Is automatically opened when the difference from the predetermined value exceeds a predetermined value.

The adsorber inlet duct 15 is connected to the check damper 14.
Is a duct for bypassing the air exhausted from the cell or the like 1 without passing through the exhaust fan 4 and supplying the air to the adsorber 11 when the air is opened, and connects the suction side of the exhaust fan 4 to the adsorber 11. are doing.

The adsorber outlet duct 16 is a duct for discharging the air supplied to the adsorber 11 through the adsorber inlet duct 15 to the exhaust side of the exhaust fan 4.
And the exhaust side of the blower 4 are connected.

The evaporator inlet duct 17 has an opening 3 at one end.
2. The other end is connected to the evaporator 13, and takes in the external air of the cell 1 from the opening 32 and supplies the air to the evaporator 13.

The evaporator outlet duct 18 is a duct for discharging air supplied to the evaporator 13 through the evaporator inlet duct 17 to the air supply side of the cell or the like 1.
And a pressure communication duct 19 described later.

One end of the pressure communication duct 19 has the opening 3.
3. The other end is connected to the upstream side of the air supply filter 7,
The internal pressure of the evaporator outlet duct 18 is equal to the internal space 3 of the building 3.
4 (inside the building 3 and outside the cell etc. 1), the evaporation is performed according to the pressure difference between the internal pressure of the evaporator outlet duct 18 and the pressure of the internal space 34 of the building 3. By returning a part of the air in the vessel outlet duct 18 from the opening 33 toward the internal space 34 of the building 3, excessive supply of air to the cells 1 and the like is prevented.

Next, the configuration of the two-stage chemical heat pump 41 will be described in detail.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a two-stage chemical heat pump.

As shown in FIG. 2, the adsorber 11, the intermediate adsorber / evaporator 12, and the evaporator 13 are shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

The adsorber 11 has an adsorbent filling section 21 filled with silica gel particles on the tube side. Further, after the air connected to the adsorber inlet duct 15 and the adsorber outlet duct 16 and the air taken in from the cell or the like 1 side through the adsorber inlet duct 15 flows through the adsorber 11, the adsorber outlet duct The air flow path 22 for discharging air from the shell 16 is on the shell side. The adsorber inlet duct 15 and the adsorber outlet duct 16 are connected to the lower side and the upper side of the shell, respectively.

The adsorber 11 further comprises a regeneration heater 2 for heating the adsorber 11 to desorb the water vapor adsorbed on the silica gel particles in the adsorbent filling section 21 from the silica gel particles.
7 is provided.

The intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 has an adsorbent filling section 23 filled with silica gel particles on the tube side.
Further, a coolant storage part 24 storing water for cooling the adsorbent filling part 23 is used as a shell side.

The intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 further includes a regeneration heater / cooler 28 for heating or cooling the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12. The regeneration heater / cooler 28 removes the water vapor adsorbed on the silica gel particles in the adsorbent filling section 23,
When desorbing from the silica gel particles, the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 is heated, and when returning the evaporated portion of the water stored in the refrigerant storage unit 24 to a liquid, the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 is turned off. Cooling.

The evaporator 13 has an evaporator inlet duct 17 and
An air flow which is connected to the evaporator outlet duct 18 and flows through the evaporator 13 through air taken in from the outside of the cell or the like 1 via the evaporator inlet duct 17, and then is discharged from the evaporator outlet duct 18. The road portion 26 is on the shell side. The evaporator inlet duct 17 and the evaporator outlet duct 18 are connected to the upper side and the lower side of the shell, respectively. Further, the refrigerant storage section 25 storing water for cooling the air flowing through the air flow path section 26 is on the tube side.

The evaporator 13 further includes a regeneration cooler 29 for cooling the evaporator 13. The regenerative cooler 29 cools the evaporator 13, thereby returning the evaporated portion of the water stored in the refrigerant storage unit 25 to liquid.

The adsorbent filling section 21 of the adsorber 11 and the refrigerant storage section 24 of the intermediate adsorber / evaporator 12 communicate with each other.
A valve 30 is provided at a portion connecting the adsorber 11 and the intermediate adsorber / evaporator 12, and when the exhaust fan 4 is activated, the valve 30 is closed, and the adsorbent filling unit 21 and the refrigerant storage unit are closed. 24
And shut off. When the valve 30 is closed, the water vapor pressure of the refrigerant storage section 24 is set to be more positive than the water vapor pressure of the adsorbent filling section 21.

The adsorbent filling section 23 of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12
And the refrigerant storage portion 25 of the evaporator 13 communicate with each other,
A valve 31 is provided at a portion connecting the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 and the evaporator 13, and when the exhaust fan 4 is activated, the valve 31 is closed, and the adsorbent filling section 23 and the refrigerant storage section are closed. 25
And shut off. When the valve 31 is closed, the steam pressure in the refrigerant storage section 25 is set to be more positive than the steam pressure in the adsorbent filling section 23.

When the exhaust fan 4 is stopped due to loss of power or the like, the pressure of the suction side of the exhaust fan 4 increases and the check damper 1 is stopped.
By opening the valve 4 and the valve 31 of the two-stage chemical heat pump 41 automatically, the chemical heat pump equipment 40 operates.

Next, the operation of the ventilation and air conditioning equipment to which the ventilation and air conditioning method according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above is applied will be described.

In the embodiment of the present invention, when the exhaust fan 4 is activated, the chemical heat pump equipment 40 is stopped, and ventilation of the cell 1 is performed by the exhaust fan 4 of the ventilation air conditioning equipment 10. The exhaust gas from the cell or the like 1 that has been purified through the exhaust system filter 5 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 6 to the outside of the building 3.

A pressure communication duct 19 is provided inside the cell 1 or the like.
Is taken in from the opening 33 of the evaporator inlet duct 17, and air taken in from the opening 33 of the evaporator 13 is supplied through the air supply filter 7.
Air is supplied through an evaporator outlet duct 18.

Next, the operation when the exhaust fan 4 is stopped due to loss of power or the like will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The exhaust fan 4 stops due to a power loss or the like (S
1), the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan 4 increases (S2).
The difference between the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan 4 and the pressure on the downstream side of the check damper 14 {(pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan 4) − (pressure on the downstream side of the check damper 14)} is a predetermined value. When the above is reached (S3: Yes), the check damper 14 automatically opens,
The air exhausted from the cell or the like 1 flows into the adsorber inlet duct 15.
(S4).

As described above, when the check damper 14 is opened, the valves 30 and 31 are opened (S5). This may be performed manually or by a device that opens these valves in conjunction with the opening operation of the check damper 14.

When the valve 30 is opened, the adsorbent filling section 21 of the adsorber 11 and the refrigerant storage section 24 of the intermediate adsorber / evaporator 12 are in communication with each other. The difference between the water vapor pressure and the driving force is used as the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12
The water in the refrigerant storage portion 24 evaporates, and cold heat is generated by the latent heat of evaporation (S6). Then, the water vapor generated by the evaporation of the water is adsorbed on the silica gel particles in the adsorbent filling section 21 of the adsorber 11, and the adsorbent filling section 21 of the adsorber 11 generates heat due to the heat of adsorption (S7).

The heat generated in the adsorbent filling section 21 of the adsorber 11 heats the air in the air flow path section 22 of the adsorber 11, and the natural wind force due to the temperature difference (density difference) of the air causes It occurs from the lower side of the portion 22 toward the upper side.
As a result, a flow of ventilation is formed from the adsorber inlet duct 15 side to the adsorber outlet duct 16 side (S
8).

On the other hand, when the valve 31 is opened, the adsorbent filling section 23 of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 and the refrigerant storage section 2 of the evaporator 13 are opened.
5 is in a communicating state, and the water in the refrigerant storage portion 25 of the evaporator 13 evaporates using the steam pressure difference between the refrigerant storage portion 25 and the adsorbent filling portion 22 as a driving force. Then, the refrigerant storage unit 25
In this case, cold heat is generated due to the latent heat of evaporation (S16), and the water vapor generated by the evaporation of the water is adsorbed on the silica gel particles in the adsorbent filling section 23 of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12, and the adsorbent of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 is adsorbed. In the filling section 23, heat is generated by the heat of adsorption (S17).

The air in the air flow path 26 of the evaporator 13 is cooled by the cold generated in the refrigerant storage section 25 of the evaporator 13, and this air is supplied to the cell 1, so that Cooling is performed (S18).

When the pressure of the air in the evaporator outlet duct 18 becomes higher than the pressure of the internal space 34 of the building 3, a part of the air cooled by the evaporator 13 is communicated by pressure due to the pressure balance. It is returned to the internal space 34 of the building 3 via the opening 33 of the duct 19. Thereby, the cell etc. 1
The cooling air is not pushed excessively, and the loss of the negative pressure of the cell 1 is prevented.

In the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12,
Heat exchange between warm heat (adsorption heat) generated in the adsorbent filling section 23 and cold heat (evaporation latent heat) generated in the refrigerant storage section 24 is performed.

As described above, even when the exhaust fan 4 is stopped due to loss of power or the like, the chemical heat pump equipment 4
By 0, the ventilation of the cell etc. 1 is maintained by bypassing the exhaust fan 4, and the cell etc. 1 is cooled.

When the operation of the exhaust fan 4 is restored due to power recovery or the like, the water vapor adsorbed on the silica gel particles in the adsorbent filling section 21 and the adsorbent filling section 23 of the two-stage chemical heat pump 41 is desorbed. Then, the operation of the chemical heat pump equipment 40 is stopped. This is called regeneration operation.

The operation during the regeneration operation will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

When the stopped exhaust fan 4 is restarted due to power recovery or the like (S21), the suction side pressure of the exhaust fan 4 decreases (S22). The difference between the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan 4 and the pressure on the downstream side of the check damper 14 {(pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan 4) − (pressure on the downstream side of the check damper 14)} is a predetermined value. When the following conditions are satisfied (S23: Yes), the check damper 14 automatically closes, and the air exhausted from the cells 1 and the like is discharged from the exhaust pipe 6 to the outside of the building 3 via the exhaust fan 4 (S24). ).

When the check damper 14 is closed in this way, the valve 30 is closed (the valve 31 remains open), and the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 is heated by the regenerating heating / cooling device 28. Then, the evaporator 13 is cooled by the cooler 29 for regeneration (S25). Note that the closing operation of the valve 30 may be performed manually, or may be performed by a device that closes the valve 30 in conjunction with the closing operation of the check damper 14.

Thus, the water vapor adsorbed on the silica gel particles in the adsorbent filling section 23 of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 is desorbed from the silica gel particles, and the silica gel particles of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 are regenerated (S26). The desorbed water vapor returns to water by being cooled by the regenerative cooler 29, drops again by gravity, and returns to the refrigerant storage unit 25.

Next, the valve 30 is opened and the valve 31 is closed (S2
7) Further, the adsorber 11 is heated by the regeneration heater 27, and the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 is cooled by the regeneration heater / cooler 28 (S28).

Thus, the water vapor adsorbed on the silica gel particles in the adsorbent filling section 21 of the adsorber 11 is desorbed from the silica gel particles, and the silica gel particles of the adsorber 11 are regenerated (S29). The desorbed water vapor returns to water by being cooled by the regeneration heater / cooler 28, drops again by gravity, and returns to the refrigerant reservoir 24.

After the regeneration of the silica gel particles in the adsorber 11 and the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12, the valve 30 is closed (S30), the valves 30 and 31 are both closed, and the regeneration operation is terminated. Thereby, the chemical heat pump equipment 40
Return to the state before driving.

Next, in order to confirm the effect of the ventilation and air conditioning equipment to which the ventilation and air conditioning method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied,
The response evaluation of the ventilation air-conditioning system when the exhaust fan 4 was stopped due to the power loss and the chemical heat pump equipment 40 was started was performed. The evaluation conditions and results will be described.

FIG. 5 is a bird's-eye view of the nuclear fuel cycle facility used in this evaluation.
m, depth 10m, height 20m (10m above ground, 1 underground
0m), and has an exhaust pipe 6 having a height of 30 m above the ground.

The ventilation air-conditioning equipment 10 is installed in the illustrated ventilation air-conditioning equipment room, and the chemical heat pump equipment 40 includes the adsorber 11 and the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12 in the illustrated adsorber and intermediate adsorber / evaporator chamber. Evaporator 1 in the evaporator chamber
Cell A shown in FIG.
The response evaluation of the ventilation air-conditioning system was performed for the target.

The cell A was assumed to have a volume of 250 m ³ and an exhaust air volume of the exhaust fan 4 of about 2500 m ³ / h. It is assumed that a heat source of 10 kW is present in the cell A, and this heat is removed by ventilation and partially removed by heat transfer to the cell wall.

The water vapor adsorption characteristics of the silica gel particles shown in FIG. 6 were applied as the water vapor adsorption characteristics of the silica gel particles filled in the adsorbent filling section 21 and the adsorbent filling section 23.

Further, as a rotation speed ratio characteristic when the power of the blower 4 is lost, a rotation speed ratio (rotation speed / rated rotation speed) characteristic curve shown in FIG. 7 is used. It is assumed that the valves 30 and 31 of the heat pump 41 are opened.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show the evaluation results of the response of the ventilation air conditioning system when the exhaust fan 4 is stopped under the above assumption.

FIG. 8 is a transient change diagram of the exhaust air volume in the exhaust pipe 6, and FIG. 9 is a transient change diagram of the temperature inside the cell A. The present invention is provided with a chemical heat pump equipment 40 as an emergency ventilation air conditioning system. The embodiment according to the present invention is compared with that according to the prior art that does not include an emergency ventilation air conditioning system.

With respect to the exhaust air volume, as shown in FIG.
In the prior art shown by dashed lines in the figure, the stop of the exhauster 4, the exhaust air volume during normal operation rapidly decreases (approximately 2500 m ³ / h), during normal operation 1/10 (about 250 meters ³ /
h) On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention, the air in the air flow path 22 in the adsorber 11 is
(The temperature of the silica gel particles rises to about 70 ° C. 10 minutes after the valve 30 is opened.) Natural wind power is generated by the heating, and the exhaust air volume is about 600 m ^{3 as} shown by the solid line in the figure. / H.

As shown in FIG. 9, the temperature inside the cell A increases from about 42.degree. C. during normal operation to about 57.degree. C. in accordance with the conventional technique shown by the broken line in FIG. On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown by the solid line in the figure, the exhaust air volume is maintained to some extent even after the power is lost, and the air in the air flow path 26 of the evaporator 13 is Since the cell A is supplied with air after being cooled by water (the temperature of the water drops to about 0 ° C. 10 minutes after the valve 31 is opened), the temperature of the cell A is suppressed to about 46 ° C.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the evaporator 1
About 30% of the air cooled in 3 is returned to the internal space 34 of the building 3 through the opening 33 of the pressure communication duct 19, and the natural wind force due to the heating of the adsorber 11 and the pressure communication duct 19, it was confirmed that the negative pressure of the cell A was appropriately maintained.

The correspondence between the wording used in the claims and the wording in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

The damper referred to in the claims corresponds to the check damper 14. The bypass line referred to in the claims corresponds to the adsorber inlet duct 15 and the adsorber outlet duct 16, the suction side of the exhaust fan 4 corresponds to the adsorber inlet duct 15, and the exhaust side of the exhaust fan 4 corresponds to the adsorber outlet duct 16. I do.

The first adsorbent filling section, the exhaust passage, and the adsorber heating means referred to in the claims correspond to the adsorbent filling section 21, the air passage section 22, and the regeneration heater 27 of the adsorber 11, respectively.

The second adsorbent filling section and the first cooling section referred to in the claims respectively correspond to the adsorbent filling section 23 and the refrigerant storage section 24 of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12, and are also referred to in the claims. The intermediate adsorption / evaporator cooling means and the intermediate adsorption / evaporator heating means comprise a regeneration heating / cooler 28 of the intermediate adsorption / evaporator 12.
Is equivalent to

The second cooling section, the air supply passage, and the evaporator cooling means referred to in the claims are respectively a refrigerant liquid storage section 25 of the evaporator 13,
It corresponds to the air flow path 26 and the regeneration cooler 29.

The air supply line in the claims corresponds to the evaporator inlet duct 17 and the evaporator outlet duct 18, and the communication duct in the claims corresponds to the pressure communication duct 19.

As described above, in the ventilation air-conditioning system to which the ventilation air-conditioning method according to the present embodiment is applied, even when the exhaust fan 4 is stopped due to loss of power or the like due to the above-described operation, the emergency air-conditioning system can be used. By the chemical heat pump equipment 40 added as a ventilation air conditioning equipment, natural ventilation wind can be generated to maintain the ventilation of the cell 1 or the like. Further, the cooled air can be supplied to the cell 1 or the like.

Thus, the negative pressure of the cell or the like 1 can be maintained, and the radioactive substance can be confined in the cell or the like 1. In addition, the cooling of the cell 1 can be maintained, and the temperature rise of the combustible material stored in the cell 1 can be prevented.

When cooling air is supplied to the cells 1 and the like, the pressure of the air supplied to the cells 1 and the like is communicated with the internal space 34 of the building 3 by the pressure communication duct 19, whereby the cells 1 and the like are cooled. Excessive air supply to the cell 1 can be prevented, so that the negative pressure maintenance of the cell 1 and the like is not hindered.

As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such configurations. Within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims, those skilled in the art can come up with various modified examples and modified examples, and these modified examples and modified examples are also within the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood that it belongs to.

[0093]

As described above, according to the ventilating air-conditioning equipment and the ventilating air-conditioning method of the present invention, by providing the chemical heat pump that operates without using the power supply, it is possible to prevent the case where the air blower stops due to loss of power or the like. Also, ventilation of the cells and the like can be performed, and thus, negative pressure of the cells and the like and cooling of the inside of the cells and the like can be maintained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram showing an example of a ventilation air conditioning system to which a ventilation air conditioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a two-stage chemical heat pump.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation of the ventilation air-conditioning equipment to which the ventilation air-conditioning method according to the embodiment has been applied when an exhaust fan is stopped.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an operation during a regeneration operation of the ventilation air conditioning equipment to which the ventilation air conditioning method according to the embodiment is applied.

FIG. 5 is a bird's-eye view of the nuclear fuel cycle facility used for evaluating the response of the ventilation air conditioning system when the exhaust fan stops.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing water vapor adsorption characteristics of silica gel particles used for evaluating the response of the ventilation air conditioning system when the exhaust fan is stopped.

FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram of the number of revolutions of the air blower when the power of the air blower is lost, which is used for evaluating the response of the ventilation air conditioning system when the air blower stops.

FIG. 8 is a transient change diagram of the exhaust air volume in the exhaust stack obtained as a result of the response evaluation of the ventilation air conditioning system when the exhaust fan stops.

FIG. 9 is a transient change diagram of the temperature inside the cell A obtained as a result of the response evaluation of the ventilation air conditioning system when the exhaust fan stops.

FIG. 10 is a schematic system diagram showing an example of a conventionally used ventilating air conditioning system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cell etc., 2 ... Penetration part gap, 3 ... Building, 4 ... Air blower, 5 ... Exhaust system filter, 6 ... Exhaust tube, 7 ... Air supply system filter, 8, 14 ... Non-return damper, 10 ... Ventilation air conditioning Equipment: 11: Adsorber, 12: Intermediate adsorption / evaporator, 13: Evaporator, 15: Adsorber inlet duct, 16: Adsorber outlet duct, 17: Evaporator inlet duct, 18: Evaporator outlet duct, 19 ... Pressure communication duct, 21, 23 ... adsorbent filling section, 22, 26 ... air flow path section, 24, 25 ... refrigerant storage section, 27 ... regeneration heater, 28 ... regeneration heater / cooler, 29 ... regeneration Cooler, 30, 31 ... valve, 32, 33 ... opening, 34 ... internal space, 40 ... chemical heat pump equipment, 41 ... two-stage chemical heat pump.

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. The internal air pressure is maintained at a negative pressure higher than the external air pressure outside the closed chamber by sucking the internal air in the closed chamber and exhausting the air outside the closed chamber by an exhaust fan. In the ventilation air conditioning equipment, a bypass line that bypasses the internal air sucked from the closed chamber from a suction side of the exhaust fan to a discharge side, and is provided in the bypass line, and a pressure on a suction side of the exhaust fan is predetermined. A damper that opens when the value is equal to or greater than a value, forms a part of the bypass line, and when the damper opens, takes in the internal air in the closed chamber from the lower side through the damper, and takes the internal air from the upper side into the exhaust fan An exhaust passage provided to discharge the exhaust passage, and a heating unit for heating the exhaust passage, wherein when the damper is opened, the exhaust by the heating unit is performed. Ventilation air conditioning characterized by generating natural convection from the lower side to the upper side in the exhaust flow path by heating the flow path, and exhausting the internal air in the closed chamber by the natural convection. Facility. 2. The ventilation and air-conditioning equipment according to claim 1, wherein a pressure difference between the closed chamber and the outside of the closed chamber captures external air outside the closed chamber and discharges the air to the closed chamber side. And an air supply line including an air supply port for supplying the external air discharged from the external air intake side into the closed chamber, and provided so as to form a part of the air supply line. An air supply flow path; and a cooling means for cooling the air supply flow path, wherein when the damper is opened, the heating means heats the exhaust flow path, so that the lower side and the upper side in the exhaust flow path Generating natural convection toward the exhaust air, exhausting the internal air in the closed chamber by the natural convection, and cooling the external air taken into the air supply flow path by cooling the air supply flow path by the cooling means, This HVAC, characterized in that so as to cool the sealed chamber by supply the cooled the external air into the sealed chamber through the air inlet of the air supply line. 3. The internal air pressure is maintained at a lower pressure than the external air pressure outside the closed chamber by suctioning the internal air in the closed chamber with an exhaust fan and exhausting the air outside the closed chamber. In the ventilation air-conditioning equipment, a bypass line that bypasses the internal air sucked from the closed chamber from a suction side of the exhaust fan to a discharge side is provided, and the pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan is a predetermined value in the bypass line. A first adsorbent filling section filled with an adsorbent that generates heat by the heat of adsorption when moisture is adsorbed, and a part of the bypass line; and when the damper is opened, the closed chamber is opened. An exhaust passage provided to take in the internal air from the suction side of the exhaust fan to the lower side via the damper and discharge the air from the upper side to the exhaust side of the exhaust fan. An adsorber, a second adsorbent filling section filled with an adsorbent that generates heat due to heat of adsorption when moisture is adsorbed, and a liquid coolant for cooling the second adsorbent filling section are stored, The first
Is connected via a first valve to the adsorbent filling section of the
And a middle cooling evaporator including a first cooling unit in which the steam pressure is maintained at a positive pressure as compared with the first adsorbent filling unit when the valve is closed. Opening a first valve to evaporate the liquid coolant stored in the first cooling unit by a difference in steam pressure between the first cooling unit and the first adsorbent filling unit. The first cooling unit generates cold heat due to the latent heat of the evaporation, and the generated steam is adsorbed on the adsorbent of the first adsorbent filling unit to generate heat, thereby generating heat. Ventilating air-conditioning equipment, wherein a natural convection from the lower side toward the upper side is generated in the exhaust passage, and the internal air in the closed chamber is exhausted by the natural convection. . 4. The ventilating air-conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the damper comprises a difference {(pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan) between pressure on the suction side of the exhaust fan and pressure on the exhaust passage side. )-(Pressure on the exhaust flow rate)} is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. 5. The ventilation and air conditioning system according to claim 3, wherein the adsorber and the intermediate adsorption evaporator have a shell and tube structure in which a number of tubes are arranged in a shell that is a cylindrical container. And forming the shell of the adsorber as the exhaust flow path, forming the tube of the adsorber as the first adsorbent filling section, and using the shell of the intermediate adsorption evaporator as the first cooling section. The ventilating air-conditioning equipment, wherein the tube of the intermediate adsorption evaporator is formed as the second adsorbent filling section. 6. The ventilation and air-conditioning system according to claim 3, wherein a pressure difference between the closed room and the outside of the closed room takes in external air outside the closed room to the closed room side. An external air intake port for discharging, and an air supply line including an air supply port for supplying the external air discharged from the external air intake side into the closed chamber, wherein one of the air supply lines is provided. An air supply passage forming a portion, and a liquid coolant for cooling the external air taken into the air supply passage are stored and connected to the second adsorbent filling portion via a second valve. When the second valve is closed, the evaporator is provided with a second cooling unit in which the steam pressure is maintained at a positive pressure than the second adsorbent filling unit, and when the damper is opened, Opening the first valve and storing in the first cooling section. The liquid coolant is evaporated by a difference in steam pressure between the first cooling section and the first adsorbent filling section to generate steam, and the steam of the steam is generated in the first cooling section. While generating cold heat by latent heat, the generated steam is adsorbed on the adsorbent of the first adsorbent filling section to generate heat, thereby heating the adsorber, and from the lower side in the exhaust passage from the lower side. Generating natural convection toward the upper side, exhausting the internal air of the closed chamber by the natural convection, and opening the second valve to remove the liquid coolant stored in the second cooling unit, The second adsorbent filling section and the second adsorbent filling section;
Vaporized by the difference in water vapor pressure between the cooling unit and
The second cooling unit generates cold heat due to the latent heat of the evaporation, thereby cooling the external air taken into the air supply passage, and supplying the cooled external air to an air supply port of the air supply line. The closed air chamber is cooled by supplying air into the closed air chamber through the air conditioner. 7. The ventilating air-conditioning equipment according to claim 6, wherein the internal space of a building that is interposed between the evaporator and the closed chamber is provided outside the closed chamber and inside the closed chamber. A communication duct communicating with the air supply line, wherein a pressure of the external air discharged from the air supply passage to the air supply line is higher than a pressure of an internal space of the building; A ventilating air conditioner, wherein a part of the external air is discharged to the internal space of the building via the communication duct according to a pressure difference between the pressure and the pressure of the internal space of the building. 8. The ventilation air conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the intermediate adsorption evaporator includes an intermediate adsorption evaporator heating means for heating the intermediate adsorption evaporator itself, and the evaporator includes: An evaporator cooling means for cooling the evaporator, the evaporator being provided at a position lower than the intermediate adsorption evaporator, wherein the first valve is closed when the damper is closed; The intermediate adsorption evaporator is heated by a heating means to desorb the vapor adsorbed on the second adsorbent filling section, and the evaporator is cooled by the evaporator cooling means to cool the desorbed vapor by the liquid cooling. Back to the wood,
Further, the liquid cooling material is dropped to the second cooling unit and returned to the second cooling unit. 9. The ventilation air conditioning system according to claim 8, wherein the adsorber includes an adsorber heating means for heating the adsorber itself, and the intermediate adsorption evaporator is located at a position lower than the adsorber. And an intermediate adsorption evaporator cooling means for cooling the intermediate adsorption evaporator, wherein when the damper is closed, the first valve is closed and the intermediate adsorption evaporator heating means is used for the intermediate adsorption evaporator heating means. Heating the evaporator to desorb the vapor adsorbed in the second adsorbent filling section, cooling the evaporator by the evaporator cooling means and returning the desorbed vapor to the liquid coolant,
Further, after the liquid coolant is dropped and returned to the second cooling section, the first valve is opened and the second valve is closed, and the adsorber is heated by the adsorber heating means. The vapor adsorbed on the first adsorbent filling section is desorbed, and the intermediate adsorption evaporator is cooled by the intermediate adsorption evaporator cooling means to return the desorbed vapor to the liquid coolant. A ventilating air conditioner, wherein the material is dropped back to the first cooling unit. 10. The ventilating air-conditioning equipment according to claim 6, wherein the adsorber, the intermediate adsorption evaporator, and the evaporator include a plurality of tubes in a shell that is a cylindrical container. A shell-and-tube structure comprising: a shell of the adsorber formed as the exhaust passage; and a tube of the adsorber formed as the first adsorbent filling section; a shell of the intermediate adsorption evaporator. Is formed as the first cooling section, the tube of the intermediate adsorption evaporator is formed as the second adsorbent filling section, and the shell of the evaporator is formed as the air supply passage, and the evaporator is formed. Wherein the tube is formed as the second cooling section. 11. A ventilation air conditioning method using the ventilation air conditioning equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 10 to exhaust air inside the closed room.