JP2001162258A - Equipment and method for waste separate collection - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain equipment for waste separate collection, in which it can be easily determined whether a measurement has been correctly taken or not in each measurement device. SOLUTION: The waste separate collection equipment is provided with magnetic field measurement devices 21-23 for measuring magnetic fields from wastes 1 by allowing an a.c. magnetic field to act on a plurality of wastes 1 which are continuously carried in, and a mass measurement device 30 for measuring a mass of the waste 1. In the equipment there are further provided with an operation control device 80 for identifying a material quality of the waste 1 on the basis of the measurement results of the device 21-23 and the device 30, and a separate collection device 40 separates and collects the waste 1 on the basis of the identification results. In the above separate collection device, photoelectric sensors 51-55 detect the time of measurement of the wastes 1 to make information on positions of the wastes 1 of the measurement data. A determination whether measurements by the measurement devices 21-23 and 30 have been correctly carried out or not is made on the basis of the positional information.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste sorting / collecting apparatus for measuring various physical quantities of waste, such as color, magnetism, weight, etc., and sorting and collecting the waste based on the measurement results. And a sorting and collecting method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With respect to the collection and treatment of waste, it is important to sort and collect valuable resources due to problems such as recycling and tightness of disposal sites. This is done in a relatively simple way.

In recent years, a method has been used in which waste materials are determined by sensors that perform various measurements such as color and magnetism, and based on the determination results, wastes are sorted by material and collected. It is becoming. For example, as a relatively inexpensive means for sorting and recovering non-magnetic metals (Cu, Al, etc.) in crushed waste pieces for each material with high precision, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
Japanese Patent No. 24344 discloses that crushed pieces are sequentially introduced into an AC magnetic field generated by a coil to which an AC voltage is applied, and a change in an electromotive force of the coil generated at that time and a mass of the crushed pieces are measured. The amount of change in electromotive force is calculated, and the material is identified by comparing this with a preset threshold.
A device that collects crushed pieces by material has been proposed. As described above, a device that performs multiple measurements on waste and sorts and collects based on the measurement results has high sorting accuracy, but due to its nature, In addition, there is a problem in that the waste as the measurement target must be individually treated, and the measurement of the next waste cannot be performed until all the measurements are completed, so that the processing speed is reduced.

Therefore, each measurement is individually controlled, and while a certain measuring device or sensor is measuring, another measuring device or sensor measures a different measuring object. There has been proposed a method of improving the processing speed of the entire apparatus by simultaneously performing different measurements on an object at the same time.

In this case, in order to manage the measured values separately measured in relation to a specific waste, a measurement order or the like in each measuring device is used. Is determined using the first measured value of each measuring device.

[0006]

However, according to the above-mentioned prior art, when the shape, material, etc. of the waste are not always constant, each measuring device does not always perform a normal measurement. Such a problem occurs.

That is, when the measurement values are managed in the measurement order, for example, as shown in Table 1, when a certain measuring device 2 cannot recognize a certain measuring object 3, the measuring device 2 and the following measuring objects 4 in the measuring device 2 can be used. All measured values will be reduced in order by one, and will be managed incorrectly.

[0008]

[Table 1]

An object of the present invention is to provide a waste sorting / collecting apparatus and a sorting / collecting method which can easily recognize whether or not the measurement has been performed normally in each measuring apparatus.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to a method for controlling a plurality of types of physical quantities of wastes independently and simultaneously with respect to a plurality of continuously transported wastes. A plurality of measuring means for measuring; an identifying means for identifying a material of the waste based on a measurement result sent from each of the measuring means; and a waste sorting and collecting based on the identification result by the identifying means. A waste sorting / collecting apparatus provided with sorting / collecting means, characterized in that it is provided with a judging means for judging whether or not the measurement by each of the measuring means has been normally performed by using position information of the waste. And

When the position information of the waste is sequentially acquired and arranged in chronological order for each waste, if there is a measurement failure,
Measurement data is missing. If the measurement data is missing as described above, the waste is determined to be measurement failure, and the waste is collected separately from other wastes.

The following elements can be added when constructing the waste sorting and collecting apparatus. (1) The determining means is configured to acquire the position information of the waste from the measurement time of the waste by each of the measuring means and the transport speed of the waste at that time. (2) The determining means sequentially records the measurement results sent from each of the measuring means, and if there is a missing portion in the recorded result, determines that the measurement is defective. (3) The sorting and collecting means collects and separates the waste determined to be defective in measurement by the determining means from other wastes.

[0013] Further, the method for sorting and collecting waste according to the present invention comprises:
Using a plurality of measuring devices, multiple types of physical quantities of waste are measured independently and simultaneously for multiple continuously transported waste, and the material of the waste is identified based on the measurement results. In addition, in the waste sorting and collection method of sorting and collecting waste based on the identification result, it is determined whether or not the measurement by each of the measuring devices has been performed normally using the position information of the waste. When the measurement is determined to be defective, the waste is collected separately from other waste.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the waste sorting and collecting device according to the present invention includes a transport device 10, three magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22 and 23, a mass measuring device 30, and a sorting and collecting device 40.

The transport device 10 is provided with rotary drums 11 and 12 at both ends thereof, and a transport belt 13 is stretched between the rotary drums 11 and 12. The transport belt 13 moves as indicated by the arrow in the figure, and transports the waste 1 placed on the transport belt 13. The magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22, and 23 are arranged in series along the conveyor belt 13 at the upper part of the conveyor 10. Each of the magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22, and 23 has a coil, and an AC voltage is applied to these coils to generate an AC magnetic field.

The mass measuring device 30 is arranged on the downstream side of the conveying device 10 and measures the mass of the waste 1 sent from the conveying belt 13 after the magnetic field measurement. In addition, the sorting and collecting device 4
Numeral 0 is disposed on the downstream side of the mass measuring device 30. By rotating the separator 41 in the range of the solid line or the broken line in the figure, the waste 1 after the mass measurement is sorted and collected according to the material.

At the front ends of the magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22, 23, photoelectric sensors 51, 52, 53 for detecting waste are provided, respectively. Further, the photoelectric sensors 54 and 5 are similarly provided at the front ends of the mass measuring device 30 and the sorting and collecting device 40.
5 are provided. And the photoelectric sensor 5
1, 52, 53, 54 and 55 are connected to an arithmetic processing unit 80 via a sensor amplifier 60 and a digital input / output device 70, and photoelectric sensors 51, 52, 53, 54 and 5 are connected.
The detection signal from 5 is taken into the arithmetic processing unit 80.

The magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22 and 23 and the mass measuring device 30 are connected to an arithmetic processing unit 80 via an A / D converter 90. The sorting and collecting device 40 is connected to the arithmetic processing device 80 via the digital input / output device 70.

In the present embodiment, the magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22, 23 and the mass measuring device 30 constitute a measuring means, and the sorting and collecting device 40 constitutes a sorting and collecting means. Further, the arithmetic processing unit 80 constitutes identification means and determination means.

In the sorting and collecting apparatus having the above-described configuration, the waste 1 to be measured is crushed by a crusher (not shown), and then is thrown into the conveyor belt 13 of the conveyor 10 at regular intervals. The waste 1 put on the conveyor belt 13 first passes through a measurement section of the magnetic field measurement device 21.
At this time, the photoelectric sensor 51 installed at the front end of the measurement section
As a result, the passage of the waste 1 is detected, and the detection signal is taken into the arithmetic processing device 80 via the sensor amplifier 60 and the digital input / output device 70. The detection signal from the photoelectric sensor 51 is the measurement start time of the waste 1.

An AC voltage is applied to a coil of the magnetic field measuring device 21, and the coil generates an AC magnetic field. The measurement of the waste 1 is performed for a certain time during which the waste 1 passes through the alternating magnetic field. The value measured by the magnetic field measuring device 21 is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 90,
The arithmetic processing device 80 takes in the
The measured value is recorded together with the measurement start time.

Next, the waste 1 is sent to the magnetic field measuring device 22. At this time, the measurement start time is detected by the photoelectric sensor 52, and thereafter, the same measurement as the measurement by the magnetic field measurement device 21 is performed in the magnetic field measurement device 22. Then, the arithmetic processing unit 80 records the measured value and the measurement start time. When the measurement of the waste 1 is performed by the magnetic field measuring device 22, the magnetic field measuring device 21 can measure the next waste.

After the measurement by the magnetic field measuring device 22, the waste 1 is sent to the magnetic field measuring device 23. At this time, the photoelectric sensor 5
3, the measurement start time is detected, and then the same measurement is performed in the magnetic field measurement device 23. Then, the arithmetic processing unit 80 records the measured value and the measurement start time. When the measurement on the waste 1 is performed by the magnetic field measuring device 23, the magnetic field measuring device 22 can measure the next waste, and the magnetic field measuring device 21 can measure the next waste. It is possible to measure.

Next, the waste 1 is sent to the mass measuring device 30. At this time, the measurement start time is detected by the photoelectric sensor 54, and thereafter, the mass of the waste 1 is measured by the mass measuring device 30. The value measured by the mass measuring device 30 is A /
After being converted into a digital signal by the D converter 90, the digital signal is taken into the arithmetic processing unit 80. The arithmetic processing unit 80 records the measured value together with the measurement start time. When the measurement of the waste 1 is performed by the mass measuring device 30, the magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22, and 23 can simultaneously measure each waste. That is, the magnetic field measurement devices 21, 22, 23 and the mass measurement device 30
It can be measured independently and simultaneously for the four wastes.

Subsequently, the waste 1 is sent to the sorting and collecting device 40. The passage of the waste 1 is detected by the photoelectric sensor 55 installed at the front end of the sorting and collecting device 40, and the arithmetic processing device 80 records the time at this time.

The arithmetic processing unit 80 acquires the position information of each waste from the transfer speed of the transfer device 10 and the measurement start time in the magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22, 23, and based on the position information, Each measured value is managed for each waste, and the material determination processing of each waste is performed using the measured values. Then, a signal of the processing result is sent to the sorting and collecting device 40, and the sorting and collecting device 40 drives the separator 41 based on the signal to sort and collect the waste by material. In the present embodiment, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, nonmetals, and defective products are sorted and collected.

Next, Table 2 shows a list of data of each measuring device recorded by the arithmetic processing unit 80. Here, a management method of each measurement value will be described with reference to Table 2.

[0028]

[Table 2]

The passing time from the magnetic field measuring device 21 to the sorting and collecting device 40 is determined by the time from the magnetic field measuring device 21 to the sorting and collecting device 4.
From the distance to 0 and the speed of the transport device 10, t
It is assumed that it is not less than _{min and not} more than t _max .

Sorting and collecting device 4 for measuring object (waste) 1
When the detected time at the 0 is t _1, the time t _1x the measuring object 1 is detected in the magnetic field measuring device 21, from the above conditions, satisfy _{t min ≦ t 1 -t 1x ≦} t max. in this case,
Table In 2 of the data and the time t ₁₁ is applicable. Similarly, according to the conditions of the passing time of each measuring device, the magnetic field measuring device 2
2, the time t ₂₁ and the magnetic field measuring device 23
_{31 and the} time t _{41 in the} mass measuring device 30, the measured values corresponding to each time, in this case, the measured values V ₁₁ , V ₂₁ , V ₃₁ , and V ₄₁ are measured for the measurement target 1. The judgment processing is performed using the value.

When the measurement by the magnetic field measuring device 23 is not performed for some reason as in the case of the measuring object 3 shown in Table 2, the time data on the magnetic field measuring device 23 corresponding to the passing condition is obtained. There is no. In this case, this measurement object is determined to be measurement failure. Conversely, when there are a plurality of data items corresponding to the passage conditions, the measurement is determined to be defective.

In both of the above cases, the subsequent measured value data of the measurement objects 4 and 5 are correctly managed based on the passing conditions, so that even if the order of the data becomes incorrect due to missing or duplicated measurements. In addition, the measurement value used for the determination is not incorrect except for the measurement object that is missing or duplicated.

By managing the measured values as described above, the arithmetic processing unit 80 can simultaneously handle a plurality of pieces of data relating to the object to be measured, and each of the measuring units can use a different object. Simultaneous measurement of the object can improve the processing speed.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the traveling distance of the transport belt 13 is directly measured by a simple device that does not use a mass measuring device, and thereby, the measured value is managed based on the position information of each waste. .

In this embodiment, an encoder 100 is provided as shown in FIG. This encoder 100
Is the rotating drum 1 of the transport device 10 via the belt 101
1 to detect the traveling distance of the conveyor belt 13. As in the first embodiment, when the passage of the waste 1 is detected by the photoelectric sensor 51, the magnetic field measuring device 21 performs measurement for a certain period of time, and the arithmetic processing device 80 records the measured value. Encoder 100
Is recorded as the traveling distance of the conveyor belt 13. Similarly, the other magnetic field measuring devices 22 and 23 record the measured value and the encoder output. Further, when the passage of the waste 1 is detected by the photoelectric sensor 55 disposed at the front end of the sorting and collecting device 40, the encoder output at this time is also recorded.

The arithmetic processing unit 80 uses the traveling distance of the conveyor belt 13 detected by the encoder 100 to calculate
As in the case of the first embodiment, the measured values are managed and waste 1
Is performed. The method will be described below with reference to Table 3.

[0037]

[Table 3]

It is assumed that the distance from the magnetic field measuring device 21 to the sorting and collecting device 40 is about _dmin or more and _dmax or less in consideration of measurement fluctuation. When the traveling distance of the transport device 10 at the time of detection of the measurement object (waste) 1 by the sorting and collecting device 40 is d ₁ , the traveling distance d _1x when the measurement object 1 is detected by the magnetic field measuring device 21. Is, from the above conditions,
d _min ≦ d ₁ −d _1x ≦ d _max is satisfied. In this case, the travel distance d ₁₁ in the data of Table 2 corresponds. Similarly, assuming that the distance d ₂₁ in the magnetic field measuring device 32 and the distance d _{31 in the} magnetic field measuring device 23 correspond to the conditions of the installation distance of each measuring device, as in the case of the first embodiment, The corresponding measured values, in this case the measured values V ₁₁ , V
_21, with V ₃₁ as a measurement of the measurement object 1, performs the determination process.

(Embodiment 3) Next, Embodiment 3 will be described. In the first and second embodiments, when a plurality of measurement value failures continue, it is not simply a measurement failure,
An alarm is issued or an emergency stop of the device is determined to have occurred in the device.

At this time, if a failure in the measured value occurs only with respect to a specific measuring device, an abnormality in the measuring device,
For example, it is determined that the photoelectric sensor is defective due to adhesion of dirt. In addition, if the measured values of a certain measuring device or later or all the measuring devices are defective, it is determined that the transport device 10 is defective such as being caught or stopped.

As described above, the recovery time can be reduced by detecting a failure of the apparatus from the failure of the measured value and estimating the state.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a waste color measuring device 11 for measuring the color of the waste 1 is added to the sorting and collecting device shown in the first embodiment.
0 has been added. The waste color measuring device 110 is connected to the arithmetic processing unit 80 via the interface 111. At the front end of the measurement section in the waste color measuring device 110, a photoelectric sensor 56 for detecting passage of the waste 1 is provided.

In the above configuration, the waste 1 put on the transport belt 13 of the transport device 10
The passing is detected by 6 and then the color is measured by the waste color measuring device 110. The detection signal from the photoelectric sensor 56 is taken into the arithmetic processing unit 80 as the measurement start time. Further, the measurement value (color information of the waste 1) in the waste color measuring device 110 is also taken into the arithmetic processing device 80 via the interface 111, and the arithmetic processing device 80 records the measured value together with the measurement start time. .

The operations of the magnetic field measuring devices 21, 22, 23, the mass measuring device 30, and the sorting and collecting device 40 are almost the same as those in the first embodiment. However, in the present embodiment, since the color of the waste 1 is measured by the waste color measuring device 110, it is possible to sort and recover other types of metals than in the case of the first embodiment. 40 is provided with a number of separators 41.

Next, Table 4 shows a list of data of each measuring device recorded by the arithmetic processing unit 80. Here, a management method of each measurement value will be described with reference to Table 4.

[0046]

[Table 4]

The passing time from the waste color measuring device 110 to the sorting and collecting device 40 is usually from t _min to t _max , based on the distance from the waste color measuring device 110 to the sorting and collecting device 40 and the speed of the transfer device 10. Suppose there is.

Sorting and collecting device 4 for measuring object (waste) 1
When the detection time at 0 is t ₁ , the time t _cx at which the measurement target 1 is detected by the waste color measuring device 110 satisfies t _min ≦ t ₁ −t _1x ≦ t _max from the above condition. In this case, it is assumed that time t _c1 corresponds to the data in Table 4. Time t ₁₁ the magnetic field measuring apparatus 21 according to the same as the conditions of the passage time of each measurement device, the time the time t ₂₁ in the magnetic field measuring apparatus 22, the time t ₃₁ in the magnetic field measuring device 23, the time the mass measuring unit 30 t ₄₁ Is satisfied, the measured value corresponding to each time, in this case, the measured values C ₁ , V ₁₁ ,
V ₂₁ , V ₃₁ , and V ₄₁ are used as measured values of the object 1 to be measured,
Perform determination processing.

When the measurement by the waste color measuring device 110 is not performed for some reason as in the case of the measuring object 3 in Table 4, the time data on the waste color measuring device 110 corresponding to the passing condition is obtained. There is no. In this case, this measurement object is determined to be measurement failure. Conversely, when there are a plurality of data items corresponding to the passage conditions, the measurement is determined to be defective. The waste with the poor determination is collected by the sorting and collecting apparatus 40 separately from the waste correctly determined as defective.

According to the present embodiment, unless the measurement time of the waste color measuring device 110 per waste is longer than other measuring devices (magnetic field measuring device, mass measuring device, etc.). The processing amount per unit time does not change as compared with the case of mode 1. As described above, it is possible to prevent the processing speed from decreasing while increasing the measurement accuracy by adding various measuring devices. Further, by measuring the color of the waste with the waste color measuring device 110, brass, zinc, and the like can be selected as compared with the case of the first and second embodiments.

It is to be noted that the waste color measuring device 110 of this embodiment can be added to the sorting and collecting device shown in the second embodiment.

[0052]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Whether the measurement by each measuring means was performed normally or not is determined by using the position information of the waste, so if there is a missing measurement value due to a problem such as poor measurement, it is easy to do so. Can be recognized, and the subsequent determination processing can be prevented from being illegitimate.

In addition, by allowing a plurality of wastes to exist simultaneously in the section from the start of measurement to the end of all processing, the processing speed of sorting and collecting can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram of a waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 waste 10 transport device 11, 12 rotating drum 13 transport belt 21 to 23 magnetic field measuring device 30 mass measuring device 40 sorting and collecting device 41 separator 51 to 56 photoelectric sensor 60 sensor amplifier 70 digital input / output device 80 arithmetic processing device 90 A / D converter 100 Encoder 110 Waste color measuring device 111 Interface

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Fumio Takeda 502 Kandachi-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Pref. Machinery Research Laboratories, Hitachi, Ltd. Inside the Machinery Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Tsutomu Hasegawa 4-6-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo F-term (reference) 3F079 AB00 BA11 BA28 CA32 CA36 CB04 CB12 CB25 CB32 CB35 CC06 DA06 4D004 AA46 AB03 AC05 CA08 CB05 CB46 CB50 DA01 DA02 DA04 DA11 DA12 DA16 DA17 DA20

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of measuring means for independently and simultaneously measuring a plurality of types of physical quantities of wastes for a plurality of continuously transported wastes, and a plurality of physical quantities sent from the respective measuring means. Identification means for identifying the material of the waste based on the coming measurement result, and separation and collection means for selecting and collecting the waste based on the identification result in the identification means, A waste sorting and collecting apparatus, comprising: a determination unit that determines whether or not the measurement by each of the measurement units has been performed normally using position information of the waste. 2. The waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determination means determines the position information of the waste by measuring the time of the waste by each of the measuring means and the waste at that time. A waste sorting and collecting apparatus characterized by acquiring from a conveying speed. 3. The waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit sequentially records the measurement results sent from each of the measurement units, and includes a missing portion in the recording result. If
A waste sorting / collecting apparatus characterized by determining a measurement failure. 4. The waste sorting and collecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sorting and collecting means separates the waste determined as measurement failure by the determining means from other wastes. A waste sorting and collection device characterized by collecting and collecting waste. 5. A method for measuring a plurality of physical quantities of a waste independently and simultaneously using a plurality of measuring devices for a plurality of continuously transported wastes, and disposing the waste based on the measurement results. In the waste sorting and collecting method for identifying and collecting the material based on the identification result and sorting and collecting the waste based on the identification result, the position information of the waste is used to determine whether or not the measurement by each of the measuring devices is performed normally. And a method for separating and collecting the waste from other wastes when the measurement is determined to be defective.