JP2001152434A - Movable type fish-pass waterway facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a movable type fish-pass waterway equipment, in which fluctuation width of the depth of water in a waterway is decreased under the state of a water flow, in which fishes can move upstream, and a fixed quantity of water can be discharged into a fixed type fish-pass waterway on the downstream side and the labor of which is saved and which is automated. SOLUTION: In the fish-pass waterway facility installed to an upstream-side reservoir formed by a dam, a weir or the like mounted, crossing a river as a facility, in which fishes can be moved smoothly, the movable type waterway equipment, which is composed of an upstream-side overflow type inflow wall 11, a downstream-side overflow type discharge wall 12, a bottom plate 14 and both sidewalls 13 and in which fixed height difference is formed in upstream-side inflow height and downstream-side discharge height, is set up to the upstream-side water conveyance section of the waterway facility vertical movably, and a lifting-lowering drive device 5 adjusting the lifting and lowering of the movable type waterway facility so as to keep upstream-side inflow height constant in response to the fluctuation of the water level of the upstream- side reservoir is secured. Accordingly, a fixed quantity of water can be discharged into a downstream-side fish-pass waterway under the state in which fishes can go upstream, at all times even when the water level of the upstream-side reservoir fluctuates in the movable type fish-pass waterway facility.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fishway facility installed in a dam or a weir, and the purpose of which is to enable fish to run up even if the water level in the upstream flood pond fluctuates. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Dams or weirs installed across rivers to form flooded ponds break or impede the natural flow of river water. , An obstacle that makes its movement difficult or impossible. In order to compensate for this, fishway facilities are installed as waterways or devices that allow fish to move. As a general fishway facility installed in a dam, a weir, or the like, there is a step-type fishway waterway facility, and various researches and ideas have been made to date, and many fishway facilities have been installed.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a conventional staircase type fishway facility. This waterway equipment secures a pool part where fish can rest by installing a plurality of partition walls fixed in the waterway at regular intervals in the water flow direction while decreasing the height in order, and continuously in a stepwise manner. This makes it possible for fish to run up by creating a stream of flowing water. FIGS. 12 and 13 show the shape of a general fixed partition. Reference numeral 30 denotes a fixed wall, and 31 denotes a latent hole provided in the fixed wall.

However, a stepped fishway installed as a fixed structure is usually designed to flow at a constant flow rate corresponding to a constant upstream floodwater level, so that it flows down when the upstream floodwater level changes. There is a problem that it is difficult to maintain and secure a good condition for fish run-up alone when the water level of the upstream flood basin fluctuates due to remarkable changes in water volume, flow velocity, and the like.

FIG. 12A is a diagram simply illustrating the above problem. FIG. 12A shows a water flow state when the upstream water level is at the facility design assumed water level. In this figure, the water flowing over the fixed bulkhead and escaping through the cave is flowing downstream while forming a pool where fish can rest, between the bulkheads, making it suitable for fish to run up. ing. FIG. 12A shows a water flow state when the upstream water level is lower than the equipment design assumed water level. In this case, the water flow that does not flow over the upstream fixed partition but flows only through the partition hole is flowing down, and the amount of water is small, and a sufficient amount of flowing water is not ensured when fish run up.

[0006] To cope with the above problems, devices have been devised and implemented to adjust the height of the fixed partition walls. FIG.
3 shows a movable gate type partition wall height adjusting device. This device is a facility that operates a lifting gate 32 installed on the front of a plurality of partition walls by a switchgear 33 corresponding to an upstream water level to create a water flow corresponding to each water level.

FIG. 14 shows a float gate type partition wall height adjusting device. This apparatus is a facility in which a float gate 34 in which float equipment is integrated with the above-mentioned lifting gate is installed on the front of each of a plurality of partitions, and water flow is automatically adjusted according to each water level.

[0008]

However, these facilities operate in conjunction with the gate facilities, but the pool formed between the bulkheads when the water level of the upstream flood basin rises because the bottom of the channel is fixed. The water depth will increase. When the pool water depth increases, the water flow direction in the pool becomes complicated,
There is a problem in that the run-up rate of fish heading in the water flow direction is reduced.

[0009] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to install a movable waterway in the upstream headrace of a fixed fishway waterway.
By raising and lowering to the appropriate position according to the fluctuation of the water level of the upstream flooding basin, the water flow condition that allows fish to run up and the fluctuation width of the water depth in the channel is reduced, and a fixed amount of water is fixed on the downstream side. An object of the present invention is to provide a labor-saving and automated movable fishway waterway facility that can be discharged into the fishway waterway.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the movable fishway waterway equipment of the present invention is installed in an upstream flooding pond formed by a dam, a weir, etc. installed across a river. In fishway waterway facilities installed as facilities where fish can move smoothly between lower rivers with lower water levels than water ponds,

[0011] The upstream water introduction section of the water channel equipment is provided with an upstream overflow type inflow wall, a downstream overflow type discharge wall, a bottom plate, and both side walls, and is fixed at an upstream inflow height and a downstream discharge height. Elevating drive that installs a movable water channel equipment with a height difference of up and down so as to be able to move up and down, and adjusts the movable water channel equipment so as to keep the upstream inflow height constant in response to the water level fluctuation of the upstream flood reservoir. By installing a device, it is possible to discharge a constant amount of water to the downstream fishway channel in a state where fish can run up even if the water level of the upstream flood pond fluctuates.

In this movable fishway waterway equipment, a water level gauge for measuring the water level of the downstream fishway waterway inflow section is provided, and the water level of the downstream fishway waterway inflow section is kept constant according to the water level fluctuated by the water level gauge. An instruction may be given to the lifting drive.

The lower part of the main body of the movable fishway waterway has a closed box structure so as to have a float function, thereby reducing the weight of the movable equipment in water and reducing the output of the operating cylinder. Labor saving can be achieved. Further, the lifting drive device for lifting and lowering the movable fishway waterway can be configured to use an operating hydraulic cylinder.

A lifting device for raising and lowering the movable fishway waterway includes a float that rises and falls according to the upstream water level, and a counter that acts on the float in a stepwise manner to adjust the buoyancy that changes depending on the flow state of the waterway. By configuring with a weight facility, the movable fishway waterway automatically operates following the upstream water level, and a predetermined amount of water can be discharged to the downstream side.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1-a shows a schematic diagram of the layout, and Fig. 1-a shows a schematic diagram of the fishway waterway introduction section and movable fishway waterway equipment. In the figure,
A indicates the upstream side of the river, B indicates the downstream side of the river, and arrow C indicates the direction of the water flow. Reference numeral 1 denotes a movable weir installed across a river (an up-and-down movable weir), 2 denotes a fishway waterway, 3 denotes a movable fishway waterway facility, 4 denotes a hydraulic cylinder mount, 5 denotes a hydraulic cylinder, and 6 denotes a waterway stop. A water wall, 7 is a fixed partition type fishway waterway, and 8 is a water level gauge.

FIGS. 2A and 2A and 3A and 3A are schematic diagrams of a movable fishway channel. FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a movable waterway installation position, and FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a movable fishway main body. 3A is a top view of the movable fishway, FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrow A shown in FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrow A shown in FIG. 3A. In the figure, 9 is a side waterproof rubber, 10 is a lower waterproof rubber, 11 is a movable channel inflow portion, 12 is a movable channel discharge portion, 13 is a movable channel side wall, 14 is a movable channel lower closed box floor, 15 Denotes an upstream water stop plate, and 16 denotes a downstream water stop plate.

The hydraulic cylinder mount 4 is attached to a waterway structure and has a structure for supporting the hydraulic cylinder 5. The movable water channel 3 has a height difference 1 between the inflow portion 11 and the discharge portion 12.
It is an integral type of 1 to 16 members, and is a mechanism that moves up and down by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 5. The downstream water stop plate 16 of the movable water passage 3 slides on the side water stop rubber 9 and the lower water stop rubber 10 attached to the headrace water stop wall 6 to move up and down to move upstream and down. A water level boundary between the side headrace water level and the downstream fixed bulkhead type fishway waterway forms a water level boundary, the amount of water flowing over the movable waterway inlet part 11 from the headway side is caused to flow in, and the same water amount is caused to flow downstream from the movable waterway discharge part 12. It has a structure. The movable channel lower sealed box floor 14 serves as a float, and has a structure for reducing the weight of the movable channel main body underwater.

FIG. 4 shows an outline of the operation of the movable fishway equipment.
FIGS. 4A and 4A are operating condition diagrams at the design maximum water level condition.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are operation status diagrams at the design intermediate water level.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 3 (c) are operation status diagrams near the design minimum water level.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 d show the situation of the lowest design water level. In these figures, symbols D1 to D4 indicate the water level of the upstream flood pond, and symbol E indicates the water level of the fixed partition type fishway waterway inlet. The water level gauge 8 detects the inflow water level E of the fixed bulkhead type fishway waterway.

In FIG. 4A, the water depth at the upstream overflow portion is kept constant so that a specified flow rate is allowed to flow.
The amount of water that has flowed into the movable fishway is discharged from the downstream discharge section to the downstream waterway section. In this state, the water flow shows a continuous step-like shape, making a good condition for fish to run up. FIG.
・ In Fig. B, the movable fishway equipment is lowered in accordance with the drop in the upstream water level to secure the amount of water flowing down. In this state, the downstream discharge section is equal to or lower than the downstream wall. FIG. 4 and FIG. 3C show a state in which the water level on the upstream side is further lowered and reaches the vicinity of the uppermost water level of the stepped fishway. In the movable water channel, the upstream inflow portion descends to the downstream wall height in order to make the required water flow down, and the flowing water flows down. FIGS. 4 and 4 show a state in which the upstream water level is lowered to the design minimum water level, and the movable water channel is lowered to the minimum position. At this time, the movable channel inflow height is set so that the water level D4 and the water level E are the same.

The fixed partition type fishway waterway is a waterway in which fixed walls provided with an overflow portion and a submerged opening of the same shape are continuously installed at a constant interval and a constant gradient. Therefore, assuming that the water level at the inflow portion of the channel when the constant water volume Q always flows down the channel is the level indicated by the symbol E shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, the movable fishway channel is upstream so as to keep the water level E constant. It is assumed that it moves up and down in response to fluctuations in the side water level.

When the water level of the fixed bulkhead type fishway inflow section detected by the water level gauge 8 exceeds a predetermined water level E, the movable fishway waterway is gradually raised until the water level falls to the water level E, and the inflow water amount is reduced. When the water level falls below the water level E, the movable fishway waterway is gradually lowered until the water level returns to the water level E to increase the amount of inflow water. It can be activated.

Separately from the above, the overflow depth at the inflow section required for taking in the expected water flow Q from the inflow section of the movable fishway waterway is determined by hydraulic experiments and overflow formulas. Can be calculated in advance according to It is also possible to install a water level gauge on the upstream side of the headrace channel and automatically operate it by detecting this water level and setting an automatic electric / hydraulic circuit for raising and lowering the movable fishway channel at a preset height. By separately providing a stepped partition in the movable water channel, it is possible to cope with an increase in the fluctuation range of the upstream water level.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show schematic views of a movable fishway gate according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of the arrangement, and FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a movable fishway waterway in which a lifting float is installed.

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a counterweight facility for suppressing the float in stages, and FIG. 6A is a sectional view of the same. In this figure, 20 is a side float, 21A is a first stage counterweight, 21B is a second stage counterweight, 22 is a support beam, and 23 is a counterweight guide shaft. The side float 20 is attached to the side of the movable water channel 3 and comprises a staged buoyancy control counterweight facility with 21A to 23.

FIG. 7 shows an outline of setting an initial buoyancy of a movable water channel. FIG. 7A is a front / cross-sectional view of the movable water channel, with the left part of the figure viewed from the front and the right part of the figure at the center. FIG. 7A shows a side sectional view of the center of the waterway. FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view of the side float portion. The water level F1 shown in FIG. 7 is a water level necessary for the fixed fishway waterway, and is the minimum water level on the upstream side in design. At this time, a state is shown in which the movable water channel inlet has a height that allows a necessary amount of water to pass through. The symbol W1 indicates the amount of water on the movable channel. In this state, the counterweights 21A and 21B are the guide shafts 23.
And is not acting on the movable water channel.

FIG. 8 shows a state in which the upstream water level has risen slightly from the state shown in FIG. FIG. 8A shows a water level F similar to the state shown in FIG.
It is one. FIG. 8A shows a state in which the water level has risen from F1 to F2, and at the same time, the fixed channel entrance water level has changed from F1 to F3.

This state will be described with reference to FIG. Water level is F
By moving from 1 to F2, the movable waterway rises equally. At this time, the water level in the movable channel falls from the state shown in FIG. 8A due to a change in the amount of water flowing into the water channel after flowing over the upstream inflow portion, and as a result, the water amount W1 becomes smaller than the water amount W1 shown in FIG.
Only decrease. When the buoyancy corresponding to the reduced W2 is newly applied to the movable waterway, the movable waterway rises from the draft state of FIG. Therefore, the upstream water level F2
A stable state can be obtained in which the ascending / descending position of the new movable water channel, the amount of overflowing water from the inflow portion, and the downstream fixed water channel inlet water level F3 corresponding to the above are stable. If the change in the upstream water level is small, the change in the water volume is also small, so this situation corresponds to a constant water level change.However, when the water level change becomes large, the rise of the movable waterway greatly exceeds the water level change, and the water volume decreases significantly. .

FIG. 9 shows that the upstream water level rises to F4,
This shows a state where the water amount Q1 is flowing down from the inflow section. In this state, the amount of water in the movable channel is reduced to W3 from the initial buoyancy setting, and additional buoyancy is generated in the movable channel corresponding to the difference in water amount between W1 and W3. Accordingly, a state is shown in which the counterweight 21A set to correspond to this additional buoyancy acts on the movable water channel and is stable. When the water level on the upstream side further rises from the state of FIG. 9, the movable channel is operated to rise to a level higher than the water level and the amount of water decreases according to the same theory as described above.

FIG. 10 shows a state in which the upstream water level rises to F5 and the water amount Q2 flows down from the inflow portion.
In this state, the amount of water in the movable water channel decreases to W4, and additional buoyancy corresponding to the difference in water amount between W3 and W4 is generated in the movable water channel compared to the state of FIG. Accordingly, a state is shown in which the counterweight 21B set to correspond to this additional buoyancy acts on the movable water channel and is stable. Even if the water level rises more than in FIG. 10, since the amount of inflow water from the inflow portion and the amount of discharge water become the same, the water amount W4 on the movable water channel does not change, and the movable water channel has the same width as the rise of the water level. Since it rises, there is no change in the amount of flowing water.

FIG. 11 shows a state in which the upstream water level has risen to the maximum water level F8. At this time, the movable waterway has a water volume of Q3.
Is flowing down. As described above, when the movable water channel fluctuates from F1 to F2, F4, F6, and F8 from the water level F1, the movable water channel can perform the automatic following operation without any power and with a slight change in the amount of water.

[0031]

As described above, according to the present invention, the movable waterway equipment is installed in the upstream headrace section of the fixed fishway waterway, and the lifting / lowering operation is performed at an appropriate position according to the fluctuation of the water level in the upstream reservoir. By letting the fish run up,
In addition, the present invention provides a labor-saving and automated movable fishway waterway equipment capable of reducing the fluctuation width of the water depth in the waterway and discharging a fixed amount of water to the fixed fishway waterway on the downstream side.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of arrangement, and FIG.
A schematic diagram of the movable fishway waterway equipment is shown.

2A is a schematic view of a movable waterway installation position, and FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a movable fishway main body.

3A is a top view of the movable fishway section, FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view as viewed from the arrow A shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an operation outline of a movable fishway facility.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a movable fishway gate according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5A is a schematic view of a layout, and FIG. 5A is a schematic view of a movable fishway waterway provided with a lifting float. .

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a counterweight facility for suppressing a float in stages, and FIG. 6A is a sectional view of the same.

FIG. 7 is a front view and a sectional view of a movable water channel, in which the left part of the figure is viewed from the front, the right part of the figure is a sectional view of the center, and FIG. Shows a sectional view of the side float portion.

8 shows a state in which the upstream water level has risen slightly from the state in FIG. 7; FIG. 8A shows a case of a water level F1 similar to the state in FIG. 7, and FIG. At the same time, a state where the fixed channel entrance water level has changed from F1 to F3 is shown, and FIG.

FIG. 9 shows a state in which the upstream water level rises to F4, and the water amount Q1 flows down from the inflow portion.

FIG. 10 shows a state in which the upstream water level rises to F5 and the water amount Q2 flows down from the inflow portion.

FIG. 11 shows a state in which the upstream water level has risen to a maximum water level F8.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a conventional stairway type fishway facility, wherein FIG. 12A shows a water flow state when the upstream water level is at the facility design assumed water level, and FIG. 12A shows the upstream water level below the facility design assumed water level. The state of water flow when c. Is shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional movable gate type partition wall height adjusting device, wherein FIG. 13A shows a case where the water level is high, and FIG.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a float gate type partition wall height adjusting device, wherein FIG. 14A shows a case where the water level is high, and FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

A River upstream, B River downstream, C Water flow direction, 1
Movable weir (up and down movable weir), 2 fishway waterway, 3 movable fishway waterway equipment, 4 hydraulic cylinder mounts, 5 hydraulic cylinders, 6 waterway cutoff wall, 7 fixed bulkhead fishway waterway,
8 Water level gauge, 9 side waterproof rubber, 10 lower waterproof rubber, 1
1 Movable water channel inflow section, 12 Movable water channel discharge section, 13 Movable water channel side wall, 14 Movable water channel lower sealed box floor, 15 Upstream water stop board, 16 Downstream water stop board, 20 Side float, 21A First stage Counterweight, 21B 2nd
Step counterweight, 22 support beam, 23 counterweight guide shaft, 30 fixed wall, 31 pit, 32 lift gate, 33 opening / closing device, 34 float gate

Claims (5)

[Claims] Claims 1. An upstream flood pond formed by a dam, a weir, and the like installed across a river as a facility for the smooth movement of fish between the downstream of a river having a lower water level than the flood pond. In the fishway waterway equipment, an upstream overflow type inflow wall,
Movable waterway equipment consisting of a downstream overflow discharge wall, a bottom plate and both side walls, and having a fixed height difference between the upstream inflow height and the downstream discharge height is installed so as to be able to move up and down, and An elevating drive device for elevating and lowering the movable waterway equipment is installed to keep the upstream inflow height constant in response to the water level fluctuation of the water reservoir, whereby the water level of the upstream flood reservoir is always constant even if the water level of the upstream flood reservoir fluctuates. Movable fishway waterway equipment that can discharge the amount of water to the downstream fishway waterway in a state where fish can go upstream. 2. A water level meter for measuring the water level of the downstream fishway waterway inflow section is provided, and an instruction to keep the water level of the downstream fishway waterway inflow section constant according to the water level fluctuated by the water level gauge is provided to the lifting drive device. The movable fishway waterway equipment according to claim 1, wherein the waterway is provided. 3. The movable fishway waterway equipment according to claim 1, wherein the movable fishway waterway main body has a float function by forming a lower part of the main body of the waterway fishway watertight. 4. The movable fishway waterway according to claim 1, wherein the lifting drive device for lifting and lowering the movable fishway waterway uses an operating hydraulic cylinder. Facility. 5. A lifting drive for raising and lowering a movable fishway waterway in a stepwise manner with respect to a float that rises and falls following an upstream water level and a float for adjusting buoyancy that changes according to the flow state of the waterway. The movable fishway waterway equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the movable fishway waterway equipment is constituted by counterweight equipment.