JP2001099447A - Air cooled air conditioner equipped with leaked ammonia removal equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air cooled air conditioner equipped with leaked ammonia removal equipment wherein water (personal water or heat storage tank water) with greater solubility is employed for recovery of leaked ammonia, and the present air conditioner is utilized also for cooling of an air heat exchanger of the air cooled air conditioner, and a harm removal measure against leaking ammonia is performed from the inside of the air cooled air conditioner to substantially prevent the ammonia from leaking to fresh air. SOLUTION: An air cooled air conditioner equipped with leaking ammonia removal equipment according to the present invention comprises a unit casing 10, an air cooled condensation unit 13 composed d of an air heat exchanger 12, an exhaust fan 11, a leaking ammonia detector 22, and water sprinkling nozzles 15a, 15b, and a lower structural unit 21 including a compressor 16, a group of heating and cooling/heating exchangers 17, leaked ammonia removal equipment 19 containing a control section and a power interruption/power supply apparatus, and an angle shaped partition wall 18 and a water tank 20, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat pump chiller and a water chilling using an ammonia refrigerant in which an air-cooled condensing unit operated by introducing outside air and a unit including a compressor are housed in a closed casing while being vertically separated from each other. Unit, air-cooled air-conditioner including Brinekuura unit, etc., through a watering nozzle provided in the air-cooled condensing part, it was possible to dissolve and remove the leaked ammonia,
The present invention relates to an air-cooled air conditioner having a facility for removing leaked ammonia that can be installed outdoors.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As consumer refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment has become increasingly widespread, the cooling method has shifted from a water-cooled type to an air-cooled type, and an air-cooled type air conditioner that can be installed anywhere without worrying about water piping has been used. The air-cooled air conditioner is of a type that can be installed outdoors, in which an air-cooled condensing unit including an air heat exchanger unit and a unit including a heat exchanger group including a compressor are built in a substantially hermetic casing as a vertically separated structure. Have been. With the above configuration, there is no need to provide a machine room in another part,
Since the refrigerant piping from the compressor can be housed in the same casing, space saving and less on-site piping work are required. ing.

However, when ammonia is used as a refrigerant, global environmental pollution is low and the ozone depletion potential ODP =
0, easy to decompose with a global warming potential GWP = 0, easy to be absorbed by plants, easy to diffuse lighter than air, high thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient, easy to dissolve in water, easy to detect leaks, It has the advantages of large latent heat of vaporization and large refrigeration capacity, and can be expected to be highly efficient and compact, but has the drawback of toxicity and pungent odor.

For this reason, refrigerators using ammonia have been dispersed in order to suppress large accidents into small accidents in view of measures against accidents such as leakage, and the ammonia piping tends to be limited to the dispersed refrigeration units. However, the measures against ammonia leakage have been a considerable investment, although scrubbers for industrial use have been installed, but no countermeasure has been found for civilian use.
Especially in the case of outdoor installation type, since it is open directly to the outside air, if ammonia leaks, almost water is sprayed from the outside, so ammonia may leak to the outside world and may cause damage by contacting the outside air to the outside There is. For this reason, most equipment related to ammonia disaster prevention is installed on the building equipment side, which is a burden on the building side.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and uses water having a high solubility for recovering leaked ammonia. By contributing to the improvement of cooling efficiency, measures to remove the leaked ammonia were performed from the inside of the air-cooled air conditioner equipped with the leaked ammonia removal equipment, making it possible to substantially prevent leakage to the outside air.
An object of the present invention is to provide an air-cooled air conditioner equipped with a facility for removing leaked ammonia.

[0006]

Accordingly, an air-cooled air conditioner equipped with a facility for removing leaked ammonia according to the present invention comprises a unit including a compressor, an air heat exchanger, and a discharge unit for outside air in a closed unit casing. An air-cooled air conditioner equipped with a leaked ammonia removing device having a vertically separated air-cooled condensing unit and an air-cooled condensing unit is provided with a water spray nozzle in front of a discharge portion of a cooling air flow flowing through the air heat exchanger toward an outside air discharge portion, A dense shielding water film is formed in the atmosphere including the air heat exchanger by spray water of the water spray nozzle under the discharged static wind pressure, thereby dissolving and removing the leaked ammonia.

[0007] An air heat exchanger forming an air-cooled condensing section is arranged in a horizontal, vertical, V-shaped, or inverted V-shaped configuration above a unit including a compressor covered with a cover member so as to allow ventilation. Further, a discharge portion for outside air is provided at an upper portion thereof, and a cooling air flow path is formed by sucking outside air from an outside air intake provided in a casing on a side surface of the unit including the lower compressor and penetrating the air heat exchanger. 2. An air-cooled air conditioner comprising a leaked ammonia removing device configured to discharge air from a discharge fan provided in the cooling air flow path.
According to the invention described in the above, a water spray nozzle is provided downstream of the air heat exchanger disposed so that the cooling air flow can flow therethrough to form a scrubber structure, and the cooling air is introduced into an atmosphere including the air heat exchanger by the scrubber structure. A dense shielding water film intersecting with the flow is formed to prevent leakage of ammonia gas leaking from the coil fin portion of the air heat exchanger to the outside.

Since the cooling air flow contains the leaked ammonia in the unit including the lower compressor, the leaked ammonia can be efficiently removed by the shielding water film formed by the water spray nozzle. And
Leakage ammonia discharged from the unit including the compressor and leakage from the air heat exchanger through the shielding water film to the air exchanger located at the end of the cooling air flow containing the leaked ammonia diffused lighter than air. Ammonia is dissolved and harmed in a lump so as to function more reliably to remove leaked ammonia. In addition, the scrubber structure formed by the water spray nozzle is used when the temperature of the outside air rises, thereby contributing to the improvement of the condensation efficiency.

The unit including the compressor according to the first aspect of the present invention has a structure in which a covering partition having a ventilation gap is provided above the structure on the unit side to directly shield the spray water from the spray nozzle. The ambient air including the outside air of the structure can flow into the upper air-cooled condensing unit through the ventilation gap.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the structure including the pipe on the machine side of the unit including the compressor is covered with a permeable partition wall having an air permeability. Since the leaked ammonia is lighter than air, it diffuses and moves to the upper part, and is merged with the air cooling flow path through the ventilation part, so that most of the leaked ammonia is absorbed by the shielding water film formed by the water spray nozzle.

The shielding water film according to the first aspect of the present invention balances surface tension, capillary action, and the discharged static wind pressure,
The air heat exchanger is preferably characterized in that multiple spray-like coatings are formed between coil fins, more preferably aluminum fins.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the shielding water film is formed by forming a fine contact film on a coil seam and a fin mounting portion constituting an air heat exchanger. The particles allow trapping of leaked ammonia. For this reason, the surface tension of water, the capillary phenomenon, and the static air pressure of the outside air discharge section on the downstream side by the discharge fan provided in the cooling air flow are appropriately set so as to be placed in a balanced atmosphere.

Further, the means for dissolving and removing ammonia according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a leak ammonia detecting device provided in front of the external discharge unit, a water tank → watering nozzle → dissolution of leaked ammonia into a shielding water film → water tank. A reflux circuit forming a process;
It is characterized by comprising a control unit for controlling the concentration of the solution and the drainage of the solution, and controlling the spraying of the water spray nozzle by detecting the presence or absence of the leaked ammonia by the leaked ammonia leak detection device.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a leaked ammonia detection device is provided in front of the external discharge portion.
A water tank is provided at the bottom of the unit casing, and the water stored in the water tank is sprayed as spray water through a water spray nozzle,
The sprayed water forms a shielding water film, absorbs and dissolves the leaked ammonia, and forms a recirculation circuit for returning to the water tank. In addition to the partial or intermittent operation, the concentration of the solution is controlled, enabling more reliable drainage treatment decisions.

Further, the control unit according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is provided with a detection device for detecting the presence or absence of leaked ammonia including the concentration control of the solution, and enables the operation of the alarm and the stop of the refrigerator by the device. It is characterized by having comprised. Further, the control unit according to claim 4 is configured to divert the scrubber structure formed by the water spray nozzle, lower the condensation temperature by water spray when the outside air temperature rises to a predetermined value or more, and increase the COP. It is characterized by having done.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to add a configuration for maintaining the best performance of the chiller unit by adjusting the amount of water by the control unit when the outside air temperature rises.
The spray nozzle according to the first aspect of the present invention preferably has a configuration in which fixed wide-angle spraying and swirling wide-angle spraying are combined, and a plurality of spray nozzles are provided at appropriate positions to form a spray-like multiple cutoff water film.

Further, the control unit according to the present invention is capable of controlling water spraying and controlling the number of revolutions of the discharge fan in order to prevent the water from being scattered outside from the water spray nozzle when the condensing temperature is lowered other than when ammonia is removed. It is characterized by having. That is, all the spray nozzles are operated at the time of ammonia removal by the operation of the leaked ammonia detection device, and other than during the ammonia removal, the spray water is sprayed to the extent that the spray water does not scatter outside, and the rotation speed of the discharge fan is controlled. do.

Further, the control unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that, for a multi-stage nozzle structure, a selective spraying by a specific stage nozzle is enabled. According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in response to the time of ammonia removal and the time of condensation temperature drop, the former case activates the pre-watering nozzle, and the latter case activates the specific stage nozzle appropriately to provide diversity. It is like that.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not merely intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative examples unless otherwise specified. Absent. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of an air-cooled air conditioner provided with a facility for removing leaked ammonia of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the case where an exchanger is arrange | positioned at V type and the lower discharge fan is omitted, and (B) is a figure which shows the case where an ice heat storage tank or a water heat storage tank is provided instead of the water tank 20.

As shown in FIG. 1, an air-cooled air conditioner equipped with a facility for removing leaked ammonia according to the present invention comprises a sealed unit casing 10 and a horizontal, vertical, V-type for condensing high-pressure and high-temperature ammonia refrigerant gas with a cooling air flow. Heat exchanger 12 having a model such as an inverted V type and a water spray nozzle 1 formed in a step shape
5a, 15b, an air-cooled condensing unit 13 forming a scrubber structure with a variable-speed exhaust fan 11 for exhausting the cooling airflow out of the device, a leaked ammonia detector 22 provided therebelow, a compressor 16, heating and A machine room is formed by the heat exchanger group 17 for cooling, the abatement equipment 19 including the power interruption power supply equipment and the control unit, the lower structure unit 21 including the water tank 20, and the like, and the partition wall 18, and the machine room and the lower part thereof are formed. And a lower structure unit 21 formed by a heat insulating water tank 20 provided in the unit casing 10; the lower structure unit 21 is disposed below the unit casing 10; and an air-cooled condensation unit 13 is disposed above the lower structure unit 21. The two-stage mountain-shaped partition of the lower structure unit 21 is interposed between them.

The above-mentioned two-stage mountain-shaped partition wall 18 is formed in a two-stage shape by inclined walls 18b and 18 provided in an open shape on the left and right below a mountain-shaped partition wall 18a provided at the upper center. The lower exhaust fan 11b is provided. Therefore, the outside air sucked by the lower exhaust fan 11b from the outside air intake 10a of the unit casing 10 forms the cooling air passage A while taking in the surrounding air in the machine room 23, and the upper air-cooling condensation unit 1
A cooling air flow path to the exhaust fan 11 via the third air heat exchanger 12 is formed.

At the lower end of the inclined partition walls 18b, 18b, gutters 18c, 18c to the lower water tank 20 are provided.
The atomized water droplets sprayed at the time of watering from the watering nozzles 15a and 15b fall on the mountain-shaped partition wall 18 via the air heat exchanger 12, and the dropped water droplets pass through the inclined partition walls 18b and 18b and the gutters 18c and 18c. Then, the droplets are returned to the water tank 20 without being scattered in the machine room 23.

The lower exhaust fan 11b is rotated at a predetermined speed so that the outside air taken in from the outside air intake forms an ascending air flow along the cooling air flow path A together with the ambient air in the machine room, thereby causing the air heat exchanger 12 to operate. It is configured to be able to be sent to the detection area of the leaked ammonia detector 22 via the control unit, so that the spray nozzle can be operated in response to the leaked ammonia generated in the machine room. Then, the discharge fan 11 is always rotated at a low speed, so that the spray droplets are not released to the outside air when water is condensed when the condensing temperature is lowered except during the ammonia removal, and under the operation of the leaked ammonia detector 22, At the time of performing ammonia removal, it is rotated at a high speed and released into the atmosphere in a short time.

The above-described scrubber structure is used for removing ammonia which is operated by a control unit (not shown) provided in the abatement equipment 19 via the leaked ammonia detecting device 22 and for reducing the condensation temperature in the air heat exchanger 12. The spray water is sprayed from the lower water tank 20 through the spray nozzles 15a and 15b while being circulated from the lower water tank 20 by the spray nozzles 15a and 15b to form a shielding water film. The shielding water film is formed by a spray-shaped shielding film formed over the entire area of the downstream atmosphere near the outlet of the air heat exchanger 12 of the cooling air flow A, and an aluminum coil through which high-pressure and high-temperature ammonia refrigerant gas passes. Surface tension, at the site where the multilayer tube row of the air heat exchanger made of
The complete closed multi-spray water film is formed by balancing the capillary phenomenon and the static pressure of the exhaust air discharged by the exhaust fan 11.

As a result, the leaked ammonia in the air heat exchanger is completely dissolved and harmed, and the harmfulness of the leaked ammonia in the peripheral portion of the lower structure unit 21 can be eliminated. The sprinkling nozzle 15
a and 15b form a multiple spray-shaped shielding water film by a combination of a plurality of fixed wide-angle sprays and swirling wide-angle sprays, and the control unit enables selective spraying at each stage when the condensing temperature is lowered except when ammonia is removed. It has a configuration.

The above-mentioned dissolution and removal of the leaked ammonia is performed by the water tank 2 provided at the lower portion of the unit casing 10 as described above.
From 0, the spray water is circulated separately according to a command from the control unit through the circulation pump 20a and the reflux circulation path 20b in response to the removal of ammonia and the time of low heat of condensation, and the water tank 20 → a scrubber structure for water spray → dissolution of leaked ammonia. A circulation path from the return gutter 18c to the water tank 20 is formed.

The control unit controls watering of the watering nozzle, concentration management for measuring and managing the ammonia concentration of the circulating dissolved water in the water tank 20, and drainage management for detecting dissolved water having a predetermined concentration or more. . In addition, the control is performed by a control unit provided in the abatement equipment 19, so that a small ammonia leak can be dealt with.

When the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, the condensing temperature is lowered by operating the water spray circulation through the control unit of the abatement equipment 19 as described above, and the operation of the discharge fan is operated at a low speed. It is needless to say that the leak ammonia detector 22 may be configured to enable the stop of the refrigerator and the operation of the external alarm device via the control unit in some cases.

When the operation of the unit is stopped,
By operating the discharge fan 11 to 11b to ventilate the minute leakage of ammonia from the machine room 23, the leakage ammonia detector 22 detects the ammonia concentration rising to the upper part of the air heat exchanger 12 and detects the ammonia concentration exceeding the predetermined concentration. In this case, ammonia is harmed by operating the scrubber structure.

The ambient air around the lower structure unit 21 is formed by the covering chevron partition 18 having the ventilation gap 18c to form a cooling passage A to the exhaust fan 11 so that the ambient air can be exhausted to the outside air. At the same time, the spray water sprayed by the scrubber structure does not fall on the lower structure unit 21.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of another embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a case where an air heat exchanger is arranged in a V-shape and a lower exhaust fan is omitted. (B) is a diagram showing a case where cold water or sensible heat water is sprayed via an ice heat storage tank or a water heat storage tank provided separately. Since the air heat exchanger 12 is inclined in a V-shape as shown in FIG. 3A, the water spray nozzle has a two-stage structure in the upper and lower directions so that the spray water can spread over the entire surface of the air heat exchanger 12. When the condensing temperature is lower than the time when ammonia is removed, watering of the lower nozzle portion is stopped in some cases, and the discharge fan 11 is operated at a low speed so as to prevent spray water from being released into the atmosphere. It is.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the pump 20a is used as cold water or sensible heat spray water through an ice heat storage tank of an insulating structure or a water storage tank 24 of a heat insulating structure provided separately. . In the case of cold water spraying, the amount of dissolved ammonia is large. The reflux spray water stored in the water tank 20 is returned to the ice heat storage tank or the water heat storage tank via the pH controller 25.

[0033]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently and directly remove the leaked ammonia in the unit casing so as to eliminate the burden on the building equipment and to reduce the heat pump performance. Improvement can be achieved. At the same time, it is possible to contribute to society through power peak cut operation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of an air-cooled air conditioner provided with a facility for removing leaked ammonia of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing another embodiment of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 2A shows a case where an air heat exchanger is arranged in a V-shape and a lower discharge fan 11b is omitted, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram in which an ice heat storage tank or a water heat storage tank is provided in place of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Unit casing 11 Discharge fan 11b Lower discharge fan 12 Air heat exchanger 13 Air-cooled condensing unit 15a, 15b Spray nozzle 16 Compressor 17 Heat exchanger group 18 Two-stage mountain-shaped partition wall 19 Detoxification equipment 20 Water tank 21 Lower structure unit 22 Leakage ammonia detector 23 Machine room 24 Ice heat storage tank or water heat storage tank 25 pH controller

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Yasue Furuta 1-3-1 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Tokyo Electric Power Company (72) Inventor Tomoaki Kobayakawa 1-3-1 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Tokyo Electric Power Stock Inside the company (72) Inventor ▲ Taka ▼ Satoshi 1-3-1, Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Tokyo Electric Power Company (72) Inventor Takanori Kudo 2-3-1, Botan, Koto-ku, Tokyo Stock Company Inside the Maekawa Works (72) Inventor Michio Sasaki 2- 13-1, Botan, Koto-ku, Tokyo Co., Ltd. Inside the Maekawa Works (72) Inventor Masataka Koyatsu 2-3-1, Botan, Koto-ku, Tokyo Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 3L054 BA06 BB01 BB03

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An air-cooled air conditioner having a leaked ammonia removing equipment in which a unit including a compressor and a condensing unit including an air heat exchanger and an outside air discharge unit are vertically separated in a sealed unit casing. A water spray nozzle is provided in front of a discharge part of the outside air cooling airflow flowing through the air heat exchanger toward the outside air discharge part, and a dense shielding water film is formed by spray water of the water spray nozzle under a static wind pressure discharged. An air-cooled air conditioner equipped with a facility for removing leaked ammonia, wherein the air-cooled air conditioner is formed in an atmosphere including the air heat exchanger to dissolve and remove the leaked ammonia. 2. A unit including the compressor is provided with a cover-like partition having a ventilation gap at an upper part of a structure on the unit side so as to directly shield from spray water spray of a spray nozzle, and the ventilation gap is provided. 2. An air-cooled air conditioner equipped with a facility for removing leaked ammonia according to claim 1, wherein the ambient air including the outside air of the structure can flow into the upper air-cooled condensing unit via the structure. 3. The shielding water film is configured to form a multiple spray-like film between coil fins of an air heat exchanger by balancing surface tension, capillary action, and the discharged static wind pressure. An air-cooled air conditioner provided with the leaked ammonia removing equipment according to claim 1. 4. The apparatus for dissolving and removing ammonia, comprising: a leaked ammonia detection device provided in front of the external discharge unit;
Water tank → water spray nozzle → dissolution of leaked ammonia in the sprayed water film → recirculation circuit forming the process of the water tank, concentration control of the solution and drainage of the solution, and presence or absence of leaked ammonia by the leaked ammonia leak detection device An air-cooled air conditioner equipped with a facility for removing leaked ammonia, comprising: a control unit for detecting spraying and controlling spraying of a watering nozzle. 5. The facility for removing leaked ammonia according to claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured to enable an alarm device to be activated and a refrigerator to be stopped based on the operation of the separately provided detection device. Air-cooled air conditioner with. 6. The control unit diverts a scrubber structure including a watering nozzle to reduce the condensing temperature by watering and increase the COP when the outside air temperature rises to a predetermined value or more by adjusting the amount of water to be sprayed. An air-cooled air conditioner equipped with the leaked ammonia removing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: 7. The leaked ammonia removing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the spray nozzle is a combination of fixed wide-angle spray and swirling wide-angle spray, and is provided at a plurality of appropriate positions to form a spray-type multiple cutoff water film. Air-cooled air conditioner with. 8. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is capable of controlling water spraying and controlling the number of revolutions of a discharge fan in order to prevent the water from being scattered outside from the water spray nozzle when the condensing temperature is lowered except during ammonia removal. An air-cooled air conditioner provided with the facility for removing leaked ammonia according to claim 6. 9. The air-cooled system having a facility for removing leaked ammonia according to claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured to enable selective spraying by a specific stage nozzle for a multistage nozzle structure. Air conditioning.