JP2001089273A - Fertilizer, soil conditioner, wafer quality reforming material and deodorant utilizing carbonized rice bran as well as rust preventive method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively utilize rice bran produced in a large amount. SOLUTION: The carbonized product obtained by carbonizing the rice bran or rice bran lees is utilized as a fertilizer, soil conditioner, water quality reforming material, deodorant, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fertilizer, a soil improving material, a water quality improving material, a deodorant, and a rust prevention method using charcoal of rice bran (including rice bran cake).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is well known that charcoal has water permeability, water retention, fertilizer retention, microbial flora improvement, and water purification, and charcoal is used for soil improvement, water quality improvement, and the like. It is common to use coconut charcoal, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, rice husk charcoal, rice straw charcoal, bacas charcoal, sawdust charcoal. However, although the utility of charcoal is recognized, its widespread use in agriculture, etc. is not yet sufficient. One of the reasons for the lack of diffusion is environmental problems. It is very difficult to detoxify the exhaust gas generated during carbonization. In addition, there is also a problem that the carbonization is expensive and the carbide is expensive.

[0003]

An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent fertilizer / soil improving material which can be obtained at low cost by carbonizing and using rice bran discharged in large quantities.
An object of the present invention is to provide a water quality improving material, a deodorant, and a rust prevention method.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems When the fertilizer according to claim 1 is used by fertilizing a plant, or when mixed with water for hydroponic cultivation, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus are converted from carbonized rice bran.
Ions such as magnesium dissolve and exert the effect of fertilizer. When the soil improving material according to claim 2 is mixed with soil and used, the soil becomes alkaline and is improved. Also,
The metabolic activity of microorganisms becomes active, and the soil is also improved. When the water quality improving material according to claim 3 is used, sewage is purified. Nitrite and nitrate ions are also removed. When the deodorant according to claim 4 is used, the deodorant absorbs odor. When the rust prevention method according to claim 5 is carried out, the water used for the equipment / apparatus and the like is alkaline, so that the equipment / apparatus and the like are not rusted at all or extremely rust-resistant.

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION At the stage of browning rice, rice bran is reduced to about 1
0% also occurs. The use of rice bran is mainly for oil, feed and food processing, but the amount used for those uses is limited. In addition, rice bran is spoiled when stored in a normal environment, so it is very difficult to secure the required amount when it is needed. Therefore, it is difficult to use it as fuel. Rice bran is also used in agriculture to make bogashi manure, but only in very small quantities. In addition, rice bran is 15 ~
It contains 20% fats and oils and decomposes slowly. The number of days required for the mineralization rate to reach 50% becomes longer, and rice bran itself is rarely used as fertilizer. The amount of rice bran that is actually used is not so significant, and many are disposed of as industrial waste.

[0006] The inventor of the present invention has intensively studied whether rice bran, which is difficult to dispose of, can be effectively used. We came up with the idea of converting rice bran and rice bran cake into charcoal, and studied the application of charcoal. And they discovered that they had performance not found in conventional charcoal such as rice hulls and rice straw.
It was also confirmed that the charcoal of rice bran and rice bran cake could be produced at low cost, and the present invention was completed.

First, an example of a method of carbonizing rice bran attempted by the applicant of the present application will be introduced. Rice bran is granulated in advance to facilitate handling and increase carbonization efficiency. It was press-molded with a granulator at 50 kgf / cm ² and granulated into a column having a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 10 to 15 mm. The granulated product was carbonized by a carbonization device shown in FIGS. The carbonization device will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the entire carbonizing apparatus, and FIG.
3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a carbonizing furnace in the carbonizing apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. Reference numeral 1 denotes a furnace body of a carbonization furnace.
The inner cylinder 2 is disposed in the furnace body 1 so as to extend substantially horizontally.
The inner cylinder 2 is slightly inclined so as to gradually decrease as going from the left side to the right side. A sealing material 3 is attached between both end walls of the furnace body 1 and the inner cylinder 2. In the inner cylinder 2, some of the exhaust gas pipes 4, which are bent at right angles from the inner center to the outer side, are provided with 9.
It is provided at equal intervals while shifting the position by 0 degrees. Gears 5 are attached to the outer periphery near the left end and near the right end of the inner cylinder 2 in a portion outside the furnace body 1, respectively. Gear 5
Is rotated by the drive motor 6. Several thermocouples 7 for temperature measurement are attached to the outer wall of the furnace body 1. Furnace body 1
Several burners 8 are provided at equal intervals in the lower part inside. Below the furnace body 1, a flue gas passage 9 communicating with the right end in the furnace body 1 is provided, and a secondary combustion burner 10 is provided in the flue gas passage 9.

The feeder 1 is inserted into the inner cylinder 2 from the left side of the inner cylinder 2.
1 is inserted. A screw 12 is provided in the feeder 11, and a screw 13 is rotated by rotating a gear 13 attached to the outside with a drive motor. The lower end of the hopper 14 is attached to the feeder 11. A raw material hopper 15 is provided above the hopper 14. A carbide discharge pipe 16 is attached downward from the right end in the inner cylinder 2. From the right side of the inner cylinder 2, the hot gas pipe 17
Is inserted. The hot gas pipe 17 is connected to a combustion device 19 via a blower 18.

The inner cylinder 2 is rotated at a low speed of, for example, about 3 rpm. High-temperature gas (850 to 850) generated in the combustion device 19
910 °) is sent from the high-temperature gas pipe 17 into the inner cylinder 2 by the blower 18. The rice bran granules are dropped from the raw material hopper 15 to the hopper 14,
Supply continuously into the inside. 2. The number of rotations of the screw 12
When the rotation speed is 22 rpm, the supply amount of the granulated material is 50 kg / h. When the rotation speed of the screw 12 is 1.94 rpm, the supply amount of the granulated material is 15 kg / h.

The high-temperature gas flowing from the high-temperature gas pipe 17 into the inner cylinder 2 gradually carbonizes the granules supplied from the feeder 11. The carbonization time during which the granules stay in the inner cylinder 2 is 10 to 12 minutes. The carbonization temperature is 300-800 degrees. If the temperature exceeds 800 ° C., the carbide itself softens and adheres to the furnace wall to lower the carbide yield or make it difficult to discharge from the furnace. Of course, this phenomenon depends on the residence time in the furnace.

A carbonization gas is generated during carbonization. The carbonization gas goes out of the exhaust gas pipe 4 and is ignited by the burner 8 in the furnace body 1 and burns. When exhausted from the flue gas passage 9, unburned substances in the carbonized gas are burned by the secondary combustion burner 10, and the clean exhaust gas goes out. The carbonized granules are discharged from the carbide discharge pipe 16.

Since raw rice bran contains a large amount of fats and oils and generates a large amount of combustible gas, little fuel is consumed except for the initial stage from the time of ignition. Assuming that this combustible gas is methane gas, the rice bran processing rate is 50 kg / h.
At about 47 Nm ³ / h and at 15 kg / h about 14 Nm ³ of carbonized gas and self-burn. The fuel supplied from outside can be 1.5 kg / h or less. This is a major feature when carbonizing rice bran.

If this method is further advanced, rice bran can be used in combination to carbonize various organic substances that generate a small amount of combustible gas. For example, carbonization of rice husks, hay, rice straw, sugarcane pulp, agricultural film, and the like discharged from agriculture together with rice bran can reduce fuel consumption and avoid environmental pollution. At this time, a commercially available microbial material or a commonly used inorganic material such as zeolite or oyster hull may be mixed depending on the use. The exhaust heat generated in the carbonization step may be effectively used for cooling and heating.

The properties of the rice bran charcoal thus produced are as follows. Bulk specific gravity: 0.26 to 0.28 Combustible content: 49 to 58% Ash content: 41 to 50% Carbide component: carbon, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silica Water adsorption capacity: 300% or more (carbonized water PH: 7.3 to 8.5 (when 5 to 15% by weight of a carbide is immersed in water) Pore size: Micropores to macropores are found from the SEM photograph. Observable.

First, the following test was conducted on the utilization of the produced rice bran carbide as a fertilizer. Rice bran charcoal, Bincho charcoal,
Bamboo charcoal, coconut shell activated charcoal, and rice husk charcoal were prepared, and those obtained by adding 5% of each to water were prepared. Using these, garden watercress, cracked radish and mini tomato were sown and hydroponically cultivated indoors. As a result, in any of the cultivations, the cultivation using water impregnated with charcoal of rice bran was the fastest growing, and the roots and stems were also the thickest. Also,
The time from the disappearance of water to the death of the rice bran was 10 to 20 days longer when cultivated with the rice bran-carburized water than with the others. Ions such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and magnesium are dissolved when the rice bran carbide is put into water. This suggests that charcoal of rice bran becomes a fertilizer. The addition of charcoal rice bran can reduce the amount of other fertilizers.

Next, the soil improving effect of the rice bran carbide will be described. As mentioned above, the rice bran carbide is alkaline. When mixed with soil, the soil tends to be alkaline and improved. In addition, soil is improved when microorganisms in the soil actively metabolize, but charcoal of rice bran has a function of promoting the metabolic activity of microorganisms. The point of this function will be described.

The following tests were performed. First, in addition to charcoal rice bran, commercially available activated carbon, bincho charcoal, and bamboo charcoal were added to ultrapure water at 6% by weight each, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 96 hours. . Separately, a sucrose aqueous solution sample in which 20% sucrose was dissolved in ultrapure water was also prepared, and five kinds of sucrose aqueous solution samples were used in total. Each 30 milliliters was mixed with 5000 milligrams of yeast strain. FIG. 4 shows the change with time in the cumulative gas generation during storage at 27 degrees for 90 minutes. Gas is carbon dioxide gas generated by metabolic activity of microorganisms. In the case of adding rice bran charcoal, the gas generation time is earlier than that of the case of adding bincho charcoal / bamboo charcoal or ultrapure water only by 10 minutes or more. The cumulative gas generation after 90 minutes is also significantly higher than the others. It suggests that charcoal of rice bran promotes the metabolic activity of microorganisms.

Next, the following test was conducted. The rice bran charcoal is added in a volume ratio of 10%, 30% and 50%, respectively, and the well-mixed soil and garden soil are placed in glass jars, respectively.
A piece of paper and a piece of cotton fabric were also mixed and left indoors.
Table 1 shows the observation results. It is considered that charred rice bran enhances the activity of cellulolytic bacteria.

[0020]

[Table 1]

Next, the point of improvement of water quality by charcoal of rice bran will be described. First, it was examined how COD changes when charcoal of rice bran is added to sewage. The result was as shown in the upper diagram of FIG. That is, when not treated with charcoal rice bran, COD is hardly reduced in 10 days, whereas when treated with charcoal rice bran, it is greatly reduced in 7 days. _{^{Moreover, NH 4 + · NO 2 -}} · PO 4 3-
As for, the change over time was measured, and the results were as shown in the lower diagram of FIG. If rice bran char is not added, NH
_{While 4} ⁺ .PO ₄ ^3- decreases slowly, when carbonized rice bran is added, those ions rapidly decrease. When turning on the rice bran carbide sewage phosphate ions (PO 4 ^_3-) are agglomerated precipitated changed to calcium phosphate, phosphoric acid ions are removed.

When the fertilizer is over-administered, nitrite ions and nitrate ions from nitrate nitrogen that are not absorbed by the crops penetrate into the ground. It has been feared that humans could cause health problems if taken in. In particular, when drinking water containing nitrite ions, in severe cases, hemoglobin carrying oxygen stops carrying oxygen due to the action of nitrite ions. It is said that you may fall into a situation of suffocation due to lack of oxygen while breathing. Therefore, a test was conducted on the ability of charcoal rice bran to remove nitrate nitrogen. 5% or 1 char of rice bran in 500g of soil
5% was added and mixed, and the mixture was added to 1 liter of wastewater containing 45 mg / liter nitrate ions and 1 liter of wastewater containing 1 mg / liter nitrite ions. Then, the removal ability was evaluated by observing the change over time in the concentrations of nitrate ion and nitrite ion. Table 2 shows the results.

[0023]

[Table 2]

When charcoal rice bran is added, a 1-5% aqueous solution of brown sugar or 1 ml of alcohol (0.1 ml) is added.
%), 10% for both nitrate and nitrite ions
It became zero after a day. From the above, it is clear that the rice bran carbide has a nitrate nitrogen removing effect. It is more effective to use an aqueous solution of brown sugar or alcohol in combination.

Next, a test regarding the deodorizing ability was conducted. First, hydrogen sulfide gas generated by blowing air into hydrogen sulfide water was collected in a 1-liter flask, and the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide gas was immediately measured with a detection tube type gas meter (GV-100S manufactured by Gastech). Then, immediately after 30 minutes, the hydrogen sulfide gas concentration was measured again for two types, one in which 10 g of rice bran carbide powder (10 to 20 μ mesh) was charged and the other without charging, in the same flask. A similar test was performed for ammonia. That is, ammonia generated by feeding into ammonia water was collected in a flask, and the concentration was measured. Then, 30 minutes later, the measurement was again performed for the rice bran charcoal which had been charged immediately and the rice bran charcoal which had not been charged.
Table 3 shows the results. As a detection tube, in the case of hydrogen sulfide, No. No. 4M was used. 3L was used.

[0026]

[Table 3]

Since the rice bran charcoal does not rot, it can be stored for a long time, and there are no restrictions on storage conditions. In other words, carbonizing rice bran can eliminate the disadvantages of rice bran such as slow decomposition and poor storage stability. In addition, it absorbs the bad odor of the place where the rice bran is stored and purifies the air. Rice bran charcoal can also be actively used for deodorizing livestock barns.

Next, attention was paid to the point that the rice bran carbide exerts a rust-preventive action. PH of water to which 1% or more of rice bran carbide is added
Is 7.3 to 8.5. Hardness is 50-100, which is the same as tap water. Although weakly alkaline, it is due to the action of phosphate ions and calcium ions contained in the rice bran carbide.
For this reason, it exhibits a rust-preventive effect and does not rust even if iron is immersed therein. When the rice bran carbide is put into water, white suspended matter (estimated as hydroxyapatite) elutes, but can be removed with a nonwoven fabric / filter paper. Iron does not rust in the water removed. As described above, since the rice bran carbide has a rust prevention function, for example, a tank or a cartridge containing the rice bran can be installed in a water circulation path of a heat exchange device such as a boiler to provide a rust prevention system.

As described above, the rice bran carbide can be used as a fertilizer, a soil improving material, a water quality improving material, and a deodorant, and also exhibits a rust-preventive effect. This rice bran carbide is actually used as follows. It may be used as a molded product hardened with a binder such as brown sugar solution, kibushi, and clay. ○ Soak rice bran in agricultural irrigation canals. ○ Mix rice bran carbide into soil. ○ Make a rice bran carbide layer below 50 cm below the soil surface. ○ Sprinkle rice bran on rice fields. ○ Make rice bran fences and banks around paddy fields and fields. ○ Sowing in the livestock barn or filling.

[0030]

The fertilizer, soil improver, water quality improver, deodorant, and rust preventive method according to the present invention utilize charcoal of rice bran obtained at a low cost and are extremely effective.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a carbonizing device.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of the carbonizing device.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view showing the results of a test on promoting microbial metabolic activity using various types of charcoal.

FIG. 5 is a view showing the results of a sewage purification test when charcoal rice bran is used and when it is not used.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace body 2 Inner cylinder 11 Feeder 16 Carbide discharge pipe 17 Hot gas pipe

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kazuaki Nishimura 3-2-1-18 Chuo, Kuki-shi, Saitama R-Duck Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Nagaaki Kataoka 4-25 Midori, Sumida-ku, Tokyo No. 2 Nichibaku Corporation (72) Inventor Takayuki Maruyama 4-6-7 Higashi-Ueno, Taito-ku, Tokyo F-term (reference) 4B023 LE08 4D004 AA04 BA02 BA03 BA04 CA14 CA26 CB04 DA02 DA06 4G046 CA00 CB08 HA01 HB02 4G066 AA04B AC39A CA02 CA28 CA41 CA43 DA03 DA07 FA18 FA23 4H061 AA01 CC42 KK08

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A fertilizer comprising charcoalized rice bran obtained by carbonizing rice bran or rice bran cake. 2. A soil improver comprising charcoalized rice bran obtained by carbonizing rice bran or rice bran cake. 3. A water quality improving material comprising a rice bran char obtained by carbonizing rice bran or rice bran cake. 4. A deodorant comprising charcoalized rice bran obtained by carbonizing rice bran or rice bran cake. 5. Rust prevention characterized in that alkaline water obtained by treating rice bran or rice bran char obtained by carbonizing rice bran cake is used for equipment and devices that require rust prevention. Method.