JP2001074314A - Heat collecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To permit the light reception of a wide area with a low posture by a method wherein the thickness of a heat collector in a sunward direction is thinned and high temperature heat collection is facilitated while reducing the number of driving mechanisms with respect to the area of light reception. SOLUTION: A first parabolic mirror 40a or a plane mirror, a second parabolic mirror 52 and a light/heat converting block 61 are mounted in a box body surrounded by a flat glass plate 36 or a Fresnel lens and plates 31, 33 to turn and reflect the light of incidence in the box body whereby solar beams are collected and projected on a light/heat converting conical surface 63 by the box body with a thin thickness through a long distance light path. A flow passage 69 is formed in the block 61 and heat exchanging fluid is conducted to flow through the same and collect heat. Dried air or inert gas is sealed in the box body through a valve device. Heat collectors of a total number of 64 sets are supported by supporting device group of 4×4=16 sets, arrayed in matrix array and supporting respective 4 pieces of AZ shafts by each EL shafts. One set of the driving machine drives 4 sets of supporting devices.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat collector for collecting parallel light and converting it into heat, and one of typical uses is a solar heat collector.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional heat collector, a pipe having a black surface for light / heat conversion is arranged at a focal position of a mirror or convex lens having a semicircular cross section or a parabolic cross section and having a long vertical length. Some light / heat conversion fluids allow water to pass through. If the convex lens has a large condensing diameter, it becomes thick, and is not suitable as a solar condensing lens. The Fresnel lens is suitable for a condensing lens because it is plate-shaped and has a small thickness and does not become particularly thick even with a large condensing diameter.

[0003]

By the way, if the incident angle of light to the light / heat conversion surface (the angle with respect to a line perpendicular to the surface) is large, the light is reflected by total reflection, and the heat collection efficiency is reduced. As the surface diameter (light collection area) increases, the focal length needs to be increased. Even when a mirror is used, it is necessary to increase the focal length as the focusing area is increased. The result is a thick (high) collector in the direction toward the sun. In addition, light is condensed (light is focused) on the cross section, but light is not condensed in the longitudinal direction, so that the light condensing density is low and high-temperature heat collection is difficult.

The first object of the present invention is to reduce the thickness of the heat collector in the direction in which the sun is viewed, and to reduce the heat collection at a high temperature to the second.
The purpose of. A third object is to reduce the number of driving mechanisms for sun tracking with respect to the total light receiving area, and a fourth object is to receive light over a wide area in a low attitude.

[0005]

(1) A casing including a bottom plate (31), a side plate (33) surrounding an opening opposed thereto and a light-transmitting member (36 / 36f) for closing the opening; A first mirror (40a) for reflecting the light that has passed through the light-transmitting member (36 / 36f) and entered the casing; a first mirror (40a) within the casing; A second mirror, which is a small-sized, short-focal-length curved mirror that is positioned in front of the first mirror (40a) and reflects the light reflected by the first mirror (40a), is located in front of the first mirror (36a / 36f). (52); a light / heat conversion surface (63) facing the second mirror (52) and a light / heat conversion channel (68a, 69, 68b) for passing a heat exchange fluid.
A heat conversion member (61); and a fluid supply / drain pipe (73, 74) connected to the flow path (68a, 69, 68b);
At least one of 6f) and the first mirror (40a) is a long focal length light collecting element; a heat collector. In order to facilitate understanding, reference numerals in parentheses indicate the corresponding elements of the embodiments shown in the drawings and described later for reference. The same applies to the following.

According to this, the light transmitting member (36 / 36f) or the first
The mirror (40a) condenses light at a long focal length, the first mirror (40a) reflects in the direction of the light transmitting member (36 / 36f), and the reflected light is transmitted to the bottom plate (52) by the second mirror (52). The light is reflected back in the direction (31) and irradiates the light / heat conversion surface (63) of the light / heat conversion member (61). The light path is a light-transmitting member (36 / 36f) / first mirror (40a) / second mirror (52) / light / heat conversion surface (63).
Since the distance between (36 / 36f) / bottom plate (31) is about 2.5 times, even with a relatively short distance between the light-transmitting member (36 / 36f) / bottom plate (31), high-efficiency light / heat conversion can be achieved. Focused light can be applied to the light / heat conversion member (61) at an angle. Thereby, even if the light receiving area of the heat collector is increased, the thickness in the direction of viewing the sun can be designed to be small. It is possible to receive light over a wide area in a low attitude. Further, the light-collecting density is high, and high-temperature heat collection is possible.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (2) A first mirror (40a) is a large and long mirror for reflecting and condensing light passing through the light transmitting member (36 / 36f) and entering the casing. A mirror mirror with a focal length;
The second mirror (52) is located on the optical axis of the first mirror (40a) (FIGS. 12 and 23). (3) The light / heat conversion member (61) penetrates through the bottom plate (31) at a position where the optical axis of the second mirror (52) intersects the bottom plate (31), and the light / heat conversion member (61) has the optical axis as an axis. It has a conical light / heat conversion surface (63) facing the 2 mirror (52) and receiving the reflected light (FIG. 12, FIG.
22, Figure 23). (4) Includes an inner port opened to the inside space of the casing, an outer port opened to the outside of the casing, and a valve element (107) for opening and closing between both ports. , A valve device (92) mounted on the casing (31); the heat collecting device further includes (FIG. 14). (5) The light transmitting member (36f) is a large-sized, long focal length Fresnel lens (36f) (FIGS. 22, 23). (6) The light transmitting member (36f) is a large, long focal length Fresnel lens (36f), and the first mirror (40pm) is a plane mirror (40pm) (FIG. 22). (7) The light transmitting member (36f) is a large-sized, long focal length Fresnel lens (36f), and the first mirror (40pm) is a curved mirror (40a).
(FIG. 23). (8) At least one first set of shafts (B) extending in a predetermined direction (SA)
1); With respect to a plane (Sp) parallel to the axis of the first set of shaft bodies (B1),
Bearings (C11, C12) for rotatably supporting the first set of shafts (B1) around the axis; a first drive for rotating the first set of shafts (B1) about the axis; Driving means (ES1, D11); extend in a direction (FA) orthogonal to the first set of shafts (B1), and are rotatable about an axis extending in this direction by the first set of shafts (B1). A second set of first shafts (4) and a first shaft (4) supporting the first set of heat collectors (21 to 24) are supported and fixed with their rotation centers aligned with their axes. A first wheel (7) and a first worm (12) meshing with the first wheel (7) and parallel to the first set of shafts (B1);
A first supporting machine (A11) including a first shaft body (B1) supporting the second set of first shaft bodies (4), and a second set of first shaft bodies.
A second wheel fixed to a second set of second shafts supporting the second set of heat collectors and supporting the second set of heat collectors in the same manner as in (4), with the rotation center aligned with the axis thereof. A second support (A12) including a second worm engaged with the second wheel and parallel to the first set of shafts (B1); and a first and a second worm. A coupling member (I11) and a second driving means (EF1) for mechanically coupling the same in the same direction.

In the most typical use mode, the predetermined direction
(SA) is a horizontal axis (east-west axis) extending in the east-west direction. In this case, the first set of shafts (B1) is parallel to the center of the rotation of the elevation, that is, the shaft (B1). The plane (Sp) is a horizontal plane (or a rooftop plane), and the first driving means (ES1, D11) is an elevation driving machine. The second set of the first shaft (4) and the second shaft is
The center of azimuth rotation, the connecting member (I11) and the second driving means (EF1) are azimuth driving machines. First
One elevation mechanism mainly composed of a pair of shafts (B1), and a first and second supporter (A11, A11, A12) Since two azimuth mechanisms are supported, a large amount of heat collectors (wide total light receiving area) can be supported with a small amount of mechanisms.

The first and second supporters (A11, A12) are distributed in the direction (SA) along the east-west axis, so that a wide light receiving area can be secured without making the height particularly high. It is. Third and fourth supporting machines are further added to one of the shafts (B1) of the first set.
(A13, A14) can also be equipped, in this case, the first set of shafts (B1) becomes long, but it is necessary to use a plurality of bearings (C11 to C14) distributed in the length direction (SA). By supporting in parallel to the plane (Sp) through the plane, the load of the supporting machine group (A11 to A14) is distributed in the direction (SA) along the center axis of the first set of shafts (B1) and
(Sp). Since the load is distributed in the uniaxial direction (SA) of the plane (Sp), the support structure of the first set of shafts (B1) does not need to be as strong as the conventional support structure of the vertical column.
Installation of the pair of shafts (B1) is easy. (9) Each of the supporting machines (A11, A12) is fixed to the first set of shafts (B1) at right angles, and supports the second set of shafts (4) rotatably. And a duct pipe (20) having one end secured to the first set of shafts (B1) and the other end coupled to one end of the second set of shafts (4), and the first set of shafts (B1 ) And the second set of shafts (4) are hollow pipes and communicate with each other through the inner space of the duct pipe (20). According to this, the series of the first set of shafts (B1), the duct pipe (20) and the second set of shafts (4) are connected to the fluid supply / discharge pipes (73, 74) connected to the heat collector. It can be used for a duct, in which case piping is easy. (10) The first set of shaft bodies (B1, B2) similarly supports a plurality of supporting machines (A21, A22) each having the same structure as the first and second supporting machines (A11, A12). , A plurality (B1, B2),
The first drive means (ES1, D11) is connected to the plurality of (B
1, B2) are simultaneously rotated in the same direction.

According to this, when the predetermined direction (SA) is a horizontal axis (east-west axis) extending in the east-west direction, four or more support machines (A11, A12, A21, A22) support the support surface (Sp). ), And all of them are the first driving means in the elevation direction.
(ES1, D11) are simultaneously driven in the same direction. In the azimuth direction, two (A11 and A12 / A21 and A22) supported by the same first set of shaft bodies (B1, B2) are simultaneously driven in the same direction. Although the number of supporting machines (A11, A12, A21, A22) for supporting the heat collector is large and the total light receiving area can be designed to be wide, the height of the heat collector does not need to be particularly high. The support structure of the first set of shafts (B1, B2) for supporting the support machine does not need to be designed particularly strong. In addition, even when the total light receiving area is increased, the height does not increase particularly, so that there is a low possibility of blocking sunlight to another person's place outside the installation section. (11) Each support (1) of each support machine (A11, A12, A21, A22)
Each worm (12) is rotatably supported, and each worm support frame () holds the movement of the worm (12) in the direction in which the first set of shafts (B1, B2) extend. 10) was fixed.

According to this, the rotation of the second set of shafts (4) caused by the application of an external force such as wind to the heat collector is caused by the worm.
(12) and the support (1) via the worm support frame (10). That is, the worm (12) and the worm support frame (1)
0) functions as a stopper for preventing rotation of the second pair of shaft bodies (4) due to external force. (12) Supporting device for the sun position (sunlight arrival direction)
Means (80, 131) for detecting a pointing shift (shift in the direction of aim) of the heat collectors (21 to 24) supported by (A11); and first driving means (ES1, D11) to reduce the shift. Drive control means (131; FIGS. 17, 18) for rotationally driving the first set of shafts (B1) and the second set of shafts (4) via the second drive means (EF1). (13) The drive control means (131) is a first drive means (ES1, D11)
And the rotational speed of the first set of shafts (B1) and the second set of shafts (4) by the rotational drive of the second drive means (EF1), When the following is delayed, the speed is increased, and when the speed is advanced, the speed is reduced (FIG. 19). (14) light control means (PSm, PSn) for detecting the presence or absence of sunlight irradiation at or above a predetermined level (Stm, Stn) and detecting whether the direction of sunlight irradiation is in the morning or afternoon; (131) is a first set of shafts driven by the first driving means (ES1, D11) when the sunlight irradiation direction changes from the morning angle to the afternoon angle in the presence of sunlight irradiation at a predetermined level or more.
The rotational drive direction of (B1) is reversed, and when there is no sunlight irradiation of a predetermined level or more, the first set of shafts ((1) by rotational drive of the first drive means (ES1, D11) and the second drive means (EF1). B1) and the rotation drive of the second set of shaft bodies (4) are stopped (FIG. 16). (15) means (Seh, Sah, 131) for detecting whether or not the heat collectors (21 to 24) supported by the supporting machine (A11) are in the reference posture (HP); and the drive control means (131) When the reference attitude is detected, the attitude data is updated to that of the reference attitude, and the first drive means (ES1, D
11) and the second driving means (EF1) are pulse-driven to update the posture change and posture data due to the pulse driving. When there is no irradiation of sunlight above a predetermined level, driving is stopped and the elapsed time ( Rwc) is measured, and when there is a change from the absence of sunlight irradiation of a predetermined level or more to the presence, the first drive means (ES1, D11) and the second drive means for the amount of change in the sun position during the elapsed time (Rwc) 2 The high-speed pulse drive of the driving means (EF1) is performed, and the attitude data is updated accordingly (FIG. 21). (16) The drive control means (131) includes a first drive means (ES1, D11)
And the second drive means (EF1) is pulse-driven, and the attitude data is updated to a value obtained by adding a change in attitude by the pulse drive each time the pulse drive is performed. When the data goes out of the setting range, the collector (21-24)
Is set to the reference posture (HP), and the existence of sunlight irradiation of a predetermined level or more is waited (FIG. 20). (17) The drive control means (131) adds the elapsed time (Rwc) to the attitude data when there is no sunlight irradiation above a predetermined level.
When the value obtained by adding the amount of change in the sun position during the period is out of the set range, the heat collectors (21 to 24) are set to the reference posture (HP), and the presence of sunlight irradiation at a predetermined level or more is waited (FIG. 20).

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0013]

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, 4 × 4 = 16 supporting machines A11 to A11 along the reference plane Sp
14, A21 to A24, A31 to A34, A41 to A4
4 are arranged in a matrix. The first set of four supporters A11 to A14 is supported by the first set of first shaft bodies B1,
The second set of four supporters A21 to A24 is connected to the first set of the second supporters A21 to A24.
The third set of four supporters A31-A supported by the shaft body B2
34 is supported by a first set of third shaft bodies B3 and a fourth set of 4
The supporters A41 to A44 are supported by a first set of fourth shaft bodies B4.

FIG. 1 shows each supporting machine Aij (i = 1 to 4, j
= 1 to 4) are four heat collectors (21 to 24 in A11)
) Is supported, and each support device Aij is laid down so that the light receiving surface of the heat collector is parallel to the reference plane Sp. This state is the reference posture of each support device Aij. In this state, FIG. 2 shows a plane in which all the heat collectors have been deleted and indicated by a thin two-dot chain line. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the left side of the supporter as viewed in the direction of arrow SA from the left end side of FIG. Please refer to FIG. The first shaft body B1 of the first set is a hollow pipe,
The bearings C11 to C14 are rotatable around the axis,
And it is supported in parallel with the reference plane Sp. First
The second shaft body B2 to the fourth shaft body B4 of the set are also hollow pipes of the same size and material as the shaft body B1, and have four bearings C21 to C24, C31 to C34 and C41 to C4, respectively.
At 4, it is supported rotatably about the axis and parallel to the reference plane Sp.

In a most preferred mode of use, the reference plane Sp
Is a plane on the roof of the building, and SA shown in the figure is east-west axis and S
The arrow direction of A is west, FA is the north-south axis, the arrow direction of FA is north, TA is the vertical axis, and the arrow direction of TA is the sky. In this mode of use, a first set of shafts B1 to B4 is an elevation rotation axis, a second set of 4 × Four axes (A11 is indicated by reference numeral 4) are azimuth rotation axes.

When the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is installed on the east wall of a building, the reference plane Sp is the east wall,
SA is the north-south axis, FA is the vertical axis, and TA is the east-west axis. When the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is installed on the south wall of a building, the reference plane Sp is the south wall, SA is the east-west axis,
FA is the vertical axis, and TA is the north-south axis. 1 to 3
Is installed on the west wall of a building, the reference plane Sp is the west wall, SA is the north-south axis, FA is the vertical axis, and TA is the east-west axis. In addition, the wall is correctly horizontal,
Even if the plane is not correctly eastward, correctly southward, or correctly westward, it can be used as the reference plane Sp as long as it is a plane on which sunlight shines. That is, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is provided on the plane, and sunlight can be received by the heat collector.

However, for the sake of simplicity of understanding, in the following, it is assumed that the illustrated SA is an east-west axis, FA is a north-south axis, and TA is a vertical axis. That is, the shaft bodies B1 to B
Reference numeral 4 denotes an elevation rotation axis, a second set of 4 × 4, which is shown in FIG.
The axis of this book (A11 is indicated by reference numeral 4) is the azimuth rotation axis.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the first set of first supporters A11 located in the first row F1 and the first column S1 shown in FIGS. A quadrangular cylindrical support 1 is fixed to a first set of first shaft bodies B1 at a right angle. The first shaft member 4 of the second set is also a hollow pipe, and this shaft member 4 is connected to the arm 2 through each bearing.
3, it is rotatable, but is supported by a structure that restrains movement in the direction in which the axis extends. The arms 2 and 3 support the shaft body 4 and are fixed to the column 1.

One end of the U-shaped duct pipe 20 is fixed to the shaft B 1, and the other end thereof is inserted into one end of the shaft 4. Fixing plates 5, 6 and a wheel 7 are fixed to the shaft body 4. The wheel 7 is located roughly in the middle of the shaft 4. Heat collector supporting frames 8 and 9 are fixed to the wheel 7 and the fixing plates 5 and 6, respectively.
A total of four heat collectors 21 to 24 are fixed to each.

FIG. 5 shows a mechanism member for rotatably supporting the shaft body 4. FIG. 5 shows a state in which the arms 2 and 3 are already fixed to the column 1, and the shafts 4 are rotatable and fixed to the arms 2 and 3 until they are fixed to the column 1. It is immovably connected in the direction along the heart.

FIG. 6 shows a mechanism member for fixing and supporting the heat collectors 21 to 24. The support frames 8, 9 are of a symmetrical shape with respect to the wheel 7 between them,
3 bolts to one heat collector, 6 bolt through holes 21h1 in total
~ 21h3, 22h1 ~ 22h3 / 23h1 ~ 23h
3, 24h1 to 24h3. In each of the heat collectors 21 to 24, three fixing bolts are hermetically fixed to the bottom plate by welding, and they are passed through the above-described bolt through holes, and nuts are attached and screwed to fix them. The heat collectors 21 to 24 are integrated with and fixed to the support frames 8 and 9. In addition, in addition to a washer, rings of various thicknesses for fine adjustment of inclination are selectively attached to each of the fixing bolts, and these rings are tightened with nuts, so that heat collectors 21 to 21 for the support frames 8 and 9 are provided. 24 can be adjusted in mounting posture. FIG. 10 shows the relative positions of the support frames 8, 9 and the heat collectors 21 to 24 mounted thereon.

Referring again to FIG. 4 and FIG. Prop 1
A U-shaped worm supporting frame 10 is fixed at a position facing the tooth surface of the wheel 7, and this worm 10 is engaged with the wheel 7. 12 (FIG. 1
2) is supported by restricting the movement in the direction in which the axis is extended though it is rotatable.

FIG. 7 shows an outline of the engagement between the wheel 7 and the worm 12, and FIG. 8 shows the worm 12 and the wheel 7 in an enlarged manner. Referring to FIG. 8, at the center of the worm 12, there is a square hole in which the connecting parts 13, 1 are located.
A quadrangular prism with four leg ends is press-fitted. Connecting tools 13, 14
Is generally a pin with a head, and the round bar-shaped neck of its leg penetrates the frame 10 and is rotatably supported by a bearing.
Press-fit. A square hole is formed in the head of each of the connecting members 13 and 14, and a square pillar at the end of the connecting rod I <b> 11 is fitted into the square hole of the connecting member 13. Therefore, the connecting rod I11
Is rotated, the coupling 13 and the worm 12 are also rotated, whereby the wheel 7 is rotated. That is, the shaft body 4 integral with the wheel 7 rotates. As shown in FIG. 4, heat collectors 21 to 2 are attached to the shaft body 4 via support frames 8 and 9.
4 is fixed, the heat collectors 21 to 24 are
Around the center.

Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG.
A large-diameter spur gear 15 is integrally fixed to the spur gear 15. As shown in FIG. 9B, an intermediate gear 16 meshes with the spur gear 15, and a stepping motor and a speed reducer are mounted on the intermediate gear 16. The drive gear 17 fixed to the output shaft of the built-in electric drive EF1 meshes. FIG. 4 shows an outline of the electric drive mechanism shown in FIG. 9B. Electric drive E
At F1, the wheel 7 can be rotationally driven via the gears 17, 16, 15, the connecting member 14, and the worm 12, and in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. The heat collectors 21 to 24 can be rotationally driven within a range of approximately 180 degrees around the center. This rotation drive is azimuth drive.

Referring again to FIG. 1 and FIG. As described above, the first set of first rows located in the first row F1 and the first column S1.
The supporting machine A11 is supported by the first set of first shaft bodies B1, and similarly, the first to fourth supporting machines A12 to A14 located in the second to fourth rows S2 to S4 of the first set are also provided. , And a first set of first shaft bodies B1. However, the second to fourth supporting machines A
The active drive elements EF1, 15 to 17 provided in the first supporter A11 do not exist in 12 to A14, and the worm corresponding to the above-described worm 12 of the second to fourth supporters A12 to A14. Are connected to the worm 12 by connecting rods I11, I12 and I13 (FIG. 2), and rotate simultaneously with the worm 12 in the same direction and at the same speed. Therefore, the heat collectors of the second to fourth supporters A12 to A14 are also the first supporter A11.
And at the same time and in the same direction at the same speed. That is, one set of active drive elements EF1, 15 to 17 provided in the first support device A11 simultaneously drives the first set of all support devices A11 to A14 azimuthally.

In FIG. 2, mechanism units H11, H21, H31 and H41 surrounded by a double circle with a two-dot chain line are azimuth drive mechanisms having the above-mentioned active drive elements (EF1, 15 to 17). An azimuth drive mechanism in which the mechanism units H12 to H14, H22 to H24, H32 to H34, and H42 to H44 surrounded by a single circle with a dashed line have only a driven mechanism in which there is no active drive element and the worm is driven to rotate by a connecting rod. It is. That is, the supporters A11, A21, A31, and A41 in the first row S1 shown in FIG. 1 include an azimuth drive mechanism having an active drive element.
Supporting machines A12 to A14, A22 in second to fourth rows S2 to S4
A24 to A24, A32 to A34, and A42 to A44 each have an azimuth driving mechanism including only a driven mechanism.

The elevation drive mechanism for rotatingly driving the first set of shaft members B1 to B4 also uses a combination of a worm and a wheel, similarly to the azimuth drive mechanism described above. Referring to FIG. 2, two wheels are fixed to the first shaft body B1 of the first set, and the worms meshing with the wheels are rotatable on the support bases D11 and D12. In addition, it is supported while restraining movement in the direction in which its axis extends. Similarly, two wheels are fixed to each of the other shaft members B2 to B4, and the worms meshing with the wheels are supported by support bases D21, D22 / D31, D32 / D4.
1, D42, it is rotatable and supported while restraining its movement in the direction in which its axis extends. Similarly to the azimuth drive system described above, each worm supported by each of the supports D11 to D42 is driven by three connecting rods (one of which is G11) so as to rotate simultaneously in the same direction at the same speed. The worms connected to each other and supported by the support bases D12 to D42 are connected by three connecting rods (one of which is G12) so as to simultaneously rotate in the same direction at the same speed.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the worm supported by the first set of first supports D11 is driven by a stepping motor via a gear train, similarly to the azimuth drive mechanism shown in FIG. And an electric drive ES1 having a built-in speed reducer, whereby the first set of all shaft bodies B1 to B4
Are simultaneously driven to rotate in the same direction at the same speed. This is the elevation drive. Since one shaft body (for example, B1) supports four support machines (A11 to A14), the first
The load of the elevation drive of all the shaft bodies B1 to B4 of the set is large. Further, for example, when all the supporting machines A11 to A44 are set up vertically, a strong rotating force is applied to the shafts B1 to B4 due to wind pressure, whereby a strong stopper function is added so that the shafts B1 to B4 do not rotate. There is a need. Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, another set of the elevation driving mechanisms (D12 to D42, D12 to D42, D12 to D42) having the same structure as the above-described elevation driving mechanisms (D11 to D41, ES1).
ES2) is coupled to the first set of all shafts B1-B4 to form 2
A set of elevation drive mechanisms are simultaneously energized.

As shown in FIG. 2, a duct CA is provided between the bearing row having the bearing C12 and the bearing row having the C13.
d, which extends in the north-south direction (FA). In this embodiment, although the details will be described later, the heat collectors (21 to 24) are conical holes that collect sunlight and have a high light / heat conversion efficiency as a light absorbing surface (hereinafter simply referred to as a conical surface). The heat exchange fluid supply / discharge tubes 73 and 74 connected to the heat collector penetrate through a hole in the circumferential surface of the second set of shafts (4), that is, the azimuth shaft. It enters the interior space, extends along the axis, and enters the first set of shafts (B1) through the duct pipe 20 and into the duct CAd where it is assembled into a bundle OFc. That is, the duct C
The tube bundle OFc passes through Ad. The first set of all shafts B1 to B4 pass through the duct CAd in the lateral direction SA,
It is rotatable with respect to the duct CAd. In order to pass the tube group branched from the tube bundle OFc through the first set of all the shafts B1 to B4, the area of the all the shafts B1 to B4 located in the duct CAd has a quarter turn (all the circumference). 9 out of 360 degrees
0 °) for the tube insertion (side opening). The rotation range of the elevation drive is 90 degrees, and the opening width (1/4 circumference) is adjusted to this range.

Referring again to FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the light receiving surfaces (surfaces facing the sun) of the heat collectors (21 to 24) are parallel to both the SA and FA axes (perpendicular to the TA axis). ; Parallel to the reference plane Sp) is defined as the reference attitude of the heat collector,
This is the standby posture. At this time, the column 1 and the shaft 4 are parallel to the FA axis. In this state, the rotation angle (elevation angle) of the shaft body B1 is set to +90 degrees, and the rotation angle (azimuth angle) of the shaft body 4 is set to +90 degrees, and these are called home positions (HP). Note that the two-dot chain line 4
As shown by, the rotation angle (elevation angle) of the shaft B1 is 0 degree in the vertical upright state in which the column 1 is erected in parallel with the TA axis. In this vertically upright state, the heat collectors 21 to 24 are arranged as shown in FIG.
The above azimuth angle +90 when in the upper solid line position
Azimuth home position. From this solid line position, the heat collectors 21 to 90 are rotated counterclockwise (upper in FIG. 7) by 90 degrees.
When 24 is rotated, the azimuth angle is 0 degree, and the light receiving surfaces of the heat collectors 21 to 24 are orthogonal to the SA axis and face east. When the heat collectors 21 to 24 are rotated by 90 degrees clockwise (upward in FIG. 7) from the solid line position, the azimuth angle is 180 degrees, and the light receiving surfaces of the heat collectors 21 to 24 are orthogonal to the SA axis. , Facing west. In this embodiment, the supporting machines (A11-A
The reason why the standing posture shown in FIG. 44) in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 is a standby posture is considered to be the lowest posture and the external force such as wind is small.

The collector supporter A11 is in this reference position (e.g.,
3 and 4, a switch Seh for detecting the elevation HP is provided on the support 1, and a switch Sah for detecting the azimuth HP is provided on the arm 3, as shown in FIGS. It is attached to. Switch Seh
Indicates that the switch is on when the elevation angle is less than +90 degrees, and is off when the elevation angle is +90 degrees or more (downward posture). That is, the switch is turned off in the elevation HP. The switch Sah is on when the azimuth angle is out of +90 degrees, and is off when it is +90 degrees. That is, the switch is turned off at the azimuth HP.

The supporter A11 supports four heat collectors 21 to 24 shown in FIG. Between the heat collectors 21 and 22 and 23 and 24, there is a gap in which the wheel 7 is provided and through which the connecting rod I11 can pass.

FIG. 11 shows the appearance of the heat collector 22. The heat collector 22 is generally a hollow cube having an opening of a square cell sealed with a light-transmitting plate 36, and the outer surface of the light-transmitting plate 36 is a light receiving surface (a surface receiving sunlight). Inside the cube, a focal length shorter than its depth, 4 of the same size and shape
A first set of mirrors 40 in which the parabolic mirrors 40a to 40d are integrally formed by pressing, polishing, and plating a metal plate are housed. At the center of each of the parabolic mirrors 40a to 40d, there is a light / heat converter 60a to 60d, and near the focal point of each of the parabolic mirrors 40a to 40d, a light transmitting plate 36 is provided.
There is a second set of reflectors 50a-50d fixed to the reflector.

FIG. 12 shows an FA-TA cross section at the position of the reflector 50a in FIG. Please refer to FIG. 11 and FIG. One parabolic mirror 40a, a light / heat converter 60a at the center thereof, and a second reflecting the light reflected and collected by the parabolic mirror 40a to the light / heat converter 60a.
The combination of the three reflectors 50a is the minimum heat collecting unit. As shown in FIG. 11, one heat collector is constituted by four sets of such heat collecting units, and each of the supporting devices A11 to A44 includes four heat collectors as shown in FIG. To support.

Referring again to FIG. 11 and FIG. First
At the center of each of the parabolic mirrors 40a to 40d of the set of mirrors 40, a round hole for mounting the light / heat converters 60a to 60d is opened. The bottom plate 31 of the heat collector 22 is provided with round holes that match these round holes.
0 bushing 6 for hermetic sealing with high heat resistance
4 is press-fitted. The hole in the center of the bush 64
The light / heat conversion block 61 penetrates and its flange 62 is in the heat collector and contacts the bush 64. The trunk of the light / heat conversion block 61 which projects through the bush 64 to the outside of the heat collector has a large-diameter male screw, which passes through the washer 65, the fixing nut 66 and the lock nut 67 which contact the bush 64. are doing. By fastening the fixing nut 66 to the male screw of the light / heat conversion block 61, the flange 62 and the washer 65 of the light / heat conversion block 61 press the bush 64. That is, squeeze. If the tightness of the light / heat converter mounting portion becomes insufficient due to this pinching pressure, a heat resistant sealant is applied to the inner and outer surfaces of the bush 64 in advance, and then the light / heat converter is mounted. Perform installation. After screwing the fixing nut 66 sufficiently, the lock nut 67 is screwed to prevent the locking nut 66 from loosening.

The light / heat conversion block 61 has a conical blind hole, and the inner wall surface, that is, the conical surface 63 is a light absorbing surface having a high light / heat conversion efficiency, which is blackened by blackening the metal surface. is there. The sunlight hitting the position close to the opening of the conical surface 63 is repeatedly reflected on the conical surface 63 a plurality of times, and
The inclination angle of the conical surface 63 (the angle formed with the central axis) is relatively small so as to reach the bottom. Each time the sunlight hits the conical surface 63, a part of the sunlight changes into heat, and the sunlight repeatedly reflects on the conical surface 63 a plurality of times, and largely attenuates until reaching the bottom of the conical surface 63. The light that has reached the bottom of the conical surface 63 repeats a plurality of reflections on the conical surface 63 and exits from the opening of the conical surface 63. At each reflection, a part of the light is converted into heat.

On the back side of the conical surface, there is a flow passage 69 for passing a heat exchange fluid, and in this flow passage 69, two screw holes 68a, 68b opened in the bottom surface on the back side of the block 61 are continuous. Each of the hollow bases 71, 72 is provided in each of the screw holes 68a, 68b.
Are screwed into the respective bases 71, 72, and the heat exchange fluid supply / discharge tubes 73, 7 having high heat resistance, flexibility and heat insulation.
4 is connected. Each flow path (69) of 4 × 4 = 16 sets of heat collecting units supported by each supporting machine (for example, A11)
Are fluid supply / discharge tubes 73, 74 connected to each unit.
, And are connected in series on the supporter, and are also connected in series to the respective flow paths of the heat collecting units of the adjacent supporter (A12). That is, two supporting machines (A11, A1
2) is a pair, and there is a pair of fluid supply / discharge tubes, which penetrate the second set of shafts (4), ie, holes in the circumferential surface of the azimuth shaft, and Into and extend along the axis, and into the duct CAd where there is a bundle OF
c. In the thickest base of the bundle OFc, 4
× 4/2 = 8 pairs of fluid supply / discharge tubes are bundled.

A round hole is formed in the translucent plate 36 at a position where the central axis of the light / heat conversion block 61 intersects, and a bush 55 for a hermetic seal having high weather resistance is press-fitted therein. The center hole is a small mirror of the second set of reflectors 50a.
51 threaded rods 53 penetrate out of the collector. The small mirror 51 is shaped like a bolt having a large cylindrical screw head, and a small diameter parabolic mirror 52 is formed on the head corresponding to the screw head.

Generally, the position of the focal point of the parabolic mirror 52 is the same as the focal position of the parabolic mirror 40a, and the optical axis of the parabolic mirror 40a is correctly aligned with the sunlight path. When
That is, when the parabolic mirror 40a is correctly directed to the sun, the light reflected by the parabolic mirror 40a is focused on its focal point and reflected by the parabolic mirror 52 to form a parallel beam. /
The heat conversion block 61 is reached. At this time, the distance between the center positions of the parabolic mirror 40a and the parabolic mirror 52 (distance between mirror surfaces) is: reference distance = focal length of the parabolic mirror 40a + focal length of the parabolic mirror 52. If the distance between the mirror surfaces is shorter than the reference distance, the light beam reflected by the parabolic mirror 52 toward the light / heat conversion block 61 becomes wider and conversely, if it is longer, the light beam becomes narrower.

The screw rod 53 of the small mirror 51 is
4, the bush 55, the outer washer 56, and the fixing nut 57 are penetrated. When the fixing nut 57 is screwed to the screw rod 53, the bush 55 is squeezed and the screw rod 53 is pressed.
And the light transmitting plate 36 are hermetically sealed. If necessary, a lock nut is further screw-connected to the screw rod 53 to press the fixing nut 57.

An airtight seal frame 32 is attached to the end of the bottom plate 31 of the heat collector 22. The seal frame 32 is sandwiched between a square cylinder 33 and a square ring-shaped fixed frame 34 so as to sandwich the bottom plate 31. The fixed frame 34 is fixed to the square cylinder 33 by plasma spot welding in a state where the bottom plate 31 and the square cylinder 33 are compressed in the thickness direction. An airtight seal frame 35 is also attached to the translucent plate 36, and this seal frame 35 is
The light transmitting plate 3 is sandwiched between the rectangular cylinder 33 and the square ring-shaped fixed frame 37.
6, the fixing frame 37 is fixed to the square tube 33 by plasma spot welding, and the light transmitting plate 36 and the square tube 33 are air-tightly fixed.
In the fixing frames 34 and 37, round holes 32h and 35h are previously formed at spot welding locations, and a plasma jet sprayed by a plasma torch is applied to the holes to thereby form edges of the round holes 32h and 35h. Melts into a square cylinder 33
Fused.

Heat collectors 21, 23, 2 other than the heat collector 22
4, and other supporting machines A12 to A14, A21 to A
All the heat collectors supported by 44 are the heat collecting unit (parabolic mirror 40a + light / heat converter 60a) shown in FIG.
+ Reflectors 50a) each having four. Similarly, the heat collector 22 includes four light collecting rods, and further includes a daylighting rod group 80 for detecting misalignment of the heat collector 22 with respect to the sun. This is shown in FIG.

Referring to FIG. 11 and FIG. 13, four stainless steel pipes 81a to 81d bent in a V-shape around the light / heat converter 60b are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the light / heat converter 60b. Are distributed. These pipes 81
a to 81d are held in a predetermined posture by a ring-shaped holder 82, and extend through the bushes 83a that hermetically penetrate the bottom plate 31 and the parabolic mirror 40a to extend outside the heat collector. ing. Each of the pipes 81a to 81d has an optical fiber wire with a ferrule attached to the tip inserted from the ferrule side, and the tip end face (light receiving surface) of the ferrule is connected to the pipe 81.
a to 81d are located at the front end surfaces in the collectors. A sealant is filled in the stainless steel pipe of the optical fiber line and the outer tail opening of the heat collector of the pipes 81a to 81d.

The heat collector 22 is correctly oriented to the sun (the sun is on the extension of the central axis of the light / heat converter 60b).
Sometimes, the tip surfaces of the pipes 81a to 81d are behind the small mirror 51, and the direct sunlight does not reach. Further, the parabolic mirror 52 of the small mirror 51 is outside the light beam reflected on the light / heat conversion block 61, and does not receive the light beam. However, in the morning, the collectors 22
When the follow-up is delayed in the elevation direction, the light beam approaches the distal end face of the pipe 81a, and the amount of received light increases. At this time, the amount of light received on the distal end surface of the pair of pipes 81b is reduced.
When the elevation of the collector 22 follows the sun, and in the afternoon, the collector 2 is moved with respect to the movement of the sun.
If the follow-up of No. 2 is delayed in the elevation direction, the procedure is reversed.

If the follower of the heat collector 22 is delayed in the azimuth direction with respect to the movement of the sun, the light beam approaches the tip end surface of the pipe 81c, and the amount of received light increases. At this time, the paired pipe 8
The amount of light received on the tip surface of 1d is reduced. If the azimuth following of the heat collector 22 is ahead of the sun, the reverse is true. As described above, the position at which the daylighting rod group 80 for detecting the misalignment of the heat collector 22 exists is represented by Ps (FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8).
This is shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG.

If there is moisture in the above-mentioned heat collectors (21 to 24), fogging appears on the surface of each part in the heat collector at a low temperature. That is, dew forms. Condensation causes rust on the mirror surface. Since light having a density substantially equal to the density of natural sunlight hits the mirror 40, even if rust occurs on the mirror 40, the mirror 4
Zero is not consumed. However, the parabolic mirror 52 is exposed to the high-density light focused by the parabolic mirror 40a of the mirror 40, and if rust is generated there, the light loss (light / heat conversion) there rises rapidly to a high temperature. This further increases rust at an accelerated rate, and the parabolic mirror 52 may be rapidly deteriorated. As a countermeasure, the interior space of the heat collectors (21 to 24) is kept airtight by shutting off the interior space from the outside air, and a gas without moisture (for example, dry air or an inert gas without moisture) is kept in the interior space. Encapsulate. To facilitate this, a valve device 92 is mounted on the bottom plate 31 of the heat collector 21 (FIGS. 4, 7 and 10).

FIG. 14A is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the valve device 92. The round hole made in the bottom plate 31 has a bush 10
2, the bush 102, the washer 103, and the fixing nut 104 are inserted from the outside to the inside of the heat collector, and the male threaded cylindrical leg of the main body 101 penetrates, and the fixing nut 104 is screwed to the cylindrical leg. As a result, the flange of the main body 101 and the washer 103 squeeze the bush 102, whereby the bush 102 hermetically seals between the bottom plate 31 and the main body 101. A compression coil spring 106 is housed in a large-diameter round hole on the outside of the heat collector of the main body 101, and an external thread of the compression coil spring 106 is connected to a female thread of a valve seat sleeve 109, so that a flange of the main body 101 and a valve seat sleeve are formed. The O-ring 105 interposed between the valve seat and the end face of the valve 109 is compressed by screwing the valve seat sleeve 109 into a screw. This O-ring 105
An airtight seal is provided between the main body 101 and the valve seat sleeve 109.

The O-ring 1 is provided in the valve seat sleeve 109.
08 and a ball 107. The ball 107 is pressed by the compression coil spring 106 and presses against the O-ring 108 to shut off the inner space of the valve seat sleeve 109 at an intermediate point thereof (valve closed). Status). An O-ring 110 is inserted into a large-diameter female screw hole of the gas supply / discharge port of the valve seat sleeve 109, and the gas supply / discharge port is normally closed by a closing screw 111. The closing screw 111 slightly squeezes the O-ring 110 to prevent outside air from entering the interior space of the heat collector or to leak gas from the interior space to the outside.
The main purpose is to prevent garbage from entering the interior.

When the gas in the heat collector is evacuated to the outside and when dry air or an inert gas having no moisture is injected into the heat collector, a supply / discharge mouthpiece 120 is used. The cylindrical pin at the tip of the base 120 has an opening, and this opening is connected to an opening / closing valve (not shown) of a base portion of the base (not shown). Negative pressure (suction pressure) and positive pressure (dry air or water-free inert gas higher than atmospheric pressure) are selectively applied to the on-off valve via a two-way switching valve (not shown). When the closing screw 111 is removed from the gas supply / discharge port of the valve seat sleeve 109, as shown in FIG. Ring 11
0 is squeezed, and the ball 107 is pushed by the cylindrical pin at the tip of the base 120 to separate from the O-ring 108 (valve opening). In this state, the gas in the inner space of the heat collector is quickly exhausted by setting the two-way switching valve to the negative pressure supply and opening the on-off valve. When the two-way switching valve is switched to the positive pressure supply after the pressure in the internal space is sufficiently reduced, dry air or a dry inert gas rapidly enters the collector. When the positive pressure saturates to the set pressure, the on-off valve is closed, and the base 120 is closed with a valve seat.
Pull out from the gas supply and discharge port of the valve 109. At this time, first
The valve 107 comes into contact with the O-ring 108 to close the valve, and then the end face of the base is separated from the O-ring 110. In order to prevent dust and water from entering the valve seat sleeve 109, the valve seat sleeve
The gas supply / discharge port of the valve 109 is closed with the closing screw 111.

A valve device having the same structure as the valve device 92 described above is similarly mounted on each of the heat collectors. Discharging the gas in the above-described heat collector by applying a negative pressure;
By injecting the dry air or the inert gas without moisture by applying a positive pressure, the inside of the heat collector becomes the dry air or the inert gas without moisture, which is higher than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, dew condensation does not occur in the heat collector, and entry of humid air from outside into the heat collector is prevented.

Referring again to FIG. 1 and FIG. On a reference surface (a rooftop surface of a building) Sp, a pillar is provided, on which a photosensor PSm facing southeast and approximately 45 degrees upward, which is highly sensitive to sunlight in the morning, and
A photosensor PSn facing southwest and approximately 45 degrees upward and highly sensitive to sunlight in the afternoon is provided.
The sunlight of both sensors PSm and PSn is the first set of shaft bodies B1.
The amount of received light when orthogonal to .about.B4 is substantially the same.

FIG. 15 shows the configuration of the electric control system of the light-collecting device described above. The main components of the electric control system are CPU,
A microcomputer (hereinafter, MPU) 131 is a CPU system including a program ROM and a RAM.

The photo sensors PSm and PSn are connected to signal processing circuits 136a and 136b, and the signal processing circuits 136a and 136b generate light detection signals (analog voltages) indicating the respective light receiving amounts of the photo sensors PSm and PSn. , MPU 131, A / D conversion input ports AD1, AD
Give to 2. The level (voltage value) of these light detection signals
Are substantially the same when sunlight is orthogonal to the first set of shaft bodies B1 to B4. The MPU 131 has an A / D conversion input port.
The optical detection signals of the AD1 and AD2 are read after being converted into digital form, and the levels of these optical detection signals are compared to determine whether the time is AM or PM. Hereinafter, the detected light amount of the photosensor PSm, which is represented by data obtained by digital conversion, is expressed as Sm, and the detected light amount of the photosensor PSn is expressed as Sn.

The daylighting rod group 80 shown in FIGS. 11 and 13
The light radiated from the tip of each of ferrules 84a to 84d shown in FIG. 15 on the detection light output end side of each optical fiber wire inserted into each of stainless steel pipes 81a to 81d of FIG. The light is reduced at 85d, and then strikes the photosensors 86a to 86d. Each photo sensor 86a
To 86d are connected to each signal processing circuit 134a to 134d.
d generates a light detection signal indicating the amount of light at the end face of each of the stainless steel pipes 81a to 81d.
It is given to conversion input ports AD3 to AD6. MPU131
Converts the optical detection signals of the A / D conversion input ports AD3 to AD6 into digital form and reads them. Based on the levels of these optical detection signals, the delay and advance of the follower of the heat collector with respect to the movement of the sun are determined. judge. Hereinafter, the respective received light amounts of the pipes 81a to 81d, which are represented by data obtained by digital conversion, are as follows:
Expressed as Sa, Sb, Sc and Sd.

A constant voltage Vc is applied to the azimuth HP detection switch Sah and the elevation HP detection switch Seh via pull-up resistors 135a and 135b, and the potential of each switch is applied to the MPU 131. When the supporters A11 to A44 are azimuth HP, the switch Sah is off and applies a high potential H to the MPU 131. When the supporting machines A11 to A44 are the elevation HP,
The switch Seh is off, and applies the high potential H to the MPU 131. The supporting machines A11 to A44 are in the reference posture (the falling posture shown in FIGS. 1 to 3: azimuth HP and elevation HP).
When both switches are off, the high potential H is set to M
Give to PU131.

Each of the first set of drives, ie, the elevation drives ES1 and ES2, and the second set of drives, ie, the azimuth drives EF1 to EF4, includes a pulse motor M. Each motor driver 1
The pulses 32a, 132b, 133a to 133d are energized. Each motor driver receives a drive / stop instruction signal and a forward / reverse instruction signal from the MPU 131, and provides an abnormal signal to the MPU 131 when there is a motor operation abnormality.

The power supply circuit C is always connected to a power supply (commercial AC power supply or battery).
Voltage V required for status monitoring, data processing and data holding
give bc. The power supply circuit B is connected to a power supply via a relay RLb, and supplies an operating voltage Vc required for operation of the electric circuit such as signal processing and electric control to electric circuits of various parts of the system. The power supply circuit A is connected to a power supply via a relay RLa and supplies a motor driver with a drive voltage Vd required for energizing the motor. Relays RLa and RLb are relay drivers 13
It is turned on / off by 7a and 137b. The MPU 131 issues on / off instructions to the relay drivers 137a and 137.
b.

FIG. 16 shows an outline of the tracking control of the MPU 131. Here, the contents of the symbols shown on the flowcharts of FIGS. 16 to 21 are as follows: “AZ”: azimuth, “EL”: elevation, RNa: cycle of one-step driving in the “AZ” direction. The register to be stored or the cycle represented by the data stored therein, and the set value of the driving amount of one-step driving are about 0.25 ° of “AZ” rotation of the heat collector, and Nsa: 1 of “AZ”. The reference value of the step drive cycle, and the set value of this reference value is one minute. This is 360 ° / 24 hours = 0.25 ° /
RNe: A register for storing the cycle of one-step driving in the "EL" direction, or the cycle represented by the data stored therein, and the set value of the driving amount of one-step driving are set in the heat collector. “EL” rotation of about 0.25 °, Nse: reference value of one-step driving cycle of “EL”, and the set value of this reference value is one minute. This is 180 ° / 12 hours = 0.25 ° /
Follow the minute. Tc: a register for storing a time limit value of the program timer,
Or, a time limit value represented by data stored therein, Tq: a control cycle during tracking preparation immediately after a change from valid no sunlight to presence, a set value of Tq is 8 seconds, Tn: daylight in the daytime Control cycle when T appears, T
The set value of n is 4 minutes, Tw: a check cycle for checking whether a hidden sun has appeared, the set value of Tw is 8 minutes, Thd: dawn wait time, the set value of Thd is 12 hours, Sm: morning light detection Light level of the photo sensor PSm, Stm: threshold value for determining the presence or absence of valid morning sunlight, Sn: light reception level of the photo sensor PSn for detecting afternoon light, Stn: valid presence of afternoon sunlight Threshold for judging absence, Sa: “EL” light reception level of tracking delay detection pipe 81a, Sb: “EL” light reception level of tracking advance detection pipe 81b, Sc: “AZ” tracking delay detection pipe Sd: "AZ" light receiving level of the tracking advance detection pipe 81d. RSmn: A register for storing data indicating the result of determination of morning or afternoon, or 1-bit data stored therein.
“0” indicates morning and “1” indicates afternoon. Rθe: Register for storing the “EL” angle of the collector, or “EL” angle represented by data stored in the register, Rθa: Heat collection A register for storing the "AZ" angle of the collector or the "AZ" angle represented by the data stored therein, RFfe: data indicating whether or not the actual alignment of the collector in the "EL" direction with respect to the sun is required. A register for storing data or 1-bit data stored therein. The "0" means the actual alignment is required. RFfa: A register for storing data indicating whether or not the actual collector needs to be actually aligned in the "AZ" direction with respect to the sun, or stored in the register. 1-bit data. The “0” means the actual alignment is required. α: threshold for tracking delay, advance determination, Rθemax: register for storing the “EL” angle when sunlight is orthogonal to the first set of shafts B1 to B4 (switching point of AM / PM) Or the "EL" angle represented by the data stored therein, Fwait: a register for storing data indicating whether the sun is hiding and then waiting to come out, or 1-bit data stored therein. . The "1" means that the sun is waiting for the sun to come out again. Rwc: A register for storing the waiting time for the sun to come out afterwards, or data stored in the register.
The wait time represented by the data.

Referring to FIG. When a power switch (not shown) is turned on, the power circuit C generates the operating voltage Vbc and
When applied to the PU 131, a power-on reset circuit (not shown) of the MPU 131 generates a reset pulse. In response to this, the CPU in the MPU 131 reads an initialization program from the program ROM in the MPU 131 and
To the MPU 13 according to the initialization program.
1 (CPU system) is initialized (step 1). When the initialization is completed, the MPU 131 stores the reference cycle Nsa of the “AZ” step drive in the register RNa.
(1 minute) is written, and a reference cycle Nse (1 minute) of the “EL” step drive is written in the register RNe (step 2). In the following, the word “step” is omitted in parentheses, and step No. Write only numbers.

Here, one unit of the “AZ” step drive is as follows:
In response to one (1 pulse) “AZ” drive instruction given by the MPU 131 to the motor drivers 133a to 133d,
The motor drivers 133a to 133d drive the pulse motors M of the driving machines EF1 to EF4 by about 0.25 ° of rotation of the azimuth shaft 4 in a pulsed manner. Is different from the "step" of the step driving (phase switching) of the pulse motor M.
Similarly, one unit of the “EL” step driving is the MPU 13
1 responds to one (1 pulse) "EL" drive instruction given to the motor drivers 132a and 132b by the motor drivers 132a and 132b.
The pulse motors M of the driving machines ES1 and ES2 are pulse-driven by about 0.25 ° of rotation of B4.
The "step" of L "step drive" is also the pulse motor M
Is different from the “step” of step drive (phase switching).

Next, the MPU 131 writes the control cycle Tq (8 seconds) during tracking preparation into the register Tc (3),
= Start program timer Tc of Tq time value (4). Then, a relay on instruction is given to the relay driver 137b to turn on the relay RLb. In response to this, the power supply circuit B generates a voltage (Vc) and applies the voltage (Vc) to the electric circuits of the respective units. At the timing when this voltage (Vc) is stabilized and the output of each circuit is stabilized, the MPU 131 switches the switch S
ah and Seh switching signals are read, and the input voltages of the A / D conversion input ports AD1 to AD6, that is, the detected light amount S
m, Sn, and Sa to Sd are digitally converted and read (5). Then, the presence or absence of an abnormality is determined based on the read signal and data (6). When it is determined that there is an abnormality, an alarm is issued by a not-shown alarm (indicator light), and M
The output of the PU 131 is switched to a standby one (mechanism drive stop) (19), a control cycle Tq (8 seconds) is written in the register Tc (20), and the timer T started in step 4 is started.
After waiting for the time over of c (13A), when the time is over, the processing from step 4 onward is performed again.

When it is determined that there is no abnormality, if the light receiving level Sm of the photosensor PSm is equal to or higher than the threshold Stm and equal to or higher than the light receiving level Sn of the photosensor PSn, there is valid sunlight, It is assumed that the irradiation angle is in the morning,
Write "0" indicating "morning" (8-10). In this case, after "restart processing (am)" (11), the process proceeds to "am tracking" (12). The contents of these processes (11, 12) will be described later.

When the light receiving level Sm of the photo sensor PSm is less than the threshold value Stm and the light receiving level Sn of the photo sensor PSn is not less than the threshold value Stn, there is valid sunlight and it is in the afternoon. As the register R
Write "1" indicating "afternoon" to Smn (8-71
5). In this case, the process proceeds to “tracking in the afternoon” (17) via “resume processing (afternoon)” (16). These processes (1
6, 17) will also be described later.

If the light receiving level Sm is less than the threshold value Stm and the light receiving level Sn is also less than the threshold value Stn, this means that there is no effective sunlight irradiation, and the process proceeds to the "standby process" (18). The contents of the "standby process" (18) will also be described later.

"Tracking in the morning" (12), "Tracking in the afternoon"
After (17) or "standby process" (18), the process waits for the timer Tc to time over (13A).
Then, the program timer Tc is started again (4), and the processing after step 5 is performed. Therefore,
The processing for tracking control after step 5 is performed by the time limit value Tc.
Is repeated in the cycle (control cycle). However, as will be described later, since the time limit value Tc is changed depending on whether it is during the day or at night, or whether the sun is out during the day, the control cycle is not constant. Next, the content of the tracking control of the MPU 131 will be described by itemization. (A) Processing before and after sunrise at dawn Processing immediately after sunset to be described later (116, 118 to 12 in FIG. 20)
According to 2), the heat collectors (supporters A11 to A44) are set to the reference posture (azimuth HP: "AZ" HP and elevation HP: "EL" HP), and the time limit value Tc = Thd (12) to wait for dawn. Start timer)
At step 13A in FIG. 16, a time-over is waited. Relays RLa and RLb are off, and power supply circuits A and
B is shut off from the power supply (sleep).

For example, assuming that the processing immediately after sunset is at 7:00 pm on the previous day, the MPU 131 responds to the time over of the timer Tc at 7:00 am of the present day and responds to the timer time limit value Tc.
The time to wait for the hidden sun to appear Tw (8 minutes)
(13B, 13C), and this time limit value Tc = Tw
(4), the relay RLb is turned on, the state of the switches Sah and Seh, and the light receiving level S
m, Sn, Sa, Sb, Sc, and Sd are read (5). Then, after the abnormality check (6), if there is no abnormality, it is determined whether valid light is detected, valid morning light is detected, or valid afternoon light is detected ( 8, 9, 14).

If no valid light is detected, the "standby process"
(18: Details are shown in FIG. 20), sunlight non-detection "1"
Is written into the register Fwait (113), and the clock value Rwc
Is cleared (114). Then, thereafter, until a valid sunlight is detected, Tc = Tw cycle, and 13A-
13B-4 to 8-718 (112-117-1 in FIG. 20)
18) -Repeat the loop processing of 13A) of FIG. Accordingly, for example, when the sunrise is late, or when the valid sun which is continuously continued due to rain or cloudy weather before the sunrise time is not detected, the sun tracking is not started, and the heat collector (supporting devices A11 to A11) is not started.
44) is a reference posture (“AZ” HP and “EL” HP)
As it is, only the clock value Rwc is incremented (117 in FIG. 20). In addition, one unit 1 of the clock value Rwc
Means 4 minutes, during which the "AZ" and "E" of the sun
The position (angle) change amounts Δθa and Δθe in the L ″ direction are each approximately 1 °. (B) Pre-processing for sun tracking when valid morning light is detected When valid morning light is detected, the MPU 131 Proceeds from step 9 to step 10 in FIG. 16, writes "0" in the register RSmn, and turns on the relays RLa and RLb in "resume processing (am)" (11: details in FIG. 21A). To (1
32), the collector is located at the estimated solar “AZ” position (Rθa + R
wc.times..DELTA..theta.a), and writes data representing the position into the "AZ" register R.theta.a (1 in FIG. 21A).
33). Also, the collector is positioned at the estimated sun “EL” position (Rθ
e + Rwc × Δθe) to obtain a data representing the position.
Is written to the "EL" register Rθe (134). The current “AZ” drive of the heat collector is directed to the estimated position, and the estimated position does not always match the actual sun position, but rather, it is estimated that the error is large. Therefore, "0" indicating that the "AZ" alignment is unreliable (actual alignment is required) is written into the register RFfa,
When the collector is driven by “EL”, “0” is written to the register RFfe for the same reason. Then, “0” indicating that valid sunlight is detected is set to the register Fw.
Write to ait (135) and proceed to "Tracking in the morning" (12: FIG. 17 for details). (C) "Tracking in the morning" (12) Referring to FIG. Here, first, when the switch Seh is off (H), it is detected that the heat collector is at “EL” HP, so + 90 ° indicating the position is changed to “EL”.
Writing to the register Rθe (21, 22). Similarly, when the switch Sah is off (H), the collector is “AZ” HP
+90, which indicates the position.
Is written in the "AZ" register Rθa, and since the “EL” angle Rθe at this time is the turning point of the heat collector from the “EL” up drive to the down drive, it is written in the register Rθemax. (32).

If the data of the register RFfe is "0" (actual alignment is required), the process proceeds from step 23 to step 24, where the "EL" position of the heat collector is changed with respect to the "EL" position of the sun. Check if it is late (“EL” tracking delay) (2
4) The first set of shaft bodies B1 to B4 is driven "EL" until the delay is eliminated. It should be noted that “E
The data in the L "register R.theta.e is updated to a value changed by one step drive amount (27). When the delay is eliminated, the data in the register RFfe is rewritten to" 1 "(actual alignment completed). (28) Then, in the cycle RNe represented by the data of the register RNe, an interrupt process for instructing the drivers 132a and 132b to perform one-step "EL" up drive (upward drive following the rising sun) is set. (2
9). As a result, the collector is thereafter driven up by "EL" at a rate of one step (approximately 0.25 °) per RNe cycle.

When the data of the register RFfe is "0" (actual alignment is required) and the tracking is not "EL", the "EL" return drive is performed one step at a time (steps 24 to 26). Repeat). When the "EL" tracking delay occurs, the "EL" drive for eliminating the delay is performed, and when the delay is eliminated, "1" is set in the register RFfe.
(Actual alignment completed) is rewritten (28).

When the data of the register RFfa is "0" (actual alignment is required), the "" of the heat collector is changed in the same manner as the actual alignment in the "EL" direction (23 to 29). The actual alignment in the AZ "direction is performed (33 to 3
9) When this is completed, the data in the register RFfa is rewritten to "1" (actual alignment completed) (38), and one step of "AZ" westward with the period RNa represented by the data in the register RNa. An interrupt process is set to instruct the drivers 133a to 133d to drive (lateral driving that follows the west transition of the sun) (39). This allows the collector to then move one step per cycle RNa (approximately 0.25 °)
"AZ" drive at the speed of

As described above, the "EL" direction and "AZ"
When the actual alignment of the directions is completed, then, when valid sunlight in the morning is detected, the “EL morning tracking” (30) and “AZ” are performed in a cycle of Tc = Tn (4 minutes). "
Tracking "(40) is repeated. These contents are shown in FIGS. 19A and 19C.

In the “AM“ EL ”tracking” (30),
When the “EL” tracking delay occurs, the “EL” step driving cycle R
Ne is decremented by one (81, 83). That is, the step drive cycle RNe is shortened to increase the “EL” tracking drive speed. When the “EL” tracking is advanced, the “EL” step driving cycle RNe is incremented by one (82, 8).
4). That is, the step driving cycle RNe is lengthened and “E
L "The tracking drive speed is reduced.

In ““ AZ ”tracking” (40), “AZ”
When the tracking delay occurs, the “AZ” step driving cycle RNa is set to 1
It is decremented (101, 103). That is, the step drive cycle RNa is shortened to increase the “AZ” tracking drive speed. When the “AZ” tracking is advanced, the “AZ” step driving cycle RNa is incremented by one (102, 10).
4). That is, by increasing the step driving cycle RNa,
Z "The tracking drive speed is reduced.

Every time the above-mentioned "tracking in the morning" (12) is executed once, when the actual alignment in the "EL" direction and the "AZ" direction has been completed, Tn is stored in the register Tc.
(472 minutes) is written (472). If any of them is not completed, Tq (8 seconds) is written to the register Tc (47).
3). As a result, while at least one of the actual alignments in the EL "direction and the" AZ "direction is not completed, the" morning tracking "(12) is repeatedly executed at a cycle of Tq (8 seconds). When both are completed, Tn (4 minutes: during this time the sun is about 1 °
Is repeatedly executed in a cycle of (position change). (D) Preprocessing for sun tracking when valid afternoon light is detected When valid afternoon light is detected, the MPU 131 proceeds from step 14 to step 15 in FIG. 16 and sets “1” in the register RSmn.
And “Resume processing (PM)” (16: FIG. 21 for details)
(B)), the relays RLa and RLb are turned on (72), and the collector is positioned at the estimated solar "EL" position, that is,
When Rθa ≧ 90 °, “EL” is returned from the “EL” position Rθemax, which is a return from the “EL” up drive to the down drive.
L "return position" 2Rθemax- (Rθe + Rwc × Δθ
e)), when Rθa <90 °, drive the “EL” up drive position “Rθe + Rwc × Δθe” and write the data representing the position into the register Rθe (see 73 to 73 in FIG. 21B). 68). In addition, the solar collector "A"
Drive to the Z "position" R.theta.a + Rwc.times..theta..theta.e "and write data representing the position into the register R.theta.a (14).
6). Then, when the above-mentioned “EL” drive was performed, “0” indicating that the “EL” alignment was unreliable (actual alignment required) was written to the register RFfe, and the heat collector was driven “AZ”. Sometimes, for similar reasons,
“0” is written to the register RFfa, and “0” indicating that valid sunlight is detected is written to the register Fwait (147). Then, the process proceeds to “afternoon tracking” (17: FIG. 18 for details). (E) "Tracking in the afternoon" (17) The content of the "AZ" tracking drive control in the "tracking in the afternoon" (17) is the same as that in the "tracking in the morning" (12) described above. is there. However, in "Afternoon Tracking" (17),
The content of the “EL” tracking drive control is opposite to that in the case where the moving direction of the sun is in the morning. , 5
7) is different, and the driving direction of the collector for eliminating the tracking delay and the advance is reversed. The other points are the same as the contents of the above-mentioned "tracking in the morning" (12), and thus description thereof will be omitted. (F) Processing when valid sunlight is no longer detected The first “standby processing” that changes from sunlight detection to non-detection
In (18: FIG. 20 for details), the MPU 131 writes “1” (sunlight not detected) in the register Fwait (step 11).
2, 113), and clear the clock register Rwc (11
4), Tw (8 minutes) is set as the time limit value Tc (11)
5), relays RLa and RLb are turned off (116).
Thereafter, when the non-sunlight detection continues, Tc = Tw (8
Minute), the process proceeds to the “standby process” (18), and the time value Rw
c is incremented (112, 117), and "A"
Z ”The estimated position“ Rθa + Rwc × Δθa ”is 180 °
(“AZ” upper limit position) is checked (1
18). When it reaches, the process proceeds to the process at sunset described later. (G) Processing when detection of valid sunlight has started to be detected. The processing proceeds to the above-described “resume process (am)” (12) or “resume process (pm)” (16). (H) Processing at Sunset Due to sunset, effective sunlight is not detected, and “A”
Z ”The estimated position“ Rθa + Rwc × Δθa ”is 180 °
(“AZ” upper limit position), when the two conditions are satisfied simultaneously, the MPU 131 sets the heat collectors (supporters A11 to A44) to “EL” HP and “A” as shown in FIG.
Z ″ HP, and HP data is stored in registers Rθe and Rθa.
Write + 90 ° (119). That is, the supporting machine A1
1 to A44 are reference postures (standby postures) shown in FIGS. Then, the registers RFfa and RFfe are cleared (120), and the register Fwait is also cleared (121).
The dawn waiting time Thd (12 hours) is written into the register Tc (122). Then, the relays RLa and RLb are turned off (116), and the process proceeds to step 13A in FIG.
Wait for timer Tc = Thd (12 hours) to time over. The following description is (a).

Second Embodiment FIG. 22 shows a second embodiment of the heat collector 22. In this embodiment, a Fresnel lens 36f is used instead of the light transmitting plate 36 of the first embodiment, and the converged light is reflected by the second parabolic mirror 52 at a plane mirror of 40 pm. The difference from the first embodiment is that the light transmitting plate 36 of the first embodiment is changed to a Fresnel lens 36f and the first parabolic mirror 40a of the first embodiment is changed to a plane mirror. Others are the same as the above-described first embodiment.

Third Embodiment FIG. 23 shows a third embodiment of the heat collector 22. In this embodiment, a Fresnel lens 36f is used instead of the translucent plate 36 of the first embodiment, and the converged light is further converged by a first parabolic mirror 50a and reflected by a second parabolic mirror 52. I did it. The difference from the first embodiment is that the light transmitting plate 36 of the first embodiment is changed to a Fresnel lens 36f. Others are the same as the above-described first embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 23, the thickness of the heat collector 22 in the direction of viewing the sun (36 f / 3)
1 distance) can be made much thinner.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention, in which heat collector supporters A11 to A44 are in a reference posture (standby posture).

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, except that the heat collector supporters A11 to A44 are omitted, and they are indicated by a two-dot chain line thin line.

FIG. 3 is a left side view showing a part of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner.

FIG. 4 is a left side view showing the supporter A11 shown in FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner.

5A and 5B show a mechanism for supporting a second set of shaft bodies 4 (azimuth shafts) shown in FIG. 4, wherein FIG. 5A is a front view, FIG. 5B is a left side view, and FIG. 5C is a bottom view.

FIGS. 6A and 6B show heat collector supporting frames 8 and 9 integrated with the second pair of shafts 4 shown in FIG. 4, wherein FIG. 6A is a front view, FIG. 6B is a bottom view, and FIG. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the collector support mechanism of the supporter A11 in a state where the shaft body 4 is set upright to the reference plane Sp as indicated by a two-dot chain line thin line in FIG. Axis, F
A is the north-south axis and TA is the vertical axis.

8 is an enlarged plan view of a worm 12 that drives the shaft body 4 shown in FIG. 7 to rotate about its axis, and the support 1 and the shaft body 4 show a horizontal section (horizontal section).

9A and 9B show a mechanism for rotating and driving the worm 12 shown in FIG. 8, wherein FIG. 9A is a plan view, and the support 1 and the shaft 4 show a horizontal section (horizontal section); 2 shows a plane (vertical cross section).

10 shows heat collectors 21 to 24 of the first embodiment mounted on the support frames 8, 9 shown in FIG. 6, (a) is a front view thereof, and (b) is a plan view.

11 is an enlarged perspective view showing an appearance of the heat collector 22 shown in FIG.

12 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the reflector 50a and the light / heat converter 60a shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the reflector 50b and the light / heat converter 60b shown in FIG.

14 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a valve device 92 mounted on the bottom plate 31 of the heat collector 22 shown in FIG. 11, wherein FIG. 14A shows a closed state in which the inner space of the heat collector 22 is closed; (B)
A state is shown in which the base 120 is mounted and the valve is opened in order to exhaust gas in the inner space of the heat collector 22 or to inject moisture-free air or inert gas into the inner space.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an electric control system for tracking the sun of the heat collecting apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 16 shows a microcomputer 131 shown in FIG.
4 is a flowchart showing an outline of the sun tracking control function.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the contents of “tracking in the morning” (12) shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing the content of “tracking in the afternoon” (17) shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 shows (a), (b) and (C), respectively.
“AM“ EL ”tracking” shown in FIG. 17 (30), FIG.
"Afternoon" EL "tracking" (60) shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
7, a flowchart showing the contents of "" AZ "tracking" (40) and (70) in FIG.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the contents of a "standby process" (18) shown in FIG.

FIGS. 21 (a) and (b) are flowcharts showing the contents of "resume processing (am)" (11) and "resume processing (pm)" (16) shown in FIG. 16, respectively. .

FIG. 22 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a part of a heat collector 22 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a part of a heat collector 22 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Sp: reference plane SA: east-west axis FA: north-south axis TA: vertical axis A11-A44: supporter B1-B4: first set of shafts (elevation shaft) C11-C44: bearings F1-F4: first-first 4th row S1 to S4: 1st to 4th column 1: Column 2, 3: Arm 4: Second group of shafts (azimuth axis) 5, 6: Fixing plate 7: Wheel 8, 9: Support frame 10: Warm support frame
12: Worms 13, 14: Connecting tools I11 to I13: Connecting rods G11, G12: Connecting rods 15: Spur gear 16: Intermediate gear 17: Drive gear EF1 to EF4, ES1,
ES2: Electric drive mechanism D11 to D42: Support stand CAd: Duct 20: Duct pipe 21 to 24: Heat collector 21h1 to 24h3: Bolt through hole OFc: Heat exchange fluid supply / discharge tube bundle Seh: Elevation hose Home position detection switch Sah: Azimuth home position detection switch 31: Bottom plate 32: Seal frame 32h: Round hole 33: Square tube 34: Fixed frame 35: Seal frame 35h: Round hole 36: Light transmitting plate 37: fixed frame 40: first set of mirrors 40a to 40d: parabolic mirror 50a to 50b: second set of reflectors 51: small mirror 52: parabolic mirror 53: screw rod 54: inner washer 55 : Bush 56: Outer washer 57: Fixing nut 60 a-60 d: Light / heat converter 61: Light / heat converter block 62: Flange 63: Conical surface 64: Bush 65: Washer 66: Solid Nut 67: Lock nut 68a, 68b: Screw hole 69: Flow path 71, 72: Base 73, 74: Tube 80: Lighting rod group 81a to 81d: Stainless steel pipe 82: Holder 83a: Bush Ps: Direction deviation detection Position 92: Valve device 101: Backbone 102: Bush 103: Washer 104: Fixing nut 105: O-ring 106: Spring 107: Ball 108: O-ring 109: Valve seat sleeve 110: O-ring 111: Closing screw 120 : Cap PSm, PSn: Photo sensor 131: Microcomputer 85a to 85d: Half mirror 86a to 86d: Photo sensor RLa, RLb: Relay 137a, 137b: Relay driver

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A casing including a bottom plate, a side plate surrounding an opening facing the bottom plate, and a light-transmitting member for closing the opening; inside the casing, passing through the light-transmitting member and into the casing. A first mirror for reflecting the entered light; a small mirror located in the casing and in front of the first mirror, supported by the light transmitting member, and reflecting the reflected light of the first mirror; A second mirror which is a curved mirror having a short focal length; a light / heat conversion member having a light / heat conversion surface facing the second mirror and a flow path for passing a heat exchange fluid; A condensing element having a long focal length; and a condensing element having a long focal length. 2. The first mirror is a large-sized, long-focal-length curved mirror that reflects and condenses light that has entered the casing through the light-transmitting member; The heat collecting device according to claim 1, wherein the is located on the optical axis of the first mirror. 3. The light / heat conversion member penetrates the bottom plate at a position where the optical axis of the second mirror intersects the bottom plate, and the reflected light is opposed to the second mirror with the optical axis as an axis. The heat collecting device according to claim 1, further comprising a conical light / heat converting surface receiving the light. 4. An inner port, casing opened in a casing inner space.
2. The collection according to claim 1, further comprising: an outer port that opens to the outside of the shing, and a valve body that opens and closes between the two ports and is mounted on the casing. Thermal equipment.